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Atmospheric Fate of a Series of Methyl Saturated Alcohols
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-662 Preprint. Discussion started: 9 August 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Atmospheric fate of a series of Methyl Saturated Alcohols 2 (MSA): Kinetic and Mechanistic study 3 Inmaculada Colmenar1,2, Pilar Martin1,2, Beatriz Cabañas1,2, Sagrario Salgado1,2, Araceli 4 Tapia1,2, Inmaculada Aranda1,2 5 1Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías 6 Químicas, Avda. Camilo José Cela S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain 7 2Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Instituto de Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Camino 8 Moledores S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain 9 Correspondence to: Pilar Martín ([email protected]) 10 Abstract. The atmospheric fate of a series of Methyl Saturated Alcohols (MSA) has been evaluated through the 11 kinetic and reaction product studies with the main atmospheric oxidants. Rate coefficients (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1 12 unit) measured at 298K and atmospheric pressure ( 740 Torr) were as follows: (3.71 ± 0.53) × 10-10, (1.91 ± -11 -15 13 0.65) × 10 and (2.92 ± 1.38) × 10 for reaction of E-4-methyl-cyclohexanol with Cl, OH and NO3, respectively. 14 (2.70 ± 0.55) × 10-10 and (5.57 ± 0.66) × 10-12 for reaction of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol with Cl and OH radical 15 respectively and (1.21 ± 0.37) × 10-10 and (10.51 ± 0.81) × 10-12 for reaction of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol with Cl 16 and OH radical respectively. The main detected products were 4-methylcyclohexanone, 3,3-dimethylbutanal and 17 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone for the reactions of E-4-methyl-cyclohexanol, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol and 3,3-dimethyl- 18 2-butanol respectively with the three oxidants. -
Safety Data Sheet
SAFETY DATA SHEET Revision Date 14-Feb-2020 Revision Number 2 1. Identification Product Name 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol Cat No. : 43725 CAS-No 464-07-3 Synonyms Pinacolyl Alcohol.; Tert-Butyl Methyl Carbinol Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. Uses advised against Food, drug, pesticide or biocidal product use. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company Alfa Aesar Thermo Fisher Scientific Chemicals, Inc. 30 Bond Street Ward Hill, MA 01835-8099 Tel: 800-343-0660 Fax: 800-322-4757 Email: [email protected] www.alfa.com Emergency Telephone Number During normal business hours (Monday-Friday, 8am-7pm EST), call (800) 343-0660. After normal business hours, call Carechem 24 at (866) 928-0789. 2. Hazard(s) identification Classification This chemical is considered hazardous by the 2012 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) Flammable liquids Category 3 Label Elements Signal Word Warning Hazard Statements Flammable liquid and vapor ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 1 / 7 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol Revision Date 14-Feb-2020 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Precautionary Statements Prevention Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking Keep container tightly closed Ground/bond container and receiving equipment Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment Use only non-sparking tools Take precautionary measures against static discharge Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection Skin IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower Fire In case of fire: Use CO2, dry chemical, or foam for extinction Storage Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool Disposal Dispose of contents/container to an approved waste disposal plant Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) None identified 3. -
VX Binary (VX2) – Developed by the US • Novichok Agent
