DOCSLIB.ORG

Orchids in Two Protected Forests in Kohima District of Nagaland, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Orchids in Two Protected Forests in Kohima District of Nagaland, India Pleione 11(2): 349 - 366. 2017. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy doi:10.26679/Pleione.11.2.2017.349-366 A checklist of orchids in two protected forests in Kohima district of Nagaland, India Wenyitso Kapfo1 and Neizo Puro Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, Nagaland, India. 1 Corresponding Author, e-mail: [email protected] [Received 17.10.2017; Revised 21.11.2017; Accepted 19.12.2017; Published 31.12.2017] Abstract Two protected forests in Kohima District viz. Pulie Badze Wildlife Sanctuary and Jotsoma Community Forest are hosts to a rich diversity of orchids. This paper reports 66 species from 32 genera of Orchidaceae from these two Protected Areas. Key words: Kohima district, Pulie Badze Wildlife Sanctuary, Jotsoma Community Forest, Orchid diversity INTRODUCTION The word orchid evokes superlative terms associated with beauty, diversity and range of distribution. Being estimated at well over 25,000 species, belonging to ca 800 genera, (Chen et al 2009), Orchidaceae remains the largest family among families of flowering plants. India is host to 1378 species of orchids (Verma & Lavania 2014), of which, 860 species occur in its NE region (Chowdhery 2009). In the state of Nagaland, 396 species, belonging to 86 genera, have been described (Deb & Imchen 2008) even as more and more are being added to the local orchid flora by various authors (Chaturvedi et al. 2012; Jakha et al. 2014; Jakha et al. 2015; Deb et al. 2015; Deb et al. 2016; Rongsengsashi et al. 2016). This paper lists 66 species belonging to 32 genera of Orchidaceae occurring in the study area. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study area is located between 25° 35. 800' to 25° 40.100' N latitudes and 94°01.700' to 90°05. 800' E longitudes, spanning an altitude range from 1500m amsl to about 3000m amsl. The vegetation of the study site is Northern Sub-Tropical Broad-leaved Hill Forest (Champion & Seth 1968). Lying SW on the fringes of Kohima town and contiguous with the second highest peak, Japfu, in Nagaland, the study area comprises two adjacent and contiguous sites namely Pulie Badze Wildlife Sanctuary (25° 37. 240' to 25° 39.800' N and 94°04.150' to 90°05. 800' E) and Jotsoma Community Forest (25° 35. 800' to 25° 40.100' N and 94°01.700' to 90°04. 250' E). The two protected areas collectively cover a total area of about 50 sq km. The climate of the study area is of monsoon type with high humidity level, experiencing an annual rainfall average of 1900 mm, concentrated during May to October, and temperature ranges from 8° C to about 25° C. The drainage pattern is mainly dendritic, brown forest soil (inceptisol) is the major type of soil found in the entire district of Kohima. The study site is fairly well preserved due to the joint effort of villagers and the state government. It shows very dense to moderately dense forest cover (FSI 2011), comprising climax community of trees and luxuriant epiphytic growth, including a rich diversity of orchids. 350 Orchids in two protected forests of Kohima district This paper is the product of regular field trips conducted over 5 years, from 2012 to 2016. Review of orchid flora of Nagaland, by various authors (Changkija et al. 1992; Deorani & Naithani1995; Hynniewta et al. 2000; Deb et al. 2003; Deb & Imchen 2008), provided valuable guidance. The fresh specimens were collected in the field, processed and made into mounted herbarium sheets following the standard method as outlined by Jain & Rao (1977). These were then examined and identified with the help of literature and comparison with herbarium specimens at ASSAM and the herbarium in department of Botany, Nagaland University (NU). The herbarium specimens were then deposited at NU. Protologue reference and the name of the author have been cited against each taxon. Notes on distribution at global level is given after Chen et al (2009), while for the country and state level distribution, Deb & Imchen (2008) is primarily followed. Additional data including time of flowering, habitat, specimen number and date of collection are furnished against each species. ENUMERATION The checklist is enumerated in alphabetical order, firstly using the initial of the generic name, and then the initial of the specific epithets. AERIDES Lour. About 20 species in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Indochina, and Malaysia to the Philippines and Indonesia; 10 species in India; 5 species in Nagaland Aerides odorata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 525. 