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Sexual Selection Research on Spiders: Progress and Biases
Biol. Rev. (2005), 80, pp. 363–385. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 363 doi:10.1017/S1464793104006700 Printed in the United Kingdom Sexual selection research on spiders: progress and biases Bernhard A. Huber* Zoological Research Institute and Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany (Received 7 June 2004; revised 25 November 2004; accepted 29 November 2004) ABSTRACT The renaissance of interest in sexual selection during the last decades has fuelled an extraordinary increase of scientific papers on the subject in spiders. Research has focused both on the process of sexual selection itself, for example on the signals and various modalities involved, and on the patterns, that is the outcome of mate choice and competition depending on certain parameters. Sexual selection has most clearly been demonstrated in cases involving visual and acoustical signals but most spiders are myopic and mute, relying rather on vibrations, chemical and tactile stimuli. This review argues that research has been biased towards modalities that are relatively easily accessible to the human observer. Circumstantial and comparative evidence indicates that sexual selection working via substrate-borne vibrations and tactile as well as chemical stimuli may be common and widespread in spiders. Pattern-oriented research has focused on several phenomena for which spiders offer excellent model objects, like sexual size dimorphism, nuptial feeding, sexual cannibalism, and sperm competition. The accumulating evidence argues for a highly complex set of explanations for seemingly uniform patterns like size dimorphism and sexual cannibalism. Sexual selection appears involved as well as natural selection and mechanisms that are adaptive in other contexts only. Sperm competition has resulted in a plethora of morpho- logical and behavioural adaptations, and simplistic models like those linking reproductive morphology with behaviour and sperm priority patterns in a straightforward way are being replaced by complex models involving an array of parameters. -
Programa De Doutoramento Em Biologia ”Dinâmica Das
Universidade de Evora´ - Instituto de Investiga¸c~aoe Forma¸c~aoAvan¸cada Programa de Doutoramento em Biologia Tese de Doutoramento "Din^amicadas comunidades de grupos selecionados de artr´opodes terrestres nas ´areasemergentes da Barragem de Alqueva (Alentejo: Portugal) Rui Jorge Cegonho Raimundo Orientador(es) j Diogo Francisco Caeiro Figueiredo Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges Evora´ 2020 Universidade de Evora´ - Instituto de Investiga¸c~aoe Forma¸c~aoAvan¸cada Programa de Doutoramento em Biologia Tese de Doutoramento "Din^amicadas comunidades de grupos selecionados de artr´opodes terrestres nas ´areasemergentes da Barragem de Alqueva (Alentejo: Portugal) Rui Jorge Cegonho Raimundo Orientador(es) j Diogo Francisco Caeiro Figueiredo Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges Evora´ 2020 A tese de doutoramento foi objeto de aprecia¸c~aoe discuss~aop´ublicapelo seguinte j´urinomeado pelo Diretor do Instituto de Investiga¸c~aoe Forma¸c~ao Avan¸cada: Presidente j Luiz Carlos Gazarini (Universidade de Evora)´ Vogais j Am´aliaMaria Marques Espirid~aode Oliveira (Universidade de Evora)´ Artur Raposo Moniz Serrano (Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Ci^encias) Fernando Manuel de Campos Trindade Rei (Universidade de Evora)´ M´arioRui Canelas Boieiro (Universidade dos A¸cores) Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges (Universidade dos A¸cores) (Orientador) Pedro Segurado (Universidade T´ecnicade Lisboa - Instituto Superior de Agronomia) Evora´ 2020 IV Ilhas. Trago uma comigo in visível, um pedaço de matéria isolado e denso, que se deslocou numa catástrofe da idade média. Enquanto ilha, não carece de mar. Nem de nuvens passageiras. Enquanto fragmento, só outra catástrofe a devolveria ao corpo primitivo. Dora Neto V VI AGRADECIMENTOS Os momentos e decisões ao longo da vida tornaram-se pontos de inflexão que surgiram de um simples fascínio pelos invertebrados, reminiscência de infância passada na quinta dos avós maternos, para se tornar numa opção científica consubstanciada neste documento. -
Eusparassus Dufouri En Andere Jachtkrabspinnen (Araneae: Sparassidae) Getransporteerd Naar Nederland
