DOCSLIB.ORG

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-44568-9 — Active Faults of the World Robert Yeats Index More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-44568-9 — Active Faults of the World Robert Yeats Index More Information Index Abancay Deflection, 201, 204–206, 223 Allmendinger, R. W., 206 Abant, Turkey, earthquake of 1957 Ms 7.0, 286 allochthonous terranes, 26 Abdrakhmatov, K. Y., 381, 383 Alpine fault, New Zealand, 482, 486, 489–490, 493 Abercrombie, R. E., 461, 464 Alps, 245, 249 Abers, G. A., 475–477 Alquist-Priolo Act, California, 75 Abidin, H. Z., 464 Altay Range, 384–387 Abiz, Iran, fault, 318 Alteriis, G., 251 Acambay graben, Mexico, 182 Altiplano Plateau, 190, 191, 200, 204, 205, 222 Acambay, Mexico, earthquake of 1912 Ms 6.7, 181 Altunel, E., 305, 322 Accra, Ghana, earthquake of 1939 M 6.4, 235 Altyn Tagh fault, 336, 355, 358, 360, 362, 364–366, accreted terrane, 3 378 Acocella, V., 234 Alvarado, P., 210, 214 active fault front, 408 Álvarez-Marrón, J. M., 219 Adamek, S., 170 Amaziahu, Dead Sea, fault, 297 Adams, J., 52, 66, 71–73, 87, 494 Ambraseys, N. N., 226, 229–231, 234, 259, 264, 275, Adria, 249, 250 277, 286, 288–290, 292, 296, 300, 301, 311, 321, Afar Triangle and triple junction, 226, 227, 231–233, 328, 334, 339, 341, 352, 353 237 Ammon, C. J., 464 Afghan (Helmand) block, 318 Amuri, New Zealand, earthquake of 1888 Mw 7–7.3, 486 Agadir, Morocco, earthquake of 1960 Ms 5.9, 243 Amurian Plate, 389, 399 Age of Enlightenment, 239 Anatolia Plate, 263, 268, 292, 293 Agua Blanca fault, Baja California, 107 Ancash, Peru, earthquake of 1946 M 6.3 to 6.9, 201 Aguilera, J., vii, 79, 138, 189 Ancón fault, Venezuela, 166 Airy, G. B., 335 Andaman Sea spreading center, 454 Aitken, T., 161 Anderson, H., 490 Akwapim, Ghana, fault zone, 235 Anderson, J. G., 117 Akyüz, H. S., 287 Anderson, R. E., 128 Al Gaddaheya, Libya, earthquake of 1935 M 7.1, 236 Andreani, L., 147, 159, 186 Al Hoceima, Morocco, earthquake of 1994 Mw 6.0, 244 Andreanof, Aleutians, earthquake of 1957 Mw 8.7, 30, 31 Al Hoceima, Morocco, earthquake of 2004 Mw 6.4, 244 Anegada Passage graben, 153 Alaniz-Álvarez, S. A., 148, 182 Anjar, India, earthquake of 1956 Mw 6.1, 338 Alaska Peninsula earthquake of 1938 Mw 8.2, 31 Ansei, Japan, earthquakes of 1854, 395 Albertine Rift, Africa, 228 Antarctica Plate, 192, 218 Alborz Mountains, Iran, 308, 309, 311, 313, 314 antecedent stream, 15 Aleutian fault zone, 401, 402 Anti-Lebanon Range, 294, 301 Aleutian subduction zone, 22, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32, 34, 76, Antofagasta, Chile, subduction-zone earthquake of 77, 401 1995, 209 Aleutian trench, 26 Anza seismic gap, San Jacinto fault, California, 103, Algeciras fault, Colombia, 196, 198 142 Al Ghab Basin, Syria, 294, 304 Aoki, Y., 428 Al-Heety, E. A., 236 Apel, E., 341 Ali, S. Y., 151 Apennines, 244, 246, 248 Allah Bund, India, earthquake of 1819 Mw ≥ 7.5, 336, Appelgate, T. B., 259 337, 390 Apsheron Sill, Caspian Sea, 311 Allen, C. R., 82, 100, 103, 360–362, 450, 451, 470 Apulia, 271, 277 Allen, M. B., 