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Il Polifoneta N. 074 (La Storia Dei Nobili Manin)

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Il Polifoneta N. 074 (La Storia Dei Nobili Manin) IL POLIFONETA Foglio del Libero Maso de I Coi per la difesa e la promozione dei diritti delle persone e delle Comunità storiche Foglio n. 74 Domenica 18 maggio 2014 LA STORIA DEI NOBILI MANIN 1 Disegno a penna dello stemma nobiliare Manin, con Vulcano sulla sommità. La famiglia Manin, dalle origini antichissime, divenne nel tempo molto ricca 2 e potente grazie ai meriti ed al valore di molti dei suoi componenti, i quali seppero 1 Scheda anonima tratta da: http://www.enricodavenezia.it/Passariano/INobiliManin.htm . 2[1]«I Manin, nel 1740, erano i più ricchi fra tutti i nobili veneziani iscritti nel libro d’oro: essi gode- vano di ottantamila ducati di rendita annua, oltre a duecentomila ducati in contanti e agli altrettanti ulteriori in gioielli. Queste somme provenivano essenzialmente dalla terra: derivando loro il restante dai prestiti di stato o dalle affittanze di case in Venezia», J. GEORGELIN, Passariano e la civiltà delle ville venete (a proposito dei contributi di Michelangelo Muraro), Ateneo Veneto, Gennaio - Giu- gno 1975, vol. 13 - N 1, p. 147 - Anno XIII n.s. 1 guadagnarsi il rispetto delle genti, gli onori dei sovrani e l'accoglienza fra la nobiltà friulana ed il patriziato veneziano. Il nome Manin è oggi a noi tristemente noto per essere appartenuto all'ulti- mo doge di Venezia, Lodovico Manin, colui che con dignità affrontò la dissoluzione della Repubblica minacciata da Napoleone Bonaparte, e presiedette il 12 maggio 1797, l'ultima seduta del Maggior Consiglio che ne decretò la fine, dopo oltre undici secoli di indipendenza e gloria. Le origini più lontane, non documentate, di questa famiglia si fanno risalire alla Gens Manlia di Roma, del quarto secolo a.C., mentre quelle comprovate da scrit- ture, hanno inizio in Toscana a partire da un Manno proveniente dai Bucij di Rieti, trasferitisi poi a Fiesole e quindi a Firenze. Il ceppo originario resta unito fino ai primi anni del 1300, quando si divide in tre diramazioni: una toscana con capostipite Romanello Manini, una con Manino II che si trasferisce in Friuli alla corte del Patriarca di Aquileia, Raimondo della Tor- re 3 e la terza con a capo Giacomo II Manini, figlio di Romanello, il quale genera una discendenza chiamata d'Ungheria e d'Inghilterra. 4 Ricorderemo Giacomo II Manini per il diploma che riceve da Edoardo III d'Inghilterra (1327-1377), a Windsor il 5 agosto 1362, a riconoscimento del suo valo- re dimostrato nelle guerre contro la Francia. In esso si concede il privilegio al suo primogenito di portare il nome Edoardo, per sé e tutti i suoi discendenti, ed ac- quisire la nobiltà britannica, le insegne della Giarrettiera ed il diritto di porre nello stemma di famiglia, l'arma reale inglese. 5 Un secondo diploma è rilasciato il 15 settembre 1381 da Riccardo II a Odoar- do figlio di Giacomo II Manini, a riconferma di tutte le onorificenze concesse al pa- dre, assieme alla nomina a conte di Canterbury. 6 Ma torniamo alla diramazione che più ci interessa, cioè quella friulana, 7 do- ve vediamo Manino II aggregato, nel 1312, alla nobiltà udinese e divenire capostipi- 3 Molti fiorentini come gli Strozzi, i Bardi, i Brunelleschi, furono costretti in quel periodo ad emigrare per ragioni politiche in Friuli. Si veda Biblioteca del Museo Correr (B.M.C.), Memo- rie della famiglia Manin, codice Cicogna 3162/XX. 4 In quanto fu nominato da re Luigi I, Governatore della Transilvania, ma poi inviato (1345- 1348) quale Ambasciatore alla Corte d'Inghilterra. 5 «... concediamo amplia facoltà a te e tuoi Discendenti Fratelli e nipoti suoi, Eredi e Successori in perpetuo d'inserire nello stemma antico della tua Famiglia l'Insegna del Regno d'Inghilterra e di quel- la liberamente servirsi in occasione di Giostre, Torn»i Guerre e Duelli, quella far imprimere sopra Le- gni, Anelli, Sigilli, Sepolcri, Edifizij, e godere di tutte quelle immunità, prerogative e privilegi ...» Si veda il diploma, trascritto e tradotto, nel manoscritto Barbaro conservato nella Biblioteca del Museo Correr (B.M.C.): M. BARBARO, Arbori dei patrizi veneti, vol. IV, c. 277. 6 Nel 1399 il Parlamento inglese depone Riccardo II, costringe Odoardo Manini ed il figlio Antonio a ritornare in Ungheria. Antonio rientra in Italia e nel 1412 è Podestà a Pisa, mentre il padre Odoardo I rimane in Ungheria e la sua discendenza sarà aggregata alla nobiltà ac- quisendo fama ed onori. Se ne ha notizia sino ai primi anni del 1500, cfr.: A. D'ALIA - F. TOMASINI, Ludovico Manin ultimo doge di Venezia, Roma 1940, p. 36. 7 Il loro inserimento in Friuli fu amichevole e se ne ha testimonianza dalla scritta che fecero scolpire sull'architrave della loro casa a Udine, in via Savorgnan, oggi casa Antonini, in cui si legge: "Sum melior nutrix quam sit Florentia mater". Cfr: E. BARTOLINI - G. BERGAMINI - L. SERENI, Raccontare Udine. Vicende di case e palazzi, Udine, 1983 pp. 250-259; M. BUORA, Gui- da di Udine. Arte e storia tra vie e piazze, Trieste, 1986, pp. 324-326. 