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Bangladesh Power System Enhancement and Efficiency Improvement Project (RRP BAN 49423)

Initial Environmental Examination

March 2017

Bangladesh: Bangladesh Power System Enhancement and Efficiency Improvement Project

Prepared by Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Limited (PGCBL) and Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board (BREB), Government of Bangladesh for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.:

Initial Environmental Examination Bangladesh: Bangladesh Power System Enhancement and Efficiency Improvement Project (Component 1: Transmission System Development in Southern Bangladesh)

Prepared by Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Limited (PGCBL), Government of Bangladesh for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(as of 22 September 2016)
Currency unit
Tk.1.00

–

==
Taka (Tk) USD0.01276

  • Tk. 78.325
  • USD1.00

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use”

section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Abbreviations

ADB AEZ AIS
Asian Development Bank Agro-ecological Zone Air Insulated Switchgear
BBS BEZ BMD BOD BREB BWDB CEGIS CITES COD DAE DC
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Bio-ecological Zone Bangladesh Meteorological Department Biochemical Oxygen Demand Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board Bangladesh Water Development Board Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services Convention on International Trade in endangered species Chemical Oxygen Demand Department of Agricultural Extension Deputy Commissioner
DEPC DESCO DG
Department of Environmental Pollution Control Dhaka Electric Supply Company Director General

  • DIA
  • Direct Impact Area

  • DO
  • Dissolved Oxygen

DoE DoF
Department of Environment Department of Fisheries

  • DoL
  • Department of Livestock

  • EA
  • Executing Agency

  • EC
  • Electrical Conductivity

ECA ECR
Environment Conservation Act Environment Conservation Rules

i

  • EIA
  • Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmental Management Plan Environment Quality Standards Food and Agriculture Organization Forest Department
EMP EQS FAO FD FGD FIDC FRSS GIA
Focused Group Discussion Forest Industries Development Corporation Fisheries Resources Survey System General Impact Area

  • GIS
  • Geographic Information Systems

Grievance Redress Committee Grievance Redress Mechanism Grid Substation
GRC GRM GS GoB HES HH/HHs HYV IA
Government of Bangladesh Health Environment and Safety Households High Yielding Variety Implementing Agency

  • IEE
  • Initial Environmental Examination

Important Environmental and Social Component Implementing NGO Agency
IESC INGO IUCN LGRC JICA MDG MoEF MoU
International Union for Conservation for Nature Local Level Grievous Redress Committee Japan International Cooperation Agency Millennium Development Goal Ministry of Environment and Forest Memorandum of Understanding

ii

MPEMR NCA NCS NEMAP NG3
Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources Net Cultivated Area National Conservation Strategy National Environment Management Action Plan National Grid 3
NGO NoC
Non-Governmental Organization No Objection Certificate
OMS PAPs PBS
Operation Management System Project Affected People (s) Palli Bidyut Samiti
PCM PMU PGCB PGRC PPE

People’s Consultation Meeting

Project Management Unit Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. Project Level Grievous Redress Committee Personal Protection Equipment

  • Public Works Department
  • PWD

  • RP
  • Resettlement Plan

RCC RoW RRA RS
Reinforced Cement Concrete Right of Way Rapid Rural Appraisal Remote Sensing
SCADA SPM SPS
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Suspended Particulate Matter Safeguard Policy Statement Soil Resources Development Institute Shallow Tube Well
SRDI STW

  • ToR
  • Terms of Reference

iii

  • TL
  • Transmission Line

TSP UP
Triple Super Phosphate Union Prishad

  • UNCED
  • United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

UNDP WB
United Nations Development Programme World Bank

iv

Weights and Measures

  • oC
  • -
  • degree Celsius

decibel acoustic hectare dB(A) -

  • ha
  • -

--km km/h kg kilometer kilometer per hour kilogram kV mkilo Volt
--meter

m3

cubic meter

  • m3/hr -
  • cubic meters per hour

milligrams per liter milimeter mg/l mm m/s MT
-

  • -
  • meters per second

metric ton
MW ppm ppt
---megawatt parts per million parts per thousand Square kilometer Taka sq/km -

  • Tk
  • -

μg/m3 -

microgram per cubic meter

v

Glossary

Adverse Impact: An impact that is considered undesirable.

