The Earth's Lithosphere-Documentary
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Canada's Active Western Margin
Geoscience Canada. Volume 3. Nunber 4 269 in the area of Washington and Oregon seemed necessary geometrically. This suggestion was reiterated by Tobin and Sykes (1968) in their study of the seismicity ofthe regionanddevelopedin established the presence and basic bathymetric trench at the foot of the Canada's Active configuration of an active spreading continental slope, the absence of a ocean ridge system ofl the west coast of clearly defined eastward dipping Beniofl Western Margin - Vancwver Island. The theory of the earthquake zone and the apparently geometrical mwement of rigid quiescent state of present volcanism The Case for lithospheric plates on a spherical earth have all contributed toward a (introducedas the 'paving stone' theory) widespreaa uncertalnfy as to whether Subduction was tirst ~ro~osedand tasted bv subddctlon 1s cbrrently taking place ~c~enziiand Parker (1967) using data (e.8.. Crosson. 1972: ~rivast&a,1973; R. P. Riddihough and R. D. Hyndnan from the N. Pacific and in the global Stacey. 1973). Past subduction, fran Victoria Geophysical Observatory, extension of the theory by Morgan several tens of m.y. ago until at leastone Earth Physics Branch, (1 968) this reglon again played a major or two m y. ago. IS more generally Department Energy, Mines and role Morgan alsoconcluded that a small accepted ana it seems to us that the Resources, block eitof theJuandeFuca ridge (the case for contemporary subduction, in a 5071 W. Saanich Rd. Juan de Fuca plate. Fig. 2) was moving large part, must beargued upona Victoria B. C. independently of the main Pacific plate. continuation into the present of the The possibility that theJuan de Fuca processes shown to be active in the Summary plate is now underthrustingNorth recent geological past. -
Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report
l 122 EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL ASPECTS OPEN FILE REPORT 92-2 EARTHQUAKES AND Ludwin, R. S.; Malone, S. D.; Crosson, R. EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Washington SEISMOLOGY - 1946 EVENT ASPECTS eanhquak:es, 1985. Clague, J. J., 1989, Research on eanh- Ludwin, R. S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Reeval Perkins, J. B.; Moy, Kenneth, 1989, Llabil quak:e-induced ground failures in south uation of the 19th century Washington ity of local government for earthquake western British Columbia [abstract). and Oregon eanhquake catalog using hazards and losses-A guide to the law Evans, S. G., 1989, The 1946 Mount Colo original accounts-The moderate sized and its impacts in the States of Califor nel Foster rock avalanches and auoci earthquake of May l, 1882 [abstract). nia, Alaska, Utah, and Washington; ated displacement wave, Vancouver Is Final repon. Maley, Richard, 1986, Strong motion accel land, British Columbia. erograph stations in Oregon and Wash Hasegawa, H. S.; Rogers, G. C., 1978, EARTHQUAKES AND ington (April 1986). Appendix C Quantification of the magnitude 7.3, SEISMOLOGY - NETWORKS Malone, S. D., 1991, The HAWK seismic British Columbia earthquake of June 23, AND CATALOGS data acquisition and analysis system 1946. [abstract). Berg, J. W., Jr.; Baker, C. D., 1963, Oregon Hodgson, E. A., 1946, British Columbia eanhquak:es, 1841 through 1958 [ab Milne, W. G., 1953, Seismological investi earthquake, June 23, 1946. gations in British Columbia (abstract). stract). Hodgson, J. H.; Milne, W. G., 1951, Direc Chan, W.W., 1988, Network and array anal Munro, P. S.; Halliday, R. J.; Shannon, W. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-44568-9 — Active Faults of the World Robert Yeats Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-44568-9 — Active Faults of the World Robert Yeats Index More Information Index Abancay Deflection, 201, 204–206, 223 Allmendinger, R. W., 206 Abant, Turkey, earthquake of 1957 Ms 7.0, 286 allochthonous terranes, 26 Abdrakhmatov, K. Y., 381, 383 Alpine fault, New Zealand, 482, 486, 489–490, 493 Abercrombie, R. E., 461, 464 Alps, 245, 249 Abers, G. A., 475–477 Alquist-Priolo Act, California, 75 Abidin, H. Z., 464 Altay Range, 384–387 Abiz, Iran, fault, 318 Alteriis, G., 251 Acambay graben, Mexico, 182 Altiplano Plateau, 190, 191, 200, 204, 205, 222 Acambay, Mexico, earthquake