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Downloaded From IP - 61.247.228.217 on dated 27-Jun-2017 Indian J. Genet J. Indian novelty inthenew Dendrobiums. Allthecharacters describedsupportthe of modernhybrids ofmothtype(or)double humped Guinea, mighthavebeenextensively usedindevelopment traced tooriginwithtimeframewhich indicated that of boththehybrids thatwereusedasparentshasbeen parent andsemiopeninfemale parent. Pedigree record semi-arching over column, unlikebroadly openinmale markers. hybrid, Sidelobesof lipinnew NRCO-42were and whiterespectively inNRCO-42, helpedasphonological 42 (5). andcolumnarewhitishpink The coloroflipthroat flowers arerecorded inD. “Emma White” (9.5)thanNRCO- program andtheirpedigreerecord. Morenumbers of be duetotheparentage ofthehybridsusedincrossing maleparentcould shade atbase. over Colourenrichment cane types)andpurplecolored(RHSN78A)having whitish as parents. and The crossing petals, overlapping petalsandsepals(unlike (Received: August2009;Revised:Accepted:2009) Corresponding author’se-mail: [email protected] Genus Introduction words: Key Dendrobium A new Dendrobium hybrid, NRCO-42isdeveloped using Abstract 3 R. Devadas 42 ( Breeding 1 Dendrobium ( 08. This double hybrid flowered withfeaturesofmothtype obtainedin2007- was doneduring2003-04andflowering established in1799byO.Swartz type hybrid, NRCO-42. Indonesia andeasttoNew Guinea,Australia, distributed fromIndiacrossto Japan,SouthtoMalaysia, phalaenopsis Societatis Upsaliensis Societatis Division ofPlantBreeding,ICARRCNRHR,TripuraCentre,Lembucherra799210 Division ofPlantBreeding, Den Dendrobium “Emma White”and 1 , P.Khatiwara .x White” “Emma , anativespeciestoAustralia andNew D. ., 69(3):237-242(2009) species, Hybridization,sectionCeratobium, Dendrobium Dendrobium Dendrobium phalaenopsis Dendrobium

phalaenopsis D. phalaenopsis D. isthesecondlargestgenus, comprises1400species

nobile 1 phalaenopsis , D.Barman 2 in-vitro Division ofHorticulture,NRCforOrchids,ICAR,Pakyong737106 Dendrobium Dendrobium -cane type)withbigger -cane hybrids -cane typei.e., moth raisingofprogeny Nova Acta Regiae Acta Nova 2 , Dendrobium andS. P. Das “Pompadour” Den D.

nobile . “Pompadour’’) D. - 3 -cane typehybrid inIndia: NRCO- Efforts weremadetodevelopnew though IndiapossessrichbiodiversityofOrchidspecies. characterized anddiscussed inthispaper. exports. OnlyhybridinIndia, for domesticcutflowermarketingandcommercial Asian countriesforimportingnewDendrobiumhybrids with shape,colorandlongvaselifeisinvariablyrequired. marketing requirements,theintroductionofnewvarieties where tourismishighlyconcentrated.So,tofulfillthe many hybridsproducedinSouth-EastAsiancountries, tourism industries.Thiscouldbeoneofthereasonsfor plants inviewofexpansionhotels,resortsandeco- economically importantmainlyascutflowersandpotted and or cultivarsofgenus programs. Broadrangeofattractivehybrids,varieties the mostfrequentlyusedparentsinhybridization Cheow’ and hybrids wasrestrictedtocommercialfirmsonly.The later byJapanandHawaii[4],butdevelopmentofmany had beendonebyEnglishandEuropeanfirmsearlier, of Orchidaceae.EventhoughbreedinginDendrobiums family: Epidendroideae,sub-tribe:Dendrobiinae[2,3] Newzeland andthePacificIsland[1].Itbelongstosub- institute (TBGRI),Keralain1986using developed byTropicalBotanicalGardenandResearch hybrids, hybrid