Ambient Air: Surrounding air.

Aquatic: Growing or living in or near water.

Bangla: Bengali language.

Baseline (or existing) Conditions: The ‘baseline’ essentially comprises the factual

understanding and interpretation of existing environmental, social and health conditions of where the business activity is proposed. Understanding the baseline shall also include those trends present within it, and especially how changes could occur regardless of the presence

of the Project, i.e. the ‘No-development Option’.

Bazar: Market.

Beel: A ‘back swamp’ or depression can be either perennial or seasonal.

Beneficial Impacts: Impacts, which are considered to be desirable and useful. Biological Diversity: The variety of life forms, the different plants, animals and micro organisms, genes they contain and the ecosystems they form. It is usually considered at three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecological diversity.

Char: Newly accreted land: Land, sometimes islands, within main river channels and nearby mainland or in the estuary, subject to erosion and accretion.

Ecosystem: A dynamic complex of plant, animal, fungal and microorganism communities and associated non-living environment interacting as an ecological unit.

vi

Emission: The total amount of solid, liquid or gaseous pollutant emitted into the atmosphere from a given source within a given time, as indicated, for e.g., in grams per cubic meter of gas or by a relative measure, upon discharge from the source.

Endangered Species: Species in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the existing conditions continue to operate. Included among those are species whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to suffer from immediate danger of extinction.

Environmental Effects: The measurable changes, in the natural system of productivity and environmental quality, resulting from a development activity

Environmental Impact: An estimate or judgment of the significance and value of environmental effects for natural, socio-economic and human receptors.

Environment Management Plan (EMP): A plan to undertake an array of follow-up activities which provide for the sound environmental management of a project/ intervention so that adverse environmental impacts are minimized and mitigated; beneficial environmental effects are maximized; and sustainable development is ensured.

Environmental Management: Managing the productive use of natural resources without reducing their productivity and quality.

Erosion: Process in which wind and water removes materials from their original place; for instance, soil washed away from an agricultural field.

Evaluation: The process of looking back at what has been really done or accomplished. Fauna: A collective term denoting the animals occurring in a particular region or period. Field Reconnaissance: A field activity that confirms the information gathered through secondary sources. This field study is essentially a rapid appraisal.

Flora: All of the plants found in a given area.

vii

Habitat: The natural home or environment for a plant or animal. Household: A household is identified as a dwelling unit where one or more persons live and eat together with common cooking arrangement. Persons living in the same dwelling unit having separate cooking arrangements constitute separate households.

Important Environmental Component (IEC): These are environmental components of

biophysical or socio-economic importance to one or more interested parties. The use of important environmental components helps to focus the environmental assessment.

Khal: Small channel, canal.

Land Use: Types include agriculture, horticulture, settlement, pisciculture and industries Mauza: A Bangla word for the smallest government administrative area corresponding to village revenue unit.

Mitigation: An action, which may prevent or minimize adverse impacts and enhance beneficial impacts.

Negative Impact: Negative change from the existing situation due to the Project. Project: The Project includes all work related to; (i) construction of 174 km long AminbazarMaowa-Mongla 400 kV double circuit transmission line, and (ii) augmentation of the Aminbazaar grid substation with 3 x 520 MVA transformers to receive power from the Aminbazar-Maowa-Mongla transmission line.

Public Involvement / Public Consultation: A range of techniques that can be used to

inform, consult or interact with stakeholders affected / to be affected by a proposal. Reversible Impact: An environmental impact that recovers either through natural process or with human assistance (e.g. cutting off fish migration by an embankment might be reversible at a later stage if a proper regulator is built).

viii

Stakeholders: Those who may be potentially affected by a proposal, e.g. local people, the proponent, government agencies, NGOs, donors and others, all parties who may be affected by the Project or to take an interest in it.

Taka: Unit of Bangladeshi currency.

Terrestrial: Living on land.

Thana: Sub-district level of government administration, comprising several unions under district.

Union: Smallest unit of local self government comprising several villages. Upazila: Sub-district name. Upozila introduced in 1982. Zila: Bengali word for district.