311 Apulian platform, 244, 249 600 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-44568-9 — Active Faults of the World Robert Yeats Index More Information 601 Index Araba fault, Dead Sea Transform, 297 Banda Arc, Indonesia, 326, 466 Arabasz, W., 207 Baranowski, J., 348 Arabia Plate, 225, 227, 263, 294 Barazangi, M., 190 Argus, D. F., 85, 89, 92, 94, 96, 115, 121, 124, 140 Barbados accretionary prism, 159, 161, 163 Arica Bight, Perú–Chile, 191, 203, 206, 207 Barckhausen, U., 170 Arima–Takatsugi Tectonic Line, Japan, 430 Bari Gad fault, 359 Armijo, R., 207–209, 214, 222, 272, 273, 280, 289, Barka, A., 279, 285–290, 307, 321 354, 356, 357, 359 Barnes, G. L., 397 Arpat, E., 292 Barnes, P.M., 486, 488, 489 Arrowsmith, R., 96, 98 Barracuda, Tiburón, ridge, 163 Arthur’s Pass, New Zealand, earthquake of 1929 Ms Barrientos, S. E., 135, 214 7.0, 486 Basel, Switzerland earthquake of 1356 Mw 6.9, 251 Arvin–Tehachapi (Kern County), California, Basin and Range normal-fault province, U. S., Mexico, earthquake of 1952 Mw 7.3, 118 79, 125, 130–135, 179 Asal Rift, 233 Basin-and-Range horst-and-graben topography, aseismic front, 407 Guatemala–Honduras, 158 Ashi, J., 416 Bastías, H. E., 211 Ashkabad, Turkmenistan, earthquake of 1948 Bautista, B. C., 468 Ms 7.2, 311 Bawden, G. W., 119, 140 Assaluyeh trend, Iran, 320 Beanland, S., 125, 491 Assam earthquake of 1950 M 8.4, 353, 354 Beck, J. L., 139 Assumpção, M., 219, 257 Becker, A., 251 Atacama fault, Chile, 207, 208, 209 Beijing faults, 377 Atakan, K., 290, 321 Bell, J. W., 125, 128, 132 Atera fault, 434 Bell, R. E., 273 Athens earthquake of 1999 Mw 5.9, 277, 323–324 Bellahsen, N., 233 Atrato–Uraba fault, 167, 170 Bellier, O., 201, 454, 456, 472 Atushi, Xinjiang, earthquake of 1902 Ms 8.3, 382 Ben-Avraham, Z., 294, 300 Atwater, B. F., 45, 51, 54, 60, 216, 217 Bendick, R., 335, 366 Atwater, T., 19, 23, 84, 117 Benedetti, L. C., 246 Audemard, F. A., 164, 166 Benetatos, C., 249 Aung, T. T., 344, 392 Bengal fan, 457 Aurelio, M. A., 470 Benham Rise, 469 Avagyan, A., 307 Benioff, H., 397 Avezzano (Fucino), Italy, normal-fault earthquake of Ben-Menahem, A., 298–301, 303, 306, 322 1915 of M 7.0, 248 Bennett, R. A., 249 Avouac, J.-P., 381, 384, 449 Bentor, Y.K., 300 Awatere fault earthquake of 1848 of Mw 7.5, 486 Berberian, M., 309–320, 327 Awatere fault, New Zealand, 486 Berger, A. L., 29 Azores Oblique Spreading Center, 237 Bering Microplate, 25, 37 Azores triple junction, 225, 237, 238, 260 Bernard, P., 161, 163 Beroza, G. C., 416 Babb, S., 166 Berryman, K. R., 483–486, 489, 490 Baby, P., 204, 210 Besana, G. M., 469 Badawi, A., 234 Betic Cordillera, Spain, 241, 242 Baffin Bay, Canada, earthquake 1933 M 7.3, 72 Beyer, L. A., 114 Bahama carbonate platform, 147, 150, 184 Bezerra, F. H.R., 220, 219 Baikal Rift, 138, 385, 387–389, 399 Bezzeghoud, M., 244 Muya earthquake of 1957 M 7.8, 389 Bhuj, India, earthquake of 2001 Mw 7.6, 337, Tsagan earthquake of 1862 M ~ 7, 389 338, 389 Baja California and Gulf of California, 116–118 Biak earthquake of 1996 Mw 8, 473 Baker, D. M., 348, 350, 351 