DOCSLIB.ORG

Akin Wani Jinba Wa Yayai Pyen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Akin Wani Jinba Wa Yayai Pyen i AKIN WANI JIN’BA WA YAYAI PYEN ‘Peace and Progress’ (AN ANTHEM for S.A.T.B.) A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (M. A.) IN MUSIC BY EKPO, OMOTOLANI EBENEZER PG/MA/14/67526 DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUKKA MAY, 2015 ii APPROVAL PAGE This is to certify that this project has been approved for the award of the Degree of Masters of Arts (M.A.) in Music, of the Department of Music, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. _____________________________ _________________ Prof. Christian Onyeji Date (Supervisor) ______________________________ _________________ Rev. Sr. M. T. O. Keke Date (Head of Department) ______________________________ _________________ Prof. Dan. C. C. Agu Date (External Examiner) iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my husband Mr. Ebenezer Etim Ekpo. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My utmost gratitude goes to God almighty, who is the Author and Finisher of my life. Also, my sincere gratitude goes to my supervisor, Prof.Christian Onyeji, for his constant attention, brilliant corrections and encouragement availed me in making sure this project is a success. I deeply appreciate my darling husband, Mr. Ebenezer E. Ekpo, who is the inspiring force behind this pursuit and my wonderful children, Jonathan and Sharon, for their unimaginable understanding and cooperation all through this programme. ‘Funmi and Faith, my baby sitters God bless you. Also, I won’t forget the humble contributions of my colleagues who willingly ran errands for me when I needed them most- Mathins, Tosin, Micheal and the host of others I cannot remember, God bless you all. “Uncle” Ade, I appreciate your sincere help and encouragements. Dr and Dr (Mrs) Olawale Otitoju, I deeply appreciate your love and care all through my stay in Nsukka. I cannot but recognize my loving colleagues- Mrs Soretirre, Elder Samson, Jonathan and Chijoke, you guys are wonderful, you made my stay stress free, God bless you! I also thank the entire staff and students of my Department and the authorities of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Finally, I appreciate the Jukun Traditional Musicians (Baba and his group) in Wukari, for their time and encouragements. OMOTOLANI E. EKPO UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA v TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page - - - - - - - - - - i Approval Page - - - - - - - - - ii Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iii Acknowledgements - - - - - - - - - iv Table of contents - - - - - - - - - v Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vii CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION - - - - - - 1 1.1 Aims and Objectives - - - - - - - - 3 1.2 Statement of Problem - - - - - - - - 3 1.3 Need for the Study - - - - - - - - 4 1.4 Significance of the Study - - - - - - - 4 1.5 Methodology - - - - - - - - - 5 1.6 Background of the Study - - - - - - - 5 1.7 Scope, Location and Concept of Composition - - - - 8 CHAPTER TWO – LITERATUREREVIEW 2.1 Nigerian Traditional Music - - - - - - - 9 2.2 Modern Nigerian Art Music - - - - - - - 9 2.3 The Revolution - - - - - - - - - 13 2.4 Native Air - - - - - - - - - - 16 2.5 Jukun Traditional Music - - - - - - - - 27 vi CHAPTER THREE – THE COMPOSITION - - - - - 29 3.1Akin Wani Jin’Ba wa yayai Pyen - First Movement - - - - 30 3.2 Akin Wani Jin’Ba wa yayai Pyen – Second Movement - - - - 53 3.3 Akin Wani Jin’Ba wa yayai Pyen – Third Movement - - - - 62 CHAPTER FOUR – ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION - - - 89 4.1 Analysis of the First Movement - - - - - - 90 4.2 Analysis of the Second Movement - - - - - - 92 4.3 Analysis of the Third Movement - - - - - - 95 CHAPTER FIVE – CONCLUSION - - - - - - 98 REFERENCES - - - - - - - - - 100 vii ABSTRACT The Jukun music is a sub-genre of African traditional music. Like every other African music, it is woven around day to day events of the people’s life from birth through death. It constitutes complex messages which are rooted in specific cultural practices; using elaborate vocal polyphony tunes, polyrhythm, dance drumming, horn ensemble, xylophone, rattles and so on. The Jukun traditional music makes use of extensive repetition of exclamations, call and response, song words as an opening up of space for contemplation, a temporary freezing of verbal content, and giving room for other participant of the music to give a certain turn of phrase, cadential approaches and a spontaneous composition of embellishments. The Jukuns are categorized into two- “the Wapa and the Wanu”. This work will focus more on the wapas being the majority tribe of Wukari town where this research is carried out. The Wukari town has witnessed series of ethnic, political and religious crisis over the years, this brought about the theme of my composition as found in the third chapter of this project work ‘AKIN WANI JIN’BA WA YAYAI PYEN’meaning “PEACE AND PROGRESS”. Unlike many other Nigerian indigenous music which have enjoyed scholarly interventions, Jukun music seems still unexplored. This work aims at searching for the unique features of Jukun music, while drawing from its idioms in composing an anthem advocating for peaceful cohabitation within the community and the nation as a whole. The research was carried out via observation and participatory methods. Also, verbal interviews and relevant literature were employed in the work. These, were combined with some western music elements and techniques, in writing this work of art. 1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The art of composition, like many other works of art, is endless. It is a vast platform upon which creativity can be explored. Music composition is an ever evolving aspect of human life that attracts improvement and modifications over and over again, just like life itself. The new discoveries and innovations employed in the act of composition are still very dependent on the old and