“Level of Human Resources Development in the Akole Tahsil, District - Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.” CHAPTER: 02 PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA 2.1 INTRODUCTION: As mention in the preceding chapter the major theme of the work here is assessment of level of human resources development and the designing plan for their development. The study begins by consideration of the position in the tahsil. (Mahesha D, shivalingappa B.N 2012) The measurement of development of human resources is not a simple assignment as it is the composite form of various indicators relating to mental and physical standards of the people. It is uneven from one region to another due to disparity in natural and human characteristics in space and time. It indicates imbalance in the overall development of the area. The uneven human resources uneven distribution and development because of the effects physical condition of region e.g. Location, Relief, Soil, Water, Climate, etc. Everything have the scope of outcomes development always refers to physical or cultural resources. More specifically, physical resource base is the determining factor for development. Land is the basic resource of human society. It utilization shows an equal relationship between ecological conditions of a region and human development. The role of physical factors especially development of human resource base accounts for the location of economic activities like agriculture, forestry, mining, grazing and other forms of primary activities and even secondary and tertiary activities distribution. In a subsistence economy, resource base and resource utilization are mainly controlled by physical determinants like geology, physiography, climate, soil, biosphere etc., though the role of social factors cannot be ignored. In geography, we examine location, landforms, climate, natural vegetation, soils and minerals, their spatial allocation and consumption by mankind, which leads to the development of cultural landscape (Husain, 2007). Thus, I would find relation between human resources development and profile of study area in this topic. 2.2 STUDY AREA: Geographically Ahmednagar district is the largest district in the state of Maharashtra. It is divided into 14 Tahsil. One of the Akole Tahsil which is on the western Hilly region of Ahmednagar district, it is divided into 191 villages. Four Revenue Circles namely Rajur, Akole, Samsherpur revenue circles and it is 29 “Level of Human Resources Development in the Akole Tahsil, District - Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.” surrounded by Sangamner tahasil from East side, to the West side Thane district, to the North side Nashik district and in to the South direction Pune district. Well surrounded with the mountains range of Sahyadri in Western side. Akole Tahsil is located in 19015' 14'' N to 190 44' 59'' N latitude and 730 37' 00''to 740 07' 24'' E longitudes (Map. No 2.1). Total Geographical area is 1, 49,990.31 hector (1499sq.K.M). Total population of this Tahsil is, 2, 7, 7 1, 71 in 2011 censes year, out of 1, 01,966 (ST) Tribal population is in this study area. MAP NO 2.1: GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 2.3 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: Akole tahsil is one of the tribal areas in Ahemdnagr district. But there are four circles combination in the study area, the first circles are Akloe. There are fifty-six villages under this circle with the geographical area 36624.51 Hectares. Second circle is Kotul this circle includes forty-five villages and area is 35194.89 Hectares. Third circle is Rajur there are forty-nine villages under this circle and area was 39386.55 Hectares and last fourth number circle is Samsherpur this circles under the forty-one 30 “Level of Human Resources Development in the Akole Tahsil, District - Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.” villages with the area was 38784.36 hectares. There are 191 villages under this Akole thasil, the village wise list includes in below Table No 2.1 and (Map no 2.2). TABLE NO. 2.1: NO OF VILLAGES WITH CODE NUMBERS Sr. Tahasil 31 Lahit Bk. 63 Wanjulshet No. Village Name 32 Bholewadi 64 Dham. Pat 1 Badgi 33 Somalwadi 65 Kumshet 2 Jachakwadi 34 Shinde 66 Gondoshi 3 Jambhale 35 MahadeowadiNv 67 Dhagewadi 4 Chaitanyapur 36 Waghapur 68 Balthan 5 Belapur 37 Bori 69 Sakirwadi 6 Khuntewadi NV 38 Lavhali Kotul 70 Chinchavane 7 Esarthav 39 Kohane 71 Shirpunje Bk. 8 Garwadi 40 Shilvandi 72 Padalane 9 Bramhanwada 41 Pachnai 73 Kauth Wadi 10 Kalamb 42 Wagdari 74 Baravwadi 11 Keli Otur 43 Kotul 75 Dhamanvan 12 Gode Wadi 44 Ambhol 76 Maveshi 13 Karandi 45 Lingdeo 77 Vashere 14 Morwadi N.V 46 Pimpri 78 Manik Ozar 15 Pimpaldari 47 Lavhali Otur 79 Bhojadarawadi 16 Satewadi 48 Thakarwadi 80 Savarkute 17 Chand Suraj 49 Pimp.Khand 81 Koltembhe 18 Manyale 50 Ghoti 82 Nirgudwadi 19 Keli Kotul 51 Paithan 83 Jamgaon 20 Phophasandi 52 Khadki Kh. 84 Dham. Awari 21 Pisewadi 53 Khadki Bk. 85 Sarowar N.V 22 Umbare Wadi 54 Shiswad 86 Manoharpur 23 Nachanthav 55 Shirpunje Kh. 87 Ambad 24 Lahit Kh. 56 Shidawad 88 Agastinagar 25 Chas 57 Purushawadi 89 Vithe 26 Palsunde 58 Shelad 90 Terungan 27 Abitkhind 59 Ambit 91 Mutkhel 28 Kothale 60 Pangari 92 Kalas Kh. 29 Vihir 61 Sherewadi 93 Dhumalwadi 30 Tale 62 Mogras 94 Chitalwedhe 31 “Level of Human Resources Development in the Akole Tahsil, District - Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.” 