1790. Aerides odorata var. demidovii Linden, Lindenia 1: t. 14. 1885. Aerides odorata var. ballantiniana (Rchb.f.) A.H.Kent, Man. Orchid. Pl. 7: 78. 1891. Stem stout; leaf blade thickly leathery and unequally bilobed; sepals and petals white, tinged with purple, spur apex greenish. Flowering: June – July; Habitat: Epiphytic on tree bark in subtropical mixed forest; Exsiccatae: NUK-040, dated 24.08.2014. AGROSTOPHYLLUM Blume 40 to 50 species in Old World tropics, Seychelles and tropical Asia east to the Pacific islands with New Guinea as center of distribution; 4 species in India and 3 in Nagaland. Agrostophyllum callosum Rchb.f. in Seemann, Fl. Vit. 296. 1868. Rhizome creeping, 3 – 4 mm in diam.; leaves several, distichous, attenuate, unequally bilobed, inflorescence subcapitate. Flowering: July – August; Habitat: Epiphytic on tree bark in subtropical mixed forest; Exsiccatae: NUK-050, dated 30.09.2016. ANTHOGONIUM Wall. ex Lindl. 1 species: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, N India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. 1 species in India and 1 in Nagaland. Anthogonium gracile Wall. ex Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot. 2: 341. 1836. Anthogonium griffithii Rchb.f., Bonplandia (Hannover) 2: 90. 1854. Anthogonium corydaloides Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 66. 1919. Wenyitso Kapfo &Neizo Puro 351 Plants up to 40 cm tall; pseudobulbs 1 – 2 cm in diam.; leaves 2 – 5, papery; inflorescence erect, 4 – 6 laxly flowered; sepals and petals and lip pink. Flowering: July – November; Habitat: Terrestrial in open spaces and road side; Exsiccatae: NUK-085, dated 02.09.2012. ARACHNIS Blume About 13 species in NE India, Asia to Indonesia, New Guinea, and the Pacific islands. 2 species in India, 1 in Nagaland. Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f. in Bot. Centralbl. 28: 343. 1886. Arachnis labrosa var. labrosa, zhai chun zhi zhu lan (yuan bian zhong), Fl. China. 25: 466. 2009. Stem rigid with many nodes; leaves distichous, up to 2.5 cm broad, obtusely unequally bilobed; inflorescence up to 1 m long; flowers lax; sepals and petals greenish yellow, with prominent red-brown markings on both; petals 4 – 5 mm wide. Flowering: August – September; Habitat: Epiphytic on tree bark in subtropical mixed forest; Exsiccatae: NUK- 061, dated 29.08.2014. BULBOPHYLLUM Thouars About 1,900 species, chiefly in tropical areas of both Old and New Worlds. About 100 species in India and 35 in Nagaland. Bulbophyllum reptans (Lindl.) Lindl. ex Wall., Numer. List 1988. 1829. Phyllorkis reptans (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 677 1891. Rhizome creeping, branched, sheathed; pseudobulbs ovoid, 1 – 2 cm in diam. with a terminal, narrowly oblong leaf; inflorescence much shorter than leaves, few flowered; sepals and petals pale yellow, lip with brownish purple stripes. Flowering: January – October; Habitat: Epiphytic on tree bark in mixed subtropical and temperate forest; Exsiccatae: NUK-082, dated 10.03.2014. Bulbophyllum retusiusculum Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1869: 1182. 1869. Bulbophyllum flavisepalum Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 131. 1912. Creeping rhizome giving off ovoid pseudobulb about 3cm apart, each with a terminal leaf. Inflorescence 15cm long bearing up to 9 flowers, petals red-veined. Flowering: September – December; Habitat: Both epiphytic on tree bark in Rhododendron forest and terrestrial on mossy forest floor; Exsiccatae: NUK-096, dated 22.09.2012. Bulbophyllum rothschildianum (O’Brien) J.J.Sm. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg II, 8: 27. 1912. Cirrhopetalum rothschildianum O’Brien in Gard. Chron. III, 18: 609. 1895. Mastigion rothschildianum (O’Brien) Lucksom, Orchids Sikkim N.E. Himalaya: 682. 2007. Rhizome stout with sheaths, pseudobulb ovoid with a terminal leaf; flowers in umbels, 2-4 flowered; petals purplish red, lateral sepals up to 15 cm long, caudate and papillate. Flowering: September – October; Habitat: Epiphytic on tree bark in mixed subtropical and secondary forest; Exsiccatae: NUK-076, dated 04.09.2014. Bulbophyllum umbellatum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 56. 1830. Cirrhopetalum maculosum Lindl. in Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 27(Misc.): 81. 1841. Bolbophyllopsis maculosa Rchb.f. in Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 243. 