fundamental rules that stand as a solid foundation upon which they are built. It is an endless practice that encourages hard work. According to Onyeji (1994), “….because creative minds are always reaching out for the undiscovered, different musical resources have been explored at different times and in different degrees by different composers of different countries” (p. 1). Efforts have been made by different people at various levels to come up with something entirely new, but the fact remains that no man is an island of knowledge. Ideas are still drawn consciously or unconsciously from older works the composer is exposed to over time. Onyeji (1994, p.1) wrote that “in their deliberate efforts to arrive at new musical interpretations of existing phone-facts, and at creating entirely new music, many composers all over the world have made conscious and unconscious efforts to draw on the folk materials of their peoples” Ethno- composition as described by Onyeji (1994) is simply “drawing creative inspirations from folk sources as well as utilizing folk musical materials in assembling new music…that captures the folk essence” (p. 2). Therefore, this work of art being an aspect of ethno-composition draws its inspiration and creativity from the existing musical idioms of the ethnic group the composer is set to work with and some indispensable western compositional techniques. 2 However, various attempts have been made in defining music composition. American Heritage dictionary described music composition as “the art or process of arranging or putting together of sounds in combination by rhythm, harmony and melody to please or interest a listener” (p. 4). As defined by Nwankwo (2012, p.1) “ music composition is the art of combining musical fragments to form a whole musical thought, it is a deliberate and conscious activity undertaken by a musician known as a composer… it deals with the conception and bringing to reality of musical imaginations for the purpose of performance”. Also, Jacobs (1967, p. 80) considered it as “the result of a deliberate individual creative art”. Meanwhile, Onyeji (2003, p. 148) said it is “the substance/fact of music that signifies structuring, restructuring and unearthing of finished music or part of it”. Therefore, music composition can be defined as the expression of a musician’s creative thought in an oral or written form, made available for the interest of both the performer and listeners. Music composition in African setting is usually done orally, and in most cases at the place of event. Musicians depend solely on improvisation, while building on existing rhythm and melody. Unlike the Western music; they are neither written nor documented; they were passed on through oral tradition of which Jukun music is not an exemption. Meanwhile, art music in Africa came into being as a result of the introduction of Christianity. Ukpong (2006) recorded that “Written music was introduced into Africa by Christian Missionaries in the form of hymns. They provided a model for Nigerian composers”. (p. 11) This composition will probably serve as the first written form of Jukun music, and is aimed at laying solid foundation for further musical research work on it. 3 1.1 Aims and objectives The Jukun music as I observed, exhibits the richness coherent in many African music. It is keenly connected to the people’s tradition and culture. The Jukun music is presently still in oral form, though attempts have been made by the church to translate the church hymns and anthems to Jukun language. Popular musicians also have employed the Jukun music in their compositions. However, there still exist a huge vacuum in terms of scholarly writing and documentation of Jukun music. Therefore, this work sets to put Jukun music in written form, while expressing its musical, socio-cultural, ideological and historical aspects and bringing it to lime light for further research and appreciation. This composition will provide relevant data on Jukun music and the essence of peace and progress it conveys. Specific objectives of this work are to: • Ascertain the prominent musical scale, mode, harmonic style and instrumental accompaniments of Jukun music. • Compose choral and instrumental music by drawing from the Jukun music idioms. • Contribute to the existing wells of ethno-compositions. 1.2 Statement of problem Jukun music, unlike many traditional music of some tribes in Nigeria, has not been visited nor thoroughly researched by music scholars.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nigeria's Constitution of 1999
    PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 constituteproject.org Nigeria's Constitution of 1999 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 Table of contents Preamble . 5 Chapter I: General Provisions . 5 Part I: Federal Republic of Nigeria . 5 Part II: Powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . 6 Chapter II: Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy . 13 Chapter III: Citizenship . 17 Chapter IV: Fundamental Rights . 20 Chapter V: The Legislature . 28 Part I: National Assembly . 28 A. Composition and Staff of National Assembly . 28 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of National Assembly . 29 C. Qualifications for Membership of National Assembly and Right of Attendance . 32 D. Elections to National Assembly . 35 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 36 Part II: House of Assembly of a State . 40 A. Composition and Staff of House of Assembly . 40 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of House of Assembly . 41 C. Qualification for Membership of House of Assembly and Right of Attendance . 43 D. Elections to a House of Assembly . 45 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 47 Chapter VI: The Executive . 50 Part I: Federal Executive . 50 A. The President of the Federation . 50 B. Establishment of Certain Federal Executive Bodies . 58 C. Public Revenue . 61 D. The Public Service of the Federation . 63 Part II: State Executive . 65 A. Governor of a State . 65 B. Establishment of Certain State Executive Bodies .
