Indian Floriculture & Orchid Potential of North East India
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An Integrated Orchid Functional Genomics Database
Orchidstra: An Integrated Orchid Functional Genomics Database Special Focus Issue Chun-lin Su1,3, Ya-Ting Chao1,3, Shao-Hua Yen1, Chun-Yi Chen1, Wan-Chieh Chen1, Yao-Chien Alex Chang2 and Ming-Che Shih1,* 1Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan 2Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. 3These authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Fax, +886-2-26515693. (Received November 9, 2012; Accepted January 5, 2013) A specialized orchid database, named Orchidstra (URL: Abbreviations: BLAST, basic local alignment search tool; – Databases http://orchidstra.abrc.sinica.edu.tw), has been constructed CAM, crassulacean acid metabolism; EIF5A, eukaryotic trans- to collect, annotate and share genomic information for lation initiation factor 5A; EST, expressed sequence tag; GO, orchid functional genomics studies. The Orchidaceae is a Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and large family of Angiosperms that exhibits extraordinary bio- Genomes; miRNA, microRNA; NGS, next-generation sequen- diversity in terms of both the number of species and their cing; SRA, sequence read archive; TSA, transcriptome distribution worldwide. Orchids exhibit many unique biolo- shotgun assembly. gical features; however, investigation of these traits is cur- rently constrained due to the limited availability of genomic information. Transcriptome information for five orchid spe- Introduction cies and one commercial hybrid has been included in the Orchidaceae, the orchid family, diverged from the Liliaceae Orchidstra database. Altogether, these comprise >380,000 and Amaryllidaceae, is the largest family of Angiosperms, with non-redundant orchid transcript sequences, of which >800 genera and >25,000 species. -
PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(10): 1865-1887 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.810.217 PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids R. K. Pamarthi, R. Devadas, Raj Kumar, D. Rai, P. Kiran Babu, A. L. Meitei, L. C. De, S. Chakrabarthy, D. Barman and D. R. Singh* ICAR-NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim, India ICAR-IARI, Kalimpong, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Orchids are one of the highly commercial crops in floriculture sector and are robustly exploited due to the high ornamental and economic value. ICAR-NRC for Orchids Pakyong, Sikkim, India, majorly focused on collection, characterization, K e yw or ds evaluation, conservation and utilization of genetic resources available in the country particularly in north-eastern region and developed a National repository of Orchids, Collection, Conservation, orchids. From 1996 to till date, several exploration programmes carried across the Utilization country and a total of 351 species under 94 genera was collected and conserved at Article Info this institute. Among the collections, 205 species were categorized as threatened species, followed by 90 species having breeding value, 87 species which are used Accepted: in traditional medicine, 77 species having fragrance and 11 species were used in 15 September 2019 traditional dietary. Successful DNA bank of 260 species was constructed for Available Online: 10 October 2019 future utilization in various research works. The collected orchid germplasm which includes native orchids was successfully utilized in breeding programme for development of novel varieties and hybrids. -
Toskar Newsletter
TOSKAR NEWSLETTER A Quarterly Newsletter of the Orchid Society of Karnataka (TOSKAR) Vol. No. 4; Issue: ii; 2017 THE ORCHID SOCIETY OF KARNATAKA www.toskar.org ● [email protected] From the Editor’s Desk TOSKAR NEWSLETTER 21st June 2017 The much-awaited monsoon has set in and it is a sight to see EDITORIAL BOARD shiny green and happy leaves and waiting to put forth their best (Vide Circular No. TOSKAR/2016 Dated 20th May 2016) growth and amazing flowers. Orchids in tropics love the monsoon weather and respond with a luxurious growth and it is also time for us (hobbyists) to ensure that our orchids are fed well so that Chairman plants put up good vegetative growth. But do take care of your Dr. Sadananda Hegde plants especially if you are growing them in pots and exposed to continuous rains, you may have problems! it is alright for mounted plants. In addition, all of us have faced problems with Members snails and slugs, watch out for these as they could be devastating. Mr. S. G. Ramakumar Take adequate precautions with regard to onset of fungal and Mr. Sriram Kumar bacterial diseases as the moisture and warmth is ideal for their multiplication. This is also time for division or for propagation if Editor the plants have flowered. Dr. K. S. Shashidhar Many of our members are growing some wonderful species and hybrids in Bangalore conditions and their apt care and culture is Associate Editor seen by the fantastic blooms. Here I always wanted some of them Mr. Ravee Bhat to share their finer points or tips for care with other growers. -
Medicinal Properties of Some Dendrobium Orchids – a Review
