Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-44568-9 — Active Faults of the World Robert Yeats Index More Information

Home , 2011 Myanmar earthquake, Aleutian Trench, Amurian Plate, Azores Triple Junction, Brawley seismic zone, Carnegie Ridge

Index

Abancay Deﬂection, 201, 204–206, 223 Allmendinger, R. W., 206

Abant, Turkey, earthquake of 1957 Ms 7.0, 286 allochthonous terranes, 26 Abdrakhmatov, K. Y., 381, 383 Alpine fault, New Zealand, 482, 486, 489–490, 493 Abercrombie, R. E., 461, 464 Alps, 245, 249 Abers, G. A., 475–477 Alquist-Priolo Act, California, 75 Abidin, H. Z., 464 Altay Range, 384–387 Abiz, Iran, fault, 318 Alteriis, G., 251 Acambay graben, Mexico, 182 Altiplano Plateau, 190, 191, 200, 204, 205, 222

Acambay, Mexico, earthquake of 1912 Ms 6.7, 181 Altunel, E., 305, 322 Accra, Ghana, earthquake of 1939 M 6.4, 235 Altyn Tagh fault, 336, 355, 358, 360, 362, 364–366, accreted terrane, 3 378 Acocella, V., 234 Alvarado, P., 210, 214 active fault front, 408 Álvarez-Marrón, J. M., 219 Adamek, S., 170 Amaziahu, Dead Sea, fault, 297 Adams, J., 52, 66, 71–73, 87, 494 Ambraseys, N. N., 226, 229–231, 234, 259, 264, 275, Adria, 249, 250 277, 286, 288–290, 292, 296, 300, 301, 311, 321, Afar Triangle and triple junction, 226, 227, 231–233, 328, 334, 339, 341, 352, 353 237 Ammon, C. J., 464

Afghan (Helmand) block, 318 Amuri, New Zealand, earthquake of 1888 Mw 7–7.3, 486 Agadir, Morocco, earthquake of 1960 Ms 5.9, 243 Amurian Plate, 389, 399 Age of Enlightenment, 239 Anatolia Plate, 263, 268, 292, 293 Agua Blanca fault, Baja California, 107 Ancash, Peru, earthquake of 1946 M 6.3 to 6.9, 201 Aguilera, J., vii, 79, 138, 189 Ancón fault, Venezuela, 166 Airy, G. B., 335 Andaman Sea spreading center, 454 Aitken, T., 161 Anderson, H., 490 Akwapim, Ghana, fault zone, 235 Anderson, J. G., 117 Akyüz, H. S., 287 Anderson, R. E., 128 Al Gaddaheya, Libya, earthquake of 1935 M 7.1, 236 Andreani, L., 147, 159, 186

Al Hoceima, Morocco, earthquake of 1994 Mw 6.0, 244 Andreanof, Aleutians, earthquake of 1957 Mw 8.7, 30, 31 Al Hoceima, Morocco, earthquake of 2004 Mw 6.4, 244 Anegada Passage graben, 153 Alaniz-Álvarez, S. A., 148, 182 Anjar, India, earthquake of 1956 Mw 6.1, 338 Alaska Peninsula earthquake of 1938 Mw 8.2, 31 Ansei, Japan, earthquakes of 1854, 395 Albertine Rift, Africa, 228 Antarctica Plate, 192, 218 Alborz Mountains, Iran, 308, 309, 311, 313, 314 antecedent stream, 15 Aleutian fault zone, 401, 402 Anti-Lebanon Range, 294, 301 Aleutian subduction zone, 22, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32, 34, 76, Antofagasta, Chile, subduction-zone earthquake of 77, 401 1995, 209 Aleutian trench, 26 Anza seismic gap, San Jacinto fault, California, 103, Algeciras fault, Colombia, 196, 198 142 Al Ghab Basin, Syria, 294, 304 Aoki, Y., 428 Al-Heety, E. A., 236 Apel, E., 341 Ali, S. Y., 151 Apennines, 244, 246, 248

Allah Bund, India, earthquake of 1819 Mw ≥ 7.5, 336, Appelgate, T. B., 259 337, 390 Apsheron Sill, Caspian Sea, 311 Allen, C. R., 82, 100, 103, 360–362, 450, 451, 470 Apulia, 271, 277 Allen, M. B., 311 Apulian platform, 244, 249 600

601 Index

Araba fault, Dead Sea Transform, 297 Banda Arc, Indonesia, 326, 466 Arabasz, W., 207 Baranowski, J., 348 Arabia Plate, 225, 227, 263, 294 Barazangi, M., 190 Argus, D. F., 85, 89, 92, 94, 96, 115, 121, 124, 140 Barbados accretionary prism, 159, 161, 163 Arica Bight, Perú–Chile, 191, 203, 206, 207 Barckhausen, U., 170 Arima–Takatsugi Tectonic Line, Japan, 430 Bari Gad fault, 359 Armijo, R., 207–209, 214, 222, 272, 273, 280, 289, Barka, A., 279, 285–290, 307, 321 354, 356, 357, 359 Barnes, G. L., 397 Arpat, E., 292 Barnes, P.M., 486, 488, 489 Arrowsmith, R., 96, 98 Barracuda, Tiburón, ridge, 163

Arthur’s Pass, New Zealand, earthquake of 1929 Ms Barrientos, S. E., 135, 214 7.0, 486 Basel, Switzerland earthquake of 1356 Mw 6.9, 251 Arvin–Tehachapi (Kern County), California, Basin and Range normal-fault province, U. S., Mexico,

earthquake of 1952 Mw 7.3, 118 79, 125, 130–135, 179 Asal Rift, 233 Basin-and-Range horst-and-graben topography, aseismic front, 407 Guatemala–Honduras, 158 Ashi, J., 416 Bastías, H. E., 211 Ashkabad, Turkmenistan, earthquake of 1948 Bautista, B. C., 468

Ms 7.2, 311 Bawden, G. W., 119, 140 Assaluyeh trend, Iran, 320 Beanland, S., 125, 491 Assam earthquake of 1950 M 8.4, 353, 354 Beck, J. L., 139 Assumpção, M., 219, 257 Becker, A., 251 Atacama fault, Chile, 207, 208, 209 Beijing faults, 377 Atakan, K., 290, 321 Bell, J. W., 125, 128, 132 Atera fault, 434 Bell, R. E., 273

Athens earthquake of 1999 Mw 5.9, 277, 323–324 Bellahsen, N., 233 Atrato–Uraba fault, 167, 170 Bellier, O., 201, 454, 456, 472

Atushi, Xinjiang, earthquake of 1902 Ms 8.3, 382 Ben-Avraham, Z., 294, 300 Atwater, B. F., 45, 51, 54, 60, 216, 217 Bendick, R., 335, 366 Atwater, T., 19, 23, 84, 117 Benedetti, L. C., 246 Audemard, F. A., 164, 166 Benetatos, C., 249 Aung, T. T., 344, 392 Bengal fan, 457 Aurelio, M. A., 470 Benham Rise, 469 Avagyan, A., 307 Benioff, H., 397 Avezzano (Fucino), Italy, normal-fault earthquake of Ben-Menahem, A., 298–301, 303, 306, 322 1915 of M 7.0, 248 Bennett, R. A., 249 Avouac, J.-P., 381, 384, 449 Bentor, Y.K., 300

Awatere fault earthquake of 1848 of Mw 7.5, 486 Berberian, M., 309–320, 327 Awatere fault, New Zealand, 486 Berger, A. L., 29 Azores Oblique Spreading Center, 237 Bering Microplate, 25, 37 Azores triple junction, 225, 237, 238, 260 Bernard, P., 161, 163 Beroza, G. C., 416 Babb, S., 166 Berryman, K. R., 483–486, 489, 490 Baby, P., 204, 210 Besana, G. M., 469 Badawi, A., 234 Betic Cordillera, Spain, 241, 242 Bafﬁn Bay, Canada, earthquake 1933 M 7.3, 72 Beyer, L. A., 114 Bahama carbonate platform, 147, 150, 184 Bezerra, F. H.R., 220, 219 Baikal Rift, 138, 385, 387–389, 399 Bezzeghoud, M., 244

Muya earthquake of 1957 M 7.8, 389 Bhuj, India, earthquake of 2001 Mw 7.6, 337, Tsagan earthquake of 1862 M ~ 7, 389 338, 389

Baja California and Gulf of California, 116–118 Biak earthquake of 1996 Mw 8, 473 Baker, D. M., 348, 350, 351 Biasi, G. P., 98, 142 Bakun, W. H., 58, 67, 68, 94 Big Bear, California, left-lateral strike-slip earthquake

Balakot–Bagh fault, Pakistan, 352, 353 of 1992 Mw 6.2, 123 Baljinnyam, I., 385, 387 Big Pine fault, California, 110, 120 Balkhan Sill, Caspian Sea, 311 Biggs, J., 230

Bam, Iran, earthquake of 2003 Mw 6.6, 317, 327 Bilek, S. L., 454

602 Index

Bilham, R., 327, 329, 332, 334, 337, 338, 354, 390 Bucaramanga Nest, Colombia, 166 Bilila–Mtakataka, Malawi, normal fault, 230 Bucaramanga slab, 194

Bingöl, Turkey, earthquake of 1971 Ms 6.9, 291, 292 Bucharest, Romania, earthquake of 1977 M 7.2, 267 Bird, P., 457 Bucknam, R. C., 60 Birkeland, P.W., 16 Bufe, C. G., 139 Bischke, R. E., 468, 470 Bull, W. B., 489 Bitlis Suture, 225, 263, 318 Bulnay, Mongolia, earthquake of 1905 M 8.2, 386 Bjarnason, I. T., 258 Burbank, D. W., 15 Bjorklund, T., 104, 105, 144 Burkart, B., 158 Blackwell, D. D., 57 Burke, K., 146, 154, 155, 236 Blakely, R. J., 57, 60 Burrato, P., 251 Blisniuk, K., 103 Buwalda, J. P., 118 Blizzard Creek, Alaska, volcanic center, 29, 77 Büyük Menderes graben, Turkey, 277 Blue Cut fault, California, 121 Byrne, D. E., 332–334 Blue Mountains, Jamaica, restraining bend, 154

Bo’in Zahra, Iran, earthquake of 1962 Mw 7.0, 313 Cabrera, J., 205 Boatwright, J., 87 Cadet, J. P., 399 Boconó fault, Venezuela, 96, 148, 164–167 Cajamarca deﬂection, 201 Bodin, P., 338 Cakir, Z., 244 body waves and surface waves, 6 Calabria, Italy earthquakes of 1638 M 6.6 – 6.8, 247 Bogd fault, Mongolia, 386, 387 Calabria, Italy, earthquake of 1783, 247 Bohoyo, F., 193, 217 Calabrian subduction zone, 239, 244, 265, 325 Bollinger, G. A., 66, 70, 71 Calais, E., 70, 150, 156, 188, 229, 378 Bolt, B. A., 8, 139 Calaveras fault, California, 86, 92, 94

Bolu–Gerede, Turkey, earthquake of 1994 Ms 7.3, 285 Çalderan, Turkey, earthquake of 1976 M 7.3, 309 Bonilla, M. G., 443 California Continental Borderland, 98, 103, 107, 118 bookshelf tectonics, 26, 39, 76, 499 Camacho, E., 146, 169, 184

Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake of 1983 Mw 6.9, 125, 135 Camelbeeck, T., 253 Borissoff, B. A., 310 Caminade, J.-P., 479 Borjomi–Kazbeg fault, Caucasus, 307, 309 Camino de Cruces offset, Panamá, 169

Borrego Mountain, California, earthquake of 1968 Campania–Lucania, Italy, earthquake of 1980 Ms Mw 6.5, 102 6.9, 248 Boschi, E., 248 Campbell, N. D., 64 Boso Peninsula, Japan, 426 Canal de Ballenas transform fault, Gulf of California, 117 Botros, M., 47 Cannon, E. C., 497 Bourmerdes–Zemmouri, Algeria, earthquake of 2003 Canora, C., 174, 184

Mw 6.8, 243 Cape Ann, Massachusetts, earthquake of 1755 M Bowers Ridge, 25 5.9–6.0, 71 Brankman, C. M., 107, 144 Cape Ashizuri marine terraces, Japan, 419 Branner, J. C., 80, 220 Cape Mendocino, California, earthquake of 1992, 50, Braunmiller, J., 42, 47, 58, 75, 133, 323 54, 64 Brawley seismic zone, California, 83, 101, 116 Cape St. James, Canada, earthquake of 1970 M 7, 42 Brawley spreading center, California, 96, 103, 117 Caribbean Large Igneous Province, 146, 194, 221, 221 Breen, N. A., 466 Carmel, Israel, fault, 294, 305 Bresse graben, France, 252, 253 Carnaubais fault, Brazil, 220 Briggs, R. W., 454, 461 Carnegie Ridge, 192, 196, 197, 199, 221 brittle–ductile transition, 2, 11 Caroline Plate, 473 Brocher, T. M., 60 Carpathian Mountains, 263–267, 326 Brogan, G. E., 125, 127, 128 Carpathians Arc, 325 Brookings, Oregon, earthquake of 1873 M 7.3, 57 Carrapa, B., 222 Brooks, B. A., 214 Carrizo Plain, California, paleoseismic site, 99 Brown, R. D., 86, 174 Carver, G., 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 34, 39, 54, 64, 65, 77, 427 Brückl, E., 251 Cascadia accretionary wedge, 49

Brudzinski, M. R., 55, 55, 75, 181 Cascadia earthquake of 1700 Mw = 9, 32, 52 Bruhn, R. L., 35 Cascadia subduction zone, 19, 22, 45, 46, 56, 56, 77, Brune, J. N., 256 83, 86, 87, 130, 143, 216 Bruns, T. R., 26 Caskey, S. J., 132

603 Index

Cassidy J. F., 59 Chilean subduction zone, 78 Castillo, D. A., 85, 143 Chillán, Chile, earthquake of 1939 M 7.8, 216 Castle Mountain fault, 35, 36, 37 China Earthquake Administration, 330 Castro, R. R., 117 Chingual-La Soﬁa fault, Ecuador, 198, 214 Caucasus region, 306–310 Chino fault, California, 104, 105

Caucete, Argentina, earthquake of 1977 Ms 7.4, 210 Chirpan, Bulgaria earthquake of 1928 Ms 6.8, 280 Cayman spreading center, 154 Chixoy-Polochic fault, Guatemala, 148, 158, 167, 176 Cayman Trough, 149 Chlieh, M., 206, 209, 454

Cedar Mountain, Nevada, earthquake of 1932 Mw 7.2, Chocó Block, Colombia, 165, 198 126, 128, 132 Chon–Kemin, Kyrgyzstan, earthquake of 1911 Central America subduction zone, 78, 177 M 8.2, 382 Central American forearc sliver, 174 Chorowicz, J., 230 Central American volcanic depression, 173, 184, 187 Chortís Block, Honduras, 176, 177 Central Java fault, 464 Christchurch, New Zealand, aftershock of

Central Kamchatka Depression, 403 2011 Mw 6.3, 488 Central Nevada seismic belt, 128, 132 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquake of

central Virginia earthquake 2011 Mw 5.8, 71 2010, Mw 7.1, 488, 493, 500 Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, 439 Christeson, G. L., 28, 50 Centro de Investigación Cientíﬁca y de Educación Chugach–St. Elias thrust system, Alaska, 27, 28, 29, 42 Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, 105, 189 Cibao Valley, Dominican Republic, 152 Cerro Goden, Puerto Rico, fault, 154 Cifelli, F., 246 Cerro Prieto, 116 Cifuentes, L. L., 216

Cerro Prieto, México, earthquake of 1934 Mw 7, 116, Cimandiri fault, Java, 462, 464 117 Çınarcık and Central pull-apart basins, Sea of Marmara, Chaimov, T. A., 302, 303 Turkey, 289

Chaman earthquake of 2005 Mw 5.0 with fault Cinchona, Costa Rica, earthquake of 2009 M 6.1, creep, 341 170, 187 Chaman fault, 339–342, 378, 379, 380, 391 Cipar, J., 377 Chaman fault, Afghanistan–Pakistan, earthquake of Clamshell–Sawpit fault, California, 108

1892 Ms 6.5, 339 Clarence fault, New Zealand, 486 Chamelecón fault, Honduras, 157, 158, 176 Clark, D., 496, 497

Chamoli, India, earthquake of 1999 Mw 6.4, 352 Clark, M. M., 139, 141 Chang Ma, China, earthquake of 1932 Mw 7.6, 366 Clarke, S. H., 64 Channell, J. E.T., 249 Cluff, L., 22

Chapman, J. B., 27, 28, 54, 56 Coalinga, California, earthquake of 1983 Mw 6.5, 94, Chapman, J. S., 51 95, 110 Chapman, R. H., 109 Coates,170 Chappell, J., 476 Cocos aseismic ridge, 170, 185 characteristic earthquake, 95, 141 Cocos Plate, 19, 20, 147, 148, 167–169, 170, 173, 177, Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886 179, 447

Ms 7.3 to 7.7, 70, 71 Cocos Ridge, 170, 221 Charlevoix, Québec seismic zone, 71 Colima graben, Mexico, 181–183 Chatham Strait, Alaska, fault, 43 Collins, L. S., 170 Chatzipetros, A., 275 collision volcanism, 308 Chaytor, J. D., 47, 84 Colmenares, L., 195

Chelungpu fault, Taiwan 443, 444, 445 Colombia–Ecuador superquake of 1906 Mw 8.8, 196, Chen, Q. F., 329, 330 200, 223 Chen, W.-S., 443, 445 compressional (P) and shear (S) waves, 6 Cheraw, Colorado, fault, 73 Compton–Los Alamitos blind reverse fault, Los Cherkaoui, T. E., 243 Angeles, California, 106, Chester, D. K., 240 111, 144 Chevalier, M.-L., 360 Concord-Green Valley fault, 94 Chhibber, H. L., 345 Condie, K. C., 3

Chi Chi, Taiwan, earthquake of 1999 Mw7.6, 364, 438, Cong, D. C., 452 444, 445 Connector fault, Alaska, 43 Chile Rise spreading center, 190, 200, 217 Constitución seismic gap, Chile, 216 Chile triple junction, 215, 217 Cooper, A. K., 25

604 Index

Copley, A., 268, 278, 306, 309 Delcaillau, B., 444 Cordillera Blanca, Perú, 39, 200, 201, 221, 223 Delouis, B., 206–209 Cormier, V.F., 31 DeMets, C., 47, 84, 146, 148–150, 155, 159, 163, 170, Cortés, J. M., 210 177, 218, 341, 351, 473

Corti, G., 184 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake of 2002 of Mw 7, 39 coseismic turbidites, 18 dendrochronology, 12 Costa, C. H., 207, 210, 211, 213, 219 Deng, Q., 372, 383 Cotabato trench, Philippines, 470 Dengler, L., 83 Cotte, N., 181 dePolo, C. M., 128, 132, 135 Coulomb Failure Function, 88, 123, 184, 286, 435 Dérerová, J., 266 Courtillot, V., 232, 233 Desert Hot Springs, California, earthquake of 1948 M Cowan, H., 173–176, 486–488 6, 100 Cowgill, E., 366 Déverchère, J., 389 Creager K., 57 Dewey, J. F., 190, 191 critical facility, vii, 142, 445 Dewey, J. W., 342 Crone, A. J., 39, 73, 135, 493, 497 Diament, M., 454 Crook, R., 108 Dibblee, T. W., 80 Crosson, R. S., 25, 57 Dibra, Albania, earthquake of 1967, 278 Crowell, J. C., 114, 121 Diederix, H., 198 Csontos, C., 267 Dien Bien Phu fault, Vietnam, 450, 453

Cucamonga, California, fault, 104, 108 Digdig, Philippines, earthquake of 1991 Mw 7.7, Cummins, P. R., 345, 393 466, 467 Cunningham, W. D., 387 Dikshit, A. M., 357 Curray, J. R., 86, 344, 346, 454, 456 Dimitrov, D., 279 Cutten, H. N.C., 489 Dinarides, 249, 268, 271 Cuzco, Perú, earthquake of 1986, 205 DiPietro, J. A., 350 fault system, 205, 223 Dixon, T. H., 118, 120, 146 Cyprian subduction zone, 239, 263, 281–284, Doig, R., 71 293, 325 Dolan, J. F., 106, 108, 109, 124, 141, 147, 150, Cyrene, Libya earthquake of AD 262 and 385, 459 151, 184 Dolores–Guayaquil Megashear, Ecuador, 193, 194, D’Agostino, N., 246, 248, 325 196, 197, 199 d’Alessio, M. A., 92, 94 Dorbath, L., 200, 206

Daëron, M., 302, 305 Dorud, Iran, earthquake of 1909 Ms 7.4, 320 Dair, L., 100, 101, 103 Doser, D. I., 36, 39, 94, 128, 133, 138, 151, 153, Damghan, Iran, earthquake of 856 M 7.9, 314 201, 389 Damxung, Tibet, earthquake of 1951 M 8, 357 double seismic zone, 408 Darby, D., 482 double-couple fault-plane assumption, 7 Darwin, C., 216, 223 Dow, D. B., 473

Dasht-e-Bayaz, Iran, earthquake of 1968 Ms 7.4, 318 Dragert, H., 34, 55 Dauki fault, Bangladesh, 354 Drumm, P. L., 109 Davenport, C. A., 256 Duanvale fault, Jamaica, 154, 155 Davies, J. N., 30 Duke River, Alaska, reverse fault, 43 Davis, G. A., 120, 186 dun valley, 348 Davis, G. H., 5 Duquesnoy, T., 471 Davis, T. L., 110, 111 Durá-Gómez, L., 70 de Dolomieu, D. G., 247 DuRoss, C. B., 133, 135, 142 Dead Sea Formation, 297, 298 Duvall, A. R., 369

Dead Sea transform fault, 225, 227, 263, 264, 281, 283, Düzce,Turkey, earthquake of 1999 Mw 7.1, 287 291, 292, 293–306, 322 Dyke, A. S., 74 Dead Sea, Palestine, transform fault earthquake dynamic overshoot, 407

of 1202 Ml of 7.5, 301 Death Valley fault, California, 119, 120, 125, 126 Early Byzantine Tectonic Paroxysm, 271 Death Valley–Furnace Creek–Fish Lake Valley fault, Earth Consultants International, 169 California, 126, 127 Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program, 324 Decriem, J., 257, 258 Earthquake Research Institute of the Imperial deglaciation seismotectonics, 260 University of Tokyo, 395, 438