Biasi, G. P., 98, 142 Bakun, W. H., 58, 67, 68, 94 Big Bear, California, left-lateral strike-slip earthquake Balakot–Bagh fault, Pakistan, 352, 353 of 1992 Mw 6.2, 123 Baljinnyam, I., 385, 387 Big Pine fault, California, 110, 120 Balkhan Sill, Caspian Sea, 311 Biggs, J., 230 Bam, Iran, earthquake of 2003 Mw 6.6, 317, 327 Bilek, S. L., 454 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-44568-9 — Active Faults of the World Robert Yeats Index More Information 602 Index Bilham, R., 327, 329, 332, 334, 337, 338, 354, 390 Bucaramanga Nest, Colombia, 166 Bilila–Mtakataka, Malawi, normal fault, 230 Bucaramanga slab, 194 Bingöl, Turkey, earthquake of 1971 Ms 6.9, 291, 292 Bucharest, Romania, earthquake of 1977 M 7.2, 267 Bird, P., 457 Bucknam, R. C., 60 Birkeland, P.W., 16 Bufe, C. G., 139 Bischke, R. E., 468, 470 Bull, W. B., 489 Bitlis Suture, 225, 263, 318 Bulnay, Mongolia, earthquake of 1905 M 8.2, 386 Bjarnason, I. T., 258 Burbank, D. W., 15 Bjorklund, T., 104, 105, 144 Burkart, B., 158 Blackwell, D. D., 57 Burke, K., 146, 154, 155, 236 Blakely, R. J., 57, 60 Burrato, P., 251 Blisniuk, K., 103 Buwalda, J. P., 118 Blizzard Creek, Alaska, volcanic center, 29, 77 Büyük Menderes graben, Turkey, 277 Blue Cut fault, California, 121 Byrne, D. E., 332–334 Blue Mountains, Jamaica, restraining bend, 154 Bo’in Zahra, Iran, earthquake of 1962 Mw 7.0, 313 Cabrera, J., 205 Boatwright, J., 87 Cadet, J. P., 399 Boconó fault, Venezuela, 96, 148, 164–167 Cajamarca deflection, 201 Bodin, P., 338 Cakir, Z., 244 body waves and surface waves, 6 Calabria, Italy earthquakes of 1638 M 6.6 – 6.8, 247 Bogd fault, Mongolia, 386, 387 Calabria, Italy, earthquake of 1783, 247 Bohoyo, F., 193, 217 Calabrian subduction zone, 239, 244, 265, 325 Bollinger, G. A., 66, 70, 71 Calais, E., 70, 150, 156, 188, 229, 378 Bolt, B. A., 8, 139 Calaveras fault, California, 86, 92, 94 Bolu–Gerede, Turkey, earthquake of 1994 Ms 7.3, 285 Çalderan, Turkey, earthquake of 1976 M 7.3, 309 Bonilla, M. G., 443 California Continental Borderland, 98, 103, 107, 118 bookshelf tectonics, 26, 39, 76, 499 Camacho, E., 146, 169, 184 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake of 1983 Mw 6.9, 125, 135 Camelbeeck, T., 253 Borissoff, B. A., 310 Caminade, J.-P., 479 Borjomi–Kazbeg fault, Caucasus, 307, 309 Camino de Cruces offset, Panamá, 169 Borrego Mountain, California, earthquake of 1968 Campania–Lucania, Italy, earthquake of 1980 Ms Mw 6.5, 102 6.9, 248 Boschi, E., 248 Campbell, N. D., 64 Boso Peninsula, Japan, 426 Canal de Ballenas transform fault, Gulf of California, 117 Botros, M., 47 Cannon, E. C., 497 Bourmerdes–Zemmouri, Algeria, earthquake of 2003 Canora, C., 174, 184 Mw 6.8, 243 Cape Ann, Massachusetts, earthquake of 1755 M Bowers Ridge, 25 5.9–6.0, 71 Brankman, C. M., 107, 144 Cape Ashizuri marine terraces, Japan, 419 Branner, J. C., 80, 220 Cape Mendocino, California, earthquake of 1992, 50, Braunmiller, J., 42, 47, 58, 75, 133, 323 54, 64 Brawley seismic zone, California, 83, 101, 116 Cape St.
Recommended publications
  • Canada's Active Western Margin