95 Parakhatpur 128 Shelvihire 161 Senit Kh. N.V 96 Navalewadi 129 Titavi 162 Hivargaon 97 Sugaon Bk. 130 UnchkadakKh 163 Khirvire 98 Kelungan 131 Bahirwadi 164 Jaynawadi 99 Aurangpur 132 Chichondi 165 Dagadwadi 100 Guhire 133 Takali 166 Nagawadi N.V 101 Rajur 134 Dhokri 167 Ghodsarwadi 102 Ratanwadi 135 Mehenduri 168 Deothan 103 Katalapur 136 Udadawane 169 Tahakari 104 Bhandardara 137 Ghatghar 170 Samsherpur 105 Agar 138 Tambhol 171 Sawargaonpat 106 Akole 139 Pendshet 172 Pimpaldharwadi 107 Indori 140 Dongarwadi 173 Bitaka 108 Samrad 141 Panjare 174 K.Rumhanwadi 109 Rumbhodi 142 Pimp. Nipani 175 Sangvi 110 Unchkhadak bk 143 Pimp.Nakvinda 176 Padoshi 111 Nilwande 144 Manhere 177 Ekdare 112 Nimbral 145 Sherankhel 178 Chandgirwadi 113 Shinganwadi 146 Gardani 179 Pedhewadi 114 Kohandi 147 Babhul Wandi 180 Kokanwadi 115 Rede 148 Deogaon 181 Mhalungi 116 Malegaon 149 Ganore 182 Tirde 117 Shendi 150 Bari 183 Pachapattawadi 118 Khanapur 151 Poparewadi 184 Shivajinagar 119 Sugaon Kh. 152 Ambevangan 185 Jahagirdarwadi 120 Kumbhefal 153 Ladagaon 186 Randha Bk. 121 Kodani 154 Pabhulwandi 187 Ambikanagar 122 Randha Kh. 155 Muthalane 188 Kalewadi 123 Digambar 156 Waranghushi 189 Kalas Bk. 124 Mhaladevi 157 Virgaon 190 Sultanpur 125 Murshet 158 Shenit Bk. 191 Khetewadi 126 Waki 159 Kombhalne 127 Pimparkane 160 Dongargaon (Source: Panchayat Samiti, Akole, 2011) 32 “Level of Human Resources Development in the Akole Tahsil, District - Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.” MAP NO 2.2: CIRCLE WISE VILLAGES WITH VILLAGE CODE 33 “Level of Human Resources Development in the Akole Tahsil, District - Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.” 2.4 Physiography: The study area is characterized by different physiographic features comprising the hill ranges, foot-hills and plain area. These variations in the land are due to the geological difficulty of the region and diverse geomorphologic evolutions (Deshpande, 1971). Population characteristics are directly connected to the physical factors of a study area. These factors directly or indirectly influence the distribution and density of the population. The physical factors affect on the distribution and density of population, Agricultural development and pattern, distribution of amenities, topography, drainage, soil, climate and water resources. Akole tahsil is laying in the western part of Ahemdnagar district. The tahsil is covered with the mountains, small hills, and plains created by rivers. In the physiographic topography, drainage, soil and vegetation these factors are considered. To the western part of the tahsil Sahyadri Mountain goes from north to south. Western Hilly Region: The hilly line of Sahyadri is observed in Akole tahsil. The average elevation of hilly line of Sahyadri within tahsil is about 1300 mt. The highest peak was Harishchandragad (1424 mt), Ratangad (1297 mt), Ajuba Dongar (1375 mt), Kulang (1470 mt) were point of junction where cross branches join in chief range of Sahyadri. The important characteristics of these offshoots is that progressively decline height to East. These three offshoots mainly Kalasubai and Adula sub range in North, Baleshwar sub range in middle, Harishchandragad in South. Kalsubai and Adula Sub Range: This range starts from Kulang mountan. This range forms natural boundary between Nasik and Ahmednagar district. In Kalsubai and Adula sub ranges is the pointed top of Mt. Kalsubai (1646 mt.) which is the highest peak in Maharashtra insincere in West bend of tahsil between Panzare and Bari village. The Adula range hills subdivision off from Kalsubai ranges near the peak of Patta and route southwards an average elevation of 900 mt. Some peaks like Bitangad (1427 mt.) near Shenit, Ekdara (1251 mt), Patta (1391 mt) Near Kokanwadi are found in northwest. This range ends shortly a few Km west of Sangamner. 34 “Level of Human Resources Development in the Akole Tahsil, District - Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.” Baleshwar Sub Range: Baleshwar range was second excessive offshoot of Sahyadri and it is located at Ratangad 11 km southeast of Kulang. This range shows importance part in development of Mula and Pravara watershade. Baleshwar sub range everything as interfluves between river Pravara and Mula basin. This sub range is divided by several streams of river Pravara and Mula. Moderately normal height of this range develops smaller towards East. Muda Dongar (1552 mt), Ghanchakar Dongar (1497 mt), North of Warliwadi (1398 mt.), Asvla Dongar (1271 mt.) Asvya Dongar (1028 mt.) etc. Total length of range is about 100 Kms. Harishchandragad Sub Range: Harishchandragad sub range in south is a nonstop range overextended towards east. This is the longest range of district and it is long up to Marathwada where it is known as Balaghat range.