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1 Überschrift 1 Tzu-hsin Tu Die Deutsche Ostsiedlung als Ideologie bis zum Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs kassel university press Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde vom Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Universität Kassel als Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) angenommen. Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Jens Flemming Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dietmar Hüser Tag der mündlichen Prüfung 9. Juli 2009 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar Zugl.: Kassel, Univ., Diss. 2009 ISBN print: 978-3-89958-802-6 ISBN online: 978-3-89958-803-3 URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0002-8034 © 2009, kassel university press GmbH, Kassel www.upress.uni-kassel.de Printed in Germany Vorwort Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist eine überarbeitete Fassung meiner Disseration, die am 9. Juli 2009 vom Institut für die neuere und neueste Geschichte am Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Universität Kassel angenommen worden ist. Erster Gutachter war Herr Prof. Dr. Jens Flemming, zweiter Gutachter Herr Prof. Dr. Dietmar Hüser. Die Disputation fand am 9. Juli 2009 statt. Zuallererst möchte ich all jenen meinen herzlichen Dank sagen, die mich während der Abfassung meiner Dissertation beraten und unterstützt haben. Der erste Dank gilt meinem verehrten akademischen Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dr. Jens Flemming, der in allen Höhen und Tiefen entscheidenden Anteil an meiner Arbeit genommen hat. Seiner Betreuung und seinen profunden geschichtlichen Kenntnissen über Deutschland und Osteuropa hat diese Arbeit sehr viel zu verdanken. Bedanken möchte ich mich auch bei Herrn Prof. Dr. Dietmar Hüser für die konstruktiven Gespräche und die Übernahme des Korreferats. Ein großer Dank gebührt darüber hinaus meinen Freunden Bertram Hupe, Mirjam Sachse und Jürgen Lachmann, die sich um das Korrekturlesen verdient gemacht haben, und die mich immer wieder aufgemuntert haben. Schließlich gilt meine besondere Dankbarkeit meinen Eltern und Geschwis- tern sowie meiner gesamten Familie. Ohne ihre menschliche Anteilnahme und auch ohne ihre finanzielle Unterstützung hätte meine Arbeit nicht so reibungslos verlaufen können. Marburg, im September 2009 Tzu-hsin Tu 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis VORWORT.................................................................................................3 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS............................................................................4 1 EINLEITUNG ......................................................................................7 1.1 Forschungsansatz..............................................................................................................7 1.2 Definition des Terminus und Forschungsgegenstand ....................................................9 1.3 Quellen und Methode......................................................................................................12 2 DIE GESCHICHTE DER DEUTSCHEN OSTSIEDLUNG UND IHRE ENTDECKUNG DURCH DIE GESCHICHTSWISSENSCHAFT .......15 2.1 Überblick über den Verlauf der mittelalterlichen deutschen Ostsiedlung.................16 2.2 Die Entdeckung der mittelalterlichen deutschen Ostsiedlung durch die Geschichtswissenschaft .............................................................................................22 2.2.1 Die Darstellung der deutschen Ostsiedlung in der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts....................................................................................24 2.2.2 Die Geschichte der mittelalterlichen deutschen Ostsiedlung in der slawischen Historiographie bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts..........................................................32 2.2.3 Die Wahrnehmung der Geschichte der Ostsiedlung und der Wandel der deutschen Geisteswelt .......................................................................................................34 3 DER IDEOLOGISIERUNGSPROZESS DER DEUTSCHEN OSTSIEDLUNGSGESCHICHTE ......................................................40 3.1 Das „Polenmotiv“ in der Ideologie der Geschichte der Ostsiedlung ..........................41 3.1.1 Die Wurzel des deutsch-polnischen Nationalkonfliktes: Die Entstehung des preußisch-polnischen Antagonismus.................................................................................42 3.1.2 Die Teilung Polens und ihre Rolle im Prozess der Ideologisierung der Geschichte der deutschen Ostsiedlung.................................................................................................47 3.1.3 Die Epoche der deutschen „Polenbegeisterung“ und die preußische Germanisierungspolitik ............................................................................................52 3.2 Die gegensätzlichen Sichtweisen von Deutschen und Slawen auf die Geschichte der deutschen Ostsiedlung..............................................................................................60 4 3.2.1 Vom preußisch-polnischen Antagonismus zur nationalen deutsch-polnischen Feindschaft: Der grundlegende Wandel der Urteile über die Geschichte der deutschen Ostsiedlung in der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft und Publizistik bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts................................................................................................................61 3.2.2 Die polnischen Antithesen bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts .................................... 76 4 DIE IDEOLOGISIERTE DEUTSCHE OSTSIEDLUNGSGESCHICHTE IN DER NATIONALISTISCHEN EPOCHE ....................................... 81 4.1 Das Bild der deutschen Ostsiedlung im Erweckungsprozess des gesamtslawischen Nationalgefühles bzw. der panslawischen Bewegungen und seine deutsche Antithese.......................................................................................................................... 82 4.1.1 Das Bild der deutschen Ostsiedlung im Prozess der Herausbildung des gesamtslawischen Gemeinschaftsgefühls....................................................................................................... 83 4.1.2 Die nationale deutsch-slawische Konfrontation bzw. die Ostsiedlungsgeschichte als Streitpunkt auf dem Slawenkongress .......................................................................... 89 4.1.3 Die deutsche Reaktion auf die panslawische Bewegung ............................................. 92 4.2 Die Ostsiedlungsgeschichte und ihre politische Instrumentalisierung im nationalen deutsch-slawischen Konflikt seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts .............................. 97 4.2.1 Die ideologisierte deutsche Ostsiedlungsgeschichte als Streitobjekt zwischen Deutschen und Polen in der Gründungsepoche des preußisch-deutschen Nationalstaates................. 98 4.2.2 Die Problematik der mittelalterlichen deutschen Ostsiedlung in den Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Deutschen und Tschechen in der Habsburgermonarchie..................................................................................................... 114 4.2.3 Die Funktion der ideologisierten deutschen Ostsiedlungsgeschichte im russischen Panslawismus ................................................................................................ 121 5 DIE IDEOLOGISIERTE DEUTSCHE OSTSIEDLUNGSGESCHICHTE IM ZEITALTER DES IMPERIALISMUS.......................................... 129 5.1 Das ideologisierte Ostsiedlungsbild in der Epoche des Nationalitätenkampfs vom Ende 19. Jahrhundert bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts ................................... 130 5.1.1 Die Verwendung der ideologisierten Ostsiedlungsgeschichte in der Nationalitätenpolitik im Deutschen Kaiserreich und polnische Antwort.......................................................... 131 5.1.2 Das ideologisierte Bild der deutschen Ostsiedlungsgeschichte als Streitpunkt und deutsch-tschechischer Antagonismus in der Habsburgermonarchie............................... 160 5.2 Das ideologische Bild der deutschen Ostsiedlung in der deutschen Kriegszielpropaganda und seine slawische Antithese ...................................................................................... 167 5.2.1 Die ideologisierte deutsche Ostsiedlungsgeschichte als Instrument der Ostexpansion der deutschen Imperialisten ............................................................................................ 168 5.2.2 Die deutsche Ostsiedlungsgeschichte als Feindbild des russischen Panslawismus und Imperialismus .......................................................................................................... 183 6 SCHLUSSBETRACHTUNG ........................................................... 192 5 7 QUELLEN- UND LITERATURVERZEICHNIS................................201 7.1 Ungedruckte Quellen ....................................................................................................201 7.2 Literatur.........................................................................................................................201 7.3 Zeitungen und Zeitschriften.........................................................................................211 6 1 Einleitung 1.1 Forschungsansatz Im Dritten Reich erfreute sich ein Lied besonderer Beliebtheit, in dessen flämischem Originaltext die folgende Strophe vorkam: Naer Oostland willen wij rijden, naer Oostland willen wij rijden [...]. Deer isser en betere stee.1 Dieses Lied war in seiner deutschen Übersetzung „Gen Ostland wollen wir rei- ten“ damals in vielen Lesebüchern
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