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Volcano 101102 Aleutian Intra-Oceani Index Page numbers in italic, refer to figures and those in bold refer to entries in tables. 34~ volcano 101,102 Manus Basin axial depths 32 Aleutian intra-oceanic subduction system bathymetry 32 characteristics 4 geochemical characteristics 33-34 location 3 geophysical characteristics 32-33 Amami Plateau 165 lava geochemistry 23, 25 Andaman Sea 208 opening rate 32 andesite 61 tectonic setting 30-32, 31 calc-alkalic andesite 61-63, 62 Mariana Trough compared to continental crust 68-69, 68 axial depth profile 36 magma type spatial variations 63, 66 bathymetry 36 magma mixing 63-67 geochemical characteristics 38-39 major and trace element characteristics 65 geophysical characteristics 37-38 Aoga Shima 189,190 lava geochemistry 24, 25 Aoso volcano 223, 226 tectonic setting 34-38, 35 Arafura Shelf 208 model development 39-42, 40 arc accretion in Taiwan and Ireland 83-85 study methods 20-21 arc magmatism, general characteristics 56-57 back-arc spreading 6 geochemical modelling 59 Banda Sea 208 incompatible element chemistry 58-61 Banggai Islands 209 volcano distribution 57-58, 57 Batanta 209 arc-continent collision model 81, 94-95 Bellingshausen Island 286, 287, 287 active continental margins 81-82 geochemical variations and volcano histories arc accretion in Taiwan and Ireland 83-85 294-295 arc crustal composition 82 major and trace element composition 290-292 birth of active continental margins 82-83 new isotope analyses 293 comparison of Mayo-Connemara with Taiwan Benham Plateau 165 collisional orogenies 93 Bird's Head 209 continuous arc accretion 93-94, 94 Bismark Sea 208 lower crustal-mantle tectonics 88-89 Bismark Sea Seismic Lineation (BSSL) 30-31 lower crustal delamination 89 Bonin islands 165 lower crustal subduction 89-90 boninites 181 strength of collisional arc lithosphere 90 geodynamic setting 163-164 magmatic evolution 87-88 geodynamic setting in Tonga and New Hebrides orogenic exhumation 85-86 164 post-orogenic basin formation 90-91 intersection between arc and back-arc volcanism sedimentary response to arc collision 86-87 169 significance of collision 82 subduction trench-tranform transition 167 subduction polarity reversal 91-93, 92 Tofua arc and Lau spreading centre 164-168 Asakusa volcano 223 Valu Fa Ridge and Tofua arc 168 Australian Plate 26,166 Vanuatu Trench 168-169 Ayu Trough 208, 209 occurrence along Izu-Bonin-Marian (IBM) arc 169-171 Bacan 209 geodynamic setting of boninite lavas 178-179 back arc basins (BAB) 120-121 geodynamic setting of Philippine Sea Plate 174, back-arc crustal accretion 19-20, 45-46 175-177 Lau Basin inconsistencies between models 177-178 axial depths 27 previous models of boninite formation 175 bathymetry 27 settings for boninite formation 179 geochemical characteristics 29-30 type 1 setting 179-180,179 geophysical characteristics 28-29 type 2 setting 167,179, 180 lava geochemistry 22, 25 type 3 setting 179, 180 spreading centres 27 Bristol Island 286 tectonic setting 21-28, 26 Brothers volcano 101,124, 143 magmatic phases felsic rocks 102 diminished 44-45 geochemistry 105,108 enhanced 42-43 hydrothermal plumes normal 45 chemical characteristics 127 346 INDEX longitudinal section 145 fractionation of evolved basaltic liquids 251,252 particulate chemistry 150 generation of evolved basaltic liquids 249-251, plume mapping 151-152,153 250 mantle genesis of Soufriere basalts Candlemas Island 286, 287-288,288 constraints on water content of mantle source geochemical variations and volcano histories 295 247-249 major and trace element composition 290-292 experimental method 242-243,243 Caribbean sea 240 lherzolitic mantle source 243-245,244, 245 Caroline Plate 208 melt extraction from mantle 245-246 Celebes Sea 208, 209 water content of primitive basalts 246-247 Central Lau Spreading Centre (CLSC) 26-30, 26, 27 crustal recycling 99-100, 114-116,115 Central Molucca Sea Ridge 209 Kermadec subduction system 100-102,100 Charlotte Seamount 166 Curtis Island 103 Chichi shima island 165 Curtis volcano 101 China 84 felsic rocks 102 Chokai volcano 223 Clark volcano 101,124,143 Daito Ridge 165 felsic rocks 102 Delaney Dome 83 hydrothermal plumes depleted MORB-source mantle (DMM) 74 chemical characteristics 127 Discovery Bank 317 longitudinal section 145 Djaul Transform (DT) 31, 31, 32 plume mapping 146-147,147 Dominica Island 240 Clew Bay 83 Clifden 83 East China Sea 84 Colville Ridge 100,124 East Lau Speading Centre (ELSC) 26-30, 26, 27 Connemara 83, 94-95 East Morotai Ridge 209 arc accretion 83-85 East Scotia Ridge 286 comparison with Taiwan collisional orogenies 93 morphology 319-321,320 continuous arc accretion 93-94, 94 resolving mantle components 333-334, 342 cross-section 87 analytical techniques 335-336 lower crustal-mantle tectonics 88-89 compositional