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An Investigation Into Chemical Parameters of Water of Dhaleswari An Investigation into Chemical Parameters of Water of Dhaleswari - A River alongside Tannery Village of Bangladesh Sarmin Akter1, Kamrujjaman2, Rashed-Ul-Islam3,Badhan Saha4 1Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3Institute of Leather Engineering & Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1209 4Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka Abstract: This investigation attempts to assess the chemical parameter of water of Dhaleshwari river Savar, Dhaka alongside the newly constructed tannery village of Bangladesh. The chemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Salinity are determined. The result reveals that the pH of water collected at different points and at different times of year were ranges from 7.60 to 6.50. EC of water collected at different points and at different times of year were ranges from11.80 µS/cm to 2080 µS/cm. The average value of DO at spot-1 was 4.79166±3.23 mg/l. Spot-2 showed average DO about 6.571667±1.47 mg/l. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of water collected at different points and at different times of year ranges from 1.13 to 17.1 mg/l. Throughout the study period the monthly value of COD were within the range of 218.12mg/L (as minimum value) to 1276.6 mg/L (maximum value). In the study area Salinity of water collected at different points and at different times of year ranged from 0 (minimum) to 0.1 (maximum). Keywords: Water Quality, Chemical Parameter, COD, BOD, Electrical Conductivity, Dhaleshwari River, Tannery Village 1. Introduction threat to the survival of aquatic species. The rivers of Bangladesh is a riverine country. The rivers are the Bangladesh are the worse victim of pollution, lifeline of this country. It’s economic growth and especially the rivers which stands in the developments are highly influenced by river water neighborhood of the Dhaka city is being polluted and in terms of quality, the river water of the country tremendously. is unprotected from untreated industrial effluents and municipal waste water, runoff pollution from Savar is one of the largest industrial zones near chemical fertilizers and pesticides and oil lube Dhaka in Bangladesh. Dhaka Export Processing Zone spillage in the coastal area from the operation of sea (DEPZ) is an industrial area located at Savar in which and river ports [1]–[4]. Rivers also provide fish, an about 86 industries already exist. These industries important source of protein. Flooding of the rivers generate a large amount of effluent every day and during the monsoon season causes enormous discharge into the adjacent irrigation channels and hardship and hinders development, but fresh deposits wetlands which finally pass into the adjacent river of rich silt replenish the fertile but overworked soil [10]–[12]. The process of relocating tanneries from [5]. The rivers also drain excess monsoon rainfall the city’s Hazaribagh area to the tannery village, into the Bay of Bengal. Thus, the great river system Horindhora, Savar adjacent to Dhaleswari river has is at the same time the country’s principal resource been completed in the year 2017. Establishment of and its greatest hazard. infrastructure at the 200 acre tannery estate has been completed. About 72 factories have already started Like many other counties of the world, river pollution working at the Savar tannery estate, the rest of the in Bangladesh is a burning issue. Abundant research factories are under construction and they will be able has carried out and many recommendations have to start their factories within a short time. In this been forwarded to protect the rivers from pollution tannery estate a central effluent treatment plant (ETP) [6]–[9]. Water pollution is exceeding the limit in has been set up but it is not fully functional from the most of the water sources, and has become a great very beginning [13], [14]. With such a major effluent This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. Publication rights with Alkhaer Publications. Published at: http://www.ijsciences.com/pub/issue/2019-05/ DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2073; Online ISSN: 2305-3925; Print ISSN: 2410-4477 Rashed-Ul-Islam (Correspondence) + An Investigation into Chemical Parameters of Water of Dhaleswari - A River alongside Tannery Village of Bangladesh treatment plant not working properly, the nearly (Downstreams of the river). The work would be the Dhaleswari river is feared to become vulnerable to reference work when the river would be severely pollution. Earlier, non-treated and toxic waste polluted after fully launching the newly constructed materials released from Hazaribagh tanneries into the tanneries in the tannery village. Moreover, now the nearby canals, finally flowing into the Buriganga status of physic-chemical status of water