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The Study of Quaternary Sediments of Manjra River,Near Chousala, Dist. Beed

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The Study of Quaternary Sediments of Manjra River,Near Chousala, Dist. Beed The study of Quaternary sediments of Manjra River,Near Chousala, Dist. Beed P. B. Zamarkar* A.D. Fuladi** Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, S.S.E.S.A’s Science College, Congress Nagar, Nagpur, M.S., India. Email: [email protected] Corresponding Author: A. D. Fuladi ABSTRACT The study is based on Quaternary sediments of Manjra River, Near Chousala, District Beed. The field work is carried out near Chausala. The main objective of the field work was to observe the lithology, depositional features of sediments. Deccan trap is observed at the base of the soil and Quaternary sediments. During the fieldwork samples were collected and brought to the laboratory for investigations. The laboratory study includes, pH, sieve analysis, clay mineral analysis, and Granulometric study. The study reveals that the nature of sediments suggests the flow regime is turbulent and it is a mixture of different size sediments. But at places it shows that the flow regime is much turbulent and suddenly changed to stagnancy and represented by fine sediments. The overall observation reveals that sediments are river transported. Keywords: Quaternary sediments, Manjara River, clay minerals. I INTRODUCTION The various studies on geographical, lithological and structural mapping of a limited area and Quaternary sediments have been carried out from the upper and lower Godavari sediments by a handful of workers. This prompted the author to take up the similar studies in Manjara River. Hence, the area near Chausala was selected for the present studies. Sediment supplies from continental sources to adjoining rivers are gently influenced by climatic and tectonic variables at various spatio – temporal scales (Milliman and Meade, 1983; Vaithyanathan, et. al. 1988; Wasson, 2003, Chakrapani, 2005). Relating the sediments characterizes their provenance/source is, therefore, essential to understand the mechanism of transport and sediment flux. Mineral magnetism is a routinely used approach for such studies to characterize the sediment source, sediment dispersal and sediment mixing patterns amongst a variety of depositional environments. 245 | P a g e II LOCATION The present study area is located near Chausala in Beed Maharashtra. The area falls on the Survey of India Toposheet No. 47 N (Beed). The river flows from west to east and the villages is on the either sides of the Manjra River. The samples were collected from Chausala (18⁰ 42’ 82” N) (75⁰ 41’ 395” E). The Manjra also spelled Manjira is a tributary of the River Godavari. It passes through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana. It originates in the Balaghat range of hills near Pathardi in Ahmednagar District at an altitude of 823 meters (2,700 ft) and empties into the Godavari River. It has a total catchment area of 30,844 square kilometers (3,084,400 ha). III METHODOLOGY From the river, various beds sections were taken, and care was also taken to avoid contamination of samples from different beds or levels. The collected samples were properly packed and brought to the laboratory then these were subjected to various analyses in the laboratory.The collected samples were brought to the laboratory for analysis of various parameters viz. sieving, pH, clay mineral analysis, cumulative curves, textural parameters. For understanding the depositional environment of sediments, the source rocks of the sediments, to know fossils content if any. Clay mineral Clay suspension Clay suspension + Methylene Nature of the residue At the bottom present Methylene blue blue + KCl of test tube Kaolinite Violet Violet Dense & compact Illite Violet – blue, Blue, Blue Dense & compact Blue- sky blue Skyblue Montmorollinite Violet Blue, skyblue, Green Jelly- like Bedeilite Green Green Jelly- like Table 1 IV PREVIOUS WORK Initially, all the available information about the area was collected. The published and unpublished geological literature, on the main as well as surrounding area were consulted. This has enabled to get acquainted with the regional geological setting. The mineral magnetic characterization of the Godavari River and Western Bay of Bengal Sediments was carried out by Kulkarni et al. (2015). The similar work and the sedimentological work especially on Quaternary sediments has not been carried out on Manjara River. However, work on various