    Canada's Active Western Margin

    Geoscience Canada. Volume 3. Nunber 4 269 in the area of Washington and Oregon seemed necessary geometrically. This suggestion was reiterated by Tobin and Sykes (1968) in their study of the seismicity ofthe regionanddevelopedin established the presence and basic bathymetric trench at the foot of the Canada's Active configuration of an active spreading continental slope, the absence of a ocean ridge system ofl the west coast of clearly defined eastward dipping Beniofl Western Margin - Vancwver Island. The theory of the earthquake zone and the apparently geometrical mwement of rigid quiescent state of present volcanism The Case for lithospheric plates on a spherical earth have all contributed toward a (introducedas the 'paving stone' theory) widespreaa uncertalnfy as to whether Subduction was tirst ~ro~osedand tasted bv subddctlon 1s cbrrently taking place ~c~enziiand Parker (1967) using data (e.8.. Crosson. 1972: ~rivast&a,1973; R. P. Riddihough and R. D. Hyndnan from the N. Pacific and in the global Stacey. 1973). Past subduction, fran Victoria Geophysical Observatory, extension of the theory by Morgan several tens of m.y. ago until at leastone Earth Physics Branch, (1 968) this reglon again played a major or two m y. ago. IS more generally Department Energy, Mines and role Morgan alsoconcluded that a small accepted ana it seems to us that the Resources, block eitof theJuandeFuca ridge (the case for contemporary subduction, in a 5071 W. Saanich Rd. Juan de Fuca plate. Fig. 2) was moving large part, must beargued upona Victoria B. C. independently of the main Pacific plate. continuation into the present of the The possibility that theJuan de Fuca processes shown to be active in the Summary plate is now underthrustingNorth recent geological past.
  • Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report

    Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report

    l 122 EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL ASPECTS OPEN FILE REPORT 92-2 EARTHQUAKES AND Ludwin, R. S.; Malone, S. D.; Crosson, R. EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Washington SEISMOLOGY - 1946 EVENT ASPECTS eanhquak:es, 1985. Clague, J. J., 1989, Research on eanh- Ludwin, R. S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Reeval­ Perkins, J. B.; Moy, Kenneth, 1989, Llabil­ quak:e-induced ground failures in south­ uation of the 19th century Washington ity of local government for earthquake western British Columbia [abstract). and Oregon eanhquake catalog using hazards and losses-A guide to the law Evans, S. G., 1989, The 1946 Mount Colo­ original accounts-The moderate sized and its impacts in the States of Califor­ nel Foster rock avalanches and auoci­ earthquake of May l, 1882 [abstract). nia, Alaska, Utah, and Washington; ated displacement wave, Vancouver Is­ Final repon. Maley, Richard, 1986, Strong motion accel­ land, British Columbia. erograph stations in Oregon and Wash­ Hasegawa, H. S.; Rogers, G. C., 1978, EARTHQUAKES AND ington (April 1986). Appendix C Quantification of the magnitude 7.3, SEISMOLOGY - NETWORKS Malone, S. D., 1991, The HAWK seismic British Columbia earthquake of June 23, AND CATALOGS data acquisition and analysis system 1946. [abstract). Berg, J. W., Jr.; Baker, C. D., 1963, Oregon Hodgson, E. A., 1946, British Columbia eanhquak:es, 1841 through 1958 [ab­ Milne, W. G., 1953, Seismological investi­ earthquake, June 23, 1946. gations in British Columbia (abstract). stract). Hodgson, J. H.; Milne, W. G., 1951, Direc­ Chan, W.W., 1988, Network and array anal­ Munro, P. S.; Halliday, R. J.; Shannon, W.
  • Ocean Trench

