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National Mission on Himalayan Studies (NMHS) HIMALAYAN RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP (PRO FORMA FOR THE HALF YEARLY PROGRESS REPORT) [Reporting Period: from 01-07-18 to 31-12-18]
Kindly fill the NMHS Fellowship Annual Progress Report segregated into the following 7 segments, as applicable to the NMHS Fellowship nature and outcomes.
1. Fellowship Grant Information and Other Details
2. Fellowship Description at Himalayan Research Associates (H-RAs) Level
3. Fellowship Description at Himalayan Junior Research Associates (H-JRFs) Level
4. Fellowship Description at Institutional/ University Level
5. Fellowship Concluding Remarks/ Annual Summary
6. Specific Research Question(s) Addressed with Succinct Answer(s)
7. Any other information
Please let us know in case of any query at: [email protected]
PRO FORMA NMHS-Fellowship Half Yearly Progress Report
1. Fellowship Grant Information and Other Details
NMHS Fellowship Grant ID: GBPI/NMHS/MF/RA/2015-16, dt:30-03-2016
Name of the Institution/ University: ICAR – National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong – Sikkim
No. of Himalayan Research/Project 02 Associates:
No. of Himalayan Junior Research/Project 05 Fellows:
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2. Fellowship Description at H-RA Level
Himalayan Research Associates (H-RAs)
H-RAs Profile Description:
Date of Name of the PI S. No. Name of RA Research Title Qualification Joining and Designation
Conservation, sustainable use Dr. Avanish Kumar of orchids resources of Ph.D. 1. 08/10/2018 Dr. D. R. Singh Singh Sikkim Himalayan region. (Horticulture)
Long-term Ecological/ Environmental monitoring of 01-06-2018 orchids & assessment of Ph.D. 2. Dr. Roshna Gazmer threats to biodiversity and Dr. D. R. Singh (Agricultural Extent of IKP documentation Entomology) & strengthened.
Progress Brief (to be filled for each H-RA in separate row):
RA Research Addressed Research/ Experimental Achievements No. Objective(s) Deliverables Work*
Some seed capsules were collected from polyhouse in our institute which are as follow:- paphiopendilum villosum, Aerides odoratum, . Rare species of Cym. Aloifolium, 1. To develop orchids which have Epedundrum Redicans effective in- medicinal and valuable situ properties are Below seed capsules conserved by in-situ conservation collected from farmers site ( conservation practiced and kartok) east Sikkim. Established an information baseline as plant tissue culture for in situ conservation for orchids. management techniques Cym.Sikkimmensis, Cym. interventions Maspersis, Cym. Tracyanum. 2. completed priority setting for target for the 2. these rare species species. selected are reproducing of Gathered information about orchids in large scale by using specific species of orchid 3. Initiated the standardization of mass plant tissue culture Sikkim which are exist in east multiplication protocol of rare orchids techniques for mass 1. Himalayan species. production in suitable Sikkim. region. nutrient medium 4. Initiated in-vitro inoculation of 08 2. To determine Out of this 4 species are species in different media. the appropriate 3. the Possibility of successfully in running condition for in development of new condition which are as vitro mass race variety of orchids follow: Paphiopendilum propagation of through somaclonal Venustum, Calanthe [Annexure I] selected Orchid variation in in –vitro conservation through Sylvatica, Arundina species. Gramanifolia, Dienis 3. Development of plant tissue culture techniques. Ophrydis. DNA Bank. Few more species I will farther added for tissue culture as per the seoson and availability.
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Population study of Diplomeris hirsuta conducted at 2 study sites viz. 1. Chavang, North Sikkim and 2. Study site for population of Assam Lingzey, East Diplomeris hirsuta at Identification of Sikkim. Chavang, North Sikkim and 2. sites for long-term Population study of Selected 3 plots Assam Lingzey, East Sikkim. environmental orchid species for long irrespective of Study site for population of term environmental monitoring. species composition orchid species at Parakha, East study for orchid species Mainstreaming of altitude wise Sikkim. at Parakha, East long-term (Tropical, Sikkim. Study site for population of monitoring and Temperate and orchid species at Kitam Bird Population study of Alpine zones of Sanctuary, Namchi. building scientific orchid species for long Sikkim). 2 evidence across term environmental Survey and Documentation of Conducted Survey Indigenous Knowledge and key sectors study for orchid species regarding at Kitam Bird Practices on orchid at villages achieved. Documentation of Sanctuary, Namchi. of East and North Sikkim has Indigenous Indigenous been done. Survey and Knowledge and Knowledge and documentation of Identification of orchid Practices (IKP) in Practices (IKP) Indigenous Knowledge species, Otochilus lancilabius villages of Sikkim systematically and Practices (IKP) on and Dendrobium amplum having orchid documented and orchid at villages of through IKP documentation habitat. having indigenous importance linked to scientific Sikkim. at villages of East Sikkim. evidence base. Identification of orchid species, Otochilus lancilabius and [Annexure II] Dendrobium amplum through IKP documentation having indigenous importance. *Experimental work giving full details (in separate sheet, within 300 words) of experimental set up, methods adopted, data collected supported by necessary table, charts, diagrams & photographs. Note: Data, table and figures may be attached as separate source file (.docx, .xls, jpg, .jpeg, .png, .shp, etc. ).