605 Index

earthquake time bomb, xii Everest, G., 335 East Africa Plateau, 226 Excelsior Mountain, Nevada, earthquake of 1934 M East African Rift System, 138, 225, 226, 229, 253 6.3, 128, 132 East Anatolian fault, Turkey, 263, 268, 281, 282, Explorer Plate, 41, 42, 47, 56, 59, 75 291–293, 305 Eyidogan, H., 323 East Azores and Gloria transform faults, 237 East Luzon Trough, 467, 468 faceted spurs, 15 East Montebello fault, 105 Fairbanks, Alaska, seismic zone, 39 East Paciﬁc Rise, 20, 117, 178, 179 Fairhead, J. D., 231 East Panamá Deformed Belt, 170 Fairview Peak (M 7.2) and Dixie Valley (M 6.9) East Sangihe trench, Indonesia, 472 earthquakes, Nevada, 132 Eastern California shear zone, 99, 119–124, Fairweather fault, Alaska 132, 141 Fan, C., 378, 379

Eastern Carpathians, 264, 265 Fandoqa, Iran, earthquake of 1998 Mw 6.6, 317 Eastern Makran, Pakistan, earthquake of 1945 Mw 8.1, Farallon Plate, 19, 20, 47, 117 vii, 333 Farías, M., 207 Eastern Rift, Africa, 226, 227, 229 Fat Hog Quarters fault, Jamaica, 154 Ebel, J. E., 71 fault ribbons, 273 Eberhart-Phillips, D., 30, 39 faulting in Scotland, 256 Echavarría, L., 210 Faure, M., 375 Edgecumbe, New Zealand, earthquake of 1987 Favali, P., 251

Ms 6.6, 483 Feldbiss fault system, Belgium, 253 Egion, Greece, earthquake of 1861, 572 Feldl, N., 351, 355

Egion, Greece, earthquake of 1995 Ms 6.5, 275 Feng, X., 383 Eglinton fault, Las Vegas, Nevada, 128 Fenton, C. H., 449, 452, 453 Egüez, A., 197, 201 Ferranti, L., 128 Einarsson, P., 258 Ferry, M., 264, 300, 322 Eissler, H. K., 178, 180, 181 Feuillet, N., 146, 159, 162, 163, 186

El Asnam, Algeria, earthquake of 1980 Ms 7.3, 243 Fillerup, M. A., 267 El Chichón volcano, Mexico, 167 Fischer, P.J., 106 El Gordo graben, Mexico, 181 Fisher, M. A., 109, 478 El Pilar fault, Venezuela, 148, 166 Fisk, M. R., 84 El Salvador earthquake of 2001, 187 fissure swarms, 257 El Soldado fault, Trinidad, 166 Fitch, T. S., 498 El Tigre fault, Argentina, 211 flat-slab subduction, 29, 36, 172, 185, 190, 193, 200, elastic rebound theory, 80 212, 221, 447 Elders, W. A., 116, 117 Fleming, S. W., 50 Ellenblum, R., 301, 302, 322 Fletcher, H. J., 28, 45 Elsinore fault, California, 103, 105 Fletcher, J. M., 105, 138 Elysian Park anticlinorium, California, 111 floating earthquake source, 500 Enriquillo fault, Haiti, earthquakes of 1751 M 7.5 and Florensov, N. A., 386 1770 M 7.5, 155 Flores thrust, Indonesia, 184, 466

Entiat, Washington, earthquake of 1872 Ml 6.8, 58 Fonseca, J. D., 239 Eocambrian Hormoz Formation, Iran, 321 Forslund, T., 257 episodic tremor and slip, 55, 56 Forsyth, D. W., 77

Eratosthenes Seamount, 282–284 Fort Tejon, California, earthquake of 1857 Mw 7.9, Erbaa–Niksar, Turkey, earthquake of 1942 Ms 81, 94, 96, 98 7.1, 285 Fossen, H., 5 Erimo Seamount, Japan, 399 Foster, A. N., 226, 230

Erzincan, Turkey, earthquake of 1939 Ms 7.9, 284, 285, Fournier, M., 413, 435, 437 287, 288 Franco, A., 176 Escalona, A., 167 Frankel, A., 68, 70, 390 escape tectonics, 356 Fredrich, J., 494 Espinosa, A. F., 158 Freeman, S. T., 106 Ethiopian Rift System, 231, 232 Freymueller, J. T., 22, 23, 25, 31, 32, 36–38, Eureka, California, earthquake of 1980 M 7.4, 57 42, 43

European Rift System, 252 Friuli, Italy, earthquake of 1976 Ms 6.5, 251

606 Index

Fuegian triple junction, South America, 217, 218 Gobi–Altay, Mongolia, earthquake of 1957 M 8.3, Fuis, G. S., 28, 30 385, 386 Fukaya fault, Japan, 426 Godfrey, N. J., 84 Fundación Venezolana de Investigaciones Goedhart, M. L., 236 Sismológicas (FUNVISIS), Venezuela 189 Goldﬁnger, C., 18, 48, 49, 53, 76, 87, 88, 143, 322 Funk, J., 170–174 Goldsworthy, M., 277, 278, 281, 324 Furlong, K. P., 86 Gomberg, J., 55, 56, 59 Furuya, M., 341 Gomez, F., 294, 302, 303 Fu-yun, Xinjiang, earthquake of 1931 M 8, 385 Gómez, J. M., 472 Gonâve Microplate, 148–150, 154, 155 Gahalaut, V.K., 337, 338 Gorda Escarpment, 84 Galápagos hot spot, 170 Gorda Plate, 47, 56, 57, 81, 83, 85 Galgana, G., 469, 470 Gorda Plate earthquake of 2005 M 7.2, 57 Galli, P., 247 Gordon, F. R., 493–495 Ganas, A., 324 Gordon, M. B., 173, 176, 177 Ganges–Bengal fault, 339 Gorney, D., 164

Ganos, Turkey, earthquake of 1912 Ms 7.3, 289 Gorringe Bank, earthquake of 1969 Ms 6.9, 239 Gansser, A., 346 Gouin, P., 231, 233 Gaotai, China, earthquake of A. D.180 M 7.5, 367 Grand Banks, Canada, earthquake of 1929 M 7.2, Gardez fault, Afghanistan, 339 52, 71 Garlock fault, California, 119–121, 124, 125, 127, 140, Grant Ludwig, L., 81, 99 141, 186 Great Arc of the Caribbean, 146, 164 Garnet Hill fault, 100, 121 Great Caucasus thrust, 310 Garzione, C. N., 222 Great Ka’u, Hawaii, earthquake of 1868 M 7.9, 497 Gastil, R. G., 117 Great Trigonometrical Survey, 335, 354 Gath, E. M., 105 Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, 372 Gawthrop, W., 115 Greater Caucasus, 306–309 Ge, S., 365, 366 earthquakes, 310 Gediz graben, Turkey, 277 Greendale fault, New Zealand, 488 Gediz, Turkey, earthquakes of 1969 M 6.5 and 1970 M Greenville fault, California, 94 7.1, 323 Grenerczy, G., 267 Geist, E. L., 26, 76 Griesbach, C. L., 339 Geller, R. J., 395 Grimison, W. L., 239 Genroku, Japan, earthquake of 1703, 425 Grimmer, J. C., 375 geodesy, near-ﬁeld, 9 Grindlay, N. R., 151 geodesy, space, 9 Griscom, A., 86 geodesy, terrestrial, 9 Guantánamo, Cuba, earthquake hazard, 188 Geoslicer, 17, 432 Guayape fault, Honduras, 176, 177 Gephart, J. W., 206, 207 Gudmundsson, A., 257 Geschwind, C.-H., 21, 81 Guerrero seismic gap, Mexico, 180, 181 Ghazaband fault, Pakistan, 339, 341 Guillaume, B., 246

Ghose, S., 382 Gulang, China earthquake of 1927 Ms 8–8.3, 367 Giardini, D., 244 Gulf of Aden propagator, 233, 234 Gibraltar subduction zone, 239, 325, 326 Gulf of Aden spreading center, 294

Gilbert, G. K., vii, 21, 79, 131, 133 Gulf of Alaska earthquake of 1964 Mw 9.2, 22, 31, 32, Gilder, S. A., 375 34, 57, 76, 217

Gilluly, J., 106, 144 Gulf of Cadiz earthquake of 1969 Mw 7.9, 241 Giménez, J., 241 Gulf of California, 116, 117 Gîrbacea, R., 265–267 Gulf of Corinth, Greece, earthquakes of 1981, 275–276, Glavcheva, R., 280 323

Glen Ivy Marsh, California, paleoseismic site, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, earthquake of 1969 Ms 6.8, 294 104, 105 Gulick, S. P.S., 28, 47 Global Earthquake Model (GEM), xi Gupta, H., 335, 345, 352, 393, 494 Global Positioning System (GPS), 9 Gusman, A. K., 464

Gloria fault earthquake of 1941 Ms 8.3, 239 Gutenberg–Richter recurrence relationship, 141, 322 Gloria transform fault, 237 Gutscher, M.-A., 190–193, 200, 223, Gnibidenko, H., 401 240, 241

607 Index

Guzmán, C., 213 Hibsch, C., 199 Guzmán-Speziale, M., 158, 159, 176, 186 High Zagros thrust, Iran, 319, 320 Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand, 482–483, Haeussler, P.J., 23, 28, 29, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 43 489, 493

Haicheng, China, earthquake of 1975 Ms 7.3, 330, Hill, K. C., 477 376, 377 Hill, M. L., 81, 110, 120, 140, 143 Haines, A. J., 483 Hillhouse, J. W., 26

Haiyuan earthquake of 1920 Ml 7.8, 367, 370, 394 Hillis, R. R., 495 Haiyuan fault, 364, 367–370, 394 Himalaya, 346–355 Hall, C. A., 115 Assam syntaxis, 357 Hall, R., 449, 458, 465, 469, 476, 479 Hazara–Kashmir syntaxis, 349 Hamiel, Y., 322 Indus Syntaxis, 349 Hamilton, R. M., 67 Himalaya–Bengal strike-slip fault, 360 Hamilton, W., 448, 453, 464, 466, 472, 477 Himalayan Front earthquakes of 1100 and 1505 M>8, Hammond, W. C., 132 355, 390 Hancock, P.L., 277 Himalayan Front thrust, 347, 355, 357 hanging wall and footwall, 4 Hindu Kush, 378–379 Hanks, T. C., 128 Hino, R., 407 Hanning and Patton Bay, Alaska, faults of 1964, 32 Hinz N. H., 129, 130 Hansel Valley, Utah, earthquake of 1934, M 6.6, 133 Hippolyte, J.-C., 153, 265 Harding, T. P., 106, 144 Hirono, T., 418 Harghita Mountains volcanics, Romania, 265 Hirose, F., 416 Harlan S. S., 138 Hispaniola Microplate, 148, 153 Harms, J. C., 332 Hla Maung, P., 346, 456 Harrison, R. W., 284 Ho’ei, Japan, earthquake of 1707, 420 Hasegawa, A., 406, 408 Hog Lake, California, paleoseismic site, 103, 142 Hatzfeld, D., 279 Hokkaido subduction zone earthquake of seventeenth Haugerud, R. A., 61 century