THE FOUR LIKELY BINARY AGENTS Working paper Charles P. Blair Last Updated, January 2013 Binary sarin (GB2) – developed by the U.S. Binary soman (GD2) VX binary (VX2) – developed by the U.S Novichok agent (“New Comer) –developed by the Soviets Additionally, Eric Croddy has written that VNSAs may use “binarytype designs” in an attack…with simple designs most likely using common chemical ingredients (e . g. , c ya n id e . ) ” 1 Aum is an example o f t h is . 1. Binary sarin . With binary sarin (also referred to as “GB binary” and “GB2”) a forward container has methylphosphonic difluoride (DF), while a second, rear container has an isopropyl alcohol and isopropylamine solution (OPA). The DF resides in the munition prior to use. The OPA is added just prior to launch. After deployment of the weapon, the two canisters rupture, “the isopropyl amine binds to the hydrogen fluoride generated during the chemical reaction, and the chemical mixture produces GB.”2 Experts note that, “The final product of the weapon is of the same chemical structure as the original nerve agent. The term binary refers only to the storage and deployment method used, not to the chemical structure of the substance.”3 With regard to how long it takes the DF and OPA to mix before binary sarin is extant, Eric Croddy notes that, “as in any chemical reaction, a certain amount of time is required for the [binary] reaction to run its course. In the case of GB binary, this required about seven seconds.”4 2. Binary soman (also referred to as “GD binary” and “GD2”). -
Chemical Weapons Technology Section 4—Chemical Weapons Technology
SECTION IV CHEMICAL WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY SECTION 4—CHEMICAL WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY Scope Highlights 4.1 Chemical Material Production ........................................................II-4-8 4.2 Dissemination, Dispersion, and Weapons Testing ..........................II-4-22 • Chemical weapons (CW) are relatively inexpensive to produce. 4.3 Detection, Warning, and Identification...........................................II-4-27 • CW can affect opposing forces without damaging infrastructure. 4.4 Chemical Defense Systems ............................................................II-4-34 • CW can be psychologically devastating. • Blister agents create casualties requiring attention and inhibiting BACKGROUND force efficiency. • Defensive measures can be taken to negate the effect of CW. Chemical weapons are defined as weapons using the toxic properties of chemi- • Donning of protective gear reduces combat efficiency of troops. cal substances rather than their explosive properties to produce physical or physiologi- • Key to employment is dissemination and dispersion of agents. cal effects on an enemy. Although instances of what might be styled as chemical weapons date to antiquity, much of the lore of chemical weapons as viewed today has • CW are highly susceptible to environmental effects (temperature, its origins in World War I. During that conflict “gas” (actually an aerosol or vapor) winds). was used effectively on numerous occasions by both sides to alter the outcome of • Offensive use of CW complicates command and control and battles. A significant number of battlefield casualties were sustained. The Geneva logistics problems. Protocol, prohibiting use of chemical weapons in warfare, was signed in 1925. Sev- eral nations, the United States included, signed with a reservation forswearing only the first use of the weapons and reserved the right to retaliate in kind if chemical weapons were used against them. -
Atmospheric Fate of a Series of Methyl Saturated Alcohols (MSA)
1 Atmospheric fate of a series of Methyl Saturated Alcohols 2 (MSA): kinetic and mechanistic study 3 Inmaculada Colmenar1,2, Pilar Martin1,2, Beatriz Cabañas1,2, Sagrario Salgado1,2, Araceli 4 Tapia1,2, Inmaculada Aranda1,2 5 1Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías 6 Químicas, Avda. Camilo José Cela S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain 7 2Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Instituto de Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Camino 8 Moledores S/N, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain 9 Correspondence to: Pilar Martín ([email protected]) 10 Keywords. Methyl saturated alcohols; additives; biofuel; atmospheric reactivity. 11 Abstract. The atmospheric fate of a series of Methyl Saturated Alcohols (MSA) has been evaluated through the 12 kinetic and reaction product studies with the main atmospheric oxidants. Rate coefficients (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1 13 unit) measured at 298K and atmospheric pressure (720 20 Torr) were as follows: k1 (E-4-methyl-cyclohexanol -10 -11 14 + Cl) = (3.70 ± 0.16) × 10 , k2 (E-4-methyl-cyclohexanol + OH) = (1.87 ± 0.14) × 10 , k3 (E-4-methyl- -15 -10 15 cyclohexanol + NO3) = (2.69 ± 0.37) × 10 , k4 (3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol + Cl) = (2.69 ± 0.16) × 10 , k5 (3,3- -12 -10 16 dimethyl-1-butanol + OH) = (5.33 ± 0.16) × 10 , k6 (3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol + Cl) = (1.21 ± 0.07) × 10 and k7 17 (3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol + OH) = (10.50 ± 0.25) × 10-12. The main detected products were 4-methylcyclohexanone, 18 3,3-dimethylbutanal and 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone for the reactions of E-4-methyl-cyclohexanol, 3,3-dimethyl-1- 19 butanol and 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol respectively with the three oxidants. -