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on the Causes of Ethnic Conflict Within Nigeria
    A CASE STUDY ON THE CAUSES OF ETHNIC CONFLICT WITHIN NIGERIA. BY OGOCHUKWU MICHAEL OSAKWE AN INDEPENDENT STUDY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN PEACE STUDIES AND DIPLOMACY, SIAM UNIVERSITY, BANGKOK, THAILAND 2017 ABSTRACT Ethnic conflict in Nigeria has led to the lack of peace and harmony. Nigeria is a complex country in Africa with over 300 ethnic groups and 120 different languages spoken throughout the country. The issue of discrimination, based on “We” and “Them.” negatively affect the socio-economic and political development of Nigeria. Since the day of independence, there has been the struggle for superiority and recognition among the various ethnic groups that led to the Nigerian civil war from 1967-70. Colonization, the struggle for position and power, resource control, social class status and land dispute has been the causes of ethnic conflicts within Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to explain the root causes of ethnic conflicts that lead to ethno–religious conflicts in Nigeria and to evaluate the magnitude of human and material resources destroyed as a result of such conflicts. A historical research method was employed for gathering secondary data from sources such as books, newspapers, magazines, dictionaries, journals, government publications and online information. The result revealed that the six geo-political zones of Nigeria namely; North West, North East, North Central, South West, South-South and South East zones have all witnessed all kinds of ethnic conflicts resulted from the same set of causes. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Nigeria should stop the practice of federalism and embrace confederation, which will give the country and its people autonomy to rule and manage their resources.
    [Show full text]
  • AMERICAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY N In
    THE PROLIFERATION OF SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS IN INTERNAL CONFLICT: THE CHALLENGE OF HUMAN SECURITY IN NIGERIA By Jennifer Douglas Abubakar Submitted to the Faculty of the School of International Service of American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In International Relations Chair: Randolph Persaud, Ph.D Peter Lewis, Ph.D atriek Jackson, Ph.D AJ,'A (a J Dean of the School of International Service T f f ) ^ '2tr?7 Date / 2007 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY n in Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3269571 Copyright 2007 by Douglas Abubakar, Jennifer All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3269571 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. © COPYRIGHT by Jennifer Douglas Abubakar 2007 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ife-Modakeke Crisis
    HOPE BETRAYED? A Report on Impunity and State-Sponsored Violence in Nigeria KADUNA PLATEAU OSUN BENUE ANA- MBRA CROSS RIVER BAYELSA First published in 2002 by: World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) P. O. Box 21-8, rue du Vieux Billard ch-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 8094939 Fax: + 41 22 8094929 E-mail: omct@omct.org Web site: http://www.omct.org And Centre for Law Enforcement Education (CLEEN) 1 Afolabi Aina Street, Off Allen Avenue Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria Tel: 234-1-4933195 Fax: 234-1-4935338 E-mail: cleen@cleen.org Web site: www.kabissa.org/cleen COORDINATION Eric Sottas, Director, World Organisation Against Torture Innocent Chukwuma, Executive Director, Centre for Law Enforcement Education Anne-Laurence Lacroix, Deputy Director, World Organisation Against Torture Chidi Anselm Odinkalu, Expert-Consultant ISBN: 2-88477-023-2 Imp. Abrax F-21300 Chenôve © All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior approval of the copyright owners. HOPE BETRAYED? A Report on Impunity and State-Sponsored Violence in Nigeria KADUNA PLATEAU OSUN BENUE ANA- MBRA CROSS RIVER BAYELSA Acknowledgments The World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and the Centre for Law Enforcement Education (CLEEN) are grateful to several groups and individuals for their assistance and contributions in the publication of this book. We thank the European Union for their support in the research and publication of this book. We equally express our thanks to the participants at the October 2001 workshop in Ota, Ogun State on the use of international human rights mechanisms, whose craving for investigation of ethno-religious crises, state- sponsored violence and impunity led to the publication of this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Chefferies Traditionnelles Au Nigeria NIGERIA