developed,NRCO-42derivedfromtwopopular using twopopularhybridsavailableatthiscenter.New nobile D. phalaenopsis D. At presentIndiaislargelydependingonSoutheast -cane typeDendrobiumsofEasternHimalayas D . “EmmaWhite”and D . ‘TaySweeKeng’asparents,even -cane typeofEasternAsiawere Dendrobium D . “A.Abraham”was D Dendrobium . “Pompadour”is havebecome D . ‘NgEng hybrid D. www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 61.247.228.217 on dated 27-Jun-2017 238 [7, 8].Purplefloralpigmentsofflowercolor supports theviewofredflowercolordominantoverwhite red purplecolor,inheritedfrommaleparent,which broader thanbothparents.Thepetalsandsepalshad 42 arecharacterizedbyoverlapping,compact,flatand rare combination(Fig.1).SepalsandpetalsofNRCO- both parentsandstandardvarietydevelopedinIndia, of flowering.Thehybriddevelopediscomparedwith evaluated forallmorphologicalcharactersatthetime three yearsduringDecember2007.Thecrosswas during 2003-04[5].Plantletsdevelopedwereshiftedto cross washarvestedandraisedunder to ensurecrosspollination.Thecapsuledevelopedfrom of pollen.Emasculationhasdoneonthefemaleparent D D ex-vitro Both theparents, Materials andmethods depicted inflowchart(Fig. 9).Itisevidentthat parents hasbeentracedto originwithtimeframeis pedigree recordofboththe hybrids thatwereusedas is showninTable1.Schematicrepresentationof Pedigree recordoftheparentsalongwithcheckvariety used incrossingprogramandtheirpedigreerecord. male parentcouldbeduetotheparentageofhybrids female parent(Fig.2). broadly openinmaleparent(Fig.3)andsemi NRCO-42 weresemi-archingovercolumn,unlike hybrid, NRCO-42(Fig.1).Sidelobesoflipinnew base ofmaleparent(Fig.3)hadnotexpressedinnew dorsal sepalandnarrowwhitemargintosepalsfrom unlike floralcolorcharacters,theoutcurved(upright) almost white(palewhitishpink)likebothparents.But, flavonol glycosides[9].Similarly,colorofcolumnis sinapyglucoside) anddemalonylderivativeother anthocyanins (cyanidin3-(6-malonylglucoside)-7,3’-di(6- “Pompadour” wereduetothepresenceoftworare White” asfemaleparentand during 2002.Hybridizationwasdoneusing were procuredfromICLFloraExotica,Guwahati,Assam features of N78A) withwhiteshadingatbase(Table3,Fig.1)having The Dendrobiumhybrid,NRCO-42( Results anddiscussion Society colorchart’. flowers wasrecordedwithhelpof‘RoyalHorticultural phalaenopsis . “Pompadour”)floweredwithpurplecolorflowers(RHS . “A.Abraham”[6]asacheckvariety.Colorofthe Colour enrichmentofnewhybridNRCO-42over conditionsandtheF D. , anativespeciestoAustralia andNew

phalaenopsis D . “EmmaWhite”and -cane typeDendrobiumis D 1 . “Pompadour”assource progenyfloweredafter D . “EmmaWhite”x in-vitro D . “Pompadour” D conditions . “Emma R. Devadas et al et Devadas R. D D. . used, breeding programmessince1938.Similarly,maleparent modern hybridsofmothtypeDendrobiums.Flowers Guinea [10]wasusedextensivelyindevelopmentof is duetopreferenceofcompact hybridization [11]forimprovementofDendrobiums.This side lobesarchingandspurbroadwaswidelyusedin & pointed,withdeep-lilaccolorhavingdeepthroat, overlapping sepalsandpetals,longeroblongmidlobe in of differences.Pseudo-stemlengthisrecordedhigher since itsevolvingfrom1929(Fig.9). Rchb.f., used, the parentstoaconsiderableextent,asfemaleparent Lindl., hadbeenintrogressedintoNRCO-42fromboth phalaenopsis D. Lindl.) and The coloroflipthroatandcolumn iswhitishpinkand recorded inD.