geological – particularly sedimentological aspects 246 | P a g e was critically carried out by Rao (1982), Sonam and Kale (1993), and Deshpande (1998 and references therein). Geology The Deccan basalt geology has been explained by several geoscientists for various parts of Maharashtra. The surrounding parts of the Manjra River are covered with black cotton soil, at places it is grey and brownish coloured. The Deccan basaltic flows are spread over the longer distances on either side of the river. The Quaternary soil is mainly exposed in the river flood plain and along the river in the river bed. In general The Deccan basalt of Upper Cretaceous – Lower Eocene is overlain by recent alluvium. Table 2 Sub group Formation Member / flow Desur WAI Panhala Mahabaleshwar Ambenali Pladpur Bushe LONAVALA Khandala Bhimashankar Monkey hill GPB, Giravalli GPB Thakurvada Thakurvadi chemical type, Water type member Thakurvadi chemical type, High TiO2Thakurvadi basalt, Thakurvadi chemical basalt Jammu patti member KALSUBAI Neral Tunel type basalt Neral chemical type Termbre basalt Neral chemical type Ambivili pierite basalt Igatpuri Kashele GPB, Nilamati 247 | P a g e Thalghat GPB Jawhar Juni Jawhar Val river Golbhan phyric Devbandh Khardi phyric Table 3. (Stratigraphy of Deccan Basalt –AfterBeane et al. 1986,Bodas et al.1988, Cox and Hawkesworth,1985,Subbarao and Hooper, 1988 and Khadri et al. 1988). Location: 1 (Chausala) There are six sections in the first spot, different section show different environments and their condition at the time of deposition. In S1 clay material is present,it is black in colour, and very sticky in nature. Its parent rock may be dark colour basaltic rock. The river flow would be slow or it may be stagnant at a place so that it get more time for settlement therefore sediments get settled and coarse rock fragments get carried with flow. In S2 matrix of fine to coarse grained sediments and rock fragments are present. Gravel and pebbles silt and clay is present. The rocks are euhedral in shape and very poorly sorted and less transported.S3 again it is clay sediments having the same property.S4 it is as same as S2. At the top there is again clay sediments. The sequence can be seen alternate.It may pass from alternate climate so the sequence is seen alternate,as shown in fig.1.It can be seen that alternate clay and matrix sections are formed. 50cm Sieving data: Sieve 7 16 30 60 120 240 270 total scale Φ -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 scale L1/2/a 184.684 79.162 57.882 - 2.159 10.140 16.190 350.217 L1/2/b 52.654 42.440 119.740 - 4.483 6.765 96.412 316.494 248 | P a g e L1/2/c 100.654 194.127 74.443 - - 4.740 13.086 387.824 L1/2/d 110.191 68.267 47.929 - - 9.949 87.329 275.697 L1/2/e 140.943 85.565 35.610 - - 2.570 104.375 369.063 L1/2/f 8.681 8.218 31.650 - - 9.292 200.183 258.024 Table 4. sieving data Cumulative % Table : L1/2/a SIEVE FREQUENCY CUMULATIVE φ SCALE SCALE % % 7 52.734 52.734 -2 16 22.604 75.338 -1 SIEVE FREQUENCY CUMULATIBVE Φ SCALE % % SACLE 7 3.364 3.364 -2 16 3.185 6.549 -1 30 12.266 18.815 1 60 - - 2 120 - - 3 240 3.601 22.416 4 pan 77.583 100 5 30 16.527 91.865 1 60 - - 2 120 0.616 92.481 3 240 2.895 95.375 4 pan 4.623 100.00 5 L1/2/b SIEVE FREQUENC CUMULATIVE φ SCALE Y % % SCALE 7 16.32 16.329 -2 16 13.16 29.487 -1 30 37.129 66.616 1 60 - - 2 120 1.390 68.006 3 240 2.098 70.104 4 pan 29.895 100 5 249 | P a g e L1/2/c SIEVE FREQUENCY CUMULATIVE φ SACLE % % SACLE 7 26.005 26.005 -2 16 50.156 76.161 -1 30 19.233 95.394 1 60 - - 2 120 - - 3 240 1.225 96.619 4 pan 3.381 100 5 L1/2/d SIEVE FREQUENCY CUMULATIVE φ SCALE % % SCALE 7 34.045 34.045 -2 16 21.092 55.137 -1 30 14.808 69.945 1 60 - - 2 120 - - 3 240 3.079 73.024 4 L1/2/e pan 26.981 100 5 SIEVE FREQUANCY CUMULATIVE Φ SCALE % % SACLE 7 38.189 38.189 -2 16 23.184 61.373 -1 30 9.649 71.022 1 60 - - 2 120 - - 3 240 0.696 71.718 4 pan 28.281 100 5 L1/2/f Table 5. (a, b, c, d, e, f) 250 | P a g e Granulometric table: Sample Clay suspension Clay suspension + Nature of the Clay mineral present Methylene blue Methylene blue + residueof the bottom KCL of the test tube L1/2/a Violet Blue Blue Dense and compact Illite L1/2/b Violet Blue Jelly like Montmorollinite L1/2/c Sky Blue Blue Dense and compact Illite L1/2/d Violet Blue Blue Dense and compact Illite L1/2/e Violet Dark Violet Dense and compact Kaolinite L1/2/f Violet Blue Blue Dense and compact Illite Table 6. pH : L1/2/a 8.00 L1/2/b 8.04 L1/2/c 7.89 L1/2/d 7.78 L1/2/e 7.86 L1/2/f 7.64 Table 7. Sample Mz φ Type of σi φ Vc Ski Vc Kg Vc No.
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