1861. Bulbophyllum saruwatarii Hayata in Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 72. 1916. Bulbophyllum annamicum (Finet) T.B.Nguyen & D.H.Duong, Fl. Taynguyen. Enum. 196. 1984. 352 Orchids in two protected forests of Kohima district Creeping rhizome, giving off pseudobulb of 1-2 cm in diam., 1-2cm apart from each other; scapes arising from base of pseudobulb, umbels 2 – 4 flowered; petals greenish yellow. Flowering: April – July; Habitat: Epiphytic on tree bark in mixed subtropical and secondary forest; Exsiccatae: NUK-031, dated 23.07.2014. Bulbophyllum wallichii Rchb.f. in Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 259. 1861. Phyllorchis wallichii (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 676. 1891. Bulbophyllum refractoides Seidenf. in Bot. Tidsskr. 65: 342. 1970. Tripudianthes wallichii (Rchb.f.) Szlach. & Kras, Richardiana in 7: 96. 2007. Pseudobulbs nearly contiguous, leaves deciduous at anthesis, inflorescence with many nodding flowers; perianth yellow with purple spots. Flowering: May – June; Habitat: Epiphytic on tree bark in Rhododendron forest; Exsiccatae: NUK-026, dated 23.06.2012. CALANTHE R.Br. About 150 species: tropical and subtropical Asia, Australia, New Guinea, SW Pacific islands, tropical Africa and Central and NW South America. 23 species in India and 22 in Nagaland. Calanthe brevicornu Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 251.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(10): 1865-1887 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.810.217 PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids R. K. Pamarthi, R. Devadas, Raj Kumar, D. Rai, P. Kiran Babu, A. L. Meitei, L. C. De, S. Chakrabarthy, D. Barman and D. R. Singh* ICAR-NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim, India ICAR-IARI, Kalimpong, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Orchids are one of the highly commercial crops in floriculture sector and are robustly exploited due to the high ornamental and economic value. ICAR-NRC for Orchids Pakyong, Sikkim, India, majorly focused on collection, characterization, K e yw or ds evaluation, conservation and utilization of genetic resources available in the country particularly in north-eastern region and developed a National repository of Orchids, Collection, Conservation, orchids. From 1996 to till date, several exploration programmes carried across the Utilization country and a total of 351 species under 94 genera was collected and conserved at Article Info this institute. Among the collections, 205 species were categorized as threatened species, followed by 90 species having breeding value, 87 species which are used Accepted: in traditional medicine, 77 species having fragrance and 11 species were used in 15 September 2019 traditional dietary. Successful DNA bank of 260 species was constructed for Available Online: 10 October 2019 future utilization in various research works. The collected orchid germplasm which includes native orchids was successfully utilized in breeding programme for development of novel varieties and hybrids.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchids of Bhutan Susanne Masters Outlines the Species Found in This Small Country In
    The orchids in habitat Orchid Review Susanne Masters Susanne Susanne Masters Susanne Orchids of Bhutan SuSanne MaSterS outlines the species found in this small country in the Himalayas, the diversity of their Coelogyne nitida was one of the orchids featured in Bhutan’s set of orchid stamps issued in 1976 habitats, and also discusses uses of Masters Susanne orchids locally and their conservation Epiphytic Dendrobium falconeri can be seen growing on trees near Dochula Pass Susanne Masters Susanne Dochula Pass is a gateway through the mountains when heading east from Butan’s capital, Thimphu. 108 chortens on the pass commemorate Butanese soldiers killed fighting Indian rebels in 2003 Galearis spathulata, prevoiusly Aorchis spathulata, grows on damp ground, in open spaces ➤ 96 June 2015 June 2015 97 The orchids in habitat Orchid Review HuTaNEsE ORCHIds Environmental protection A diversity of habitats and 4,000m, forests are home to Masters Susanne span the alphabet from Economic exploitation of Bhutan’s Bhutan is one of the smallest countries orchid species that flower from spring BAcampe to Zeuxine. In the natural resources has been tempered in asia, occupying 384,394sq km. It through to autumn. In the subtropical capital city, Thimphu, it is easy and by legislation that prioritizes preserv- is located in the eastern Himalayas, at zone, between 150m and 2,000m, inexpensive to buy excellent, English ation. In fact, the Constitution of the the intersection of two biogeographic there are tropical and subtropical language wildlife guides, written Kingdom of Bhutan states in article realms, the warm Indo-Malayan and forests, and grasslands, and orchid by Bhutanese people able to bring 5.1 that ‘Every Bhutanese is a trustee the temperate Palearctic.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