“EmmaWhite” (9.5)thanNRCO-42(5). cultivar (Table3).But,more numbersofflowersare 1) showedsuperiorityoverboth theparentsandcheck petal size(4.4cmx3.8cm)ofhybrid,NRCO-42(Fig. size (4cmx1.8cm),lateralsepal(4.42 shown inTable2. morphological charactersofhybridandparentsare Islands and a nativespeciesfromPapua,NewGuinea&Solomon ‘Emma white’couldbetracedandattributedto genetic makeoffiveDendrobiumspecies( status ofthatcountry.Thegenome popularity toOrchidcultivation[13]andledtheexport Thailand in1934,provedtobelandmarkasitbrought old hybrid, species ( curved in conical inmaleparent(Fig.7)andconical,pointed& is observedtobebroadlystraight,pointed(Fig.5); broadly bluntmentum(Fig.6),whereasinNRCO-42,it current breedingprogrammeiswhiteandwithgreenish Dendrobium. Mentumshapeoffemaleparentusedin programmes belongtosectionCeratobium[14]ofgenus from Indonesiawereusedinearlierbreeding [12] acrossworldthan fashion constituting87.5%genomelikeBC phalaenopsis phalaenopsis phalaenopsis D. . “Pompadour”thanfemaleparentandhybrid.The The sourceofwhiteclouredDendrobiumslike The flowersize(6.9cmx7.7cm),dorsalsepal D D . “EmmaWhite”isacomplexhybridwith . “Pompadour”isageneticmakeupoftwo D. lineale D. viz D D. phalaenopsis D. . “A.Abraham”(Fig.8)couldmakethelevel ., D. D. lineale D. Lindl.,hasbeenusedfivetimesinseven Lindl.,(asmaleparent)introducedin Lindl., D. discolor D. “Pompadour”wasderivedusing Lindl.,characterizedwithbroad Rolfe.& Rolfe.& D. tokai D. D . Lindley.& nobile wasusedinabackcrossing D. gouldii D. Rchb.f., typehybrids.Popular D. strartoides D. Dendrobium Rchb.f.)and D. phalaenopsis D. D. phalaenopsis D. [Vol. 69,No.3 D. stratoites D. 2 D. gouldii D. progeny Rchb.f., hybrids viz ., D D. D. D. , . www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 61.247.228.217 on dated 27-Jun-2017 Fig. 4. of Flower Fig. 3. of Flower Fig. 2. of Flower Flower ofNRCO-42( Fig. 1. August, 2009] D. D. “Pampadour”) D. D. D. D. “A. Abraham” (Standard check) Abraham”(Standard “A. “Pampadour” (Maleparent) “Emma White” (Femaleparent) D. D. Breeding Dendrobium phalaenopsis-cane type hybrid in India in hybrid type phalaenopsis-cane Dendrobium Breeding “Emma White”x Fig. 5.MentumshapeofNRCO-42 Fig. 8. Mentumshapeof Fig. 7. Mentumshape of Fig. 6. Mentumshapeof D D D . “A. Abraham” . “A. . “Pampadour” . “Emma White” 239 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 61.247.228.217 on dated 27-Jun-2017 240 *At thetimeofflowering D. *Characters Table 2 *O/U–early registrantsandmanyoriginatorsun-knownisindicated asperRoyalHorticulturalSociety(RHS),London,** D RHS registration with of Date/year name D. Originator name Registrant parent Male Characters Table 1 in 2002 superbiens Source ln Size Plant eaeprn D parent Female MorphologicalcharactersofD.“EmmaWhite”,“Pompadour”andtheirhybrid . Pedigreerecordofparents . Fig 9. representationofpedigreerecord Schematic ofparentsandtheirlineage withtimeframe isanaturalhybridof nodcnssm-rc,govspoieto pseudostem – 20 cm semi-erect,grooves prominenton ellipticwithacutetip, pseudostem – 42 cm x narrow color, green 19 cm x 2.9 cm, dark stout, moderately linear, cm, 1.3 on old canes x 1.05cm,linear,semi-erect, grooves side, lower at maroon margins margin atbottom,pseudostem –32cm narrowellipticwith acutetip, 3.5 cm, medium green color, ovate withasymmetricacutetip,green 