Tribunal Supremo – Causa Especial 20907/2017
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THE TRUTH ABOUT CATALONIA’S BID FOR INDEPENDENCE Last update: 28 November 2019 This document is subject to the evolution of the events it contains and will be periodically updated. Please note the date of the last update and, if necessary, request the latest version from: [email protected] This edition has only been updated to include the sentences of the trial that were published on 14 October. The verb tenses of the previous version have been maintained, without prejudice to the fact that a last update can be made by adjusting the concordances. Contents CATALONIA’S BID FOR INDEPENDENCE 1. Timeline of the Independence bid THE CATALAN INDEPENDENCE BID ON TRIAL 2. The acts of 2017 and their prosecution 3. The five Articles of Spain’s Criminal Code that landed the procès defendants in the dock 4. Safeguards for the accused during the trial 5. Independence and safeguards of the Spanish legal system 6. Private prosecution: What is it? 7. The trial and sentences THE TRUTH ABOUT SPAIN AND ITS CATALAN REGION 8. The secessionists’ falsehoods 9. Spain is a state made up of Autonomous Communities 10. The price Catalonia is paying for the independence bid 11. Spain in international rankings QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS APPENDIX CATALONIA’S BID FOR INDEPENDENCE 1. Timeline of the Independence bid 11 SEPT Massive demonstration day (or Diada) for independence 2012 “Consultative process” • Promoted by the Catalan Regional 9 NOV Government [known as the Govern], presided by Artur Mas. 2014 Suspended by Spain’s Constitutional Court. • According to the Catalan regional administration [known as the Generalitat] 2,305,290 citizens voted and 80.76% of them voted in favour of independence. -
Brussels, 17Th June 2019 Dear Bureau Members of the European
Brussels, 17th June 2019 Dear Bureau Members of the European Parliament, Newly elected MEPs Carles Puigdemont, Antoni Comín and Oriol Junqueras, have been prevented from taking office as Members of the European Parliament by the Spanish authorities after the European election on 26th of May. The list led by Carles Puigdemont and Antoni Comín received 1.025.411 votes, and the list led by Oriol Junqueras received 1.257.484 votes. On 14th of June 2019, elected MEP Oriol Junqueras –in pre-trial detention for 593 days for having organized the Catalan self-determination referendum in 2017– has been banned by the Spanish Supreme Court to leave the prison in order to take the MEP credential. Furthermore, on the 13th of June 2019, the Spanish Electoral Board imposed elected MEPs Carles Puigdemont and Antoni Comín –in exile since October 2017– to be personally in Madrid in order to take their seats as MEPs. The decisions taken by the Spanish authorities banning newly elected MEPs from taking office and attending to the European Parliament’s constitutive plenary session on the 2nd July 2019 are a clear violation of their political rights and a disregard of more than 2 million European citizens that voted for them. These acts of the Spanish authorities attempt against the political rights of the MEP-elected Carles Puigdemont, Oriol Junqueras, Antoni Comín and more than 2 million European citizens that voted for them. An unacceptable breach of the Rules of Procedures of the European Parliament, the consolidated Treaties of the EU, the European Charter of Fundamental Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. -
Catalan Independence 2018
Catalan Independence 2018 On October 1, 2017, the Catalan Government headed by Carles Puigdemont of the Junts per Catalunya parliamentary alliance held a referendum on the future independence of Catalonia. A semi-autonomous region within Spain, Catalonia enjoyed comparatively larger self-governance than many of Spain’s other regions after Francisco Franco’s rule ended in 1975. While independence has had relatively strong support in recent years, a final decision has remained elusive due to inconclusive elections, referenda, and political opposition from Madrid. The 2017 referendum recorded 92% of respondents favoring Catalan independence. However, only 43% of registered voters voted in the election marred by domestic and national opposition. The government nonetheless pushed through, declaring itself independent on October 27th. Declaring the referendum and declaration illegal, Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dismissed the Catalan Generalitat and renewed elections. Puigdemont and his cabinet subsequently fled to Brussels, the headquarters of the European Union. This committee takes place in Catalonia, but Puigdemont remains in exile and his former vice president, Oriol Junqueras, remains in prison. This cabinet consists of fifteen members of Junts pel Sí (Together for Yes) who had not been prosecuted by the Spanish Government after the referendum, and five Spanish representatives sent from Madrid to ensure compliance. Each Catalan member will have access to powers retained after the dissolution of parliament and powers temporarily withheld by Madrid in response to the crisis. Each Spanish member starts with greater powers given by the Spanish government, but will lose some power if and when Madrid deems the situation more under control. -