Hauksson, E., 106, 108, 144 Mw >8.5, 399 Havre Trough, 481 Holcombe, T. L., 161 Hawaii–Emperor Seamount Chain, 23, 401, 497 Hollingsworth, J., 311, 313–315, 327

Hawkes Bay, New Zealand, earthquake of 1931 Ms 7.8, Hollywood fault, California, 104, 108, 109 483, 493 Holocene, 12 Hayes, G. P., 155, 156, 184 Holser fault, California, 114 Hayward–Rodgers Creek fault, 92 Hongdong, China, earthquake of 1303 M 8, 373 Haywards, California, earthquake of 1868 M 7.1, 81, Hoose, S. N., 92 89, 92 Hope fault, New Zealand, 481 Hazara–Lower Seismic Zone, 351 hotspot, 3 He, J., 375 Hough, S. E., 68 Heaton, T. H., 45, 77, 109, 462 Houseman, G., 356, 449 Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of 1959 M 7.3, Howe, T. M., 239 125, 135 Howell, D. G., 26

Hector Mine, California, earthquake of 1999 Mw 7.1, Hsinhua, Taiwan, fault earthquake of 1946 Ml 6.75, 443 123 Hsu, M-T., 438 Heinrich, P., 474 Hsu, Y,-J., 444 Heki, K., 425, 427 Huang, W., 375 Helice, Greece, earthquake of BC 373 M, 275 Huaxian, China, earthquake of 1556 M 8, 329, 331, Hellenic subduction zone, 239, 263, 269–271, 325 371, 372 Helmand (Afghan) Block, 332, 336, 339, 341 Hubert-Ferrari, A., 288–290, 293, 294, 321 Helmberger, D. V., 98, 115 Huftile, G. J., 113, 114 Hemphill-Haley, M. A., 133 Huismans, R. S., 265 Herece, E., 291 Hull, A. G., 483 Heron, A., 342 Hummon, C., 109 Hervé, F., 207, 214 Hunter fracture zone, 479, 481 Hessami, K., 310 Hunting Survey Corporation, 332, 339 Hetao graben, China, 372 Huoshan fault, China, 374 Hexi Corridor, China, 366–367 Hurukawa, N., 345, 392

608 Index

Huslia, Alaska, earthquake of 1958 M 7.3, 40 İzmit, Turkey, earthquake of 1999 Mw 7.4, 287, Hussain, A., 320, 347, 349, 350, 352, 353 289, 321 Huzita,K., viii Izu collision zone, 417, 423–428 Hyndman, R. D., 55 Izu Peninsula, 416, 424 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe), Japan earthquake Izu–Bonin volcanic arc, 399, 423 of 1995, 430, 433 hypocenter and epicenter, 5 Jackson, J. A., 230, 275, 294, 306–308, 310, 314, 317, 319, 320, 323, 326, 327 Iberia Plate., 241 Jackson, M. D., 498 Ide, S., 406, 407, 499 Jacobi, R. D., 256 Idozawa, Japan, fault of 2011 M 0.8–1.8, 407 Jacoby, G. C., 52 Ikeda, M., 428, 429 Jadoon, I. A.K., 342 Ikeda, Y., 405, 409, 410, 412, 414 Jagor, F., 471

Ilan Plain, Taiwan, 436, 441 Jalapa, México, earthquake of 1920 Ms 6.2, 183 Imamura, A., 396, 432, 446 Jalisco Block, México, 147, 178

Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee, 395 Jalisco, México, earthquake of 1932 Ms 8.2, 181, 183 Imperial fault, 96, 97, 101, 102, 116, 117 Jansma, P.E., 152, 153

Imperial fault earthquake of 1940 Mw 6.9, 117 Japan Meteorological Agency, 397 Imperial fault earthquake of 1979 Mw 6.4, 117 Japanese catalog of earthquakes in 900 AD, 395 in situ stress, 10 Jaswal, T. M., 348, 350

Inangahua earthquake of 1968 Ms 7.4, 490 Java earthquake of 2006 Ms 7.2, 464 Inca Plateau, 191, 192 Java subduction zone, 499 INDEPTH experiment, 356 Jennings, C. W., 105–107 India Plate, 334 Jericho Indian Shield, 335–339 destruction of, 298, 299

Indus–Kohistan seismic zone, 348, 350, 352 Jericho earthquake 1927 Ml 6.3, 299 Indus–Tsangpo suture zone, 347 Jericho fault, 297, 299 InSAR, 10 Jhar fault, Syria, 303 intensity, 8 Jiali fault, Tibet, 359, 360 Inter-Andean Depression, 197, 199 Jiang, W., 377 Intermountain Seismic Belt, 134 Jibson, R. W., 310 International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction Jiménez-Munt, I., 271 (IDNDR), ix Jing L.-Z., 369, 370 International Geological Correlation Programme João Câmara, Brazil, earthquake swarm of 1986, 220 (IGCP) Project, viii Jocotán fault, Honduras–Guatemala, 157, 158, International Lithosphere Program (ILP), ix 173, 176 Ipak, Iran, reverse fault, 313 Jogan, Japan, earthquake and tsunami of A. D. Iranian Institute of Earthquake Engineering and 869, 407 Seismology, 313 Johnson, C. E., 117 Irpinia normal fault, Italy, 248 Johnson, J. M., 31 Ishibashi, K., 395, 424–426 Johnston, A. C., 67, 260, 390 Ishibe, T., 399, 421 Johnston, C. R., 466 Ishikawa, Y., 411 Jolivet, L., 242, 243, 267, 270 Ishiyama, T., 407, 430 Jones, L. M., 108 İsmetpaşa, Turkey, creeping zone, 285 Jonge, M. R., 271 Israel continental margin, 305 Jordan fault, 300, 301 Israel tsunamis, 306 Jordan, T. E., 209, 210

İstanbul Joshua Tree, California, earthquake of 1992 Mw 6.1, earthquake forecast, 321–322 122 seismic gap, 321 Juan de Fuca Plate, 19, 47, 50, 75 Istituto Nazionale di Geoﬁsica e Volcanologia, 248 Juan Fernández Ridge, 200 Ito, A., 406, 407, 499 Junner, N. R., 235 Itoh, Y., 432

Itoigawa–Shizuoka Tectonic Line, Japan, 399, 411–415 Kabul earthquake, Afghanistan, of 1505 Ms 7.3, Iwate–Miyagi–Nairiku, Japan earthquake of 2008 Mw 341, 391 6.9, 408 Kachhi, Pakistan, earthquake of 1909 Ms 7.1, 342 Iyengar, R. N., 355, 391 Kadinsky-Cade, K., 210

609 Index

Kahle, H. S., 278 Kingston, Jamaica, earthquakes of 1692 and Kahle, J. E., 102, 114 1907, 188 Kalamata, Greece, earthquake of 1986, 273 Kinlock Hourn fault, Scotland, 257 Kalapana, Hawaii, earthquake of 1975 M 7.2, 497 Kinugasa, Y., 408, 428 Kaltag, Alaska, fault, 40 Kirby, E., 362, 364

Kamchatka fault , 402 Klamath Falls, Oregon, earthquake of 1993 Mw 6, 133 Kamchatka Peninsula, 23, 401–403 Klepeis, K., 219, 219 Kamchatka superquake of 1952 Mw 9, 223, 400 Kley, H., 209, 210, 211 Kanamori, H., 196, 464 Klinger, Y., 296, 362–364

Kanbun, Japan, earthquake 1662 Mj 7.3–7.6, 432 Knapp, C. C., 311 Kaneda, H., 349, 432, 433 Kobe, Japan, earthquake of 1995 M 6.9, viii Kangding, China, earthquake of 1786 M 7 ¾, 361 Koçiaj, S., 278 Kango fault, South Africa, 236 Kodiak Shelf, Alaska, fault zone, 34 Kangra, India, earthquake of 1905 M 7.8, 353 Kogan, M. G., 411

Kanto (Tokyo) earthquake of 1923 Mw 7.9, 425, 426 Kokkalas, S., 268, 271, 276 Kao, H., 55, 58 Kokoxili, Tibet, earthquake of 2001 Mw 7.8, 362, 365 Kappel, E. S., 259 Kolarsky, R. A., 168–170 Kara Kore–Wollo, Ethopia, earthquake sequence of Kolbeinsey Ridge, Iceland, 257 1961, 231 Koli, Iran, earthquake of 1979 M 7.1, 327 Karakoram fault, 357–360, 365, 366, Komandorsky Islands, Russia, 23, 26, 31, 401 379, 380 Komatsubara, T., 432 Karakoram–Jiali fault, 357 Kondo, H., 285, 287, 352, 414 Karig, D. E., 418 Kopeh Dagh fault, Turkmenistan, 263, 311 Karlin, R. E., 60 Kopp, H., 463 Karongo region, Malawi, earthquake of 1989, 230 Kostoglodov, V., 181

Kashmir earthquake of 1555 Mw 7.56, 353 Koto, B., vii, 396, 431 Katili, J., 454 Kotzev, V., 279 Kato, A., 426 Koukouvelas, I. K., 275 Kawasumi, H., 397 Koumbia, Guinea, earthquake of 1983 M 6.3, 235 Kay, S. M., 222 Kovach, R. L., 158

Kayak Island, Alaska, structural zone, 27, 32 Koyna earthquake of 1967 Ms 6.5, 335 Kazerun, Iran, right-lateral fault, 321 Kozani–Grevena, Greece, earthquake of 1995 Mw 6.5, Kazmi, A. H., 342 279, 324 Keay, J., 335 Kozhurin, A., 401–404 Kebeasy, R., 236 Kreemer, C., 132 Kefallinia fault, Greece, 271, 277 Kuivamäki, A., 254, 255

Kefallinia, Greece, earthquake of 1953 Ms 7.2, 277 Kukowski, N., 332, 333 Keigwin, L. D., 170 Kula Plate, 23 Kelleher, J. A., 223 Kumar, S., 354, 355, 391 Keller, G., 170 Kunlun fault, Tibet, 358, 360, 362, 364, 365, 369 Kellogg, J. N., 169, 170 Kunming, China, earthquake of 1838 M 8, 361 Kelsey, H. M., 60, 85 Kürçer, A., 290

Kelson, K. I., 87 Kuril earthquake of 2006 Mw 8.1, 400 Kenya (Gregory) Rift, 226, 230, 231 Kuril subduction zone, 23, 399–405 Kepezhinskas, P., 402 Kurushin, R. A., 386

Kermadec subduction zone, 481 Kyoto, Japan, earthquake of 1596 Mj ~ 7.5, 430 Kern River fault, California, 119 Kyushu–Palau Ridge, 396, 415, 416 Ketin, I., 277, 285, 286

Khattri, K. N., 355 L’Aquila, Italy, earthquake of 2009, Mw 6.3, 248 Khil’ko, S. D., 386, 388 La Rocca, M., 55 Kilinailau trench, Solomon Islands, 478 Lacombe, O., 320, 442 Kim, H. Y., 411 LaFemina, P.C., 169, 170, 172, 174 Kimura, G., 401, 411 Lagerbäck, R., 73, 254–256, 260 Kimura, H., 408 Laguna de Bay, Philippines, fault system, 471 Kinabo, B. D., 231 Laguna Salada, Baja California, earthquake of 1892