58 entomologische berichten 77 (2) 2017 Eusparassus dufouri en andere jachtkrabspinnen (Araneae: Sparassidae) getransporteerd naar Nederland Jinze Noordijk Marc de Winkel TREFWOORDEN Adventieven, exoten, Micrommata ligurina, Middellandse Zeegebied, Olios argelasius Entomologische Berichten 77 (2): 58-61 De spinnenfamilie Sparassidae heeft in Nederland slechts één inheemse vertegenwoordiger. Daarnaast zijn er enkele adventieve soorten gemeld. In deze bijdrage voeren wij nieuwe geïmporteerde soorten op. Eusparassus dufouri is een grote, fraaie spin, afkomstig uit het mediterrane gebied. Het is een nachtactieve soort die door snel te rennen prooien overrompelt. In zowel 2014 als 2016 is een individu in Nederland gevonden en bij de auteurs van dit artikel terecht gekomen. Importen van Micrommata ligurina en Olios argelasius, die beide ook van oorsprong uit het Middellandse Zeegebied komen en eerder al op internet gemeld waren, worden hier ook kort behandeld. Jachtkrabspinnen Vondsten van Eusparassus dufouri Jachtkrabspinnen, Sparassidae, vormen een familie met bijna In zowel 2014 als 2016 zijn exemplaren van Eusparassus dufouri duizend soorten die met name in de tropen en subtropen voor- in ons land gevonden. Het eerste dier liep rond in een huis; hoe komen, onder andere veel in woestijn- en rotsachtige biotopen hij daar is gekomen kon niet achterhaald worden. Het tweede (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006, Murphy & Roberts 2015). exemplaar werd levend gevonden in een camper; de eigena- Alleen het genus Micrommata komt ook in gematigde streken ren ervan waren er vier maanden ervoor mee in Zuid-Spanje voor: het Palearctische gebied. geweest. In Nederland kennen we één inheemse jachtkrabspin: Materiaal 1 volwassen / (figuur 1), 12.xii.2014, Arnhem-Zuid Micrommata virescens (Clerck), een soort die op lage planten in (Gelderland, AC 186-441), levend in huis, leg. -
Arachnides 88
ARACHNIDES BULLETIN DE TERRARIOPHILIE ET DE RECHERCHES DE L’A.P.C.I. (Association Pour la Connaissance des Invertébrés) 88 2019 Arachnides, 2019, 88 NOUVEAUX TAXA DE SCORPIONS POUR 2018 G. DUPRE Nouveaux genres et nouvelles espèces. BOTHRIURIDAE (5 espèces nouvelles) Brachistosternus gayi Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Chili) Brachistosternus philippii Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Chili) Brachistosternus misti Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Pérou) Brachistosternus contisuyu Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Pérou) Brachistosternus anandrovestigia Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Pérou) BUTHIDAE (2 genres nouveaux, 41 espèces nouvelles) Anomalobuthus krivotchatskyi Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018 (Ouzbékistan, Kazakhstan) Anomalobuthus lowei Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018 (Kazakhstan) Anomalobuthus pavlovskyi Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018 (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan) Ananteris kalina Ythier, 2018b (Guyane) Barbaracurus Kovarik, Lowe & St'ahlavsky, 2018a Barbaracurus winklerorum Kovarik, Lowe & St'ahlavsky, 2018a (Oman) Barbaracurus yemenensis Kovarik, Lowe & St'ahlavsky, 2018a (Yémen) Butheolus harrisoni Lowe, 2018 (Oman) Buthus boussaadi Lourenço, Chichi & Sadine, 2018 (Algérie) Compsobuthus air Lourenço & Rossi, 2018 (Niger) Compsobuthus maidensis Kovarik, 2018b (Somaliland) Gint childsi Kovarik, 2018c (Kénya) Gint amoudensis Kovarik, Lowe, Just, Awale, Elmi & St'ahlavsky, 2018 (Somaliland) Gint gubanensis Kovarik, Lowe, Just, Awale, Elmi & St'ahlavsky, -
Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration
P1: SKH/ary P2: MBL/vks QC: MBL/agr T1: MBL October 27, 1997 17:44 Annual Reviews AR048-27 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1998. 43:619–43 Copyright c 1998 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY OF SPIDER COLORATION G. S. Oxford Department of Biology, University of York, P.O. Box 373, York YO1 5YW, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] R. G. Gillespie Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 409, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; e-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: color, crypsis, genetics, guanine, melanism, mimicry, natural selection, pigments, polymorphism, sexual dimorphism ABSTRACT Genetic color variation provides a tangible link between the external phenotype of an organism and its underlying genetic determination and thus furnishes a