The Regions of Spain
© 2017 American University Model United Nations Conference All rights reserved. No part of this background guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever without express written permission from the American University Model United Nations Conference Secretariat. Please direct all questions to [email protected] A NOTE Julia Clark Chair Estimats Diputats del Parlament de Catalunya, Dear Diputats of the Parliament of Catalonia, My name is Julia Clark and I’ll be serving as your Chair for the Parliament of Catalonia. I cannot wait to meet all of you in February. Time is of the essence and the Catalan Republic needs creating! As for a little bit about myself: MUN is my life! Last year, I served on the AmeriMUNC Secretariat as the Charges D’Affaires and currently I am an Assistant Head Delegate of the AU Model United Nations competitive travel team. I have done MUN for seven years, competing at 24 conferences across the US and Canada, and I once chaired a conference in the Netherlands! I’m proud to say that AmeriMUNC will be my eighth time chairing. Outside of MUN, I am also the President of my sorority, Phi Mu. If you have any questions about greek life or collegiate MUN, I’d love to chat via email or at the conference. I’m personally very excited to be forming our own new nation, the Catalan Republic. I just studied abroad for four months in Madrid, Spain and was at the center of the real life action surrounding the Catalan independence movement. -
Catalonia, Spain and Europe on the Brink: Background, Facts, And
Catalonia, Spain and Europe on the brink: background, facts, and consequences of the failed independence referendum, the Declaration of Independence, the arrest and jailing of Catalan leaders, the application of art 155 of the Spanish Constitution and the calling for elections on December 21 A series of first in history. Examples of “what is news” • On Sunday, October 1, Football Club Barcelona, world-known as “Barça”, multiple champion in Spanish, European and world competitions in the last decade, played for the first time since its foundation in 1899 at its Camp Nou stadium, • Catalan independence leaders were taken into custody in “sedition and rebellion” probe • Heads of grassroots pro-secession groups ANC and Omnium were investigated over September incidents Results • Imprisonment of Catalan independence leaders gives movement new momentum: • Asamblea Nacional Catalana (Jordi Sànchez) and • Òmnium Cultural (Jordi Cuixart), • Thousands march against decision to jail them • Spain’s Constitutional Court strikes down Catalan referendum law • Key background: • The Catalan Parliament had passed two laws • One would attempt to “disengage” the Catalan political system from Spain’s constitutional order • The second would outline the bases for a “Republican Constitution” of an independent Catalonia The Catalan Parliament factions • In the Parliament of Catalonia, parties explicitly supporting independence are: • Partit Demòcrata Europeu Català (Catalan European Democratic Party; PDeCAT), formerly named Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya -
Osservatorio Settimanale
Osservatorio settimanale Volerelaluna.it 27/04/2019 di: Elena Marisol Brandolini CRONACA DEL PROCESSO AGLI INDIPENDENTISTI CATALANI / 11 Undicesima settimana del processo all’indipendentismo catalano presso il Tribunal Supremo di Madrid: finita, almeno per il momento, la carrellata delle testimoninaze degli agenti di Policía Nacional e Guardia Civil, è il turno di rappresentanti delle istituzioni, dell’associazionismo, di ex- consiglieri della Generalitat. A sfilare davanti alla Corte sono politici come il vice-presidente della Generalitat Pere Aragonés, allora segretario alla consiglieria di Economia, che però non testimonia perché implicato in altre istruttorie riguardanti l’1 ottobre, e il vice-sindaco di Barcellona Gerardo Pisarello, candidato alle elezioni del 28 aprile per la Camera nella lista catalana En Comú Podem, collegata con Unidas- Podemos. O come le sindache di Vilanova i la Geltrú, Neus Lloveras, che nell’autunno catalano era presidente dell’AMI (Associació de Municipis per la Independència), e di Sant Vicenç dels Horts, Maite Aymerich, cittadina di residenza di Oriol Junqueras (imputato, già vicepresidente del Governo della Generalitat). O ancora, Joan Ignasi Elena, che fu coordinatore delPacte Nacional pel Referèndum, l’ultimo tentativo fatto dalla Catalogna per richiedere un referendum concordato con lo Stato e naufragato al principio dell’estate del 2017. A passare per il banco dei testimoni sono Maritxell Ruiz, consigliera della Presidenza fino al 14 luglio 2017, quando decise di rinunciare all’incarico per motivi personali che non avevano a che vedere con la celebrazione del referendum dell’1 ottobre, la quale dichiara che, pur essendo a quell’epoca evidente che ci sarebbe stato un aumento del conflitto con lo Stato, «nel Governo si parlava sempre di un referendum pattuito». -
