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A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/94209 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications The Rhetoric of Celebration in Seventeenth-Century Venetian Funerary Monuments Volume One of two volumes (Text) by Stefano Colombo A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the History of Art at the University of Warwick. This dissertation may not be photocopied. University of Warwick, Department of the History of Art December 2016 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... iv Declaration ......................................................................................................... v Abstract .............................................................................................................. vi List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................ vii List of Illustrations .......................................................................................... viii Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 1. Funerary Monuments and the Myth of Venice ........................................ 1 2. Defining a Monument ............................................................................. 4 3. Funerary Monuments and Venetian Baroque ......................................... 5 4. Funerary Monuments and Celebratory Rhetoric .................................. 10 5. The Structure of this Thesis .................................................................. 21 Chapter One The Premise: Ducal Tomb Monuments in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century ......................................................................................... 28 1. The Background: Funerary Monuments and Republican Ideology ..... 31 2. The Funerary Monument to Doge Leonardo Loredan ......................... 43 3. The Legacy of the Loredan Monument: The Funerary Monument to Doge Marino Grimani .................................................................................. 57 4. Continuity and Innovation after the Loredan Monument: The Funerary Monuments to the Doges Pasquale Cicogna and Marcantonio Memmo ... 67 Chapter Two Baldassarre Longhena’s Monument to Doge Giovanni Pesaro and the Rhetoric of the Living Image .............................................................. 77 1. The Pesaro Monument, Its Design and Iconography ........................... 83 2. Emanuele Tesauro, the Argutezza, and its Influence on Longhena’s Pesaro Monument ........................................................................................ 89 3. Longhena’s Telamones .......................................................................... 97 4. Speaking Marble, Moving Sculpture .................................................... 102 5. Beyond Laudatory Poems: Panegyric Ekphrasis and the Reinvention of the Pesaro Monument ................................................................................. 113 i Chapter Three The Critical Reception of Longhena’s Pesaro Tomb: Monuments to Captains and War Heroes ...................................................... 121 1. The Commemorative Monument to Caterino Cornaro: from Ethos to Rhetoric ....................................................................................................... 124 2. Cornaro’s Sacrifice ................................................................................ 131 3. The Cornaro Monument and the Iconography of Slavery ................... 135 4. The Persistence of the Rhetoric of the Living Monument in Poems in Honour to Cornaro ...................................................................................... 140 5. The Dynastic Monument of Antonio Barbaro on the Façade of Santa Maria del Giglio ........................................................................................... 147 6. Antonio Barbaro’s Self-Sacrifice as an Act of Religious Piety ............. 156 Chapter Four The Critical Reception of Longhena’s Pesaro Monument: Funerary Monuments to Venetian Merchants and cittadini ........................... 166 1. The Fini Family in San Moisè: the Façade as a Gift ............................ 171 2. The Fini Monument and the Republican Ethos .................................. 179 3. Liberty, Liberality and Magnificence ................................................... 186 4. Concordia discors: Baldassarre Longhena and the Ospedaletto Façade 190 5. The Ospedaletto and the Pesaro Monument: Dichotomies or Correspondences? ........................................................................................ 195 6. Negligentia diligens ................................................................................ 198 7. The Architecture of the Ospedaletto ................................................... 204 8. The Figures of Paradox ....................................................................... 209 Chapter Five Antonio Gaspari’s Designs for Doge Francesco Morosini .... 215 1. Antonio Gaspari’s Designs for Santo Stefano ....................................... 219 2. The Reconstruction of San Vidal ......................................................... 235 3. Sebastiano Serlio and the Theory of Rustication ................................ 237 4. The Iconography of Antonio Gaspari’s First Design for San Vidal .... 243 5. Antonio Gaspari’s Second and Third Designs for San Vidal .............. 255 Chapter Six The Mausoleum of the Valier Family ..................................... 270 ii 1. Antonio Gaspari’s Designs for the Mausoleum of the Valier Family .. 275 2. The Venetian Republican Ethos and Celebratory Rhetoric in Andrea Tirali’s Mausoleum for the Valier Family .................................................. 285 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 302 Appendix One ................................................................................................. 313 Two Redactions of Emanuele Tesauro’s Funerary Eulogy in Memory of Doge Giovanni Pesaro ................................................................................. 313 Appendix Two ................................................................................................. 317 Giovanni Prati’s Panegyric Ekphrasis of the Pesaro Monument ............... 317 Appendix Three .............................................................................................. 323 Lorenzo Fondra’s Lyric Poem in Honour of Caterino Cornaro ................. 323 Bibliography .................................................................................................... 331 Volume 2: Illustrations iii Acknowledgements This research has been funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation and the History of Art Department at the University of Warwick. I wish to thank my supervisor, Lorenzo Pericolo, for his encouragement, feedback and constructive criticism during the development of this project. I also thank Matteo Casini, Dorit Raines, Giorgio Tagliaferro and Joris Van Gastel for their valuable advice, as well as Carlo Avilio, Leonardo Capano, Filippo De Vivo, Daniele Donnini, Gabriele Matino, Zuleika Murat, Benjamin Paul and Mo Saffarini for their help and suggestions in the early stages of this research. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to Kayoko Ichikawa and to my family for their constant support and encouragement. iv Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own work and that it has not been submitted for a degree at another university. A shorter version of Section 2 in Chapter One has been published in the conference proceedings of the ‘Architecture of Death’ symposium (London, Bloomsbury Baptist Church, 11 March 2016) as Stefano Colombo, ‘The Commemorative Monument to Doge Leonardo Loredan in Santi Giovanni e Paolo: Rethinking the Funerary Memory in Early Seventeenth-Century Venice’, Mausolus, Summer Bulletin (2016), pp. 23-29 (offprint attached at the end of the thesis). v Abstract This thesis investigates seventeenth-century Venetian funerary monuments as representing the Republic’s celebrative imagery. Going beyond the traditional interpretation of these monuments as a display of funerary memory, a series of case studies provided in six chapters examines them as rhetorical devices which celebrated Venice and instilled subtle forms of its republican propaganda. Chapter One focuses on early seventeenth-century ducal monuments and the republican ethos, scrutinising their function as ideological instruments which asserted the grandeur of Venice through their celebration of the doges. Chapter Two analyses the architectural and visual sources of the monument to Doge Giovanni Pesaro, a crucial model for later funerary monuments, focusing on the interaction between sculpture, architecture and the viewer.