King Range terrane, California, 87, 143 Mw 7.2, 105, 116 King, G. C.P., 276, 323 Lahr, J., 36, 43

610 Index

Laikipia Escarpment, Kenya, 259 Little, T. A., 482

Lake Lisan, 322 Lituya Bay, Alaska, earthquake of 1958 Mw 7.8, 32, 42 Lallemand, S. E., 439, 468, 469, 472 Liu, M., 375 Lambert, J., 251 Lockwood Valley fault, California, 110 Lambton, W., 335 Lodolo, E., 219, 219

Landers, California, earthquake of 1992 Mw 7.3, 10, Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 1989, 81, 90, 91, 120, 122 145 Langbein, J., 95 failure to predict, 89

Langer, C. J., 200, 235 Lompoc earthquake of 1927 Ms 7.0, 98, 115 Langridge, R. M., 182, 485, 486 Long Beach, California, earthquake of 1933 M 6.4, Lankreijer, A., 264 106, 144 Laramide, Wyoming Rocky Mountains, 198, 210 Longitudinal Valley fault, Taiwan, 440, 442, large igneous province (LIP), 3, 26 444, 447

Latur, India, earthquake of 1993 Mw 6.1, 336, 390 Longmen Shan, China, reverse fault, 360 Lau Basin, 481 Los Angeles fold-and-thrust belt, 110 Lavé, J., 351, 355, 390 Los Bajos fault, Trinidad, 166 Lavenu, A., 198, 199, 207–209, 216 Los Muertos Deformation Zone, Hispaniola, 147, 155, Lawrence, R. D., 339–341, 346 156, 184, 186 Lawson, A. C., 80, 86, 89, 92 Los Muertos thrust earthquake of 1751 M 8, 155 Lay, T., 454, 478 Louisville seamount chain, 481 Le Dain, A. Y., 344, 449, 452, 453 Loupekine, I. S., 229 Le Pichon, X., 270, 283, 425 Loveless, J. P., 209 Lebanon Range, 294, 301 Lower Rhine graben, 253 Lee, J.-C., 439 Lower St. Lawrence valley, Rhine, 71 LeFevre, L. V., 177 Ludwin, R. S., 62 Leitner, B., 84, 489 Lut block, 316, 318, 332, 334 Leloup, P.H., 450 Luyendyk, B. P., 111 Léogâne, Port au Prince, Haiti, earthquake of 2010 Mw Lyberis, N., 293 7.0, 144, 151, 155, 184 Lyell, C., vii, 336 Leroy, S., 149 Lynch, D. K., 101 Lesser Antilles earthquake of 1843 M 7.5–8, 161 Lyon-Caen, H., 269, 273, 274, 351 Lesser Antilles subduction zone , 150 Lesser Caucasus, 306, 307, 309 Ma, K.-F., 445 Levander, A., 146, 164, 172 Maacama and Bartlett Springs faults, California, 86, 87, Levant continental margin, 282, 283, 294, 304–306 89, 143 Levant tsunamis, 306 Maasha, N., 228, 229

Levi, S., 109, 113, 114 Mach, Pakistan, earthquake of 1931 Ms 7.3, 341, 342 Lewis, S. D., 26, 59 Machaze, Mozambique, earthquake of 2006 Mw 7, 230 Li C., 367, 369 Machette, M. N., 135, 495 Li H., 364 MacKay, M. E., 48, 49 Li Z.-X., 375 Mackenzie Mountains, Canada, 44, 45 LiDAR, 17, 60 Mad River, California, fault zone, 64 Lienkaemper, J. J., 93 Madariaga, R., 216 Lillie, R. J., 351 Madeira, J., 237 Limestone Caribbees, 161, 162, 186 Madritsch, H., 253 Limón fault, Panama, 169 Madsen, J. K., 19 Lin J., 110 Mae Ping (Papun) fault, Tierra del Fuego, 453 Lin, A., 361, 362 Maemoku, H., 419, 420 Lindh, A. G., 95 Magallanes-Fagnano fault, 217 Lindvall, S. C., 106 Maghrebid belt, 243, 244 Linfen graben, China, 374 Magnitude scales, 7 Linzer, H.-G., 264, 265 Main Boundary thrust, 347, 349, 356, 358, 378, 380 Liquiñe–Ofqui fault, Chile, 207, 215, 217, 499 Main Caucasus thrust, 268, 307, 308 Lisan Formation paleo-earthquakes, 298 Main Himalayan thrust, 348, 352 Lisbon earthquake of 1755, 239, 240, 326 Main Pamir thrust, 379 Lisowski, M., 140 Main Recent fault, Iran, 319, 320 Little Salmon fault, California, 64 Main Zagros thrust, Iran, 319

611 Index

Makran subduction zone, 76, 315, 318, 332–334, 337 McCulloh, T. H., 108 Malavielle, J., 444 McGill, S. F., 100, 120, 125, 186 Malawi (Nyasa) graben, 229 McKay, A., vii, 481 Malibu Coast fault, California, 97, 104, 109 McKenzie, D., 266 Malod, J. A., 456 McKeown, F. A., 67 Mamberambo thrust belt, New Guinea, 473, 474 McLaren, M. K., 115 Managua, Nicaragua, earthquake of 1972 M 6.2, McLaughlin, R. J., 86, 87, 143 174, 187 McNeilan, T. W., 107 Manaker, D. M., 148, 151, 152, 156, 183 McNeill, L. C., 65, 275, 280 Manas, Xinjiang, earthquake of 1906 of M 7.7, 383 McNulty, B., 201, 221 mandate from heaven, 329, 331 Meade, B. J., 101, 120, 121, 124, 125

Manighetti, I., 233 Meckering, Australia, earthquake of 1968 Ms 6.8, 493 Manila, Philippines, earthquake of 1645 Ms 7.5, 471 Median Tectonic Line, Japan, 428–430, 499 Manila trench, 439, 449, 467, 470 Meers fault, southwestern Oklahoma, 73 Manix, California, earthquake of 1947 M 6.2, 122 Meghraoui, M., 251–253, 304, 305, 322 Mann, P., 146–148, 150–152, 154–156, 168–170, 174, Meigs, A. J., 29, 43, 210, 347 187, 189 Meiji Restoration, Japan, 395 Manton, W. I., 176 Mejillones Peninsula, Chile, 209 Manus subduction zone, Papua New Guinea, 475, 478 Melbourne T., 55 Manus trench, Papua New Guinea, 478 Mellors, R. J., 382

Manyas, Turkey, earthquake of 1964 Ms 7.0, 291 Meltzner, A. J., 110, 461 Maracaibo Block, Venezuela, 148, 167 Mendocino earthquake of 1994 Mw 6.9, 83 Maracaibo slab, 194 Mendocino fracture zone, 65, 81–86, 97, 143 Marco, S., 297, 298, 301, 322 Mendocino triple junction, 83, 87, 130 Marikina Valley fault system, Philippines, 471 Mendoza, C, 196 Mariucci, M. T., 246 Menges, C. M., 137

Markansu, Pamirs, earthquake of 1974 M 7.3, 379 Mentawai, Indonesia, earthquake of 2007 Mw 8.4, 457 Marquês de Pombal, 240 Mentawai fault, 455 Marques, F. O., 241 Mentawai Sliver, Indonesia, 449 Marrett, R., 210 Mercier, J. L., 201–203, 205, 206 Martínez-Díaz, J.J, 174, 241 Mériaux, A.-S., 366 Martínez-García, P., 241, 242 Merritts, D., 51, 54 Maruyama, T., 408 Messina, Sicily, earthquake of 1908 M > 7, 246, 248 Masana, E., 241 metamorphic core complex, 323

Masbate earthquake of 2003 Ms 6.2, 470 Metro Manila hazard, 471 Mason, D. F.M., 486 Mexican subduction zone, 177–179, 181, 183 Material Boundary MTL, 428 México City liqueﬁable soils, 187 Matmon, A., 43 Meyer, B., 279, 366, 367 Matsuda, T., 415, 426–428 Michael-Leiba, M., 495 Matsuzawa, T., 408 Michaud, F., 118 Matthes, F., 86 Michelson, H., 300

Maule superquake of 2010 Mw 8.8, 446 Michetti, A. M., 248 Maule, Chile, superquake of 2010 of Mw 8.8, 54, 217 Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 2, 21, 146, 164, 190, 220, 225, Maung Thein, 452 237, 238, 257 Maurin, G. T., 345 Middle America subduction zone, 19, 83, 146, 167, 178 Maury, R. C., 159 Middleton Island, Alaska, 26, 33, 34, 57 maximum considered (credible) earthquake, 17, 323, Migowski, C., 297, 298, 322 327, 355, 370, 393, 394, 445 Millman, D. E., 104 Maymyo, Myanmar, earthquake of 1912, M 7.6–8, 452 Milne, J., 395 Mazzotti, S., 44, 45, 61, 66, 70, 75 Mina deﬂection, Nevada, 128 McCaffrey, R., 55, 58, 61, 64, 224, 454, 462, 466, Minab–Zendan, Iran, fault, 318, 332 472, 499 Mino–Owari, Japan, earthquake of 1891 M 8, 395, 435, McCalpin, J. P., 18, 133, 236, 338, 388 438 McCann, W. R., 152, 154, 155, 185, 200, 223, 223, 400 Minoura, K., 407 McClusky, S., 241, 267–269, 278, 283, 285, 287, 289, Mitchell, A. H.G., 346 321 Mitchell, B. J., 66, 67 McCrory, P.A., 50 Mitchell, C. E., 50, 54

612 Index

Mixco, Guatemala, normal fault rupture in 1976, 158 Myanmar (Rakhine) coast earthquake of 1762, 460 Mizuno, K., 428 Myanmar Earthquake Committee, 392 Moesian Platform, 268 Myers, D. J., 105, 111 Mohadjer, S., 379 Myers, W. B., 135 Moho, 1 Molnar, P., 56, 351, 353, 354, 356, 362, 367 Nábelek, J., 356 Molucca Sea Microplate, Indonesia, 472, 473 Nachiki transverse zone, Kamchatka, 404

moment magnitude scale, Mw,8 Nahanni, Canada, earthquakes of 1985 Mw 6.6, 45 Mona Passage earthquake of 1943 M 7.8, 185 Nahrin, Afghanistan, earthquake 2002 Mw 6.1, 378 Mona Passage earthquake of 1946 M 8, 185 Nakamura, K., 399 Mona Rift, 152–154, 156, 184, 186 Nakata, T., 332, 334, 339, 352, 359, 360, 429, 433, 466 MonaLisa, 342 Nanayama, F., 399 Monastero F. C., 120 Nankai accretionary prism, 57 Mondziel, S., 153, 156 Nankai forearc-basin segments, 419 Montague Island, Alaska, 32, 33 Nankai subduction zone, 56, 397, 415–423, 435, Moore, G. F., 417, 418, 460 446–447 Moores, E. M., 231 Nankaido earthquake of 1946, 420, 423 Morales low-angle thrust, California, 115 nastri di faglia, 273 Morel, J. L., 237, 238, 241 Natale, G., 248 Moreno, M., 216 Natawidjaja, D. H., 454, 456, 457, 460 Moresby, Papua New Guinea, seamount metamorphic National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program, 81, core complex, 477 89, 133 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake of 1984 Nazca Plate, 148, 168, 169, 190, 192, 194, 196, 222