of 1912 Ms 6.7, 181 Altunel, E., 305, 322 Accra, Ghana, earthquake of 1939 M 6.4, 235 Altyn Tagh fault, 336, 355, 358, 360, 362, 364–366, accreted terrane, 3 378 Acocella, V., 234 Alvarado, P., 210, 214 active fault front, 408 Álvarez-Marrón, J. M., 219 Adamek, S., 170 Amaziahu, Dead Sea, fault, 297 Adams, J., 52, 66, 71–73, 87, 494 Ambraseys, N. N., 226, 229–231, 234, 259, 264, 275, Adria, 249, 250 277, 286, 288–290, 292, 296, 300, 301, 311, 321, Afar Triangle and triple junction, 226, 227, 231–233, 328, 334, 339, 341, 352, 353 237 Ammon, C. J., 464 Afghan (Helmand) block, 318 Amuri, New Zealand, earthquake of 1888 Mw 7–7.3, 486 Agadir, Morocco, earthquake of 1960 Ms 5.9, 243 Amurian Plate, 389, 399 Age of Enlightenment, 239 Anatolia Plate, 263, 268, 292, 293 Agua Blanca fault, Baja California, 107 Ancash, Peru, earthquake of 1946 M 6.3 to 6.9, 201 Aguilera, J., vii, 79, 138, 189 Ancón fault, Venezuela, 166 Airy, G. -
Longitudinal and Temporal Evolution of the Tectonic Style Along The
Longitudinal and Temporal Evolution of the Tectonic Style Along the Cyprus Arc System, Assessed Through 2-D Reflection Seismic Interpretation Vasilis Symeou, Catherine Homberg, Fadi H. Nader, Romain Darnault, Jean-claude Lecomte, Nikolaos Papadimitriou To cite this version: Vasilis Symeou, Catherine Homberg, Fadi H. Nader, Romain Darnault, Jean-claude Lecomte, et al.. Longitudinal and Temporal Evolution of the Tectonic Style Along the Cyprus Arc System, Assessed Through 2-D Reflection Seismic Interpretation. Tectonics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2018, 37 (1), pp.30 - 47. 10.1002/2017TC004667. hal-01827497 HAL Id: hal-01827497 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01827497 Submitted on 2 Jul 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Longitudinal and Temporal Evolution of the Tectonic Style Along the Cyprus Arc System, Assessed Through 2-D Reflection Seismic Interpretation Vasilis Symeou1,2 , Catherine Homberg1, Fadi H. Nader2, Romain Darnault2, Jean-Claude Lecomte2, and Nikolaos Papadimitriou1,2 1ISTEP, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 2Geosciences Division, IFP Energies nouvelles, Rueil-Malmaison, Key Points: • Lateral changes from a compressional France to a strike-slip regime along the Cyprus Arc • Different crustal nature in the eastern Abstract The Cyprus Arc system constitutes a major active plate boundary in the eastern Mediterranean Mediterranean region. -
Glacial Rebound and Plate Spreading: Results from the First Countrywide GPS Observations in Iceland
Geophys. J. Int. (2009) 177, 691–716 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04059.x Glacial rebound and plate spreading: results from the first countrywide GPS observations in Iceland ∗ T. Arnad´ ottir,´ 1 B. Lund,2 W. Jiang,1 H. Geirsson,3 H. Bjornsson,¨ 4 P. Einarsson4 and T. Sigurdsson5 1Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjav´ık, Iceland. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavagen¨ 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden 3Physics Department, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjav´ık, Iceland 4Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjav´ık, Iceland 5National Land Survey of Iceland, Akranes, Iceland Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/177/2/691/2023257 by guest on 30 September 2021 Accepted 2008 December 10. Received 2008 December 5; in original form 2008 June 12 SUMMARY Iceland is one of the few places on Earth where a divergent plate boundary can be observed on land. Direct observations of crustal deformation for the whole country are available for the first time from nationwide Global Positioning System (GPS) campaigns in 1993 and 2004. The plate spreading across the island is imaged by the horizontal velocity field and high uplift rates (≥10 mm yr−1) are observed over a large part of central and southeastern Iceland. Several earthquakes, volcanic intrusions and eruptions occurred during the time spanned by the measurements, causing local disturbances of the deformation field. After correcting for the largest earthquakes during the observation period, we calculate the strain rate field and find that the main feature of the field is the extension across the rift zones, subparallel to the direction of plate motion. -