tractable system with which to explore fundamental evolutionary phenomena. Here we examine the basis of color variation in spiders and its evolutionary and ecological implications. Reversible color changes, resulting from several mechanisms, are surprisingly widespread in the group and must be distinguished from true genetic variation for color to be used as an evolutionary tool. Genetic polymorphism occurs in a large number of families and is frequently sex limited: Sex linkage has not yet been demonstrated, nor have the forces promoting sex limitation been elucidated. It is argued that the production of color is metabolically costly and is principally maintained by the action of sight-hunting predators. Key avenues for future research are suggested. INTRODUCTION Differences in color and pattern among individuals have long been recognized as providing a tractable system with which to address fundamental evolutionary questions (57). -
Annotated Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 12, No. 2, June 2017__________ 433 ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE SPIDERS OF TURKEY Hakan Demir* and Osman Seyyar* * Niğde University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, TR–51100 Niğde, TURKEY. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] [Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. 2017. Annotated checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 12 (2): 433-469] ABSTRACT: The list provides an annotated checklist of all the spiders from Turkey. A total of 1117 spider species and two subspecies belonging to 52 families have been reported. The list is dominated by members of the families Gnaphosidae (145 species), Salticidae (143 species) and Linyphiidae (128 species) respectively. KEY WORDS: Araneae, Checklist, Turkey, Fauna To date, Turkish researches have been published three checklist of spiders in the country. The first checklist was compiled by Karol (1967) and contains 302 spider species. The second checklist was prepared by Bayram (2002). He revised Karol’s (1967) checklist and reported 520 species from Turkey. Latest checklist of Turkish spiders was published by Topçu et al. (2005) and contains 613 spider records. A lot of work have been done in the last decade about Turkish spiders. So, the checklist of Turkish spiders need to be updated. We updated all checklist and prepare a new checklist using all published the available literatures. This list contains 1117 species of spider species and subspecies belonging to 52 families from Turkey (Table 1). This checklist is compile from literature dealing with the Turkish spider fauna. The aim of this study is to determine an update list of spider in Turkey. -
Facultad De Ciencias Experimentales
UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Trabajo Fin de Grado Determinación de la aracnofauna de la comarca de La Campiña de Córdoba. Alumna: Isabel María Sánchez León Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Julio, 2019 1 ÍNDICE 1. Resumen 4 2. Introducción 5 2.1. Aspectos morfológicos 5 2.2. Ciclo biológico y reproducción 9 2.3. Diversidad del orden Araneae 11 2.4. Ecología 12 3. Objetivos 14 4. Material y métodos 14 4.1. Área de estudio 14 4.1.1. Puntos de muestreo 16 4.1.1.1. Parcela 1 16 4.1.1.2. Parcela 2 16 4.1.1.3. Parcela 3 17 4.1.1.4. Parcela 4 17 4.1.2. Geología y suelo 18 4.1.3. Vegetación 18 4.1.4. Climatología 18 4.2. Método de captura 23 4.3. Conservación y determinación de las arañas 24 5. Resultados 25 5.1. Determinación de las arañas de la campiña cordobesa 25 5.2. Arañas más representativas de la Campiña de Córdoba 29 5.2.1. Familia Gnaphosidae 29 5.2.2. Familia Lycosidae 30 5.2.3. Familia Oecobiidae 31 5.2.4. Familia Salticidae 32 5.2.5. Familia Sicariidae 32 5.2.6. Familia Theridiidae 33 5.2.7. Familia Thomisidae 34 5.2.8. Familia Zodariidae 34 5.2.9. Otras familias capturadas 35 6. Discusión 35 7. Conclusiones 38 8. Referencias bibliográficas 39 9. Anexos 42 3 1. RESUMEN En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio sobre la biodiversidad a nivel de familias del Orden Araneae en cuatro zonas diferentes, dos de ellas han sido zona de olivar y otras dos zona de viñas. -
Stones on the Ground in Olive Groves Promote the Presence of Spiders (Araneae)