Chemical Properties of Alcohol
Chemical Properties Of Alcohol Vertebrate and proofed Upton intervolving her workforce grips while Lennie bollockses some dinners fretfully. Sax often gaups equivocally when lascivious Wojciech steeve bounteously and repackaging her prolusions. Point-device Dryke peeved haggardly, he instruments his number very epigrammatically. Please try creating drinks, gasoline and chemical properties of alcohol molecules make up with two glycols, but it is a liquid and ketones are colourless liquids and rums frequently find and friendly and affect a flammable An alcohol dehydrogenase is crucial for chemical properties? In coming an alcohol is any organic compound area which a hydroxyl group OH. It to the properties of chemical properties are only carbon chain to an ether functional group are named and the urine or in these? Isopropyl alcohol is widely used in industry saying a solvent for paints and chemical. Larger aldehydes and the ketones are liquids, with boiling points rising as the molecules get bigger. Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment 3. Physical Properties of Alcohol Hydrogen Bonding Solubility. So alcohols that good stable carbocations will react faster than alcohols that attribute less stable carbocations. Ethanol, on the step hand, is largely transported by rail, supplemented by utter and minimal pipeline transportation. Why alcohols are one hydroxyl group has been for alcohol reacts with properties, phenols differ from evaporation times, thinking it work, we rely on cancer. What Is Ethanol Fuel? Physical and Chemical Properties of Alcohols Concepts. The zinc chloride coordinates to the hydroxyl oxygen to generate an excellent for group. For example 1propanol is a 1 alcohol 2propanol is a 2 alcohol and 2methyl2propanol is a 3 alcohol Physical properties Alcohols contain mercury a polar. -
Table 4: Protective Action Criteria (PAC) Rev. 29 Based on Applicable
Table 4: Protective Action Criteria (PAC) Rev. 29a based on applicable 60-minute AEGLs, ERPGs, or TEELs. The chemicals are 3 listed in alphabetical order and the values are presented in mg/m . June 2018 Table 4 is an alphabetical list of the chemical substances and their corresponding PAC values in mass per unit volume (mg/m3). The conversion of ppm to mg/m3 was carried out assuming normal temperature and pressure, 25°C and 760 mm Hg. The columns presented in Table 4 provide the following information: Heading Definition No. The ordered numbering of the chemicals as they appear in this alphabetical listing Chemical Name The name of the chemical substance submitted to the PAC development team CASRN The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number1 for this chemical PAC-1 Based on the applicable AEGL-1, ERPG-1, or TEEL-1 value PAC-2 Based on the applicable AEGL-2, ERPG-2, or TEEL-2 value PAC-3 Based on the applicable AEGL-3, ERPG-3, or TEEL-3 value Chemicals for which AEGLs are available have their chemical name, CASRN, and AEGL values displayed in a bolded and larger font. Chemicals for which ERPGs are available, but not AEGLs, have their chemical name, CASRN, and ERPG values displayed in a bolded font. Chemicals for which TEELs are available, but no AEGLs or ERPGs, have their chemical name, CASRN, and values displayed using a regular font. Additional information on PAC values and TEEL values and links to other sources of information is provided on the Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Actions (SCAPA) webpage at http://orise.orau.gov/emi/scapa/default.htm. -
450 Part 770—Interpretations