3. Fellowship Description at H-JRF Level Himalayan Junior Research Project Fellows (H-JRFs)
H-JRFs Profile Description: S. Name of JRF Date of Joining Name of the PI Qualification No.
1. M.Sc. Remote Sensing & Abhishek Timothy Rai 05-10-18 Dr. D. R. Singh GIS 2. Prashant Chaturvedi 17-05-18 Dr. D. R. Singh M. Tech (C.S.E-HPCS)
3. Deepak Rai 31-05-16 Dr. D. R. Singh M.Sc. Horticulture
4. Nima Tshering Bhutia 16-05-16 Dr. D. R. Singh M.Sc. Agriculture
5. A. Loyanganba Meitei 07-11-17 Dr. D. R. Singh M.Sc. Ag. Biotechnology
Progress Brief (to be filled for each JRF in separate row): JRF Research/ Experimental Research Objectives Deliverable Achievements No. Work*
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To study the spatial Map showing orchid distribution of orchid Prepared Map Layout of population in East Sikkim population in Sikkim orchids population were prepared. Himalayas. available in East Sikkim Survey & collection with regards to available Map showing orchid of in-situ data with reports) and collected population in West Sikkim GPS based 1. reference to point GPS data. were prepared. coordinates of a mapping of orchids particular species. Prepared Map of orchid’s GIS software based To integrate GIS and population found during shapefile of India and data to provide the field visit to West Sikkim. location maps where Sikkim. the orchid population [Annexure III] originates. Complied the Orchids Prepared new database species List for Sikkim and platform. Darjeeling Himalayas Prepared Database web- Preparing datasets of enabled Home page. Prepared Database query. To develop Orchid orchids available in Sikkim PHP language and Prepared List of orchids biodiversity 2. MySQL query Attended and presented with full details. database of nd Darjeeling and language poster during the “2 Prepared IUCN/RET 100 Sikkim Himalayas Himalayan Researchers Species with full details. Consortium, Gangtok – Prepared 300 Orchids th Sikkim (26–27 November species in database of 2018.) Sikkim.
[Annexure IV] Field survey was carried out at some of the place where orchids were found at East Sikkim and West Sikkim base on altitude wise for the sturdy of Orchids distribution pattern. Completed the population Survey was done to some of distibution studies of Cymbidium the host area of different whiteae Orchid Species to know their flowering time. To study the orchids Field survey to East, West population in natural and some part of North habitats throughout Completed the population studies Sikkim was done to sturdy Sikkim Himalayan the host-specificity of orchids range. of Leconorchis sikkimensis, a rare on tree plants in Sikkim. To study flowering and threatened orchid. Visited East, West and North Assessment of time, distribution Sikkim to Study the Natural resources pattern and phyto- Presented a paper entitled’ ITK population and distribution of 3. accounting methods geographic affinities Aspects of Farm Produces by RET Orchids species and and Field Testing. among orchids Farming Community of Sikkim” their conservation. species of Sikkim th at 9 extension education Preparation of two Himalayan region. congress 2018 held at CAU manuscripts for publication To evaluate the Ranipool Sikkim. (under process). status of endemic and Distribution and conservation national endemic orchid species in Communicated 02 (two) status of Dactylorhiza hatagirea because it is Sikkim Himalaya. manuscripts for publication, ot of which 01 accepted. endemic to the Hindu- Kush Himalaya. It is categorized as endangered in CAMP Pokhara (2001) conservation list, and strictly banned for collection, utilization and sale and during my field survey I had found a host area at East Sikkim and Sturdy are in under process. Preparation of Orchids NMHS Fellowship Grant Progress Page 5 of 21
species distribution maps of Sikkim Himalaya.