Girona Rebutja La Polèmica Moció Del Reagrupament I L'arrelament D'immigrats
Girona rebutja la polèmica moció del reagrupament i l'arrelament d'immigrats El Partit Popular es queda sol defensant la moci El PSC, que hi ha donat suport a Salt i Figueres, hi vota en contra, com ERC i ICV, i CiU s'absté El ple de l'Ajuntament de Girona va rebutjar ahir a la nit la polèmica moció que han aprovat municipis com Salt o Figueres i en què es demana que es tinguin en compte els informes municipals per denegar les peticions de reagrupament familiar o d'arrelament dels ciutadans immigrats. Veray i Castel en la votaci坦 d'una de les La moci va arribar al ple de la mà del grup mocions que es van debatre al ple i en municipal del Partit Popular, que es va quedar sol qu竪 es van quedar sols. Foto: D.V. defensant la moci. El PSC va votar-hi en contra, un fet significatiu si es té en compte que la mateixa formaci va ser la que la va proposar i aprovar a Salt o la que hi va donar suport a Figueres. El portaveu del PSC, Joan Pluma, va justificar el vot negatiu perquè va qualificar la proposta de “brindis al sol sense propostes concretes” i va defensar la política de l'equip de govern per “seguir millorant la cohesi social treballant molt i parlant poc”. A més, considera que la llei actual “ja funciona” i recorda que l'Estat ja fa cas dels informes municipals que s'emeten. Aquesta defensa va comportar que la portaveu popular, Concepci Veray, acusés “d'hipocresia i incoherència” els socialistes per no haver-hi donat suport. -
Dr. Vicente FENOLL Universitat De València
Dr. Carlos LÓPEZ-OLANO Universitat de València. Spain. [email protected] Dr. Vicente FENOLL Universitat de València. Spain. [email protected] Media polarization in the Catalan independence process. A comparative study of its treatment by RT La polarización mediática en el proceso de independencia en Cataluña. Estudio comparativo del tratamiento en RT Dates | Received: 06/11/2019 - Reviewed: 12/12/2019 - In press: 19/12/2020 - Published: 01/01/2020 Abstract Resumen The Catalan procés has undergone intense El procés catalán ha experimentado una intensa polarization in the media, both in the traditional polarización mediática, tanto en medios media and the social networks, where the Russian tradicionales como en redes sociales, donde la corporation RT has been accused of supporting corporación rusa RT ha sido acusada de apoyar the independence movement. From a al independentismo. Desde una perspectiva quantitative perspective, we have carried out a cuantitativa, realizamos un análisis comparado comparative analysis of the coverage of the de la cobertura en Facebook del procés catalán Catalan procés in Facebook by the corporations en las corporaciones RT, BBC y DW. A pesar de la RT, BBC and DW. In spite of RT’s proximity to the proximidad de RT con el independentismo, los independence movement, the results do not resultados no revelan diferencias significativas reveal significant differences between the media entre los medios. Asimismo, las reacciones de los corporations. Even so, users’ reactions to usuarios a las publicaciones en Facebook publications in Facebook suggest sympathy for sugieren su simpatía por el independentismo. Catalan independence. Keywords Palabras clave Catalonia; independence; RT; Facebook; Cataluña; independencia; RT; Facebook; misinformation desinformación López-Olano, C. -
International BRIEFING the Case
The Spanish Supreme Court’s decision on the self-determination referendum in Catalonia held on 1 October 2017 Report by: Ferran Requejo (dir.) Gerard Martín Helena Mora Albert Morales Linguistic adaptation from Catalan to English: Ander Errasti and Mireia Grau. Barcelona, December 2020 © Generalitat de Catalunya. Government of Catalonia Institut d’Estudis de l’Autogovern. Institute of Self-Government Studies (http://presidencia.gencat.cat/iea) Design: Autonomous Entity of the Official Gazette and the Publications Dept. Contents 1. Introduction. Purpose of this briefing ............................................................................ 07 2. Summary of the report .................................................................................................. 10 2.1 The use of language in the Supreme Court’s decision ............................................. 10 2.2 Pleas of facts ............................................................................................................ 12 2.3 Individual and collective rights at stake ................................................................... 13 2.4 The typology of the crimes ...................................................................................... 16 2.5 The allocation of responsibilities and the prison sentences for the prosecuted individuals ................................................................................................................ 18 3. Four final remarks looking at the future ........................................................................ -