Iceland Is Cool: an Origin for the Iceland Volcanic Province in the Remelting of Subducted Iapetus Slabs at Normal Mantle Temperatures
Iceland is cool: An origin for the Iceland volcanic province in the remelting of subducted Iapetus slabs at normal mantle temperatures G. R. Foulger§1 & Don L. Anderson¶ §Department of Geological Sciences, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Rd., Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K. ¶California Institute of Technology, Seismological Laboratory, MC 252-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, U. S. A. Abstract The time-progressive volcanic track, high temperatures, and lower-mantle seismic anomaly predicted by the plume hypothesis are not observed in the Iceland region. A model that fits the observations better attributes the enhanced magmatism there to the extraction of melt from a region of upper mantle that is at relatively normal temperature but more fertile than average. The source of this fertility is subducted Iapetus oceanic crust trapped in the Caledonian suture where it is crossed by the mid-Atlantic ridge. The extraction of enhanced volumes of melt at this locality on the spreading ridge has built a zone of unusually thick crust that traverses the whole north Atlantic. Trace amounts of partial melt throughout the upper mantle are a consequence of the more fusible petrology and can explain the seismic anomaly beneath Iceland and the north Atlantic without the need to appeal to very high temperatures. The Iceland region has persistently been characterised by complex jigsaw tectonics involving migrating spreading ridges, microplates, oblique spreading and local variations in the spreading direction. This may result from residual structural complexities in the region, inherited from the Caledonian suture, coupled with the influence of the very thick crust that must rift in order to accommodate spreading-ridge extension. -
Neotectonics and Long-Term Seismicity in Europe and the Mediterranean Region
1 2 Neotectonics and long-term seismicity in Europe and the 3 Mediterranean region 4 5 Michele M. C. Carafa (1), Salvatore Barba (2) and Peter Bird (3) 6 1 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – INGV, Sezione di Tettonofisica e 7 Sismologia, L’Aquila, Italy. Email: [email protected] 8 2 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – INGV, Sezione di Tettonofisica e 9 Sismologia, Rome, Italy. Email: [email protected] 10 3 Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los 11 Angeles, USA. Email: [email protected] 12 13 Abstract 14 We present a neotectonic model of ongoing lithosphere deformation and a 15 corresponding estimate of long-term shallow seismicity across the Africa-Eurasia plate 16 boundary, including the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean region, and continental Europe. 17 GPS and stress data are absent or inadequate for the part of the study area covered by 18 water. Thus, we opt for a dynamic model based on the stress-equilibrium equation; this 19 approach allows us to estimate the long-term behavior of the lithosphere (given certain 20 assumptions about its structure and physics) for both land and sea areas. We first update 21 the existing plate model by adding five quasi-rigid plates (the Ionian Sea, Adria, 22 Northern Greece, Central Greece, and Marmara) to constrain the deformation pattern of 23 the study area. We use the most recent datasets to estimate the lithospheric structure. 24 The models are evaluated in comparison with updated datasets of geodetic velocities 25 and the most compressive horizontal principal stress azimuths. -
Identification Key for Pliocene and Quaternary Spiniferites Taxa Bearing Intergonal Processes Based on Observations from Estuarine and Coastal Environments