NOTE

  • (i)
  • In this report, "USD" refers to US dollars.

ix

Table of Contents

Weights and Measures ................................................................................. v Glossary..................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ........................................................................................ x List of Tables ............................................................................................ xv List of Figures .......................................................................................... xvi List of Maps............................................................................................. xvii List of Appendix ..................................................................................... xviii Executive Summary .................................................................................. xix Chapter 1 Introduction and Methodology...................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the Study .....................................................................................1 1.2 Project Activities..................................................................................................2 1.3 Objectives of the Project......................................................................................4 1.4 Scope of Work.....................................................................................................5 1.5 Objectives of the IEE study .................................................................................5 1.6 Study Area ..........................................................................................................6 1.7 Methodology........................................................................................................8 1.8 Structure of the Report ........................................................................................9

Chapter 2 Policy and Legislations .............................................................. 11

2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................11 2.2 Organization Related with Enforcement of Environmental Standards................14
2.2.1 Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF).............................................14 2.2.2 Department of Environment (DoE)...........................................................14 2.2.3 Forest Department...................................................................................15 2.2.4 Related Other Organizations....................................................................15

2.3 National Policies and Legislation Relevant to Environment ...................................15 2.4 Other Relevant Acts Related to Environment......................................................15

x

2.4.1 The Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Order (1973; amended to Act in 1974)
................................................................................................................15
2.4.2 The National Forest Policy (1994)............................................................15

2.5 Policy Related with Energy Development.............................................................16
2.5.1 The Electricity Act, 1910 and Electricity Rules 1937.................................16 2.5.2 The Telegraph Act (1885) ........................................................................16 2.5.3 The Power Policy, 1995 ...........................................................................16 2.5.4 The Energy Policy (1996 updated 2004)...................................................16 2.5.5 The Industrial Policy (1999) ......................................................................17

2.6 Compliance with International Requirements.....................................................17
2.6.1 Rio Declaration ........................................................................................17 2.6.2 Convention on Biological Diversity, (1992)...............................................17 2.6.3 Wetlands of International Importance as Waterfowl Habitat, (1971).........17 2.6.4 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ..18 2.6.5 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, (1982) ..................18 2.6.6 Others (Conventions and Agreements)....................................................18

2.7 Compliance with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 .................................19 2.8 ADB’s Environment Safeguard Requirements- Policy Principles .......................19

2.9 Compliance with PGCB Health Environment and Safety (HES) Requirements..20 2.10 Building Construction (Amendment) Act, 1990 & Rules 1996 ............................21 2.11 Rules and Policies in Related Fields..................................................................22

Chapter 3 Description of the Project .......................................................... 24

3.1 Background of the Project .................................................................................24 3.2 Project Category................................................................................................24 3.3 Project Location.................................................................................................25 3.4 Physical Features of the Transmission Line and Towers...................................25 3.5 The Aminbazar Grid Substation.........................................................................28 3.6 Components of Construction Works ..................................................................30 3.7 Construction Equipment ....................................................................................31 3.8 Civil Construction Works ...................................................................................31
3.8.1 Back-filling of Grid Substation Sites .........................................................31 3.8.2 Earth Work in Foundations.......................................................................31 3.8.3 Foundation Treatment..............................................................................31 3.8.4 Back Filling with Local Sand ....................................................................32 3.8.5 RCC Work................................................................................................32 3.8.6 Brick Work up to Plinth Level and Superstructure ....................................32 3.8.7 Plastering and Finishing...........................................................................32 3.8.8 Wood Works/Aluminum, Windows and Glass Fittings..............................32

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  • An Investigation Into Chemical Parameters of Water of Dhaleswari