Pt. 770 15 CFR Ch. VII (1±1±98 Edition) (xii) Evidence of the reputation of the for- identity as a bearing. In this scenario, eign item including, if possible, information the machine or segment of machinery on maintenance, repair, performance, and containing the bearing is the item sub- other pertinent factors. ject to export control requirements. SUPPLEMENT NO. 2 TO PART 768ÐITEMS (3) An anti-friction bearing or bear- ELIGIBLE FOR EXPEDITED LICENSING ing system not incorporated in a seg- PROCEDURES [RESERVED] ment of a machine prior to shipment, but shipped as a component of a com- PART 770ÐINTERPRETATIONS plete unassembled (knocked-down) ma- chine, is considered a component of a Sec. machine. In this scenario, the complete 770.1 Introduction. machine is the item subject to export 770.2 Commodity interpretations. license requirements. 770.3 Interpretations related to exports of (b) Interpretation 2: Classification of technology and software to destinations ``parts'' of machinery, equipment, or other in Country Group D:1. itemsÐ(1) An assembled machine or unit 770.4 Interpretations related to chemical mixturesÐde minimis exceptions exam- of equipment is being exported. In in- ples. stances where one or more assembled machines or units of equipment are AUTHORITY: 50 U.S.C. app. 2401 et seq.; 50 being exported, the individual compo- U.S.C. 1701 et seq.; E.O. 12924, 3 CFR, 1994 Comp., p. 917; Notice of August 15, 1995 (60 FR nent parts that are physically incor- 42767, August 17, 1995). porated into the machine or equipment do not require a license. The license or SOURCE: 61 FR 12920, Mar. -
PRISM Vol II Ii
PRISM Vol II ii This document was prepared by the Toxicology Research Group of the University of Hertfordshire and was funded with Federal funds from the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, under Contract No. HHSO100201500016C. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 license, which permits others to copy, distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, provided the original work is properly cited, not used for commercial purposes and distributed under the same license. Suggested format for citation: Chilcott RP, Larner J and Matar H (Eds), Primary Response Incident Scene Management: PRISM Guidance, Volume 1, Second Edition, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (2018). PRISM Vol II 2 Primary Response Incident Scene Management PRISM GUIDANCE – VOLUME 2 Second Edition PRISM Vol II 3 PRISM Incident Response Summary PRISM Vol II 4 Editors Robert P Chilcott BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, CBiol, ERT, FRSB, FRSC Joanne Larner BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, CChem, MRSC Hazem Matar BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, MRSC Main Contributors Robert P. Chilcott Joanne Larner Hazem Matar BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD Nevine Amer Mark Barrett Adam Durrant BSc(Hons), MRes BSc(Hons) BSc(Hons) Philip Hughes Philip Lees Devanya Mahalingam BSc(Hons) BSc, MSc Kate McCarty-Barnett Andreia Pinhal Samantha Rivers BS, MS, EdD BSc(Hons), MSc MSci Elliot Thomas Other Contributors Parivash Ashrafi Valeria Catalani Toni Jackson BSc(Hons), PhD BSc(Hons), MSc BSc(Hons), MSc Emma Jasper Neil Redding Joseph Reppucci BS, MS PRISM Vol II 5 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following individuals, groups and organizations for their assistance, support or participation in the preparation of this second edition: The Project Steering Group: Dr Judith Laney, Dr Efrain Garcia, Dr Sue Cibulsky, Dr Mark Kirk, Dr Charles A. -
Kintek Permeation Tubes
Betrouwbaar en nauwkeurig Gravimetrisch, gecertificeerd en NIST traceble. Compliance OSHA, ISO 9000, GMP, NIST: 5 jaar registratie Instrument performance validatie programma. Veiligheid De volumes van de tubes zijn fracties van druk gevulde gas cilinders en zijn gemaakt van een niet breekbare materiaal. Er zijn geen speciale transporten nodig. Kosten 1 tube vervangt 10 stuks 50 liter cilinders. Met 1 gas generator en 1 tube kan nagenoeg iedere standaard worden gemaakt. 1 Gas generator kan meerdere tubes bevatten (gas matrix). Vent FC 1 SERVICE MERGES QUALITY MERGES SERVICE Zero/ span FI FC 1 Zero 2 Gas in Metered Unmetered 491 MB Gas Standard Generator Span Pac I series •1000 ppm tot ppb niveau •On-line industriële uitvoering •Multi cal.standaards van één tube •Ex en GP uitvoering •Enkele oven •Laag ppb tot 1000 ppm •Geschikt voor zowel wegwerp als •Multi comp.mengsels (max 24 comp.) navulbare permiatie tubes. Portable als stationair te gebruiken Span Chek •Draagbare unit •0,1 tot 100 ppm •Concentratie range 3:1 491 M Modulair Gas Standaard Generator •Oplaadbare batterij voeding •Modulair systeem, basis: oven + 2x mass flow •Interne pomp (lucht) •Opties: •5x SRT of 4x SRT2 of 4x HRT tubes •Blending (hoge % direct uit cilinder) •Bevochtigingmodule •Uitbereiding met meerdere ovens Specialities: •Sub