    NIGERIA Etude 6 février 2015 Les chefferies traditionnelles au Nigeria Avertissement Ce document a été élaboré par la Division de l’Information, de la Documentation et des Recherches de l’Ofpra en vue de fournir des informations utiles à l’examen des demandes de protection internationale. Il ne prétend pas faire le traitement exhaustif de la problématique, ni apporter de preuves concluantes quant au fondement d’une demande de protection internationale particulière. Il ne doit pas être considéré comme une position officielle de l’Ofpra ou des autorités françaises. Ce document, rédigé conformément aux lignes directrices communes à l’Union européenne pour le traitement de l’information sur le pays d’origine (avril 2008) [cf. https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lignes_directrices_europeennes.pdf], se veut impartial et se fonde principalement sur des renseignements puisés dans des sources qui sont à la disposition du public. Toutes les sources utilisées sont référencées. Elles ont été sélectionnées avec un souci constant de recouper les informations. Le fait qu’un événement, une personne ou une organisation déterminée ne soit pas mentionné(e) dans la présente production ne préjuge pas de son inexistence. La reproduction ou diffusion du document n’est pas autorisée, à l’exception d’un usage personnel, sauf accord de l’Ofpra en vertu de l’article L. 335-3 du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Les chefferies traditionnelles au Nigeria Table des matières Introduction 4 1. Bref rappel historique 5 2. Types et catégories de chefs traditionnels 5 2.1. Classifications 2.2. Titres traditionnels et titres honorifiques 2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • "Indigene" and "Settler" Status and Identity Politics in Nigeria: Lessons from the Jukun-Tiv Crisis and the Role of the Media - Alexander Nyitor Shenge 197
    UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY Published by Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization (CBAAC) National Theatre, Iganmu P.M.B 12794, Lagos E-mail:cbaac77@yahoo.com © Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization (CBAAC) First Published 2004 All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-032-108-X (paperback) ISBN 978-032-204-3 (Hardcover) Designed and Produced by: Stirling-Horden Publishers (Nig.) Ltd. Gaaf Building,UNIVERSITY110-112 Oyo Road OF, Orogun IBADAN, LIBRARY U.1. Box 20984. Oyo State Phone: 08023519154. E-mail: horden@skannet.com Contents Acknowledgements V Foreword VI 1 Introduction - Duro Oni Section One - (General Theoretical Approaches) 2 Identity Politics, Globalization and Socio-Political Engineering in Nigeria - A. U Iwara 19 3 Ethnicity, Ethno-Class Relations and Crisis of Nigeria's Enduring 'National Question' and Political Instability - Inya-A. Eteng 37 Section Two - (Ethno-Linguistic Perspective) 4 Globalization and Hegemonic English in Nigeria: Identity Conflicts and Linguistic Pluralism - Segun Awonusi 85 5 Identity Politics Strategies Among Oko-Osanyin Speakers: A Resistance of Marginalization Through Globalization - EfurosibinaUNIVERSITYAdegbija OF IBADAN LIBRARY103 6 Acts of Identity: The Role of Language in Actualizing Globalization ,. - Christine I. Ofulue 121 VI Section Three - (Texts and Discourse Analysis) 7 Disputing the Postcolonial Subject: Abdelkebir Khatibi's Amour Bilingue / Love In Two Languages - David Richards 137 8 "Ours is Ours but Mine is Mine"? : Reflections on Identity Politics and the Forging of a National Literature - Hope Eghagha 151 9 Identity Constructs in a Contested Borderland: The Bakassi Peninsula - Tope Omoniyi and Dipo Salami 171 Section Four - (Media and Culture) 10 "Indigene" and "Settler" Status and Identity Politics in Nigeria: Lessons from the Jukun-Tiv Crisis and the Role of the Media - Alexander Nyitor Shenge 197 11 The Caste Phenomenon and Social Conflicts in Oweland in the Context of Globalization - Dele Adeyanju 217 12 Cultural Identity and Globalization: The Nigerian Experience - Abi A.