3.5 cm,mediumgreencolor,narrow “Emma White” D. “Pompadour” D. White” “Emma 55-60cm, /*V TBGRI,Kerala 1986 - ?ID=48162 V. 01/01/1934 IC http://www.rhs.org.uk/plants ?ID=135363 /registerpages/orchiddetails.asp /registerpages/orchiddetails.asp V. http://www.rhs.org.uk/plants 05/09/2006 O/U* T. Orchids,Thailand . “JoanKushima” . “SingaporeWhite” “Emma white”*** D. “Pompadour” D. “A. Abraham” “A. D. “Pompadour” D. white”*** “Emma D. phalaenopsis D. leaves -15.5cmx D . “EmmaWhite”, var.Schroederianumand R. Devadas et al et Devadas R. l ae aeiga o oto,x 1.5 cm, linear, old canes&taperingattopportion, Size D . “Pompadour”andcheckvariety 14.4-25cm, D D . . “LouisBleriot” hleossD phalaenopsis . D. discolor D. leaves , ***Introducedatcenterinitiallyas –15cmx NRCO-42 semi-erect Size (Orchid news’Dec.2004) INGR No.03094, D . ‘TaySweeKeng’ . ‘NgEngCheow’ 401584 32cm, [Vol. 69,No.3 leaves D . ‘White’ – D . x www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 61.247.228.217 on dated 27-Jun-2017 D phonological markersforrecodingdifferences. cultivar ( deep purplewithcreamywhiteanthercapincheck white respectivelyinhybrid,NRCO-42andpurple 1,2 &3arebasedontwoyearsdata(2007-082008-09) days Flowering shape Mentum length Column color Column throat lip of Color size Lip shape Petal size Petal shape sepal Lateral size sepal Lateral shape sepal Dorsal size sepal Dorsal flowers of No. type Flower color Flower size Flower Traits Floral Table 3 August, 2009] counties isobserved,asplants showsemi-deciduous Asiatic origin(India,Southern China&Burma)inother over the noveltyinnewmothtypehybrid,NRCO-42. 3 forcomparison.Allthecharactersdescribedsupport in latter case.Moreover,thedifficulty offloweringobserved flowers attachedtocanes,epiphyticandpendulousin type withlongbranchingfloweringinflorescence,unlike characters ofhybridNRCO-42alongwithparentsand . “A.Abraham”asstandardcheckispresentedinTable D. nobile D. D. nobile D. Preference of FloralcharacteristicsofNRCO-42( . D. check variety -cane typecultivarsandrelated speciesof “A.Abraham”)respectivelyhelpedas -cane typecultivarsisduetoevergreen D. phalaenopsis D. 52 31 1.7 1.6cm 28 Spatulate Yellowish(RHS2D) 1.8cm 4.5 N79B) (RHA Purple 2.8x1.65(cm) 25 Obovate blunt Broadly White Broad, straight&pointed 3.8 x1.5(cm) Yellow Green 3.6x1.9(cm) 1.8 cm Yellowgreen&fine 3.3x1.5(cm) Obovate 4.5 (cm) 2.95 x 3.95 2.6x1.7(cm) pink Whitish tip acute Falcate, 3.75x1.7(cm) 3.3x2.05(cm) (cm) 1.35 x 3.45 pink Whitish 3.5 x1.7(cm) 3.15x1.5(cm) elliptic, Broadly 3.7 x1.45(cm) moderately Oblong Obovate 9.5 with oblong Narrow 4.4 x3.8(cm) Broadly elliptic, out 3.1x1.35(cm) Elliptic withacutetip oblong Narrow 4.4 x 2 (cm) 5.5 x 5.8 (cm) Purple(RHSN78A) Elliptic withobtusetip Purple(RHSN78B) 6.05x6.25(cm) 4 x 1.8 (cm) shading white with Open & semi-compact 5 4.85x(cm) Overlapping &compact Netting White, 145B) (RHS with whiteshadingatbase Purple (RHSN78A) 6.9 x 7.7 (cm) NRCO-42 F 1 Breeding Dendrobium phalaenopsis-cane type hybrid in India in hybrid type phalaenopsis-cane Dendrobium Breeding -cane typecultivars Dendrobium