PALYNOLOGY 2018, VOL. 42, NO. S1, 72–88 https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2018.1465733 Identification key for Pliocene and Quaternary Spiniferites taxa bearing intergonal processes based on observations from estuarine and coastal environments Audrey Limogesa,b, Laurent Londeixc, Kenneth Neil Mertensd,e, Andre Rochonf, Vera Pospelovag, Tomasa Cuellar h and Anne de Vernali aDepartment of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark; bDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 2 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, Canada; cUMR 5805 EPOC, CS50023, Allee Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire, Universite de Bordeaux, Pessac Cedex, France; dResearch Unit for Palaeontology Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; eIfremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, Concarneau Cedex, France; fInstitut des sciences de la mer (ISMER), UniversiteduQuebec a Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada; gSchool of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada; hPosgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologıa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; iDepartement des sciences de la Terre et de l’Atmosphere, Geotop, UniversiteduQuebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada ABSTRACT KEYWORDS The use of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages as a tool for palaeo-environmental reconstructions strongly Dinoflagellate cyst; relies on the robustness of cyst identification and existing information on the distribution of the differ- taxonomy; description; ent species. To this purpose, we propose a functional key for the identification of Pliocene and morphological variability; emendations Quaternary Spiniferites bearing intergonal processes and depict the range of morphological variation of the different species on the basis of new observations from estuarine and coastal regions. Accordingly, the description of Spiniferites mirabilis is emended to include the new subspecies Spiniferites mirabilis subsp. -
The Mediterranean Region—A Geological Primer
160 Article by William Cavazza1 and Forese Carlo Wezel2 The Mediterranean region—a geological primer 1 Dept. of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, Univ. of Bologna, Italy. [email protected] 2 Institute of Environmental Dynamics, University of Urbino, Italy. [email protected] The last twenty-five years of geological investigation of the Mediterranean region have disproved the traditional Introduction notion that the Alpine-Himalayan mountain ranges Many important ideas and influential geological models have been originated from the closure of a single, albeit complex, developed based on research undertaken in the Mediterranean oceanic domain—the Tethys. Instead, the present-day region. For example, the Alps are the most studied orogen in the geological configuration of the Mediterranean region is world, their structure has been elucidated in great detail for the most part and has served as an orogenic model applied to other collisional the result of the creation and ensuing consumption of orogens. Ophiolites and olistostromes were defined and studied for two major oceanic basins—the Paleotethys and the the first time in this region. The Mediterranean Sea has possibly the Neotethys—and of additional smaller oceanic basins highest density of DSDP/ODP sites in the world, and extensive within an overall regime of prolonged interaction research on its Messinian deposits and on their on-land counterparts has provided a spectacular example for the generation of widespread between the Eurasian and the African-Arabian plates. basinal evaporites. Other portions of this region are less well under- In greater detail, there is still some debate about exactly stood and are now the focus of much international attention. -
Iberian Plate-Kinematics in Paleomagnetic and Mantle Reference Frames, Gondwana Research (2016), Doi: 10.1016/J.Gr.2016.03.006
ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Cretaceous slab break-off in the Pyrenees: Iberian plate-kinematics in paleo- magnetic and mantle reference frames Reinoud L.M. Vissers, Douwe J.J. van Hinsbergen, Douwe G. van der Meer, Wim Spakman PII: S1342-937X(16)30053-3 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2016.03.006 Reference: GR 1599 To appear in: Gondwana Research Received date: 21 September 2015 Revised date: 2 March 2016 Accepted date: 3 March 2016 Please cite this article as: Vissers, Reinoud L.M., van Hinsbergen, Douwe J.J., van der Meer, Douwe G., Spakman, Wim, Cretaceous slab break-off in the Pyrenees: Iberian plate-kinematics in paleomagnetic and mantle reference frames, Gondwana Research (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2016.03.006 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Cretaceous slab break-off in the Pyrenees: Iberian plate- kinematics in paleomagnetic and mantle reference frames Reinoud L.M. Vissers1, Douwe J.J. van Hinsbergen1, Douwe G. van der Meer1,2, Wim Spakman1,3 1 Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, Utrecht 3584 CD, Netherlands 2 Nexen Petroleum UK Ltd, 97 Oxford Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 1LU, UK 3 Center for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 24, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway corresponding author: Reinoud L.M. -