[Annexure V] Artificial hand pollination of Dendrobium nobile was carried out and seeds have been developed but yet to mature.
The collection of morphological data of Dendrobium nobile under controlled condition is in the process. However, morphological data of Diplomeris hirsute were recorded from both controlled as well as natural conduction. In controlled condition it was observed that plants watered To simulate the habitat during February emerged earlier of orchids and study D. nobile and Diplomeris (298 days from last season the effect of increased withering) than other two hirsute) are being grown in temperature on its treatments. However, a day to controlled environment to growth and its bud emergence, flower check the impact of climate phenology. emergence and flower withering change on orchid’s survival. Seed germination at was earlier with April watering as Documentation and natural and in lab Seed germination experiment compared to other treatments. Distribution of selected conduction. is being carried out in Maximum leaf length (11.06cm) orchid species as per controlled condition as well and leaf breath (3.20cm) was the altitude gradient in Pollen viability and as in natural condition. 4. recorded with February watering past and present. germination have plants. check at different Diplomeris hirsuta plant is Studies on seed setting altitude wise. being grown under controlled Seed germination test has been by artificial pollination condition at three different done in natural conduction as and seed germination Compilation of data time of moisture application well as under controlled under different (February, March and April environment temperature regimes. month) to observe its impact Migrated orchids list prepared as on the growth and flowering. Effect of different per herbarium and other temperature regimes [Annexure VI] literature. on pollen viability. Attended and presented poster during the National Conference on “Intensification and diversification in Agriculture for livelihood and rural development’’ at DRPCAU Pusa Bihar (28-31st May’2018)
Attended and presented oral presentation presented during the “9th National Extension Education Congress, CAU Ranipool – Sikkim (15–17th November 2018.) Communicated with IIHR, Banglore for 30 orchid selected for phytochemical analysis. phytochemical analysis Attended and presented Qualitative and Phytochemical poster during the “2nd before May’2019. quantitative profiles of the selected Himalayan Researchers Sample preparation for 13 screening of medicinal orchids. Consortium, Gangtok – 5. th sampled completed Phytochemicals from Sikkim (26–27 List of reported November 2018.) [washed, dried and stored selected medicinal medicinal orchids in Indian medicinal orchid for further analytical orchids. Sikkim list updated (reports & studies]. literatures). Communicated 02 (two) [Annexure VII] manuscripts for publication, ot of which NMHS Fellowship Grant Progress Page 6 of 21
01 accepted. *Experimental work giving full details (in separate sheet, within 300 words) of experimental set up, methods adopted, data collected supported by necessary table, charts, diagrams & photographs. Note: Data, table and figures may be attached as separate source file (.docx, .xls, jpg, .jpeg, .png, .shp, etc. ).
4. Fellowship Description at Institutional/ University Level
Annual Deliverables/ Outputs (during the reporting year)
S. No. Deliverables/ Parameters No. Description 02 Communicated to Peer reviewed Journals, out of 02, 01 is No. of Research accepted. Publications (monograph/ 1. 05 articles/ peer-reviewed Preparing 03 research article and 01 review article manuscript articles): based on medicinal orchids of Sikkim and Database of Orchid diversity in Sikkim. No. of Data Sets 2. 03 Enclosed Annexure-I to VII generated: Poster presentation for H-JRF-005 and Oral along with Poster Presentation for H-JRF-002 at 2nd Himalayan Researchers Consortium-2018, Gangtok, Sikkim (26th to 27th Nov, 2018) and launched Pamphlet of Orchid Database during the event. No. of Conferences/ 3. 02 Workshops attended: H-JRF-003 & H-JRF-004 attended and presented Oral presentation at the 9th National Extension Education Congress (NEEC) on Climate Smart Agricultural Technologies: Innovations and Interventions, 15-17 November’ 2018.
West Sikkim – Yuksom, Dzongri (Tsoka camp), Geyzing, Rinchenpong, Demtam, Sombaria, Barsey, Hilley, Soreng, Daramdin. No. of Sites/ Study Area 4. 27 South Sikkim – Kitam Bird Sanctuary. Covered: East Sikkim – Kartok, Dikling, Pakyong, Parkha, Machong, Linkey, Assam Linzey, Bhushuk, Thegu, Tsongmo, Zuluk, Kupup, Nathang, Rongli, Lamaten, Dikchu. No. of Best Practices Population studies of 02 rare species 5. 02 suitable for IHR: Generated the Database of Orchid diversity New Observations/ Habitat identified for Leconorchis sikkimensis Lindl. 6. 01 Innovations Generated the Database of Orchid diversity.