(Mw 6.2), 92 Nazca Ridge, 192, 203, 222 Morgan, J. P., 339, 360 Nazca–Antarctica spreading center (Chile Rise), 191 Morley, C. K., 453 Neev, D., 294, 296, 298

Mörner, N.-A., 254, 257 Neftegorsk, Sakhalin, earthquake of 1995 Mw 7.0, 411 Moro Gulf, Philippines, earthquake of 1976 Ml 7.9, 470 Negros trench, Philippines, 467 Morotai basaltic plateau, Indonesia, 469, 472 Nelson, A. R., 54, 60, 217, 471 Morton, D. M., 103 Nelson, K. D., 356, 357

Mosar, J., 307 Nemuro-oki, Japan, earthquake of 1894 Mw 7.7, 399 Mosha fault, Iran, 313 Nepal–Bihar earthquake of 1934 M 8.1, 353, 392 Motagua fault, Guatemala, 120, 148, 157, 158, 176 New Guinea Highlands, 476 Motagua, Guatemala, earthquake of 1816, 158 New Guinea subduction zone, 473, 474 Motagua, Guatemala, earthquake of 1976, 186, 188 New Hebrides subduction zone, 478 Mount Angel, Oregon, fault, 61 New Madrid seismic zone, 67, 68, 70 Mountain Front fault, Iran, 319, 320 Reelfoot Rift, 67 mountain-front sinuosity, 14 Newcomb, K. R., 460, 462 Mouyaris, N., 275 Newman, A., 70, 74 Movri Mountain (Patras), Greece, earthquake Newport–Inglewood fault, California, 97, 99, 106, 107,

of 2008 Mw 6.4, 275 109, 111, 140, 144 Moyenne Durance fault, France, 242 Neyshabur, Iran earthquakes, 311 Mridekh, A., 243 Ni, J., 319, 344

Mt. Ararat, Turkey (Agri Dag), 284 Nias–Simeulue earthquake 2005 Mw 8.7, 457, 461 Mt. Demavend, Iran, 284 Nias–Simeulue, Indonesia, earthquake

Mudurnu Valley, Turkey, earthquake of 2005 Mw 8.8, 454 of 1967 Ms 7.1, 286, 287 Nicaraguan depression, 173 Mueller, K. J., 105 Nicholson, C., 100 Mugnier, J. L., 351 Niemi, T. M., 89, 140 Muir-Wood, R., 260, 261 Nieto–Samaniego, A. F., 138

Müller, J. J.A., 456 Niigata, Japan, earthquake of 1964 Mw 7.6, 411 Müller, R. D., 146 Nikonov, A. A., 310

Murchison, New Zealand, earthquake of 1929 Ms 7.8, Nishenko, S. P., 31, 180, 181 490 Nishimura, S., 435 Murphy, M., 360 Nishimura, T., 399 Muzaffarabad, Pakistan, earthquake of 2005 7.6, 349, Nishiyama, A., 432 352, 447 Nixon, G. T., 147, 179, 181

613 Index

Noller, J. S., 13 Okavango Rift, 231 nonvolcanic low-frequency tremor, 416 Okhotsk Plate, 399, 405 Nootka, Canada, fracture zone, 58, 58, 75 Okinawa Trough, 435–437 Norabuena, E., 174 Okumura, K., 415 Norini, G., 182 Oldham, R., 353 normal faults, 4 Oldham, T., 353 North Anatolian fault, Turkey, 263, 264, 267, 268, 270, Olesen, O., 254, 255 279–282, 284–291 Olinghouse fault, Nevada, 130 North Anatolian fault earthquake of 1668, 288 Oliveira, C. S., 241 North Anatolian Shear Zone, 289 Omori, F., 396, 415 North Andean Block, 148, 165, 167, 193–195, 197, 199 Omori’s Law, 396 North Borneo thrust, 449 Onderdonk, N. W., 110 North China Block, 375 Ontong Java basaltic plateau, 478 North Hispaniola Deformed Belt, 150, 151, 184 Oppenheimer, D., 50, 54, 64

North Hispaniola earthquake of 1946 Ms 8.1, 151 Optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL), 13 North Kettleman Hills, California, earthquake of 1985 Orange, D. L., 50

Mw 6.1, 95 Ordos Plateau, China, 370–374 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake of 1986 Mw Oriente fault, Cuba, 149–151, 188 6, 100, 121 Orléansville, Algeria, earthquake of 1954 Ms 6.7, 243 North Panamá Deformed Belt, 146, 168–170, Ormara Microplate, 333 172, 184 Ornach–Nal fault, Pakistan, 334, 339, 341

North Puerto Rico earthquake of 1943 Ms 7.8, 150 Oroville, California, earthquake of 1975 M 5.7, 138, North Puerto Rico Slope (Bunce) fault, 151 139 North Scotia Ridge, 217 Orozco fracture zone, 177, 178, 179 North Solomon trench, 476, 478 Ortuño, M., 242 North Tabriz fault, Iran, 309 Osada, M., 466 North Tehran thrust, Iran, 314 Osaka Basin blind thrust faults, Japan, 431 Northeast Anatolian fault, 268, 307 Osiecki, P.S., 156 Northeast Japan subduction zone, 185, 404–409, See Oskin, M., 111, 117 Chapter 9 Ota, Y., 411, 444 Northeast Vancouver Island earthquake of Otago Range and Basin Province, New Zealand, 491 1946 M 7.2, 58 Otsuki, K., 407

Northern Cook Inlet earthquake of 1933 Ms 6.9, 35 Owen, S. E., 498 Northern flat slab in northern Perú, 200 Owens Valley, California, earthquake of 1872 Mw Northridge, California, earthquake of 1994, 114, 299 7.5–7.7, 21, 79, 81, 125 Northwest Borneo trench, 453 Ozawa, S., 405, 407 Northwest Nelson Range and Basin Province, New Zealand, 490 Pacific Northwest GPS Array (PANGA), 55 Notsu, K., 284, 309 Pacific Plate, 20, 405 Noyo Submarine Canyon paleoseismic site, Page, R. A., 30, 39, 40 California, 87 Page, W. D., 333 Nubia Plate, 225, 227, 283, 294 Paleoseismology, vii, 16 Nubian Swell, 231 coastal marshes, 52

Nuweybah, Egypt earthquake of 1995 Mw 7.3, 296 trenching, 17 Nyst, M., 272, 277, 278, 281, 291 Palestine earthquake of BC 31 Ml 6.7, 300 Paliestine region earthquake of AD 749 Ml = 7.3, 301 Oak Ridge fault, California, 104, 112, 114 Pallatanga, Ecuador, right-slip fault, 199 Oatney, E. M., 348, 354 Pallett Creek, California, paleoseismic site, 81, 98, Obara, K., 397, 416 141, 142 Obermeier, S. F., 71 Palmyride fold belt, Syria, 225, 294, 302, 303 Oca fault, Venezuela, 166 Palos Verdes fault, California, 99, 106, 107, 144 Oceanic fault, California, 115 Palu–Koro faults, Sulawesi, Indonesia, 449, 472 Ohmi, S., 432 Pamirs, 378–381 Ohta, Y., 34 Pampean Andes, 194 Okada, A., 207, 428 Pamplona indenter, 166, 167, 196, 199 Okal, E. A., 466, 473 Panamá Block, 168 Okamura, Y., 410, 419 Panamá fracture zone, 169, 172, 184

614 Index

Panamá Viejo earthquake in 1621 M 7, 169 Pliny and Strabo trenches, 270

Pannonian Basin, 263, 264, 265 Plovdiv, Bulgaria earthquake of 1928 Ms 7.1, 280 Pantosti, D., 246, 248, 277 Pogue, K. R., 350 Papadimitriou, E., 362 Polet, J., 464 Papadopoulos, G. A., 277, 324 Polonia, A., 217, 219 Papazachos, B. C., 283 Pondrelli, S., 251 Pardo, M., 78, 177, 178, 180, 181 pore pressure, 4 París, G., 196, 198 Port Royal, Jamaica, earthquake of 1692, 155, 189 Park, J.-O., 418 Porter’s Pass-to-Amberley fault zone, New Zealand, Parke, J. R., 289 487 Parkﬁeld, California, earthquake of 1966, 115 Portland Hills fault, Oregon , 61 Parkﬁeld, California, earthquakes, 94, 95, 98 Powell, R. E., 81, 82, 140, 143 Parsons, T., 286, 290, 321 Powers, P.M., 348, 349, 351, 353 Pärvie fault, Sweden, 254 Prasetya, G. S., 472 passive margin, 2 Pratt, J. H., 335 Patton Bay, Alaska, reverse fault of 1964, 26, 57 Prawirodirdjo, L., 456 Patton Escarpment, California, 118 Prentice, C. S., 86, 150, 152–155, 164, 166, 188, 386 Paul, J., 335 Preston, L. A., 57 Pavlides, S. B., 275, 278, 279, 323, 324 Prince William Sound and Kodiak asperities, 34 Pearce, J. A., 284, 308, 309 Prince’s Islands, Turkey, seismic gap, 289 Pedro Miguel fault, Panamá, 169 probability distribution functions, 142 Pegasus Bay fault, New Zealand, 488 probability vs. prediction, 89 Pegler, G., 379 Project HiCLIMB, 356 Pegu (Bago), Myanmar, earthquake of 1930 M 7.3, Protti, M., 170, 172, 185 345, 392 Puente Hills thrust,California, 110, 111 Pelayo, A., 219 Puerto Rico trench, 149–151, 163 Peltzer, G., 366 Puna Plateau, Argentina, 190, 191, 200, 222 Pennington, W. D., 194, 196, 352 Punjab seismic zone, 338 Pennock, E. S., 351 Punongbayan, R., 467 Perea, H., 242 Puntodewo, S. S.O., 473, 474 Pérez, O. J., 27, 32 Puysegur subduction zone, New Zealand, 489 Pérouse, E., 244 Pyramid Lake, Nevada, earthquake of 1860 M 7, 130 Perşani Mountains volcanics, Romania, 265 Petersen, M. D., 89, 96, 449 Qaidam Basin, China, 362, 364, 381 Petronis, M. S., 128 Qalat al Hosn, Syria-Lebanon, pull-apart basin, 303 Pezzopane, S. K., 133 Qilian Shan Basin, China, 364, 366 Phalasarna, Crete, earthquake of 365 AD, 271, Qinling Mountains, China, 372, 375

274, 325 Queen Charlotte, Canada, earthquake of 1949 Mw 8.1, Philip, H., 243, 307, 309, 310 42 Philippine fault, 468, 470, 471, 499 Queen Charlotte–Fairweather fault, 19, 23, 27, 41–43, Philippine Institute of Volcanology & Seismology, 467 45, 81 Philippine Sea Plate, 405, 415–417, 425, 427, 435–437, Quesada, Costa Rica, Sharp Contortion, 170