    Annual Research & Review in Biology 35(5): 63-81, 2020; Article no.ARRB.57913 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India Preshina Rai1 and Saurav Moktan1* 1Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author PR conducted field study, collected data and prepared initial draft including literature searches. Author SM provided taxonomic expertise with identification and data analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i530226 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rishee K. Kalaria, Navsari Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Sameh Cherif, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Ricardo Moreno-González, University of Göttingen, Germany. (3) Nelson Túlio Lage Pena, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57913 Received 06 April 2020 Accepted 11 June 2020 Original Research Article Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: This communication deals with the diversity and distribution including host species distribution of vascular epiphytes also reflecting its phenological observations. Study Design: Random field survey was carried out in the study site to identify and record the taxa. Host species was identified and vascular epiphytes were noted. Study Site and Duration: The study was conducted in the sub-temperate forests of Darjeeling Himalaya which is a part of the eastern Himalaya hotspot. The zone extends between 1200 to 1850 m amsl representing the amalgamation of both sub-tropical and temperate vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Floriculture & Orchid Potential of North East India
    ORCHIDS: COMMERCIAL PROSPECTS Courtesy: Dr. R. P. Medhi, Director National Research Centre for Orchids Pakyong, East Sikkim ORCHID FLOWER-UNIQUENESS INDIA FAVORING ORCHIDS Total land area of India - 329 million hectare. India is situated between 6o45’-37 o6’N latitude 68o7’-97o25’E longitudes. The distribution pattern reveals five major plant geographical regions viz., o North Eastern Himalayas o Peninsular region o Western Himalayas o Westerns Ghats and o Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands ORCHID RESOURCES OF INDIA (Number of Species-total) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 No. of species No. 300 200 100 0 Himalayan Eastern Peninsular Central Andaman mountain Himalayas India India & and region Gangetic Nicobar plains Islands Regions STATE WISE ORCHID DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA Name of the State Orchids (Number) Name of the Orchids (Number) State Genus Species Genus Species Andaman & Nicobar Group of Islands 59 117 Maharashtra 34 110 Andhra Pradesh 33 67 Manipur 66 251 Arunachal Pradesh 133 600 Meghalaya 104 352 Assam 75 191 Mizoram 74 246 Bihar (incl. Jharkhand) 36 100 Nagaland 63 241 Chhatisgarh 27 68 Orissa 48 129 Goa, Daman & Diu 18 29 Punjab 12 21 Gujrat 10 25 Rajasthan 6 10 Haryana 3 3 Sikkim 122 515 Himachal Pradesh 24 62 Tamil Nadu 67 199 Jammu & Kashmir 27 51 Tripura 34 48 Karnataka 52 177 Uttaranchal 72 237 Kerela 77 230 Uttar Pradesh 19 30 Madhya Pradesh (inc. Chhattisgarh) 34 89 ORCHID RESOURCES OF INDIA (Endemic) 6 15 13 10 76 88 N.E. INDIA E. INDIA W. INDIA PENINSULAR INDIA W. HIMALAYAS ANDAMANS ORCHID RESOURCES OF INDIA (Endangered) 52 34 25 105 44 N.E.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species from Lao PDR
    A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas, Mark Newman Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa & Sounthone Ketphanh June 2006 A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas1 Dr Mark Newman1 Dr Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa2 Mr Sounthone Ketphanh3 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2 National University of Lao PDR 3 Forest Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Lao PDR Supported by Darwin Initiative for the Survival of the Species Project 163-13-007 Cover illustration: Orchids and Cycads for sale near Gnommalat, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR, May 2006 (photo courtesy of Darwin Initiative) CONTENTS Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations used in this report Acknowledgements Summary _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) - background ____________________________________________________________________ 1 Lao PDR and CITES ____________________________________________________________ 1 Review of Plant Species Listed Under CITES Appendix I and II ____________ 1 Results of the Review_______________________________________________________ 1 Comments _____________________________________________________________________ 3 1. CITES Listed Plants in Lao PDR ______________________________________________ 5 1.1 An Introduction to CITES and Appendices I, II and III_________________ 5 1.2 Current State of Knowledge of the
    [Show full text]
  • Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An Annotated Checklist
    Banko Janakari, Vol 29 No. 2, 2019 Pp 28‒41 Karki & Ghimire https://doi.org:10.3126/banko.v29i2.28097 Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An annotated checklist S. Karki1* and S. K. Ghimire1 Suspa-Kshamawoti area of Dolakha district covers diverse vegetation types and harbors many interesting species of orchids. This paper documents 69 species of orchids covering 33 genera based on repeated field surveys and herbarium collections. Of them, 50 species are epiphytic (including lithophytes) and 19 species are terrestrial. Information regarding habit and habitat, phenology, host species and elevational range of distribution of each species are provided in the checklist. Keywords : Bulbophyllum, Nepal, Orchidaceae rchids are one of the most diverse and contributions on documentation of orchid flora are highly evolved groups of flowering made by Bajracharya (2001; 2004); Rajbhandari Oplants, and orchidaceae is the largest and Bhattrai (2001); Bajracharya and Shrestha family comprising 29,199 species and are (2003); Rajbhandari and Dahal (2004); Milleville globally distributed (Govaerts et al., 2017). Out and Shrestha (2004); Subedi et al. (2011); of them, two-third belong to epiphytes (Zotz and Rajbhandari (2015); Raskoti (2015); Raskoti and Winkler, 2013). In Nepal, orchidaceae is one of Ale (2009; 2011; 2012; 2019) and Bhandari et al. the major families amongst the higher flowering (2016 b; 2019). Suspa-Kshamawoti, the northern plants and comprises 502 taxa belonging to 108 part of the Dolakha district covers diverse genera, which forms around 8 percent of our flora vegetation and harbors some interesting species (Raskoti and Ale, 2019). The number of species of orchids. Bhandari et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Novel Biphenanthrene Derivatives and a New Phenylpropanoid Ester from Aerides Multiflora and Their Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity
    plants Article Three Novel Biphenanthrene Derivatives and a New Phenylpropanoid Ester from Aerides multiflora and Their a-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity May Thazin Thant 1,2, Boonchoo Sritularak 1,3,* , Nutputsorn Chatsumpun 4, Wanwimon Mekboonsonglarp 5, Yanyong Punpreuk 6 and Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid 1 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] (M.T.T.); [email protected] (K.L.) 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pharmacy, Yangon 11031, Myanmar 3 Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] 5 Scientific and Technological Research Equipment Centre, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] 6 Department of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-2218-8356 Abstract: A phytochemical investigation on the whole plants of Aerides multiflora revealed the presence of three new biphenanthrene derivatives named aerimultins A–C (1–3) and a new natural Citation: Thant, M.T.; Sritularak, B.; phenylpropanoid ester dihydrosinapyl dihydroferulate (4), together with six known compounds Chatsumpun, N.; Mekboonsonglarp, (5–10). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic W.; Punpreuk, Y.; Likhitwitayawuid, data. All of the isolates were evaluated for their a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Aerimultin C K. Three Novel Biphenanthrene (3) showed the most potent activity. The other compounds, except for compound 4, also exhibited Derivatives and a New stronger activity than the positive control acarbose.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchid Wealth for Immunity Development-An Overview L.C