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-Group Relations in Wukari and Donga Areas, 1900-1992: a Case Study of the Jukun and Chamba Peoples
    INTER-GROUP RELATIONS IN WUKARI AND DONGA AREAS, 1900-1992: A CASE STUDY OF THE JUKUN AND CHAMBA PEOPLES BY MORDAKAI SULE DANSONKA B A HISTORY (MAIDUGURI) 2005 M.A/ARTS/1778/2011-2012 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, FACULTY OF ARTS AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA JANUARY, 2016 i DECLARATION I declare that the work in this Dissertation titled INTER-GROUP RELATIONS IN WUKARI AND DONGA AREAS, 1900-1992: A CASE STUDY OF THE JUKUN AND CHAMBA PEOPLEShas been carried out by me in the Department of History, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The work is by no means a replication, except for some information derived from the Literature and has been duly acknowledged by footnotes and references. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma in this or any other institution. MordakaiSuleDansonka________________________________ Name of Student Signature Date ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation entitled INTER-GROUP RELATIONS IN WUKARI AND DONGA AREAS, 1900-1992: A CASE STUDY OF THE JUKUN AND CHAMBA PEOPLES, by MordakaiSuleDansonka meets the regulations governing the award of the Degree of Master of Arts ofAhmadu Bello University, Zaria, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. ____________________ ___________________ ____________________ External Examiner Signature Date ____________________ ________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • HEALING BELIEFS and PRACTICES in JUKUN SOCIETY Introduction This Chapter Draws Specific Attention to the Jukun
    2.0 CHAPTER TWO: HEALING BELIEFS AND PRACTICES IN JUKUN SOCIETY Introduction This chapter draws specific attention to the Jukun worldview and how it shaped the people‘s understanding of causality and remedy for disease and sickness. This differs from the scientific worldview that informed the healing practices of the mission-founded churches. The study reveals that, with regard to the practices of the Gidan Addu’a, Charismatics share in the traditional healing worldview as they synthesise the biblical and primal interpretations of sickness and wellbeing, which involved politico-religious and socio-economic experiences. First, the Charismatic leaders sought to address culturally deep-seated concerns, which seemed to have been consciously or unconsciously ignored by mission-founded church bodies. Second, the research shows that the more or less rigid cessation views held by both John Calvin and Abraham Kuyper underlie the stance of the CRCN. The research further asserts that the early missionaries who established the EKAS Benue Church (now CRCN), unconsciously brought to the Nigerian Middle-Belt the Western Christian views on the cause and remedy for disease and sickness. Consequent to this, the early generations of CRCN ministers found it difficult to respond to the existential needs of their members in the face of deep social and moral crises. 2.1 Jukun History and Culture The Jukun-speaking peoples1 live in the Middle-Belt of Nigeria. Oral tradition suggests that they migrated from Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula to Egypt between 350 AD and 360 AD and settled in Ngazargamu.2 They later entered Nigeria between the Mandara hills and Lake Chad3 and settled in Ngizim, upper Gongola valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Newspaper Inquest Into Tiv-Jukun Conflict 2001
    New Media and Mass Communication www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3267 (Paper) ISSN 2224-3275 (Online) Vol.21, 2014 Newspaper Inquest into Tiv-Jukun Conflict 2001: An Analysis of Ethnic Inequality and Domination in Contemporary Nigeria Rodney Ciboh* Department of Mass Communication, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria. * E-mail of the corresponding author: rodciboh@gmail.com Abstract On October 22 to 24, 2001, the Nigerian army killed more than two hundred unarmed Tiv and destroyed homes, shops, public buildings and other property in more than seven towns and villages in Benue State, Nigeria. Vanguard newspaper held an Inquest into the crisis to discuss causes, pattern, history, and solutions (Vanguard 2001, November 19 ) to the Tiv/Jukun conflict. This paper attempts a discourse analysis of the conflict, to determine how ethnic inequality and domination in contemporary Nigeria are constructed and presented in text, what discursive structures, strategies, and other properties of text were used in defining ethnic minority relations and identities and polarising group opinions on the conflict. The study found routine discrimination against minority Tiv in these states, justified by positive representation of the Jukun majority and negative opinions about of Tiv. This positive and negative opinion about Us versus Them is legitimized by indigene-settler ideology and justified by systematic association of Tiv ethnic group with problematic and negative social and cultural differences in order to sustain existing negative attitudes about them. Keywords: newspaper discourse, ethnic conflict, inequality, domination, citizenship 1. Introduction On October 22 to 24, 2001, the Nigerian army killed more than two hundred unarmed Tiv and destroyed homes, shops, public buildings and other property in more than seven towns and villages in Benue State, in central- eastern Nigeria (Amnesty International, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Leadership in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: a Study of the Perceptions of Its Impact on the Acquired Leadership Skills of Expatriate Nigerian Postgraduates