of the river, played havoc with a densely populated, Dhaleswari river is scanty or very few. So, sprawling area. A recurrence of the practice is set to considering all sorts of things the present study was spawn a terrible nightmare for the rural carried out to assess the water quality of the neighbourhood adjacent to the Savar Estate. In April Dhaleswari river with the following aim and 2017, the government shut 220 tannery industrial objectives: units at Hazaribagh and forced them to relocate to The main objectives of this study are given below: Savar. The number of the tanneries of Hazaribagh 1. To determine the concentration of chemical was about 220 and they discharged some 21,600 parameters in surface water in order to cubic meters of liquid waste and 88 tons of solid determine the extent of pollution level at waste per day, posing a serious threat to the two points (upstream & downstream) of livelihood of some 1,00,000 people and prompting Dhaleswari river. observer us it to be on the brink of environmental 2. To assess the monthly variation of those digesters. So it doesn’t take much more effort to parameters. imagine that what would be future of the Horindhora 3. To predict a possible upcoming condition of and the river Dhaleswari. the river water in near future due to increasing pollution. Untreated wastes are thrown into the river as most of the industries have no Effluent Treatment Plant. 2. Sample collection According to an industrial survey conducted by During this study, water sample were collected from Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies (BCAS) in Dhaleshwari river to assess the chemical parameters 2009, only about 40% industries have ETPs. In 10% like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolve industries, ETPs are under construction and about Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), 50% industries have no ETP establishment. That is, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),and Salinity. more than 50% of waste generated by the industries Samples were collected monthly from the main eventually goes to the rivers untreated. While the stream of the river at its upstream (spot-1) and leather sector brought home hundreds of millions downstream (spot-2) from July 2013 to June 2014 in dollars in export earning over the decade, its plastic bottles of 500ml. During sampling they were pollution took its toll on the fish resource, the rinsed with fresh water three times then filled to the economic value of which had never been calculated. brim at a depth of 2ft below the surface water from the designated sampling points. Then the samples People living near the rivers, having no alternative, were labeled and transported to the laboratory, stored are forced to use polluted river water. Some also use in the refrigerator for analysis. the water because they are unaware of health risks. This causes spread of water borne and skin diseases. 3. Chemical factors Solid waste and different effluents dumped into the The total number six chemical factors were measured rivers make it difficult for fishes and other sub- during this investigation. The recorded data on these aquatic organism to live. When solid waste and chemical factors are briefly presented below. effluents run into the river, the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the water rises, creating oxygen 3.1. Hidrogen Ion Concentration (pH) crisis for the sub aqueous life. As the Dissolved In the study area pH of water collected at different Oxygen (DO) content of the river water is decreased points and at different times of year ranged from 6.50 below the critical level of four milligram per liter it is (minimum) to 8.81 (maximum). The pH of water was posing threats to bio-diversity in and around the slightly high from November to April but the highest rivers. Moreover, due to river encroachment and pH value found during the month of March (pH = dumping of solid waste into the rivers the rivers are 7.60) at Spot-1. losing their natural flow. The pH of water was slightly low during wet season In this study an attempt was made to assess the water from June to October and the lowest pH value found quality of Dhaleswari river with some physico- during the month of June (pH = 6.50) at Spot-2 (See chemical parameters at two points namely; Nayarhat Figure 1) (upstreams of the river) & Horindhora at Hemayetpur Volume 8 – May 2019 (05) http://www.ijSciences.com 160 An Investigation into Chemical Parameters of Water of Dhaleswari - A River alongside Tannery Village of Bangladesh Figure 1. Monthly variation in pH of Dhaleshwari river at two different spots 3.2 Electrical Conductivity (EC) water recorded during the month of March (EC = EC of water collected at different points and at 2080µS/cm) then the value suddenly falls at a different times of year were ranges from 11.80 µS/cm remarkable level.
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