439–442, 469, 471, 474 Quetta, Pakistan, earthquake of 1935 Ms 7.7, 341 Philippine subduction zone, 467, 468, 472 Quito, Ecuador, reverse fault, 199 Pilidou, S., 283

Pinglu, China, earthquake of 1739 M 8, vii Racha, Georgia, earthquake of 1991 Ms 7, 310 Pinter, N., 109 Rachaya, Lebanon fault, 301 Pinto Mountain fault, 121, 124 radiocarbon dating, 12 Pirazzoli, P.A., 271 Radu, C., 267 Piromello, C., 249 Radulov, A., 280 Pivnik, D. A., 344 Radziminovitch, N., 389 PL 41 anomaly, Tyrrhenian Sea, 244 Ragay Gulf, Philippines, earthquake of 1973 M 7.0, 470 Plafker, G., 22, 27, 28, 32–35, 37, 38, 42, 43, 89, 91, Rajendran, C. P., 336–338, 354 157, 158, 169, 200, 215, 217, 234 Rajendran, K., 337 Plantain Garden fault, Caribbean, 149, 154, 155 Rakhine Yoma, Myanmar, 344 Pleasant Valley, Nevada, earthquake of 1915 M 7.6, vii, Rakhine (Arakan), Myanmar, earthquake of 1762, 344, 132 393

615 Index

Ramapo fault, New Jersey, New York, Rogers, G. C., 34, 42, 55, 58, 59 Pennsylvania, 67 Rogers, R. D., 156, 158, 173, 176, 177 Ramírez, J. E., 198 Rogozhin, E. A., 411 Ramos, N., 467, 483 Rohr, K. M.M., 41 Ramos, V.A., 210 Romeral fault, Colombia, 167, 198 Ramu–Markham reverse fault, Papua New Guinea, 475 Rose Canyon fault, California, 97, 106 Ran Y., 377, 394 Rosenbaum, G., 244, 246 Rangin, C., 449, 452, 453 Rosencrantz, E., 149, 156 Ratchkovski, N. A.,, 39, See Ruppert Rotstein, Y., 253 Raterman, N. S., 365 Roum fault, Lebanon, 294, 303, 304 Rau, R.-J., 439 Rovuma Microplate, 229, 230 Raymond fault, California, 104, 108 Roy, R. D., 335 Red Mountain fault, California, 97, 112, 113 Royden, L. H., 222 Red River fault, China, 358, 360, 361, 363, 449–452 Royer, J.-Y., 335

Red Sea earthquake of 1982 Ms 6.0, 234 Rubin, C. M., 108, 109, 439, 442–444 Red Sea propagator, 233 Rudbar–Tarom, Iran, earthquake of 1990 M 7.7, 315 Regard, V., 317, 332 Ruff, L., 161, 402, 421 Reicherter, K. R., 242 Rukwa graben, Tanzania, 229, 230 Reid, H. F., 5, 9, 80, 89, 141, 456 Rukwa, Tanzania, earthquake of 1910 M 7.4, 226, Reidel, S. P., 61, 64 229, 259 Reilinger, R., 281, 283, 291–294, 296, 302, 306, Ruleman, C. A., 339, 341 322, 332 Ruppert, N. A., 39, 40, 45 Reinecker, J., 66 Russ, D. P., 68, 74 Reno, Nevada, earthquake of 1869 M 6.7, 130 Russo, R. M., 159, 216, 217 Replumaz, A., 450–452 Ryan, H. F., 26, 31 Research Group for the Senya Fault, 408 Ryukyu subduction zone, Japan, 398, 399, 415, reservoir-induced seismicity, 70, 220 435–438, 439 Revere–Dellwood–Wilson fault, Canada, 42 reverse faults, 4, 144 Sachpazi, M., 270, 277 reverse-faults tectonic province of México, 186 Sagaing fault, Myanmar, 343, 344–346, 358, 392, 449, Reykjanes Ridge, Iceland, 257, 258 450, 456 Reynolds, J. H., 210 Sagaing, Myanmar, earthquake of 1956 M 7.0, 345 Rhine graben, 225, 252 Sagami Trough, Japan, 396, 405, 417, 423–428 Riasi thrust, Kashmir, India, 352 Sagiya, Y., 405 Richardson Mountains, Canada, 44, 45 Sahu, V.K., 344, 345 Richter, C. F., 7, 122, 240, 396, 431 Sakai, K., 414 Ridgway, K. D., 39 Sakhalin, Russian, 411, 413 Rif Mountains, Morocco, 241–244 Salamon, A., 306

Rikuu, Japan, earthquake of 1896 Mw 7.2, 408 Salt Range thrust, Pakistan, 351, 353 Rimando, R. E., 471 Salton Sea, California, 116

Rinconada fault, California, 96, 115 Samoa Corner earthquake of 2009 Mw 8.1, 480 Ring, O., 229 San Andreas fault, California, vii, 20, 41, 56, 77, 80–82, Río Gatún fault, Panamá, 168, 184 85–88, 91, 92, 94, 96–99, 101–103, 107, 115, 116, Rio Grande Rift, 125, 135, 137 121–124, 140, 143 Risk Management Solutions, 251, 377 Big Bend, 96, 103, 144, 164, 303 Ritz, J.-F., 313, 314 Observatory at Depth, 83 Rivera Plate, 20, 116, 147, 177–179, 181, 183 slip rate, 100 Rivera Triple Junction, 83 transform-fault system, 19 Robertson, A. H.F., 283 San Antonio Canyon fault, California, 108 Robertson, P., 146 San Cayetano fault, California, 97, 104, 112, 113 Robinson, A. C., 360 San Clemente Island fault, California, 107 Rockwell, T. K., 103–105, 124, 141, 142, 168–170, San Cristobal subduction zone, Solomon Islands, 476, 242, 289, 322 478 Rodgers Creek fault, 85, 89 San Diego Trough fault, California, 107 Rodgers, D. W., 482 San Fernando fault, California, 109 Roeder, D., 249 San Fernando Valley, California, earthquakes of 1971

Roer graben, 253 and 1994, both Mw 6.7, 112

616 Index

San Francisco earthquake of 1906 Mw 7.9, 79, 80, 81, Schmidt, J., 275 86, 87, 90, 91, 93 Schneider, C. L., 109, 111 San Gabriel fault, California, 114 Schoenbohm, L. M., 451 San Gregorio–Hosgri fault, California, 89, 92, 96, 97, Scholl, D. W., 25 115 Scholz, C. H., 11, 56, 231, 426 San Jacinto fault, California, 82, 97, 100, 102–103, 104, Schubert, C., 164, 166 116, 117, 140, 142 Schwartz, D. P., 91, 92, 135, 157, 201 San Jose fault, California, 108 Schwartz, S. Y., 92 San Juan, Argentina, earthquake of 1944 M 7.4, 210 Scordilis, E. M., 278

San Miguel, Baja California, earthquake of 1956 Mw Scotia Arc, 159 6.9, 106 Scotia Plate, 192, 217 San Ramón thrust, Chile, 214 Sea of Japan fold-thrust belt, 409, 412

San Salvador, El Salvador, earthquake of 1986 Ms 5.7, sea-ﬂoor spreading centers, 2 174 Searle, M. P., 294, 295, 303, 304, 450 San Sebastián fault, 165, 166 Seattle fault, 50, 60 San Sebastián–El Pilar–Los Bajos–El Soldado–Central Sébrier, M., 200, 201, 204, 206, 221, 222, 242 Range fault, 164–166 Seeber, L., 155, 184, 289, 320, 338, 348, 349, 351, 353

San Simeon earthquake, California, of 2003 Mw 6.5, Seilacher, A., 298 115 seismic moment, 8 Sandiford, M., 466 seismic tomography, 2, 6 Sanford, A. R., 137 seismic waves, 5 Sangawa, A., 421, 422, 430 seismites, 322 Sangihe slab, Indonesia, 469 Seismological Society of America, 21, 81 Sanhe–Pinggu, China, earthquake of 1679 M 8, 377 Seismological Society of Japan, 395

Sanriku, Japan, earthquake of 1933 Mw 8.4, 464 Seliverstov, N. L., 402 Sanriku-oki, Japan, earthquake of 1896 Mw 8.5, 407 Sella, G. F., 278 Sanriku-oki, Japan, earthquake of 1933 Mw 8.3, 408 Selvaggi, G., 244 Sanriku-oki, Japan, earthquake of 1968 Şengör, A. M.C., 264, 286, 288, 289, 291 M 8.2, 405 Seno, T., 404, 411, 412, 417 Santa Barbara Channel, California, earthquake of 1812, Seno, Y., 412 112 Septentrional fault, Dominican Republic, 147, 150, Santa Cruz Island fault, California, 109 151, 152, 153, 184, 188 Santa Cruz Mountains, California, restraining bend, Seram Trough, Indonesia, 466, 473 144 Serghaya, Lebanon fault, 301 Santa Lucia Banks fault, California, 115 Serpelloni, E., 239, 241 Santa Marta–Bucaramanga, Colombia, fault, 167, 193, Serranía de Baudó, Colombia, 170, 198 194, 198 Serva, L., 248 Santa Monica fault, California, 109 Setouchi shear zone, Japan, 419, 429, 432 Santa Rosa Island fault, California, 110 Seymen, I., 291, 292 Santa Susana fault, California, 97, 104, 112, 113 Shan Plateau, 449, 452 Santa Ynez River fault, California, 110 Shan Plateau earthquake of 1912 M 7.6–8, 449 Santiago, Chile, earthquake of 1647, 214 Sharp, R. V., 102, 103, 109, 140 Santiago, Cuba, Deformed Belt, 150, 188 Shaw, B., 269–271, 275, 277, 284, 325 Santiago, Guatemala, earthquake 1776, 174 Shaw, J. H., 110, 111 São Miguel Island, Azores, earthquake of 1522 M~7, shear stress and normal stress, 4 237 Sheba Ridge, 233 Sapkota, S., 354 Shennan, I., 32, 34, 35 Sargent–Berrocal fault, California, 92 Sherrod, B. L., 61, 64 Şaroglu, F., 291, 292 Shillong Plateau, India, earthquake of 1897 M 8.1, 353, Satake, K., 52, 98, 115, 216, 407, 411 354, 391 Sato, N., 408 Shimamoto, T., 411 Savage, J., 22, 32 Shimazaki, K., 427 Savin, S. M., 170 Shin, T.-C., 439, 444 Sbeinati, M. R., 303–305 Shipley, T. H., 163 scarp degradation, 14 Shkodra, Albania, earthquake of 1905 M 6.6, 278 Scharer, K. M., 98, 141 Shor, G., 106 Schattner, U., 302–306 Shulgin, A., 464

617 Index

Shumagin gap, Alaska, 30, 31, 77 South Puerto Rico Slope (Bowin) fault, 151, 152 Shyu, J. B.H., 440–442, 444 Southeast Anatolia Block, 292 Siame, L. L., 210, 211, 212 Southeast Anatolian thrust, Turkey, 263, 291, 293 Sibuet, J.-C., 435, 436 Southern Alaska Microplate, 36, 37 Sieh, K., 81, 96, 98, 101, 141, 454–457, 460, 461, 499 Southern California Earthquake Center, 81, 120 Sierra el Mayor, Baja California, earthquake of 2010 Southern Carpathians, 264