    International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O) and Technology, Vol. 9, No 4, 2020, 647 – 655 2277-663X (P) ORCHID WEALTH FOR IMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT-AN OVERVIEW L.C. De ICAR-NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Orchids are one of the largest families of flowering plants which are best-known plant groups in the global horticultural and cut flower trades, including as ornamental plants, medicinal products and food. The medicinal orchids belong mainly to the genera namely Calanthe, Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Cypipedium, Dendrobium, Ephemerantha, Eria, Galeola, Gastrodia, Gymnadenia, Habenaria, Ludisia, Luisia, Nevilia, Satirium and Thunia. In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, there is one rejuvenating herbal formulation ‘Astavarga’ that is derived from orchid species i.e. jivak (Microstylis wallichii), kakoli (Habenaria acuminata), riddhi (H. intermedia) and vriddhi (H. edgeworthii) are orchids. Orchid are packed with phytochemicals such as stilbenoids, anthraquinones, pyrenes, coumarins, flavonoids, anthocyanins and anthocyanidins, chroman derivatives, lignans, simple benzenoid compounds, terpenoids, steroids, alkamines, amino acids, mono- and dipeptides, Alkaloids and higher fatty acids which play vital role for immunity development and curing other critical ailments of individuals. Keywords: Medicinal orchids, ayurvedic medicines, phytochemicals, immunity. Introduction Orchids are one of the largest families of flowering plants and are globally distributed. To date, 29,199 species have been accepted [1]. One of the best-known plant groups in the global horticultural and cut flower trades, orchids are also grown and traded for a variety of purposes, including as ornamental plants, medicinal products and food. The medicinal orchids belong mainly to the genera: Calanthe, Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Cypipedium, Dendrobium, Ephemerantha, Eria, Galeola, Gastrodia, Gymnadenia, Habenaria, Ludisia, Luisia, Nevilia and Thunia [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Dendrobium Sw. Its Distributional Patterns and Present Status in the Northeast India
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Diversity of Dendrobium Sw. Its Distributional Patterns and Present Status in the Northeast India Adani Lokho Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal-731235 Abstract- The family Orchidaceae is one of the largest groups Nagaland; Singh et al., (1990) for Mizoram; Chowdhury (1998); among the angiosperms and distributed throughout the world. Singh (1999); Khyanjeet Gogoi et al., (2012); Chaya Deori et al., The genus Dendrobium is the second largest group among the (2009); Khyanjeet Gogoi (2011); Bhattacharjee & Dutta (2010); orchid plant in India and exhibit diverse shapes, colour and Borgohain et al., (2010); Lucksom (2007); Rao (2010); Rao morphological characters. They are widely distributed (2007) and Khyanjeet Gogoi et al.,(2012). throughout the Northeastern states and recorded with 82 species In the recent past, from the statistical analysis of the from the region. The highest number of occurrence with 49 angiospermic flora it has revealed that the family Orchidaceae species has been recorded in Arunachal Pradesh and the least with 184 genera and 1,229 species forms the second largest number with 5 species in Tripura state from the region. The family of flowering plants in India (Karthikeyan, 2000). The present analysis reveals 71.95 per cent of the species require fascination of an orchid flower is the mimicking of the animals attention for conservation, 36.58 per cent of the total species are morphology and anatomy parts, like wasps, bees, moths, lizards, widely distributed throughout the region, while 26.89 per cent of butterflies, swans, doves and even human form.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropicalexotique First Q 2020
    Plant List TropicalExotique First Q 2020 Your Size when shipped When mature, well grown size CAD/Plant Total (CAD) Name Order P1 Aerangis fastuosa single growth, blooming size small plant 35 - P2 Aerides multiflorum single growth, blooming size medium plant 30 - P3 Aerides odorata "Pink form" single growth, blooming size medium plant 25 - P4 Aerides rosea single growth, blooming size medium plant 30 - P5 Amesiella minor single growth, blooming size miniature 50 - P6 Amesiella monticola single growth, blooming size small plant 30 - P7 Angraecum didieri seedling size medium plant 25 - P8 Anthogonium gracile per bulb small plant 25 - P9 Appendicula elegans 3-5 bulb plant small plant 30 - P10 Arachnis labrosa single growth, blooming size large plant 40 - P11 Armodorum siamemse blooming