This Report Is Preliminary and Has Not Bee Reviewed for Conformity with US
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Northeast-trending subcrustal fault transects western Washington by Kenneth F. Fox, Jr.* Open-File Report 83-398 This report is preliminary and has not bee reviewed for conformity with U.S Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. *U.S. Geological Survey 3^5 Middlefield Road Menlo Park, California 9^025 Page Table of Contents Tectonic setting......................................................... 1 Seisraicity............................................................... 4 Discussion............................................................... 4 References cited......................................................... 6 Figures Figure 1. Magnetic anomalies in the northeastern Pacific................ 8 Figure 2. Bathymetry at intersection of Columbia lineament and Blanco fracture zone................................................. 9 Figure 3. Plane vector representation of movement of Gorda plate........ 10 Figure 4. Reconstruction of Pacific-Juan de Fuca plate geometry 2 m.y. before present................................................ 11 Figure 5. Epicenters of historical earthquakes with intensity greater than V........................................................ 12 TECTONIC SETTING The north-trending magnetic anomalies of the Juan de Fuca plate are off set along two conspicuous northeast-trending lineaments (fig. 1), named the Columbia offset and the Destruction offset by Carlson (1981). The northeast ward projections of these lineaments intersect the continental area of western Washington, hence are of potential significance to the tectonics of the Pacific Northwest region. Pavoni (1966) suggested that these lineaments were left-lateral faults, and that the Columbia, 280 km in length, had 52 km of offset, and the Destruction, with a length of 370 km, had 75 km of offset. Based on Vine's (1968) correlation of the magnetic anomalies mapped in this area by Raff and Mason (1961), with the magnetic reversal time scale, Silver (1971b, p. -
1 Introduction Gondwana
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sydney eScholarship Regional plate tectonic reconstructions of the Indian Ocean Thesis Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ana Gibbons School of Geosciences 2012 Supervised by Professor R. Dietmar Müller and Dr Joanne Whittaker The University of Sydney, PhD Thesis, Ana Gibbons, 2012 - Introduction DECLARATION I declare that this thesis contains less than 100,000 words and contains no work that has been submitted for a higher degree at any other university or institution. No animal or ethical approvals were applicable to this study. The use of any published written material or data has been duly acknowledged. Ana Gibbons ii The University of Sydney, PhD Thesis, Ana Gibbons, 2012 - Introduction ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisors for their endless encouragement, generosity, patience, and not least of all their expertise and ingenuity. I have thoroughly benefitted from working with them and cannot imagine a better supervisory team. I also thank Maria Seton, Carmen Gaina and Sabin Zahirovic for their help and encouragement. I thank Statoil (Norway), the Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia (PESA) and the School of Geosciences, University of Sydney for support. I am extremely grateful to Udo Barckhausen, Kaj Hoernle, Reinhard Werner, Paul Van Den Bogaard and all staff and crew of the CHRISP research cruise for a very informative and fun collaboration, which greatly refined this first chapter of this thesis. I also wish to thank Dr Yatheesh Vadakkeyakath from the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India, for his thorough review, which considerably improved the overall model and quality of the second chapter.