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 372–379, 2018 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2018.037 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Stones on the ground in olive groves promote the presence of spiders (Araneae) JACINTO BENHADI-MARÍN 1, 2, JOSÉ A. PEREIRA1, JOSÉ A. BARRIENTOS 3, JOSÉ P. SOUSA2 and SÓNIA A.P. SANTOS 4, 5 1 Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] 4 CIQuiBio, Barreiro School of Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Rua Américo da Silva Marinho, 2839-001 Lavradio, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] 5 LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal Key words. Araneae, biological control, ground hunter, predator, abundance, diversity, shelter Abstract. Spiders are generalist predators that contribute to the control of pests in agroecosystems. Land use management determines habitats including refuges for hibernation and aestivation. The availability of shelters on the ground can be crucial for maintaining populations of spider within crops. We studied the effect of the number of stones on the surface of the soil on the spi- der community in selected olive groves in Trás-os-Montes (northeastern Portugal). -
Book of Abstracts
August 20th-25th, 2017 University of Nottingham – UK with thanks to: Organising Committee Sara Goodacre, University of Nottingham, UK Dmitri Logunov, Manchester Museum, UK Geoff Oxford, University of York, UK Tony Russell-Smith, British Arachnological Society, UK Yuri Marusik, Russian Academy of Science, Russia Helpers Leah Ashley, Tom Coekin, Ella Deutsch, Rowan Earlam, Alastair Gibbons, David Harvey, Antje Hundertmark, LiaQue Latif, Michelle Strickland, Emma Vincent, Sarah Goertz. Congress logo designed by Michelle Strickland. We thank all sponsors and collaborators for their support British Arachnological Society, European Society of Arachnology, Fisher Scientific, The Genetics Society, Macmillan Publishing, PeerJ, Visit Nottinghamshire Events Team Content General Information 1 Programme Schedule 4 Poster Presentations 13 Abstracts 17 List of Participants 140 Notes 154 Foreword We are delighted to welcome you to the University of Nottingham for the 30th European Congress of Arachnology. We hope that whilst you are here, you will enjoy exploring some of the parks and gardens in the University’s landscaped settings, which feature long-established woodland as well as contemporary areas such as the ‘Millennium Garden’. There will be a guided tour in the evening of Tuesday 22nd August to show you different parts of the campus that you might enjoy exploring during the time that you are here. Registration Registration will be from 8.15am in room A13 in the Pope Building (see map below). We will have information here about the congress itself as well as the city of Nottingham in general. Someone should be at this registration point throughout the week to answer your Questions. Please do come and find us if you have any Queries. -
Dinburgh Encyclopedia;
THE DINBURGH ENCYCLOPEDIA; CONDUCTED DY DAVID BREWSTER, LL.D. \<r.(l * - F. R. S. LOND. AND EDIN. AND M. It. LA. CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF PARIS, AND OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TRUSSLi; JIEMBER OF THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SCIENCES OF DENMARK; OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF GOTTINGEN, AND OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF MODENA; HONORARY ASSOCIATE OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF LYONS ; ASSOCIATE OF THE SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS; MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF THE AN TIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND; OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, AND OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON; OF THE AMERICAN ANTlftUARIAN SOCIETY; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK, OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK; OF THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOClE'i'Y OF li riiECHT; OF THE PimOSOPHIC'.T- SOC1ETY OF CAMBRIDGE; OF THE LITERARY AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY OF PERTH: OF THE NORTHERN INSTITUTION, AND OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL SOCIETIES OF EDINBURGH ; OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA ; OF THE SOCIETY OF THE FRIENDS OF NATURAL HISTORY OF BERLIN; OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF FRANKFORT; OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND LITERARY SOCIETY OF LEEDS, OF THE ROYAL GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CORNWALL, AND OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF YORK. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF GENTLEMEN. EMINENT IN SCIENCE AND LITERATURE. IN EIGHTEEN VOLUMES. VOLUME VII. EDINBURGH: PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BLACKWOOD; AND JOHN WAUGH, EDINBURGH; JOHN MURRAY; BALDWIN & CRADOCK J. M. RICHARDSON, LONDON 5 AND THE OTHER PROPRIETORS. M.DCCC.XXX.- . -