size medium plant 25 - P12 Arundina graminifolia (mini type, dark red) Single growth small plant 40 - P13 Arundina graminifolia (mini type, pink) multi-growth, blooming size medium plant 40 - P14 Ascocentrum (Holcoglossum) himalaicum single growth, blooming size medium plant 60 - P15 Ascocentrum (Vanda) ampullaceum single growth medium plant 30 - P16 Ascocentrum (Vanda) ampullaceum forma alba seedling size medium plant 25 - P17 Ascocentrum (Vanda) ampullaceum forma aurantiacum single growth medium plant 45 - P18 Ascocentrum (Vanda) christensonianum single growth, blooming size medium plant 40 - P19 Ascocentrum (Vanda) curvifolium single growth medium plant 20 - P20 Ascocentrum (Vanda) curvifolium "Pink form" single growth medium plant 30 - P21 Ascocentrum (Vanda)
    [Show full text]
  • North East Ecoregion Report
    NORTH-EAST ECOREGION BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (A part of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan process) R.S. TRIPATHI* AND S.K. BARIK** Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University SHILLONG – 793 022 (*Coordinator, North-East Ecoregion Working Group; ** Member, North-East Ecoregion Working Group) Submitted to: Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India New Delhi Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge with thanks the valuable inputs received from the North- Eastern Ecoregional Working Group members at different stages of preparation of this report. The information provided by the local knowledgeable persons including the village/elaka chiefs and other community/village level functionaries were quite useful and the authors are grateful to them for their excellent cooperation and suggestions. The critical comments from the experts enhanced the quality of the report and the write-ups on thematic topics from the theme experts helped a great deal in finalizing the report. The names of these experts and local knowledgeable persons are listed in Annexures and the authors are thankful to each one of them. The comments of Prof. P.C. Bhattacharjee, Dr. A. Chadhury, Shri Ashish Kothari and other workers from Kalpavriksa were particularly of great help. The report has freely drawn information from the relevant State and Sub-state reports, for which the authors are grateful to all the coordinators, members and others who were involved in preparation of those documents. Besides, the State Forestry Action Plans of all the 8 north-eastern states were consulted and used during the preparation of this report. The authors are thankful to all the PCCFs and the authors of SFAPs for the same.
    [Show full text]
  • Dendrobium Longicornu: an Addition to the Orchid Flora of Western Himalayaa
    Dendrobium longicornu: an addition to the orchid flora of Western Himalayaa Soni Bisht1 & Bhupendra S. Adhikari1,* Keywords/Mots-clés : Askot WS, Long-horned dendrobium, Nigro-hirsute dendrobium, Uttarakhand. Abstract Dendrobium is one of the largest genera of the Orchidaceae. Hitherto, 116 species of the genus have been reported from India, of which 17 (including 2 doubtful taxa) have been recorded from Western Himalaya and 7 from the Askot Wildlife Sanctuary (AWS). By this publication, we add Dendrobium longicornu to the flora of Western Himalaya. Résumé Dendrobium longicornu : une espèce supplémentaire pour la flore de l'Himalaya occidental – Le genre Dendrobium est l'un des genres les plus vastes parmi les Orchidaceae. Jusqu'ici 116 espèces ont été enregistrées pour l'Inde, dont 17 (en comptant deux taxons douteux) pour l'Himalaya occidental et 7 pour le sanctuaire AWS (Askot Wildlife Sanctuary). Le présent article ajoute une espèce, Dendrobium longicornu, à la flore de l'Himalaya occidental. Introduction Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants with an estimate of 24,500 species worldwide (73% epiphytic: Dressler, 2005). Most of the species has been listed under appendix II of CITES, due to their mycorrhizal associations (Gill, 1989; Taylor & Bruns ,1997; McCormick et al., 2004; Otero & Flanagan, 2006; Shefferson et al., 2007), habitat specificity a : manuscrit reçu le 6 février 2014, accepté le 10 avril 2014 article mis en ligne sur www.richardiana.com le 11/04/2014 – pp. 157-168 - © Tropicalia ISSN 1626-3596 (imp.) - 2262-9017 (élect.) XIV – avril 2014 Richardiana 157 Dendrobium longicornu in Western Himalaya – S.Bisht & B.S.Adhikari (Linder, 1995; Shefferson et al., 2008) or specialised pollinators (Darwin, 1862; Cozzolino & Widmer, 2005), and are categorized as critically endangered and rare.
    [Show full text]