    Ocean Trench

    R E S O U R C E L I B R A R Y E N C Y C L O P E D I C E N T RY Ocean trench Ocean trenches are long, narrow depressions on the seafloor. These chasms are the deepest parts of the ocean—and some of the deepest natural spots on Earth. G R A D E S 5 - 12+ S U B J E C T S Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography C O N T E N T S 11 Images, 1 Video, 2 Links For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources, visit: http://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ocean-trench/ Ocean trenches are long, narrow depressions on the seafloor. These chasms are the deepest parts of the ocean—and some of the deepest natural spots on Earth. Ocean trenches are found in every ocean basin on the planet, although the deepest ocean trenches ring the Pacific as part of the so-called “Ring of Fire” that also includes active volcanoes and earthquake zones. Ocean trenches are a result of tectonic activity, which describes the movement of the Earth’s lithosphere. In particular, ocean trenches are a feature of convergent plate boundaries, where two or more tectonic plates meet. At many convergent plate boundaries, dense lithosphere melts or slides beneath less-dense lithosphere in a process called subduction, creating a trench. Ocean trenches occupy the deepest layer of the ocean, the hadalpelagic zone. The intense pressure, lack of sunlight, and frigid temperatures of the hadalpelagic zone make ocean trenches some of the most unique habitats on Earth.
  • Seismic Shift Diablo Canyon Literally and Figuratively on Shaky Ground

    Seismic Shift Diablo Canyon Literally and Figuratively on Shaky Ground

    SEISMIC SHIFT DIABLO CANYON LITERALLY AND FIGURATIVELY ON SHAKY GROUND Five years ago, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) informed the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) about a newly discovered fault offshore from its Diablo Canyon nuclear plant that could cause more ground motion during an earthquake than the plant was designed to withstand. In other words, there was a gap between seismic protection levels of the plant and the seismic threat levels it faced. When similar gaps were identified at other nuclear facilities in California, New York, Pennsylvania, Maine, and Virginia, the facilities were not permitted to generate electricity until the gaps were closed. The electricity generation gaps did not trump the seismic protection gaps: the need for safety was deemed more important than the need for electricity and its revenues. But the two reactors at Diablo Canyon continue operating despite the seismic protection gap. In the former cases the NRC would not allow nuclear facilities to operate until they demonstrated an adequate level of safety through compliance with federal regulations. It wasn’t that evidence showed disaster was looming on the horizon. Instead, it was that evidence failed to show that the risk of disaster was being properly managed. At Diablo Canyon the NRC has flipped the risk management construct. Despite solid evidence that Diablo Canyon does not conform to regulatory requirements, the nuclear version of the “no blood, no foul” rule is deemed close enough to let its reactors continue operating. This seismic shift places Diablo Canyon’s two aging reactors literally and figuratively on shaky ground. If an earthquake occurs, it may result in more damage than the nuclear plant can withstand, with dire consequences for tens of thousands of Californians.
  • Tectonic Influences on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Walker Lane: an Incipient Transform Fault Along the Evolving Pacific – North American Plate Boundary

    Tectonic Influences on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Walker Lane: an Incipient Transform Fault Along the Evolving Pacific – North American Plate Boundary

    Arizona Geological Society Digest 22 2008 Tectonic influences on the spatial and temporal evolution of the Walker Lane: An incipient transform fault along the evolving Pacific – North American plate boundary James E. Faulds and Christopher D. Henry Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA ABSTRACT Since ~30 Ma, western North America has been evolving from an Andean type mar- gin to a dextral transform boundary. Transform growth has been marked by retreat of magmatic arcs, gravitational collapse of orogenic highlands, and periodic inland steps of the San Andreas fault system. In the western Great Basin, a system of dextral faults, known as the Walker Lane (WL) in the north and eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) in the south, currently accommodates ~20% of the Pacific – North America dextral motion. In contrast to the continuous 1100-km-long San Andreas system, discontinuous dextral faults with relatively short lengths (<10-250 km) characterize the WL-ECSZ. Cumulative dextral displacement across the WL-ECSZ generally decreases northward from ≥60 km in southern and east-central California, to ~25 km in northwest Nevada, to negligible in northeast California. GPS geodetic strain rates average ~10 mm/yr across the WL-ECSZ in the western Great Basin but are much less in the eastern WL near Las Vegas (<2 mm/ yr) and along the northwest terminus in northeast California (~2.5 mm/yr). The spatial and temporal evolution of the WL-ECSZ is closely linked to major plate boundary events along the San Andreas fault system. For example, the early Miocene elimination of microplates along the southern California coast, southward steps in the Rivera triple junction at 19-16 Ma and 13 Ma, and an increase in relative plate motions ~12 Ma collectively induced the first major episode of deformation in the WL-ECSZ, which began ~13 Ma along the N60°W-trending Las Vegas Valley shear zone.
  • JOURNAL Or GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 90, NO. B5, PAGES 3589-3615, APRIL 10, 1985 and SOUTHERN PERUVIAN MARGINS of SOUTH AMERICA