variations in dredge samples lower crustal delamination 89 336-340, 337, 338, 339 lower crustal subduction 89-90 geological background 334-335 strength of collisional arc lithosphere 90 He depletion from plume mantle 341-342 magmatic evolution 87-88 plume components 340-341 orogenic exhumation 85-86 East Scotia Sea post-orogenic basin formation 90-91 back-arc spreading 315-316 sedimentary response to arc collision 86-87 earthquake hypocentres 318 subduction polarity reversal 91-93, 92 East Scotia Ridge morphology 319-321,320 continental crust formation 67~8 geochemistry 322-323 continental crust compared to calc-alkanic andesite plate motions 318-319, 319 68-69, 68 seismic anisotropy 321-322 convergence rates of intra-oceanic subduction South Sandwich evolution 316-318, 316 systems 2-3 mantle flow 315-316, 323-324, 326 Cook Island 286, 286,287 classes 324 geochemical variations and volcano histories coupled flow 324-325 294-295 inflow and hot-spot flow 325-327 major and trace element composition 290-292 inflow versus mantle wedge control on accretion new isotope analyses 293 328-329 Coral Sea 208 pacific outflow 327-328 Cotobato Trench 209 ridge migration 327 Cotton volcano 124,143 upwelling 324 hydrothermal plumes Endurance Ridge 317 longitudinal section 145 Enpo seamount chain 189, 195 plume mapping 149 eruption ages and volumes 200 crustal anatexis 110-113 enriched mantle I component reservoirs 75 thermal budget 113 enriched mantle II component reservoirs 72-75 crustal evolution of primitive calc-alkaline basaltic Eurasian Plate 208 magmas 239, 251-252 Eva Seamount 166 basalts from St Vincent 241-242 composition 242 felsic volcanism 99-100, 114-116,115 Lesser Antiles arc Kermadec subduction system 100-102,100 composition of eruptive rocks 239-241,240-241 occurrence in Kermadec arc 101,102 experimental methods and results 249 geochemistry 104-107,105,106,107,108,109,110 INDEX 347 Kermadec islands 102-103 Hunter Fracture Zone 124 petrography 104 Hunter Ridge 166 South Kermadec arc 103-104 hydrothermal plumes 119-120, 134-135, 158 origin of intra-oceanic felsic magmatism 107-110 particulate chemistry 150, 152-158,154 structural setting 114 site plume mapping Fiji 100, 124 Brothers volcano 151-152,153 Fiji Fracture Zone 124 Clark volcano 146-147,147 Fiji Islands 26 Cotton volcano 149 Fiji Platform 166 Healy volcano 149-151,152 Fonualei Rift and Spreading Centre (FRSC) 28-30 Lillie volcano 148-149,151 Rumble II (East and West) volcanoes 149 Gag 209 Rumble III volcano 148-149, 151 Galway Batholith 83 Rumble IV volcano 148 Galway Bay 83 Rumble V volcano 148,149 Gebe 209 Silent II volcano 149 Genroku seamount chain 189, 195 Tangaroa volcano 147-148,148 eruption ages and volumes 200 Whakatane volcano 146,146 Gilbert Seamount 166 southern Kermadec arc 123-124 Gorotalo Basin 209 study area regional overview 144 Grenada Island 240 study methods 124-125, 142-144 Grenadine Islands 240 study results 125,126, 127,128,129,131,132,133, Guadeloupe Island 240 135, 141-142 Guam 35,165 aqueous ionic components 130-134 gaseous components 125-130 Hachijo Jima 189 venting on submarine arc volcanoes 120-123, 121 Haha shima island 165 chemical properties of volcanic substrates 123 Halmahera 209 physical attributes 122 Halmahera arc 207-208, 208, 217 data set 209-210 Intermediate Lau Spreading Centre (ILSC) 26, 27, geochemical evolution 28-30 neogene 210-212 intra-oceanic arcs 1-2, 11 quaternary 212-214 characteristics 2, 4 geodynamic evolution 215 accretion versus non-accretion 6 geological setting 208-209, 209 ages of slabs 3-5 Halmahera intra-oceanic subduction system, back-arc spreading 6 location 3 convergence rates 2-3 Harvre Trough 100, 124 crustal thickness and pre-arc basement 6-7 Healy volcano 101,124,143 exhumed arcs 7 felsic rocks 102 sediment thickness 5 hydrothermal plumes topography of subducting plates 5 chemical characteristics 127 locations 3 longitudinal section 145 research themes particulate chemistry 150 formation of boninites 9-10 plume mapping 149-151,152 hydrothermal processes 10-11 heat carried by magma, expression for 155 mantle flow and back-arc systems 7 heat flux, expression for 157 primary magmas and ultramafic keels 7-8 heavy rare earth elements (HREE) 21 role of subduction zones in crust evolution 10 high-field-strength elements (HFSE) 21 slab-derived chemical components 8-9 high-magnesium ration andesites (HMAs) 64-66 schematic cross-section 5 high-? (HIMU) component mantle reservoirs 72-75 Ireland 82, 94-95 Hikurangi Plateau 101,124 arc accretion 83-85 Hikurangi Trough 124 comparison of Mayo-Connemara with Taiwan hot fingers in mantle wedge model 221,233-235 collisional orogenies 93 across- and along-arc 87Sr/86Sr variations 227-231, continuous arc accretion 93-94, 94 228, 229, 230 geological map 83 basalt composition in NE
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