2 te dei Manin del Friuli, sviluppando un ruolo importante nella politica della Sere- nissima per il controllo ed il mantenimento delle vie di comunicazione verso i paesi dell'Europa centrale. I Manin acquistano prestigio e potere specialmente nel settore finanziario ol- tre che in quello politico-militare, assumendo, assieme alla famiglia dei Barbaro ed in special modo a quella dei Dolfin, un ruolo centrale nella politica veneziana di contenimento dell'influenza dei paesi d'oltralpe, presidiandone i confini. 8 Arma dell'ultimo doge Manin, conservata in Palazzo Ducale a Venezia. Venezia favorisce il consolidarsi dinastico, economico e territoriale di queste famiglie, riconoscendo e premiando il valore di alcuni personaggi, come farà per il diplomatico Nicolò Manin, al quale il Maggior Consiglio, il 13 giugno 1385, conferi- sce la cittadinanza veneziana: «. ., procurando honorem, et exaltationem Ducalis Domi- nij, fiat sibi gratia, quod cum suis Heredibus recipiatur in Civem Venetum de gratia specia- li.». 9 O sostenendo, ad esempio, i Dolfin nel seggio patriarcale di Aquileia, 10 con- sentendo loro la successione alla carica, ininterrottamente dal 1657 per più di cent'anni. Il 4 febbraio 1526, l'imperatore Carlo V conferisce a Camillo Manin,11 figlio di Bernardino I, il diploma di Cavaliere aurato, assieme alla nomina di Nobile del Sacro 8 M. MURARO, Passariano e il rococò in Friuli, lezioni di storia dell'arte, Università di Trieste, Udine 1972 p. 5 e segg. 9 «(...) per l evidente successo del suo operato, devozione che egli dimostrò e sempre incessantemente dimostra procacciando onore e gloria al dogale Dominio, gli si fa grazia, con i suoi eredi, della cittadi- nanza veneziana per grazia speciale.» Cfr.: M. BARBARO, Arbori dei patrizi veneti, 1743, c. 278 v. 10 Giovanni VII Dolfin (1657-1699), Dionisio Dolfin (1699-1734), Daniele II Dolfin, cardinale (1734-1762). Nel 1752 sarà Daniele Dolfin a divenire il primo arcivescovo di Udine. Il papa Benedetto XIV il 6 luglio 1751 sopprimeva il Patriarcato di Aquileia e lo divideva nei due Ar- civescovadi di Gorizia e di Udine. In quest'ultima sede, creata il 19 gennaio 1752, si insedierà l'arcivescovo Daniele Dolfin, che manterrà il titolo di Patriarca di Aquileia. Cfr.: M. DELLA TORRE, Della chiesa aquilejese e del Patriarcato, in Monografie friulane, Udine 1847, p. 18. 11 Nel XVI secolo il nome dei Manini del Friuli si accorcia in Manin. 3 Romano Impero con il diritto di porre nello stemma 12 il drago coronato con la coro- na cesarea: «... concediamo ed elargiamo, cioè lo scudo diviso per lungo in due parti la cui destra è di color azzurro o celeste, la sinistra bianca o argentea cui un cosiddetto segno tra- sversale divide per metà; nel mezzo del predetto scudo un Serpe di colore incarna»o incoro- nato del Diadema cesareo a mani e piedi aperti e guardante verso la parte sinistra dello scu- do, quasi strisciante nel medesimo scudo. Sopra lo scudo una Galea comune chiusa da bianco ed argento e di colore celeste e incarnato e cinta da fasci degli stessi colori ovverosia da un Diadema degli antichi re nella cui sommità sarebbe Vulcano rivestito d'una tunica di lino te- nendo con la destra il maglio e fabbricando i fulmini nell'incudine ...». 13 Vale la pena, allora, di riassumere le caratteristiche dello stemma Manin, fa- cendo riferimento a quello dell'ultimo doge Lodovico, ancor oggi conservato in Pa- lazzo Ducale. Si divide in quattro parti, di cui la prima e la quarta mostra un leone rampante rosso su sfondo oro, la seconda e la terza costituite da due fasce, una dallo sfondo azzurro con il drago verde 14 alato e coronato d'oro, l'altra d'argento divisa a metà da una striscia trasversale azzurra. 15 Variazioni sul tema si hanno negli altri scudi di famiglia che via via si incon- trano, vedi quello dipinto dal Dorigny nel coro del Duomo di Udine 16 dove si vede la corona anche sul leone e il drago è colorato di rosso, mentre in questo della cap- pella di Passariano il drago porta lo stesso colore dello sfondo e la fascia argentea della seconda e terza parte è a sinistra anziché a destra. 17 Vi sono poi gli stemmi scolpiti: quello esterno, qui a Passariano, al centro del timpano del portale d'ingresso della cappella; 18 quello della facciata della chiesa dei Gesuiti, o quelli scolpiti ai lati dell'altare della cappella della Sacra Famiglia agli Scalzi a Venezia. E ancora: quelli realizzati in argento sbalzato in entrambi i piatti del messale, appartenente alla oreficeria sacra della villa; 19 e quelli disegnati e custoditi presso la Biblioteca del Museo Correr, fra i quali quello eseguito in occasione della elezione di 12 Cui si affianca il motto: "Fortunam virtus vincere sola potest".
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