Cinc Claus Sobre Qui És Juan Antonio Geraldes, Candidat D'errejón A
Política | | Actualitzat el 08/10/2019 a les 17:44 Cinc claus sobre qui és Juan Antonio Geraldes, candidat d'Errejón a Catalunya Politòleg de 31 anys, va ser número dos a la llista de Guanyem Sant Boi a les eleccions municipals del 26 de maig El candidat de Més País a Barcelona, Juan Antonio Geraldes Després de suar per aconseguir els avals quasi en temps de descompte, Íñigo Errejón té ja candidat per a Més País a Barcelona. El seu nom és Juan Antonio Geraldes, segons ha avançat El Periódico i ha confirmat NacióDigital, no és conegut pel gran públic i és politòleg. La seva tria, que preocupa especialment l'espai dels comuns, no està exempta de polèmica perquè fins fa pocs dies era militant de Comunistes de Catalunya, partit liderat per Joan Josep Nuet integrat a EUiA. A continuació, cinc claus de qui és Geraldes i per què la seva tria ha aixecat polseguera. 1. Nascut l'any 1988, Geraldes és politòleg i veí de Sant Boi de Llobregat. Ha estat vinculat a moviments estudiantils com el contrari al pla Bolonya. 2. Treballa com a consultor d'administracions públiques en el sector de les TIC i, per ara, no ha ostentat cap càrrec públic ni polític. 3. A les passades eleccions municipals del 26 de maig es va presentar com a número dos de la candidatura de Guanyem Sant Boi, formada per la CUP i Sobiranistes -partit liderat per Nuet, exlíder d'EUIA-, Som Aternativa i Moviment d'Esquerres, però no va obtenir representació. 4. De fet, va ser militant de Comunistes i ha participat en actes de Sobiranistes a Sant Boi. -
El Delito De Sedición Y El Derecho a La Protesta
THE CRIME OF SEDITION AND THE RIGHT TO PROTEST How the crime of sedition affects the fundamental right of assembly and the freedom to demonstrate The crime of sedition in European Criminal Comparative Law The cooperative Red Jurídica is a law firm based in Madrid. But we are much more than that. We are, first and foremost, people committed to the reality of our environment, seeking social transformation and involved in different causes, asso- ciations and groups. We are citizens, neighbors, daughters, sons, parents, sisters, brothers and friends. Red Jurídica (which means “legal network” in Spanish) is a gathering of people united by our critical involvement in social justice issues and by the critical way we work our craft: by using solidarity and the Law as a means of transforming our reality and understanding the social aspects of our context until we can finally change it for better. The content of this report is the sole responsability of the cooperative Red Jurídica and may not reflect the opinion of the Catalan Government. Authors: Daniel Amelang López, Eric Sanz de Bremond Arnulf and Alejandro Gámez Selma. Published on November, 2020. Design and layout: Pedro López Andradas. Review: Fernando Alonso Martín. Translation into English: Beatriz García Marín, David Amelang López and Daniel Amelang López. Translation into catalán: Montserrat Feliu. Cover photograph: Víctor Serri. Contents 1. PREAMBLE ........................................................................... 5 2. THE SUPREME COURT RULING 459/2019, OF OCTOBER 14TH: THE -
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
___________________________________________________________________ Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Application against Spain by Carles Puigdemont, President-Elect of Catalonia Lodged 1 March 2018 __________________________________________________________________ PUIGDEMONT -v- SPAIN SUMMARY: In this application Mr. Carles PUIGDEMONT alleges that Spain is guilty of violating its international treaty obligations through the cumulative imposition of disproportionate and unjustified restrictions with the exercise of his political rights under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (“UDHR”), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”). Spain is a State Party to both treaties. It is also a signatory, without relevant reservations, to the Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which provides for the right of individual petition. Spain has not notified any relevant derogation to the provisions of the ICCPR which thus remain fully in force. It is legally bound by treaty obligation to secure the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the ICCPR, throughout the territory of Spain, and to all those who fall within its jurisdiction. Mr. PUIGDEMONT brings this individual petition to the United Nations Human Rights Committee in order to vindicate his right to stand for elections (article 25, ICCPR); his right to freedom of association with other secessionist politicians and political parties in pursuit of a common goal of securing independence from Spain for Catalonia (article 22, ICCPR); and his right to freedom of peaceful political expression in support of the cause of independence for Catalonia (article 19, ICCPR). He invites the Committee to hold that these rights have been violated by cumulative and continuing conduct of the Kingdom of Spain.