    JOURNAL Or GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 90, NO. B5, PAGES 3589-3615, APRIL 10, 1985 and SOUTHERN PERUVIAN MARGINS of SOUTH AMERICA

    JOURNAL or GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 90, NO. B5, PAGES 3589-3615, APRIL 10, 1985 SEISMIC POTENTIAL FOR LARGE AND GREAT 1NTERPLATE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE CHILEAN AND SOUTHERN PERUVIAN MARGINS OF SOUTH AMERICA: A QUAITITATIVE REAPPRAISAL l Stuart P. Nishenko Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University Palisades, New York Abstract. The seismic potential of the al., 1978, 1979; Nishenko and McCann, 1981]. Chilean and southern Peruvian margins of South Seismic gaps have been defined as those segments America is reevaluated to delineate those areas along active convergent or transform plate bound­ or segments of the margin that may be expected to aries that have not experienced a repeat of a experience large or great interplaZe earthquakes large or great interplate earthquake for more within the next 20 years (1984-2034). Long-term than a few decades and thus are considered likely estimates of seismic potential (or the condi- sites for future large or great events. While tional probability of recurrence within a speci- these observations provide estimates as to the fied period of time) are based on (1) statistical location and maximum likely size of future earth­ analysis of historic repeat time data using quakes, they do not provide estimates to better Weibull distributions and (2) deterministic esti- than a few tens of years as to the time of occur­ mates of recurrence times based on the time- rence of future large shocks. The lack of more predictable model of earthquake recurrence. Both precise temporal estimates primarily reflects the methods emphasize the periodic nature of large absence of local recurrence time, source size and and great earthquake recurrence, and are compared plate velocity data in the definition of the with estimates of probability based on the categories of seismic potential.
  • I I 71-15,061 CAMERON, Christopher Paul, 1940- PALEOMAGNETISM of SHEMYA and ADAK ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA. University O

    I I 71-15,061 CAMERON, Christopher Paul, 1940- PALEOMAGNETISM of SHEMYA and ADAK ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA. University O

    Paleomagnetism Of Shemya And Adak Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors Cameron, Christopher Paul Download date 23/09/2021 14:56:00 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/9194 I I 71-15,061 CAMERON, Christopher Paul, 1940- PALEOMAGNETISM OF SHEMYA AND ADAK ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA. University of Alaska, Ph.D., 1970 Geology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan tutc nTCCTDTATTOM MAC HTTM MTPROFIT.MFD F.VAPTT.Y AS RF.OF.TVF.D Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PALE01IAGNETISM OF SHEMYA AMD ADAK ISLAUDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Christopher P/" Cameron B. S. College, Alaska May, 1970 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PALEOilAGNETISM OF SHEMYA AND ADAK ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA APPROVED: f t l ‘y l .V" ■i. n ■ ■< < ; N w 1 T *W -C ltc-JL It / _ _ ____ /vx... , ~ ~ 7 YdSV Chairman APPPvOVED: dai£ 3 / 3 0 / 7 0 Dean of the College of Earth Sciences and Mineral Industry Vice President for Research and Advanced Study Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Paleomagnetic results are presented for Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic rocks from Shemya and Adak Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The specimens were collected and measured using standard paleomagnetic methods. Alternating field demagnetization techniques were applied to test the stability of the remanence and to remove unwanted secondary components of magnetization.
  • Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010 THRUST B' Profiles of Earthquake and Volcanoes Are PAMIR Constructed from the Mapped Data

    Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010 THRUST B' Profiles of Earthquake and Volcanoes Are PAMIR Constructed from the Mapped Data