ppb tot 50% Span Pac H2O •100ppb tot 10 ppm TO-14 Complex Mengsel Generator •Max. 6 of 1 hervulbare tube •Modulair systeem: 6-30 ovens •240 componenten in droge Span Pac ATM en natte matrix. •Sporen O2, H2O en Co2 •Lage ppb tot 1000 ppm •<10 ppb tot 1000 ppm •Ontworpen voor prod.ontwikkeling en milieu studies Model 670C •Low cost, 6x HRT of 1 LFH/ULED tube Wegwerp en navulbare permiatie tubes SERVICE MERGES QUALITY MERGES SERVICE •Navulbaar: LFH en ULED (zeer lage concentraties) •Wegwerp: SRT Standard Rate Tubegemid.conc.voor comp.met hoge dampspanning (SO2, H2S, NH3) en zeer lage conc.voor comp.met lage dampspanning •SRT2: idem SRT echter tot 50°C •HRT: High Rate Tube •EL: Extra Lifetime Berekeningen Berekening van concentratie gasmengsels. -
1-S2.0-S0039914018303680-Main
Author’s Accepted Manuscript Advice on chemical weapons sample stability and storage provided by the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to increase investigative capabilities worldwide Christopher M. Timperley, Jonathan E. Forman, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abdullah Saeed Al-Amri, www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta Isel Pascual Alonso, Augustin Baulig, Veronica Borrett, Flerida A. Cariño, Christophe Curty, David González Berrutti, Zrinka Kovarik, Roberto Martínez-Álvarez, Robert Mikulak, Nicia Maria Fusaro Mourão, Ramasami Ponnadurai, Slawomir Neffe, Syed K. Raza, Valentin Rubaylo, Koji Takeuchi, Cheng Tang, Ferruccio Trifirò, Francois Mauritz van Straten, Paula S. Vanninen, Volodymyr Zaitsev, Farhat Waqar, Mongia Saïd Zina, Marc-Michael Blum, Hugh Gregg, Elena Fischer, Siqing Sun, Pei Yang PII: S0039-9140(18)30368-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.022 Reference: TAL18561 To appear in: Talanta Received date: 10 February 2018 Revised date: 3 April 2018 Accepted date: 7 April 2018 Cite this article as: Christopher M. Timperley, Jonathan E. Forman, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abdullah Saeed Al-Amri, Isel Pascual Alonso, Augustin Baulig, Veronica Borrett, Flerida A. Cariño, Christophe Curty, David González Berrutti, Zrinka Kovarik, Roberto Martínez-Álvarez, Robert Mikulak, Nicia Maria Fusaro Mourão, Ramasami Ponnadurai, Slawomir Neffe, Syed K. Raza, Valentin Rubaylo, Koji Takeuchi, Cheng Tang, Ferruccio Trifirò, Francois Mauritz van Straten, Paula S. Vanninen, Volodymyr Zaitsev, Farhat Waqar, Mongia Saïd Zina, Marc-Michael Blum, Hugh Gregg, Elena Fischer, Siqing Sun and Pei Yang, Advice on chemical weapons sample stability and storage provided by the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to increase investigative capabilities worldwide, Talanta, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.022 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. -
Department of National Defence Canadian Armed Forces Chemical Agent Sensors – Area Detection and Identification System
Department of National Defence Canadian Armed Forces Chemical Agent Sensors – Area Detection and Identification System Appendix AA1 to Annex A List of Chemicals for the Area Detection and Identification System (ADIS) Requisition Number: DND Document # W8476 – 145109 Date: 31 August 2018 Prepared by: CBRN Omnibus - PM Chemical Sensors National Defence Headquarters Major General George R. Pearkes Building Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K2 NOTICE This documentation has been reviewed by the technical authority and does not contain controlled goods. AVIS Cette documentation a été révisée par l’autorité technique et ne contient pas de marchandises contrôlées. Page 0 of 8 Department of National Defence Canadian Armed Forces Chemical Agent Sensors – Area Detection and Identification System Table A: List of Mandatory Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs): Physiological ID #: Chemical Agent Name CAS Number Physical State Requirement Type Effect 1 Cyclo-sarin (GF) 329-99-7 Nerve Liquid or Vapour Mandatory 2 Sarin (GB) 107-44-8 Nerve Liquid or Vapour Mandatory 3 Soman (GD) 96-64-0 Nerve Liquid or Vapour Mandatory 4 Tabun (GA) 77-81-6 Nerve Liquid or Vapour Mandatory 5 VX 50782-69-9 Nerve Liquid or Vapour Mandatory 6 Distilled Mustard (HD) 505-60-2 Vesicant Liquid or Vapour Mandatory 7 Lewisite (L) 541-25-3 Vesicant Liquid or Vapour Mandatory 8 Mustard-Lewisite mixture (HL) NA Vesicant Liquid or Vapour Non-mandatory 9 Nitrogen Mustard (HN-1) 538-07-8 Vesicant Liquid or Vapour Non-mandatory 10 Phosgene oxime 1794-86-1 Vesicant Liquid or Vapour Non-mandatory (dichloroformoxime)