    An Investigation Into Chemical Parameters of Water of Dhaleswari

    An Investigation into Chemical Parameters of Water of Dhaleswari - A River alongside Tannery Village of Bangladesh Sarmin Akter1, Kamrujjaman2, Rashed-Ul-Islam3,Badhan Saha4 1Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3Institute of Leather Engineering & Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1209 4Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka Abstract: This investigation attempts to assess the chemical parameter of water of Dhaleshwari river Savar, Dhaka alongside the newly constructed tannery village of Bangladesh. The chemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Salinity are determined. The result reveals that the pH of water collected at different points and at different times of year were ranges from 7.60 to 6.50. EC of water collected at different points and at different times of year were ranges from11.80 µS/cm to 2080 µS/cm. The average value of DO at spot-1 was 4.79166±3.23 mg/l. Spot-2 showed average DO about 6.571667±1.47 mg/l. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of water collected at different points and at different times of year ranges from 1.13 to 17.1 mg/l. Throughout the study period the monthly value of COD were within the range of 218.12mg/L (as minimum value) to 1276.6 mg/L (maximum value). In the study area Salinity of water collected at different points and at different times of year ranged from 0 (minimum) to 0.1 (maximum). Keywords: Water Quality, Chemical Parameter, COD, BOD, Electrical Conductivity, Dhaleshwari River, Tannery Village 1.
  • Assessment of Water Quality and Microbial Load of Dhaleshwari River Tangail, Bangladesh

    Assessment of Water Quality and Microbial Load of Dhaleshwari River Tangail, Bangladesh

    Advances in Microbiology, 2017, 7, 523-533 http://www.scirp.org/journal/aim ISSN Online: 2165-3410 ISSN Print: 2165-3402 Assessment of Water Quality and Microbial Load of Dhaleshwari River Tangail, Bangladesh Md. Khalid Hassan Real1, Natasha Khanam1, Md. Younus Mia1*, Marufa Nasreen2 1Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh 2Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh How to cite this paper: Real, Md.K.H., Abstract Khanam, N., Mia, Md.Y. and Nasreen, M. (2017) Assessment of Water Quality and The present study was undertaken to investigate some water quality parame- Microbial Load of Dhaleshwari River Tan- 3− ters (pH, BOD, DO and water temperature), anion concentration ( PO4 , gail, Bangladesh. Advances in Microbiolo- 2− − gy, 7, 523-533. SO4 and NO3 ) and the availability of some selected microorganisms con- https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2017.76041 sisted of total coliform, fecal coliform (Escherichia coli) and Vibrio cholerae in the Dhaleshwari river during the period from April to June 2015. The water Received: May 8, 2017 Accepted: June 23, 2017 samples were collected from three different stations of the river namely Belta Published: June 26, 2017 (St-1), Kendua (St-2) and Charabari (St-3) under the Porabari union at Tan- gail Sadar Upazilla. Water temperature varied from 29.5˚C in June to 31.7˚C Copyright © 2017 by authors and in May with a highest mean 31.17 ± 0.47 in May. The pH of water was slightly Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
  • Seasonal Variation of Physicochemical Properties of Water in the Buriganga River, Bangladesh

    Seasonal Variation of Physicochemical Properties of Water in the Buriganga River, Bangladesh

    World Applied Sciences Journal 34 (1): 24-34, 2016 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2016 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2016.34.1.22871 Seasonal Variation of Physicochemical Properties of Water in the Buriganga River, Bangladesh 1Md. Galal Uddin, 2Md. Moniruzzaman, 2,3Muhammad Al-Amin Hoque, 11Md.Abu Hasan and Mala Khan 1Designated Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements (DriCM) Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Science Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2Department of Geography and Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh 3School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia Abstract: The present study was lead within the Postogala Bridge to Amin Bazar Bridge of Buriganga River, Bangladesh to evaluate the water quality in the context of physical and chemical properties. Nine water quality parameters were monitored at nine stations during the winter and the rainy season within 2012-2013. The physico-chemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, TDS, Total TSS, Eh, DO, BOD, COD, Chloride (Cl- ) were tested as per EPA standard methods. A few parameters were found around DoE standard such as Temperature, pH, TDS etc. The water was found slightly alkali as the pH was above 7 in both season. The DO level is higher in the rainy season (5.50 mg/L) than the winter (2.88 mg/L). The BOD level in the winter (0.64 mg/L) is lower than that of the rainy season (1.97 mg/L); whereas COD (265.33 mg/L in the winter) was much higher than the BOD level that means the sample could be visualized as toxic.