eaeprn 1 aeprn 2 Std. check (3) Male parent (2) D. Female parent(1) rnig(H 4B (RHS 1D) fringing (RHS145B) curved´tip tip obtuse Floral “Emma White” “EmmaWhite”x cannot beusedascutflowers. nature afterfloweringandrequirecoolwinterphase crossings ofDendrobiumthan type cultivarshavebeendevelopedfromintersectional developed fromspecies flowers. mass multiplicationandcommercial productionofcut stages, unlikecroporiented productionprogramslike as commercialbreedingventuresinIndiaareatinfancy hybrid couldgivegoodinsightforfurtherimprovement, done onacademicinterest,thenoveltyobtainedin Even though,thishybriddevelopment is flower trade. Malaysia andJapanareinvolvedinDendrobiumcut programmes. CountieslikeThailand,Singapore, the otherreasononcompatibilityforsuccessfulbreeding Conical curved withacutetip Open from basetosepals D. Dendrobium “Pompadour” “Pompadour”)withparentsanda D. nobile D. D. nobile D. D. phalaenopsis D. Lindl.[5],couldbe D. D. - curved Conical, pointed& anther cap (RHS 157A) Creamy white Deep purplewith Open andpointed “A. Abhraham” -type cultivars -cane 241 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 61.247.228.217 on dated 27-Jun-2017 242 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. for fieldassistancepropermaintenanceduring is highlyacknowledged.AuthorsthankMr.K.B.Monger Principal Scientist(Horticulture)forraisingtheprogeny The effortsanddedicationofLateDr.V.Nagaraju, Acknowledgements References vitro hardeningphaseofthishybrid. Science, flower colorin Kamemoto H. andStorey W. B. News, from OrchidCentres,NBPGR,PusaCampus. 030094; NationalidentityICNo.401584). K. Gupta V., AnjaliK., A. Chaudhary B. andSinghA. 737106, Sikkim,pp.4. Research CentreforOrchids,ICAR,Pakyong Anonymous. Institute, Trivandrum695011,India.533p. Orchids. TropicalBotanicGardenandResearch Abraham A. and Vatsala P. 1. Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress. Rasmussen F.N. Pridgeon A. M., CribbP. J., ChaseM. W. and the Orchidfamily.CambridgeUniversityPress. Dressler R.L. p. North EastHilalaya.Concept,Siliguri734001,607 LucksomZ. S. 2004. 20 IX : 5-6. Dendrobium : 62-68. 2005.AnnualReport2004-05,National 1993.Phylogenyandclassificationof 2007.TheOrchidsofSikkimand Asystasia gangetica Asystasia 1999.GeneraOrchidacearum.Vol. ‘AAbraham’(INGRNo. 1981.Introductionto 1955.Geneticsof , Linn.Pacific In : News R. Devadas et al et Devadas R. ex- 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. . section EugenantheSchlechter. Ando T. Cavendish Publishers,367p. Teoh E. S. Bangkok. Production. AmarinPrintingandPublishingPLC, Thammasiri K. 72 Charles M. F. UK. Cultivation: Dendrobium.TimberPress,Cambridge, Baker M. L. andBakerC. O. Nursery, 544,King’sRoadd,Chulesa,S.W.pp.69. Cirrhopetalum. JamesVeitch&Sons,RoyalExotic Britain, PartIIIDendrobium,Bulbophyllumand Orchidaceous plantscultivatedunderglassinGreat Veich J. andSons. Ecology, Tatsuzawa F. J. M., ChiaL. S., GohN. K., SaitoN., Toki K. and Williams C.A., GreenhamJ., HarborneJ. B., Kong 257. morphological traitsinredclover.Euphytica, and linkagestudyofisozymeloci Chongqing X. andMosjidisJ. A. University, 1-6. Technical Bulletin,FacultyofHorticulture,Chiba from purpleflowersofDendrobiumcv.‘Pompadour’. (Orchidaceae), Acylatedanthocyaminsandflavonols taxonomy oftheGenusDendrobiumSwarz. : 662-665. 1982.Crossabilityofselectedspeciesinthe 30 2005.OrchidsofAsia.Eds3.Marshall : 667-675. 2002.BiochemicalSystematicsand 2003.Dendrobiumhybrids.Orchids, 1998.TechnologyofOrchid 1887-1894.Amanualof 1996.OrchidSpecies 2001.Inheritance In : Experimental [Vol. 69,No.3 119 : 253-