5. Fellowship Concluding Remarks/ Annual Summary
Conclusions summarizing the achievements and indication of remaining work (within 300 words):
The survey of orchid species has been done from the East and West districts of Sikkim and the mapping process of it has been also done for these two districts. Many of the Genera of orchids had been identified but not their species as it was not in the flowering stage but in its vegetative stage. Accordingly we recorded their location through the GPS. The survey of a particular species in order to identify it properly and mark its location has to be done in a proper way i.e. by carrying out survey looking at its flowering season and elevation wise. Survey till now has recorded only the Genus of Orchid but not the species. Altitudinal wise survey has to be carried out and deep forest survey as well. Work to be carried out: . Looking at the number of orchids found in the Sikkim Himalaya, a survey is to done for species wise NMHS Fellowship Grant Progress Page 7 of 21
mapping of orchid. . The survey is to be carried out looking at the flowering season of a particular species and weather conditions in that time and site as well. . Even though the genus of the orchids has been identified, the identification of Species recorded from the surveyed site has to be done accurately.
Prepared Database web-enabled homepage coding in PHP and Database query in MySql using XAMPP platform and prepared 545 Orchids species list for database web-enabled homepage but 300 Orchids species list with full details. Nearly remaining 250 orchids’ of species are to be developing the new platform for database and prepare Database CD. Survey was carried out in East and West Sikkim regions based on altitudinal distribution of orchids and with reference to their RET status. During the survey new habitat for D. hirsuta was found in North Sikkim. Regarding the Dactylorhiza hatagirea, distribution was found to be endemic in East Sikkim region (Thegu, Tsongmo, Zuluk region) and in Dzongri region (Alpine habitat) of West Sikkim. Work to be carried out: . Based on the status (RET) of the species, more survey work is to be carried out in North and South Sikkim district. . Plot to be fixed in new region after survey for population study.
D. nobile and Diplomeris hirsute are being grown in controlled environment to check the impact of climate change on orchid’s survival. The morphological data of Diplomeris hirsute were recorded from both controlled as well as natural conduction. In controlled condition it was observed that plants watered during February emerged earlier (298 days from last season withering) than other two treatments. However, days to bud emergence, flower emergence and flower withering were earlier with April watering as compared to other treatments. Maximum leaf length (11.06cm) and leaf breath (3.20cm) was recorded with February watering plants. Seed germination test has been done in natural conduction as well as under controlled environment. In conclusion, the plants did not show any response with the temperature however, water treatments at different months/ time showed that plants watered during February showed best results except for leaf length and leaf width followed by April watering and March watering. Migrated orchids list has been prepared as per the herbarium and other available literature. Work to be carried out: . Morphological data of D. nobile as well as Diplomeris hirsute is to be collected. . Collection of data on Seed germination test carried out under both natural as well as controlled condition . Data analysis and preparation of research article on collected data.
Prepared manuscript for publication regarding phytochemical profiling of D. nobile using methanol as solvent.
Work to be carried out: Subsequent work to proceed the on-going phytochemical analysis of medicinal orchids by selecting more number of samples (~ 50 samples before August) using different solvent (methanol, hexane, petroleum ether, ethanol etc.).
6. Specific Research Question(s) Addressed with Succinct Answer(s)
S. Research Questions Succinct Answers (within 150-200 words) No. Addressed Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge and Practices (IKP) on Orchid was done by conducting a survey to farmer’s field at different villages district wise to obtain a local knowledge which is done by communicating and interacting with farmers/ How to collect and practitioners through different questionnaires regarding their knowledge in the systematically utilization of orchid traditionally for any medicinal purpose or as a source of food, document Indigenous their use in rituals or ceremonies or for making any items from different parts such Knowledge and 1. as leaves e.g. Cymbidium leaves used for making baskets in an eco-friendly manner, Practices (IKP) on followed by the identification of the orchid species as mentioned by the farmer Orchid? regarding used in ITK in ICAR, NRCO, Pakyong. By linking the indigenous knowledge systems of the people with farmer, research and extension, the output of researches can be made more fertile and usable.