J Appl Adv Res 2019: 4(4) Journal of Applied and Advanced Research, 2019: 4(4) 119128 http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i4.72 ISSN 2519-9412 / © 2019 Phoenix Research Publishers Review Article – Ethnobotany Medicinal properties of some Dendrobium orchids – A review M. Koperuncholan1, R. Praveena1, K. Ganeshkumari1, J. Vanithamani1, P. Muruganantham1 ,1٭T. Ramesh P. Renganathan2 1Department of Botany, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli –620005, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Botany (DDE), Annamalai University Annamalainagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India (Received: 19-01-2019; Accepted 22-08-2019; Published Online 26-08-2019) Corresponding author٭ Abstract Orchids are known for their aesthetic qualities, and they are often used as decorative items in homes, offices, and public places. While most people admire them for their good looks, others have found practical uses for them. Since a long time ago, people from various parts of the world have used orchids for medicinal purposes. However, the use of orchids in medicine has declined over the years because not enough research has been done to determine their effectiveness and adverse effects. Key words: Medicinal, orchids, Dendrobium Introduction distributed in Taiwan (Lin, 1975). D. candidum is native to the regions of Southern China. In the mountain ranges of Yun- Dendrobium is the second largest genus in the family Orchidaceae. It exhibits a vast diversity in vegetative and Nan, Guang-Xi, Gui-Zhou, and Fu-Jian provinces of China, this species is distributed at an elevation of 900–1500m above floral characteristics and is of considerable interest due to its broad geographic distribution and high value of hybrids as a sea level, with an annual average temperature of 12–188C and floricultural commodity (Hawkes, 1970; Jones et al., 1998). -
Review Article Organic Compounds: Contents and Their Role in Improving Seed Germination and Protocorm Development in Orchids
Hindawi International Journal of Agronomy Volume 2020, Article ID 2795108, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2795108 Review Article Organic Compounds: Contents and Their Role in Improving Seed Germination and Protocorm Development in Orchids Edy Setiti Wida Utami and Sucipto Hariyanto Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia Correspondence should be addressed to Sucipto Hariyanto; [email protected] Received 26 January 2020; Revised 9 May 2020; Accepted 23 May 2020; Published 11 June 2020 Academic Editor: Isabel Marques Copyright © 2020 Edy Setiti Wida Utami and Sucipto Hariyanto. ,is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In nature, orchid seed germination is obligatory following infection by mycorrhizal fungi, which supplies the developing embryo with water, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, causing the seeds to germinate relatively slowly and at a low germination rate. ,e nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds found in 1922 is applicable to in vitro propagation. ,e success of seed germination in vitro is influenced by supplementation with organic compounds. Here, we review the scientific literature in terms of the contents and role of organic supplements in promoting seed germination, protocorm development, and seedling growth in orchids. We systematically collected information from scientific literature databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest, as well as published books and conference proceedings. Various organic compounds, i.e., coconut water (CW), peptone (P), banana homogenate (BH), potato homogenate (PH), chitosan (CHT), tomato juice (TJ), and yeast extract (YE), can promote seed germination and growth and development of various orchids. -
Distribution of Vascular Epiphytes Along a Tropical Elevational Gradient: Disentangling Abiotic and Biotic Determinants
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Distribution of vascular epiphytes along a tropical elevational gradient: disentangling abiotic and Received: 23 June 2015 Accepted: 16 December 2015 biotic determinants Published: 22 January 2016 Yi Ding1, Guangfu Liu2, Runguo Zang1, Jian Zhang3,4, Xinghui Lu1 & Jihong Huang1 Epiphytic vascular plants are common species in humid tropical forests. Epiphytes are influenced by abiotic and biotic variables, but little is known about the relative importance of direct and indirect effects on epiphyte distribution. We surveyed 70 transects (10 m × 50 m) along an elevation gradient (180 m–1521 m) and sampled all vascular epiphytes and trees in a typical tropical forest on Hainan Island, south China. The direct and indirect effects of abiotic factors (climatic and edaphic) and tree community characteristics on epiphytes species diversity were examined. The abundance and richness of vascular epiphytes generally showed a unimodal curve with elevation and reached maximum value at ca. 1300 m. The species composition in transects from high elevation (above 1200 m) showed a more similar assemblage. Climate explained the most variation in epiphytes species diversity followed by tree community characteristics and soil features. Overall, climate (relative humidity) and tree community characteristics (tree size represented by basal area) had the strongest direct effects on epiphyte diversity while soil variables (soil water content and available phosphorus) mainly had indirect effects. Our study suggests that air humidity is the most important abiotic while stand basal area is the most important biotic determinants of epiphyte diversity along the tropical elevational gradient. Understanding the mechanisms of species distributions at different spatial scales remains a central question of community ecology and biogeography1. -
Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants As Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities
biomolecules Review Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants as Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities Ari Satia Nugraha 1,* , Bawon Triatmoko 1 , Phurpa Wangchuk 2 and Paul A. Keller 3,* 1 Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia; [email protected] 2 Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; [email protected] 3 School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.S.N.); [email protected] (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-3-3132-4736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.) Received: 17 December 2019; Accepted: 21 January 2020; Published: 24 January 2020 Abstract: This is an extensive review on epiphytic plants that have been used traditionally as medicines. It provides information on 185 epiphytes and their traditional medicinal uses, regions where Indigenous people use the plants, parts of the plants used as medicines and their preparation, and their reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological properties aligned with their traditional uses. These epiphytic medicinal plants are able to produce a range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, and a total of 842 phytochemicals have been identified to date. As many as 71 epiphytic medicinal plants were studied for their biological activities, showing promising pharmacological activities, including as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. There are several species that were not investigated for their activities and are worthy of exploration. -
Phytogeographic Review of Vietnam and Adjacent Areas of Eastern Indochina L
KOMAROVIA (2003) 3: 1–83 Saint Petersburg Phytogeographic review of Vietnam and adjacent areas of Eastern Indochina L. V. Averyanov, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tien Hiep, D. K. Harder Leonid V. Averyanov, Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Phan Ke Loc, Department of Botany, Viet Nam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Nguyen Tien Hiep, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources of the National Centre for Natural Sciences and Technology of Viet Nam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Dan K. Harder, Arboretum, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] The main phytogeographic regions within the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula are delimited on the basis of analysis of recent literature on geology, geomorphology and climatology of the region, as well as numerous recent literature information on phytogeography, flora and vegetation. The following six phytogeographic regions (at the rank of floristic province) are distinguished and outlined within eastern Indochina: Sikang-Yunnan Province, South Chinese Province, North Indochinese Province, Central Annamese Province, South Annamese Province and South Indochinese Province. Short descriptions of these floristic units are given along with analysis of their floristic relationships. Special floristic analysis and consideration are given to the Orchidaceae as the largest well-studied representative of the Indochinese flora. 1. Background The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, comprising the largest area in the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula, is situated along the southeastern margin of the Peninsula. -
The Genus Liparis Len Field 64
Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc Urochilus (Pterostylis) sanguineus Print Post Approved Volume 28 Nº 6 PP 543662/00018 July 2004 NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA POST OFFICE BOX 565 UNLEY SOUTH AUSTRALIA 5061 The Native Orchid Society of South Australia promotes the conservation of orchids through the preservation of natural habitat and through cultivation. Except with the documented official representation of the management committee, no person may represent the Society on any matter. All native orchids are protected in the wild; their collection without written Government permit is illegal. PRESIDENT SECRETARY Bodo Jensen: Cathy Houston telephone 8243 0251 work 8347 2005 telephone 8356 7356 VICE PRESIDENT Bob Bates COMMITTEE Peter McCauley Brendan Killen Malcolm Guy David Pettifor EDITOR TREASURER David Hirst Iris Freeman 14 Beaverdale Avenue ASSISTANT TREASURER Windsor Gardens SA 5087 Bill Dear Telephone 8261 7998 telephone 8296 2111 Email [email protected] mobile 0414 633941 LIFE MEMBERS Mr R. Hargreaves† Mr D. Wells Mr H. Goldsack† Mr G. Carne Mr R. Robjohns† Mr R Bates Mr J. Simmons† Mr R Shooter Mr. L. Nesbitt Registrar of Judges: Reg Shooter Trading Table: Judy Penney Field Trips and Conservation: Thelma Bridle telephone 8384 4174 Tuber bank Coordinator: Malcolm Guy telephone 8276 7350 New Members Coordinator: David Pettifor telephone 0416 095095 PATRON Mr T. R. N. Lothian The Native Orchid Society of South Australia, while taking all due care, take no responsibility for loss or damage to any plants whether at shows, meetings or exhibits. Views or opinions expressed by authors of articles within this Journal do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the management committee. -
PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (In English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)
Original language: English PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (in English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) Quick scan of Orchidaceae species in European commerce as components of cosmetic, food and medicinal products Prepared by Josef A. Brinckmann Sebastopol, California, 95472 USA Commissioned by Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO CITES Management Authorithy of Switzerland and Lichtenstein 2014 PC22 Doc 22.1 – p. 1 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 7 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Information about the Databases Used ...................................................................................................... 11 1. Anoectochilus formosanus .................................................................................................................. 13 1.1. Countries of origin ................................................................................................................. 13 1.2. Commercially traded forms ................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1. Anoectochilus Formosanus Cell Culture Extract (CosIng) ............................................ 13 1.2.2. Anoectochilus Formosanus Extract (CosIng) ................................................................ 13 1.3. Selected finished -
A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species from Lao PDR
A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas, Mark Newman Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa & Sounthone Ketphanh June 2006 A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas1 Dr Mark Newman1 Dr Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa2 Mr Sounthone Ketphanh3 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2 National University of Lao PDR 3 Forest Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Lao PDR Supported by Darwin Initiative for the Survival of the Species Project 163-13-007 Cover illustration: Orchids and Cycads for sale near Gnommalat, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR, May 2006 (photo courtesy of Darwin Initiative) CONTENTS Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations used in this report Acknowledgements Summary _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) - background ____________________________________________________________________ 1 Lao PDR and CITES ____________________________________________________________ 1 Review of Plant Species Listed Under CITES Appendix I and II ____________ 1 Results of the Review_______________________________________________________ 1 Comments _____________________________________________________________________ 3 1. CITES Listed Plants in Lao PDR ______________________________________________ 5 1.1 An Introduction to CITES and Appendices I, II and III_________________ 5 1.2 Current State of Knowledge of the -
Three Novel Biphenanthrene Derivatives and a New Phenylpropanoid Ester from Aerides Multiflora and Their Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity
plants Article Three Novel Biphenanthrene Derivatives and a New Phenylpropanoid Ester from Aerides multiflora and Their a-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity May Thazin Thant 1,2, Boonchoo Sritularak 1,3,* , Nutputsorn Chatsumpun 4, Wanwimon Mekboonsonglarp 5, Yanyong Punpreuk 6 and Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid 1 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] (M.T.T.); [email protected] (K.L.) 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pharmacy, Yangon 11031, Myanmar 3 Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] 5 Scientific and Technological Research Equipment Centre, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] 6 Department of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-2218-8356 Abstract: A phytochemical investigation on the whole plants of Aerides multiflora revealed the presence of three new biphenanthrene derivatives named aerimultins A–C (1–3) and a new natural Citation: Thant, M.T.; Sritularak, B.; phenylpropanoid ester dihydrosinapyl dihydroferulate (4), together with six known compounds Chatsumpun, N.; Mekboonsonglarp, (5–10). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic W.; Punpreuk, Y.; Likhitwitayawuid, data. All of the isolates were evaluated for their a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Aerimultin C K. Three Novel Biphenanthrene (3) showed the most potent activity. The other compounds, except for compound 4, also exhibited Derivatives and a New stronger activity than the positive control acarbose.