Phantom Spiders 2: More Notes on Dubious Spider Species from Europe
© Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. Frankfurt/Main; http://arages.de/ Arachnologische Mitteilungen / Arachnology Letters 52: 50-77 Karlsruhe, September 2016 Phantom spiders 2: More notes on dubious spider species from Europe Rainer Breitling, Tobias Bauer, Michael Schäfer, Eduardo Morano, José A. Barrientos & Theo Blick doi: 10.5431/aramit5209 Abstract. A surprisingly large number of European spider species have never been reliably rediscovered since their first description many decades ago. Most of these are probably synonymous with other species or unidentifiable, due to insufficient descriptions or mis- sing type material. In this second part of a series on this topic, we discuss about 100 of these cases, focusing mainly on species described in the early 20th century by Pelegrín Franganillo Balboa and Gabor von Kolosváry, as well as a number of jumping spiders and various miscellaneous species. In most cases, the species turned out to be unidentifiablenomina dubia, but for some of them new synonymies could be established as follows: Alopecosa accentuata auct., nec (Latreille, 1817) = Alopecosa farinosa (Herman, 1879) syn. nov., comb. nov.; Alopecosa barbipes oreophila Simon, 1937 = Alopecosa farinosa (Herman, 1879) syn. nov., comb. nov.; Alopecosa mariae orientalis (Kolosváry, 1934) = Alopecosa mariae (Dahl, 1908) syn. nov.; Araneus angulatus afolius (Franganillo, 1909) and Araneus angulatus atricolor Simon, 1929 = Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757 syn. nov.; Araneus angulatus castaneus (Franganillo, 1909) = Araneus pallidus (Olivier, 1789) syn. nov.; Araneus angulatus levifolius (Franganillo, 1909), Araneus angulatus niger (Franganillo, 1918) and Araneus angulatus nitidifolius (Franganillo, 1909) = Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757 syn. nov.; Araneus angulatus pallidus (Franganillo, 1909), Araneus angulatus cru- cinceptus (Franganillo, 1909), Araneus angulatus fuscus (Franganillo, 1909) and Araneus angulatus iberoi (Franganillo, 1909) = Araneus pal- lidus (Olivier, 1789) syn. -
The Duration of Copulation in Spiders: Comparative Patterns
Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 52: 1-11 (1995). The duration of copulation in spiders: comparative patterns Mark A. Elgar Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Abstract - The duration of copulation in spiders varies both-within and between species, and in the latter by several orders of magnitude. The sources of this variation are explored in comparative analyses of the duration of copulation and other life-history variables of 135 species of spiders from 26 families. The duration of copulation is correlated with body size within several species, but the pattern is not consistent and more generally there is no inter-specific covariation between these variables. The duration of copulation within orb-weaving spiders is associated with both the location of mating and the frequency of sexual cannibalism, suggesting that the length of copulation is limited by the risk of predation. Finally, entelegyne spiders copulate for longer than haplogyne spiders, a pattern that can be interpreted in terms of male mating strategies or the complexity of their copulatory apparatus. INTRODUCTION after the copulatory organ has been inserted. In It is widely recognised that there are conflicts of species in which females mate with several males, interest between males and females in the choice of copulation may provide the male with the mating partner and the frequency of mating (e.g. opportunity to manipulate the sperm of other Elgar 1992). Thus, while the principal function of males that previously mated with that female. For copulation is to transfer gametes, the act of mating example, copulating male damselflies not only may have several additional functions, such as transfer their own sperm, but also remove the mate assessment or ensuring sperm priority, and sperm of rival males (e.g.