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What are the criteria are: for the Long term a. Selection of three plots irrespective of species composition at three altitudinal environmental/ zones (Tropical, Temperate and Alpine zones). ecological monitoring b. Selected plots should be in protected area/ reserve plots. of orchid species? c. Easy accessibility. d. Concentration/availability of more species in that particular area/zone. The data on the distribution of endangered species and of suitable habitats is of a major concern to the people working in the field. GIS was used in overlaying maps of the ranges of endangered plant onto maps of habitat areas so as the see the difference in the range of that particular endangered species between a given periods How is GIS helpful time. By using GIS, many researchers/scholars can visualize and generate suitable 3. in conservation of maps to optimize the boundary of a particular site so as to achieve the highest rate of Orchid diversity? orchid diversity in that particular site and also to help in preserving the endangered orchid species. GIS plays a central role in analyzing the geographic distribution of endangered species and has become so widely established in plant conservation with a high degree of accuracy and even rare, endemic species with highly limited habitats can be accurately monitored and mapped for conservation. PHP and MySQL Language
What are the best Utilization of PHP (80,443) and MySQL (4636) language in developing Orchids methods in database for Sikkim Himalayan species and maintain a digital web-enabled orchid 4. developing Orchid database allowing users to access information of species under studies. In due course database? of time, the database will provide information with regards to population distribution, taxonomic features, geographical specifications, morphological and species biology. The orchid’s species which are typically found only in specific altitude range as per our field survey and secondary data from herbarium and other literature, as per the altitude range orchids species are category in following.
Altitude range from 500-2000ft.Dendrobium formosum Roxb, Liparis barbata Lindle., Eria fibuliformis King & Pantaling, Dendrobium pygmacum Lindl.. Which orchid’s Nephelaphyllum grandiflorum Hook.f species are typically Altitude range from 2000-4000ft Mycrostylis wallichic Lindle, Melaxis acuminate 5. found in a specific D. Don, Mycrostylis Oberonia, Oberonia ensiformis Lindle., Dendrobium altitude range? chrysanthum Wall, Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall., Dendrobium denudans Don, Coelogyne flaccida Lindl Altitude range from 4000-6000ft. Otochilus alba, Coelogyne cristata Lindl. Eria coronaria, Eria vittata, Dendrobium ruckeri Lindl., Dendrobium eriaflorum, Liparis resupinata, Dendrobium densiflorium, Altitude range from 6000-8000ft. Dendrobium fusecences, Dendrobium candidum, Bulbophyllum leopardimum, Eria excavate, Phaius albus (Thunia alba). How to standardized Secondary literature reveals there are around 110 species of orchids in Sikkim methods for sample which were used in traditional medicine. preparation? Selection of samples from the updated list of Sikkim medicinal orchids. Air & oven drying of collected samples (10 nos.) at 25-30oC. 6. Which solvent is best Grinding and stored for subsequent analysis. for phytochemical Follow up of all the reported remaining species. assessment in medicinal orchids? Standardization of sample preparation protocol and suitable solvent for different types of orchids.
7. Any Other Information Research Papers/Abstract/Books/Bulletins: 1. D.R. Singh, R.K. Pamarthi, Raj Kumar, D.Rai, A.L. Meitei & P. Kiran Babu. (2019). Traditional artifacts from dried leaves of Cymbidium species (Orchidaceae) in Sikkim, India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (Accepted).
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2. D.R. Singh, R.K. Pamarthi, Raj Kumar, D.Rai, A.L. Meitei & P. Kiran Babu. (2019). Assessment of population distribution and conservation status of Cymbidium whiteae King & Pantl. in the Sikkim Himalaya (Communicated to Kew Bulletin).
Poster Presentations/Conferences/Seminars:
1. Deepak Rai, R.K. Pamarthi, N.T. Bhutia & D.R. Singh. (2018). ITK aspects of Farm produce by Farming community in Sikkim. 9th National Extension Education Congress (NEEC) on Climate Smart Agricultural Technologies: Innovations and Interventions, 15-17 November’ 2018. Ranipool, Sikkim.
2. N.T. Bhutia, N.Sailo, T.L. Bhutia, D. Rai and D.R. Singh. Effect of Temperature and Hunidity on Diplomeris hirsuta (Lindl.) Lindl. 9th National Extension Education Congress (NEEC) on Climate Smart Agricultural Technologies: Innovations and Interventions, 15-17 November’ 2018. Ranipool, Sikkim.
P. Chaturvedi, R.K. Pamarthi & D.R. Singh. (2018). To develop Database of Orchid diversity of Sikkim Himalaya. “2nd Himalayan Researchers Consortium, 26–27th November 2018, Gangtok, Sikkim.