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2008 Leadership in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Study of the Perceptions of its Impact on the Acquired Leadership Skills of Expatriate Nigerian Postgraduates. Gerald Anietie Ignatius Akata East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Educational Administration and Supervision Commons, and the Educational Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Akata, Gerald Anietie Ignatius, "Leadership in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Study of the Perceptions of its Impact on the Acquired Leadership Skills of Expatriate Nigerian Postgraduates." (2008). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1898. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1898 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact digilib@etsu.edu. Leadership in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Study of the Perceptions of Its Impact on the Acquired Leadership Skills of Expatriate Nigerian Postgraduates A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of Identity Construction Among Ethnic Groups in Benue State, Nigeria
    THE DYNAMICS OF IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION AMONG ETHNIC GROUPS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA BY ERIMA COMFORT UGBEM B.Sc. (Hons), M.Sc. (Benue State University, Makurdi) MATRICULATION NUMBER: 146679 A PH.D THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY, FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN, NIGERIA SUPERVISORS PROFESSOR A.O. OLUTAYO DR A.O. OMOBOWALE DECEMBER 2014 i CERTIFICATION I certify that this work was carried out by ERIMA COMFORT UGBEM in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. ------------------- SUPERVISORS A.O. OLUTAYO B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ibadan) Professor Department Of Sociology, Faculty of the Social Sciences University Of Ibadan, Ibadan ---------------------- AYOKUNLE OLUMYIWA OMOBOWALE B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ibadan) Department Of Sociology, Faculty of the Social Sciences University Of Ibadan, Ibadan ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the Lord God Almighty for his ever loving presence, strength and inspiration from the commencement of this work to its end. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research work would not have been successful without the support of certain individuals who played various roles that are worthy of acknowledgement. First of all, I appreciate the Most High God, The Father of all creation, the everlasting reality, the One who never leaves me stranded, for strength and inspiration, from the conception of this work to its completion. I appreciate my father in heaven for His grace, favour and strength to carry on with this work in spite of the numerous challenges that would have hindered its completion. All glory, honour, power, majesty, dominion and excellence are ascribed to Him forever.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Tiv-Jukun Crises in Taraba State
    International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management | IJASBSM p-ISSN: 2354-4236 | e-ISSN: 2354-4244 Volume 9, Number 1 March, 2021 Effective Management of Communal Crises and the Achievement of Food Security in Nigeria: A Study of the Tiv-Jukun Crises in Taraba State 1Innocent Felix Idoko & 2Susan Peter Teru 1Departmentof Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, 2Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Management Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo Article DOI: 10.48028/iiprds/ijasbsm.v9.i1.08 A b s t r a c t igeria's quest for achieving food security is under threat by incessant communal crises. Among several violent crises, the frequent Tiv-Jukun Ncrises in a widely acclaimed foremost agricultural producing area constitute a threat to the integrated Agricultural Transformation Action Plan, (IATAP) for achieving food, and cash crops security in Nigeria. Descriptive and exploratory designs were used, relying on both quantitative and qualitative evidences for examining; these crises, strategies for managing it, and its implications on food security. This study is critical for national orientation, the achievement of national integration and cohesion among the people, and for peaceful agriculture. Reviews and analytical techniques revealed that the crises centered on socio-economic and political factors. Governments' strategies for handling communal crises were devoid of both preventive, and effective management, as approximately 10% annual slack in food supplies due to the crises could significantly be accountable for Nigeria's inability to achieve food security. The constitution, national integration and food programmes reviews are imperative. Keywords: Communal-Crises, Constitutional-Reviews, Disparity, Displacements, Farmers, Food- Programmes, Food-Security, Killings.
    [Show full text]