    U.S. Department of the Interior Open-File Report 2010–1083–J U.S. Geological Survey Hindu Kush Focus Inset Map Version 1.1, revised January 28, 2014 70° E 71° E 72° E 73° E 74° E 75° E 76° E 39° N 39° N DEPTH PROFILE EXPLANATION Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010 THRUST B' Profiles of earthquake and volcanoes are PAMIR constructed from the mapped data. Locations Himalaya and Vicinity of the profile intersection with the surface are MAIN TAJIKISTAN CHINA drawn in the map and labeled to coincide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 4 2 with the profile label. Box defines extent of Compiled by Bethan Turner, Jennifer Jenkins, Rebecca Turner, Amy L. Parker, Alison Sinclair, Sian Davies, Gaven P. Hayes, Antonio Villaseñor, Richard L. Dart, Arthur C. Tarr, Kevin P. Furlong, and Harley M. Benz earthquakes included in the profile. Length of the profile graphic is the same as in the map. 2013 Distance in kilometers from the trench axis is indicated in the X direction, depth in 68° 70° 72° 74° 76° 78° 80° 82° 84° 86° 88° 90° 92° 94° 96° 98° 100° 102° 104° 106° 108° 110° 38° N kilometers is indicated in the Y direction. Lake amir There is no vertical exaggeration. See 46° Yinchuan 38° N P Balkhash Urumqi Explanation color key. Not all earth layers, earthquake depths or magnitude, are visible obaoho on every profile. Chai W 36° B X Distance (km) X' KAZAKHSTAN -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 1911 1932 AFGHANISTAN TRENCH AXIS 0 A' KARAKORAM FAULT 44° Almaty 1920 1927 37° N -100 37° N -200 Dzhambul Bishkek HAIYUAN FAULT Ysk Köl Lake -300 TALAS-FERGHANA FAULT Xining Lanzhou
  • Geomorphic Evolution of Dehra Dun, NW Himalaya: Tectonics and Climatic Coupling

    Geomorphic Evolution of Dehra Dun, NW Himalaya: Tectonics and Climatic Coupling

    Geomorphology 266 (2016) 20–32 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Geomorphic evolution of Dehra Dun, NW Himalaya: Tectonics and climatic coupling Swati Sinha, Rajiv Sinha ⁎ Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India article info abstract Article history: The Dehra Dun is a good example of a piggyback basin formed from the growth of the Siwalik hills. Two large riv- Received 22 November 2015 ers, the Ganga and the Yamuna, and their tributaries deposit a significant part of their sediment load in the Dun Received in revised form 1 May 2016 before they enter the Gangetic plains. This work documents the geomorphic complexities and landform evolu- Accepted 2 May 2016 tion of the Dehra Dun through geomorphic mapping and chronostratigraphic investigation of the incised fan sec- Available online 6 May 2016 tions. Lesser Himalayan hills, inner and outer dissected hills, isolated hills, proximal fan, distal fan, dip slope unit, fl fi Keywords: oodplains, and terraces are the major geomorphic units identi ed in the area. Isolated hills of fan material (IHF), fi Intermontane valleys proximal fan (PF), and distal fan (DF) are identi ed as fan surfaces from north to south of the valley. The OSL Himalayan foreland based chronology of the fan sediments suggests that the IHF is the oldest fan consisting of debris flow deposits Valley fills with a maximum age of ~43 ka coinciding with the precipitation minima. The proximal fan consisting of sheet Fan deposits flow deposits represents the second phase of aggradation between 34 and 21 ka caused by shifting of deposition locus downstream triggered by high sediment supply that exceeded the transport capacity.
  • This Report Is Preliminary and Has Not Bee Reviewed for Conformity with US