4. A.L. Meitei, R.K. Pamarthi & D.R. Singh (2018). Phytochemical Analysis of native Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Methanol extract method. “2nd Himalayan Researchers Consortium, 26–27th November 2018, Gangtok, Sikkim.
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Report (hard copy) should be submitted to: The Nodal Officer, NMHS-PMU National Mission on Himalayan Studies (NMHS) स्थानﴂसतत ्व कास स ﴂ त राष्ट्रीय हिमालयी पयाा रण एﴂद ब쥍लभ पﴂ गोव G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development (GBPNIHESD) Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263643, Uttarakhand
Report (soft copy) should be submitted to: E-mail: [email protected]
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Annexure I
Collected species capsules for in-vitro culturing of seeds
Aerides odoratum Cymbidium aloifolium Eppidendrum xanthium Arundina graminifolia
Paphiopedilum Dienia ophrydis Calanthe sylvatica Paphiopedilum villosum venustum
Inoculated seeds in the culture room
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Annexure II
ITK questionnaire with progressive farmer Organic apiary at Farmers home
ITK in Farmers house made of bamboo tied with rope Vermicompost pit at Farmers house whose beating is used for scaring the birds, monkey etc.
Observation of Orchid at Farmers place which is used Cymbidium orchid at Farmers house for traditional purpose by the Lepcha community
Fig.1: Tour to Farmers Field for ITK survey at North Sikkim, Lower Dzongu, Dated: 19th-21st July, 2018
Diplomeris hirsuta in habitat Flower buds of D. hirsuta
Collecting datas on Diplomeris hirsuta Habitat photography of D. hirsuta
Fig.2: Identification Of Diplomeris hirsuta at Chavang, Near Seven Sisters Falls at North Sikkim
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Diplomeris hirsuta Observation of D. hirsuta population Morphometric study
Fig.3: Tour to Assam Lingzey for observation of Diplomeris hirsuta Dated: 03/08/2018
Fig.4: Field Survey at Parakha, East Sikkim for studying the orchid species population conducted on August, 2018.
Otochilus lancilabius Dendrobium amplum
Fig.5: Identification of orchid species through Indigenous knowledge and practices (IKP) documentation having indigenous importance to the local community of East Sikkim (December, 2018)
Fig.6: Field Survey at Kitam Bird Sanctuary, Namchi for studying the orchid species population conducted on November, 2018.
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Annexure III
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Annexure IV
Fig.1: Database platform
Fig.2: Database web-enabled Home page
Fig. 3: Database query
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Fig.4: List of Orchids of Sikkim with full species details
Fig.5: IUCN/RET Species of Sikkim with full species details
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Annexure V
Sampling done in Line transects Taking of data observation of Field survey to East Sikkim to methods to sturdy the population Dactylorhiza hatagirea one of the sturdy the orchid’s distribution on terrestrial orchids at East most Medicinal Orchids found in pattern Sikkim Sikkim Himalayan
Full flowering of Cymbidium X gammieanum one of the RET Full flowering of Pleione Wild population of Satyrium Orchids species were found at praecox were observed at West nepalense West Sikkim during Field Sikkim and its Data were Survey and its Data were recorded. observed.
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Annexure VI
Diplomeris hirsute in natural and controlled environments
Dendrobium nobile keikis and mature plant in flowering stage at controlled temperature
Dendrobium nobile keikis in flowering due to Artificial Hand Pollination change in temperature of the house
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Annexure VII
Samples collected/selected for phytochemical analysis
S. No. Species
1. Acampe papillosa*
2. Acampe rigida
3. Aerides odoratum
4. Calanthe sylvatica*
5. Coelogyne fuscescens*
6. Coelogyne corymbosa
7. Coelogyne crsitata
8. Coelogyne fimbriata
9. Coelogyne flaccida*
10. Coelogyne nitida*
11. Coelogyne ovalis
12. Coelogyne prolifera
13. Coelogyne punctulata
14. Cymbidium aloifolium*
15. Cymbidium devonianum*
16. Cymbidium eburneum
17. Cymbidium elegans
18. Cymbidium iridiodes
19. Dendrobium aphyllum
20. Dendrobium chrysanthum
21. Dendrobium moschatum*
22. Eria bambusifolia
23. Eria coronaria
24. Eria javanica
25. Eria paniculata*
26. Phaius mishmensis*
27. Phaius tankervilleae*
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28. Pholidota articulate
29. Pholidota imbricata*
30. Pholidota rubra* *The samples are under drying
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