    This Report Is Preliminary and Has Not Bee Reviewed for Conformity with US

    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Northeast-trending subcrustal fault transects western Washington by Kenneth F. Fox, Jr.* Open-File Report 83-398 This report is preliminary and has not bee reviewed for conformity with U.S Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. *U.S. Geological Survey 3^5 Middlefield Road Menlo Park, California 9^025 Page Table of Contents Tectonic setting......................................................... 1 Seisraicity............................................................... 4 Discussion............................................................... 4 References cited......................................................... 6 Figures Figure 1. Magnetic anomalies in the northeastern Pacific................ 8 Figure 2. Bathymetry at intersection of Columbia lineament and Blanco fracture zone................................................. 9 Figure 3. Plane vector representation of movement of Gorda plate........ 10 Figure 4. Reconstruction of Pacific-Juan de Fuca plate geometry 2 m.y. before present................................................ 11 Figure 5. Epicenters of historical earthquakes with intensity greater than V........................................................ 12 TECTONIC SETTING The north-trending magnetic anomalies of the Juan de Fuca plate are off­ set along two conspicuous northeast-trending lineaments (fig. 1), named the Columbia offset and the Destruction offset by Carlson (1981). The northeast­ ward projections of these lineaments intersect the continental area of western Washington, hence are of potential significance to the tectonics of the Pacific Northwest region. Pavoni (1966) suggested that these lineaments were left-lateral faults, and that the Columbia, 280 km in length, had 52 km of offset, and the Destruction, with a length of 370 km, had 75 km of offset. Based on Vine's (1968) correlation of the magnetic anomalies mapped in this area by Raff and Mason (1961), with the magnetic reversal time scale, Silver (1971b, p.
  • The Central Asia Collision Zone: Numerical Modelling of the Lithospheric Structure and the Present-Day Kinematics

    The Central Asia Collision Zone: Numerical Modelling of the Lithospheric Structure and the Present-Day Kinematics

    Th e Central Asia collision zone: numerical modelling of the lithospheric structure and the present - day kinematics Lavinia Tunini A questa tesi doctoral està subjecta a l a llicència Reconeixement - NoComercial – SenseObraDerivada 3.0. Espanya de Creative Commons . Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - NoComercial – SinObraDerivada 3.0. España de Creative Commons . Th is doctoral thesis is license d under the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivs 3.0. Spain License . The Central Asia collision zone: numerical modelling of the lithospheric structure and the present-day kinematics Ph.D. thesis presented at the Faculty of Geology of the University of Barcelona to obtain the Degree of Doctor in Earth Sciences Ph.D. student: Lavinia Tunini 1 Supervisors: Tutor: Dra. Ivone Jiménez-Munt 1 Prof. Dr. Juan José Ledo Fernández 2 Prof. Dr. Manel Fernàndez Ortiga 1 1 Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera 2 Department of Geodynamics and Geophysics of the University of Barcelona This thesis has been prepared at the Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) March 2015 Alla mia famiglia La natura non ha fretta, eppure tutto si realizza. – Lao Tzu Agradecimientos En mano tenéis un trabajo de casi 4 años, 173 páginas que no hubieran podido salir a luz sin el apoyo de quienes me han ayudado durante este camino, permitiendo acabar la Tesis antes que la Tesis acabase conmigo. En primer lugar quiero agradecer mis directores de tesis, Ivone Jiménez-Munt y Manel Fernàndez. Gracias por haberme dado la oportunidad de entrar en el proyecto ATIZA, de aprender de la modelización numérica, de participar a múltiples congresos y presentaciones, y, mientras, compartir unas cervezas.
  • 3D Seismic Velocity Structure Around Plate Boundaries and Active Fault Zones 47

    3D Seismic Velocity Structure Around Plate Boundaries and Active Fault Zones 47

    ProvisionalChapter chapter 3 3D Seismic Velocity Structure AroundAround PlatePlate BoundariesBoundaries and Active Fault Zones and Active Fault Zones Mohamed K. Salah Mohamed K. Salah Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65512 Abstract Active continental margins, including most of those bordering continents facing the Pacific Ocean, have many earthquakes. These continental margins mark major plate boundaries and are usually flanked by high mountains and deep trenches, departing from the main elevations of continents and ocean basins, and they also contain active volcanoes and, sometimes, active fault zones. Thus, most earthquakes occur predomi‐ nantly at deep‐sea trenches, mid‐ocean spreading ridges, and active mountain belts on continents. These earthquakes generate seismic waves; strong vibrations that propagate away from the earthquake focus at different speeds, due to the release of stored stress. Along their travel path from earthquake hypocenters to the recording stations, the seismic waves can image the internal Earth structure through the application of seismic tomography techniques. In the last few decades, there have been many advances in the theory and application of the seismic tomography methods to image the 3D structure of the Earth's internal layers, especially along major plate boundaries. Applications of these new techniques to arrival time data enabled the detailed imaging of active fault zones, location of magma chambers beneath active volcanoes, and the forecasting of future major earthquakes in seismotectonically active regions all over the world. Keywords: 3D seismic structure, seismic tomography, Vp/Vs ratio, plate boundaries, crustal structure 1.