Mw 7.2, 105, 116, 189, 299 southern Chile earthquake of 1960 Mw 9.5, 32, 45, 190, Sierra Madre fault, California, 104, 108, 109, 112–114 216, 223, 446 Sierra Madre, California earthquake of 1991 M 5.8, 108 Southern México Block, 147, 159, 177, 178, 187 Sierran Microplate, 85, 89, 92, 121, 125 southern Red Sea–Tendaho Graben, 259 Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, 193, 194, 198, 200, 210, southern Spain earthquake of 1954, 239 212, 221 Southern Whidbey Island fault, 60, 61, 75 Siletzia, 28, 49, 56, 57, 61, 74, 75 Southwest Cyprus earthquake of 1222 M 7.0–7.5, 283 Silver, E. A., 169, 184 Spakman, W., 271

Simoes, M., 405, 444, 445 Sparta, Greece, earthquake of 464 BC Ms 7.2, 273 Simons, W. J.F., 448, 449, 452, 453, 464 Speckbacher, R., 477 Sims, J., 94 Spence, W., 464, 466 Sinai Plate, 283, 293, 294, 306 Spencer, J. E., 118 Singh, S. K., 181 Spicák, A., 463

single-event fault scarps, 260 Spitak, Armenia earthquake of 1988 Ms 6.9, 310 Sirch, Iran, earthquake of 1981 Mw 7.1, 317 St. Lucia basement ridge, 163 Sirmurital fault, India, 354 stable continental region (SCR) earthquakes, 21, 66, 74, Sitka. Alaska, earthquake of 1972 M 7.6, 42 219, 226, 235, 495 Skagafjördur, Iceland earthquake of 1963 M 7, 257 Stanovoy Range, 389 slab earthquakes in 1949 (M 7.1), 1965 (M 6.5) and State Seismological Bureau, China, 330 2001 (M 6.8) in Washington, 57 Stauder, W., 190 slab rollback, 245 Stein, R. S., 95, 118, 119, 123, 232, 233, 286, 321 Slemmons, D. B., 66, 73, 74, 132, 248 Stein, S., 66, 70, 74, 78, 161, 163, 256, 390 slip rate budget, 3, 84 Stephenson, W. J., 107 slow earthquakes, 55 Stevenson, A. J., 26 slow slip event, 34, 181 Stewart, I. S., 256 Smalley, R., 210, 217 Stich, D., 241, 242 Smith, G. I., 120 Stirling, M. W., 490, 491 Smith, R. B., 473 Stiros, S. C., 277 Snake River Plain, Idaho, 135 Stock, J. M., 117 Snavely, P.D., 50 Stonewall anticline off Newport, Oregon, 49 Sodom and Gomorrah, destruction of, 298 strain partitioning, 96, 105, 106, 144, 183, 311, 433, soil chronosequence, 16 473, 482, 498 Solomon trench, 476, 478 strike-slip faults, 4

Solomon’s Temple earthquake of BC 759 Ml 7.3, 300 strike-slip faults province, Mexico, 186 Solonenko, V.P., 389 strong-motion seismograph, 8

Somalia Plate, 225, 227 Struma, Bulgaria earthquake of 1904 Ms 7.1, 279 Song, S. G., 87 Suárez, G., 180 Sonne fault, 332, 333 Subarya, C., 454, 457

Sonora, México, earthquake of 1887 Mw 7.4, 21, 79, subduction zone beneath Myanmar, 344 138 subduction zone rollback, 268, 325 Sorong fault, Indonesia, 469, 473, 474 Subukia, Kenya, earthquake of 1928 M 6.9, 230, 259 Sorong–Yapen fault, Indonesia, 499 Suckale, J., 479

South Caribbean Deformed zone, 146, 148, 164, 166, Sudan earthquake of 1990 Ms 7.2, 231 183, 184, 190, 194 Sugi, N., 407 South Caspian Basin, 308, 310, 311, 313 Sugito, N., 415 South China Plate Block, 449 Sugiyama, Y., 419, 420, 426, 427, 430, 431 South Iceland earthquake of 1912 M 7 and 1784 Sula Platform, Indonesia, 473 M > 7.5, 259 Sulaiman, A., 236 South Iceland Seismic Zone, 257, 258 Sulstarova, E., 278 South Lajas, Puerto Rico, fault, 154 Sultan, D. I., 174 South Panamá Deformed Belt, 169 Sulu trench, Philippines, 467

618 Index

Sumatra–Andaman earthquake of 2004 Mw 9.15, 344, Taylor, E. W., 478 454, 457, 461 Taylor, M., 356, 357, 365 Sumatran fault, 449, 450, 454, 455, 456, 460, 498 Taymaz, T., 291, 292 Sumatran subduction zone, 499 Tchalenko, J. S., 308, 318, 320

Sumba, Indonesia, earthquake of 1977 Mw 8.3, 464, tectonic geomorphology, 14 465 tectonostratigraphic terranes, 26 Sunda Arc of Indonesia, 184 Teeuw, R., 161 Sunda Plate, 344, 450, 452–453 Tehuantepec fracture zone, 167, 177, 178, 180, 187 Superstition Hills and Elmore Ranch faults, California, Tehuantepec Ridge, 159, 179, 181

earthquakes of 1987 Mw 6.2, 102 Tejon Pass, California, earthquake of 1916 Mw 5.6, 110 Surface-exposure dating, 13 Tekirdag pull-apart Basin, Sea of Marmara, 289 Surkhet–Ghorahi fault, Nepal, 359 Temescal Valley, California, earthquake of 1910 M 6, Surmeh–Qir trend, Iran, 320 104 Suruga Trough, Japan, 423 ten Brink, U., 151, 169, 183, 184 Susitna Glacier reverse fault, Alaska, 39 Tennant Creek, Australia, historical ruptures, 495 Suter, M., 138, 181, 182 Tensho, Japan, earthquake of 1586 M 7.9–8.1, 434

Suusamyr, Kyrgyzstan, earthquake of 1992 Ms 7.3, 382 tephrochronology, 12 Suwa Lake Japan, pull-apart basin, 414 terrestrial geodesy, 9

Swan Islands earthquake of 2009 Mw 7.3, 156 Thakkhola graben, Nepal, 357 Swan Islands fault, 148, 149, 156, 176 Thakur, V.C., 347 Swe, T. L., 345, 392 Thatcher, W., 10, 87, 223, 356, 446 Sykes, L., 422 Thein, M., 392, 393

Sylmar, California, earthquake of 1971 Mw 6.7, thermoluminescence (TL), 13 109, 114 Thiele, R., 207, 214 Szeliga, W., 338 Thirteen-century record of Nankai subduction, Japan, 420 Tabas-e-Golshan, Iran, earthquake of 1978, 315, 327 Thompson, S., 383 Tabei, T., 428 Three Pagodas fault, Myanmar, 450, 453, 456 Taboada, A., 194, 197, 198 Tibaldi, A., 198, 199 Tabor, R. W., 50, 75 Tichelaar, B. W., 30, 180, 209, 402 Tabriz, Iran, earthquake of 1721 M ≥7.3, 309 Tien Shan, 378, 381–385

Tabriz, Iran, earthquake of 1780 M ≥7.4, 309 Tierra del Fuego region earthquakes of 1949 Ms 7.8, Taipei Basin, 442 219 Taira, A., 397, 399, 405, 416, 418, 435 Timor Trough, 464 Taiwan, 438–445 Tingay, M., 449, 450 Tajima, F., 172 Tintina fault, Alaska, 37, 38, 39, 40 Takada, K., 422 Tjörnes Fracture Zone, Iceland, 258 Takeda, T., 415 Toda, S., 95, 412, 434, 435

Takeya, M. K., 220 Tohoku-oki, Japan, superquake of 2011 Mw 77, 209, Talbot, C. J., 234 224, 352, 397, 405, 446, 499

Talebian, M., 320 Tokachi-oki, Japan, earthquake of 1952 Mw 8.2, 399 Talesh fault, Azerbaijan–Iran, 307 Tokachi-oki, Japan, earthquake of 1968 Mw 8.2., 407 Talwani, P., 70 Tokai seismic gap, Japan, 427 Tamayo fracture zone, México, 83, 97, 116, 178, 179 Tonankai, Japan, earthquake of 1944, 418, 420, 422 Tan Lu fault, China, 375–377 Tong, X., 216

Tango, Japan, earthquake of 1927 Mj~7.5, 431 Tonga–Kermadec subduction zone, 479, 480 Tangshan, China, earthquake of 1976 Mw 7.6, 331, 377 Toppenish Ridge anticline, Washington, 64 Tanioka, Y., 399 Toppozada, T. R., 89, 92, 94, 103, 113, 115

Tapanuli, Sumatra, earthquake of 1892 Mw 7.6, 454 Tornquist–Teisseyre Line, 264–267, 326 Tapponnier, P., 232, 233, 378, 385 Toro, D. R. Congo, earthquake of 1966 M 6.6, 229 Tarapacá Seismic Gap, Perú–Chile, 206 Tosco–Abreojos fault, Baja California, 116, 118

Tarlay, Shan Plateau, earthquake of 2011 M 6.8, 452 Tosya, Turkey, earthquake of 1942 Ms 7.3, 285 Tarr, R. S., 32 Totschunda fault, Alaska, 29, 37, 38, 39, 43

Taungdwingyi, Myanmar, earthquake of 2003 Mw 6.6, Tottori, Japan, earthquake of 1943 M 7.4, 432 392 Trans–Alaska Crustal Transect, 28 Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand, 483, 484 Trans–Alaska oil pipeline Paleoseismology, 22 Tavera, H., 200 Trans–Alboran Shear Zone, 242

619 Index

Transition fault, Alaska, 27, 28, 29 Vallier, T. L., 23 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, 135, 147, 148, 159, 167, van der Hilst, R., 172, 185, 194, 196 177–179, 181–183, 186 Van Dissen, R. J., 485, 486, 488 Tregoning, P., 475 van Lanen, X., 66 Tréhu, A. M., 49, 50, 74 Vancouver Plate, 23 Treiman, J. A., 123 Vanneste, K., 280 Trenkamp, R., 167, 168, 169, 170, 194 Varto, Turkey, earthquake of 1966 M 6.8, vii, 288 Trexler, J. H., 130 Vasquez Creek fault, California, 104, 114 Trifonov, V.G., 382 Vedder, J. G., 110 Tripoli, Libya, earthquake of 1183, 236 Velandia, F., 197 Tsai, C.-C., 438 Vema fracture zone, 236 Tsai, Y.-B., 438 Venezuela earthquake of 1812 M 8, 166 Tselentis, G. A., 278 Ventura Basin, California, 104, 111–113 Tsetserleg, Mongolia, earthquake of 1905 M 7.8, 386 Veracruz fault, México, 148, 179 Tsodoulos, I. M., 277, 324 Verde Passage–Sibuyan Sea fault, Philippines, 468, Tsuji, T., 464 470, 471 Tsukuda, E., 419, 420, 429, 432, 434 vergence, 4 tsunami deposits, 18 Vergnolle, M., 181 tsunami earthquakes, 463 Vernant, P., 313, 318 Tsunamigenic earthquake of 1998 Papua New Victoria Microplate, Africa, 226, 229 Guinea, 474 Vigny, C., 216, 344 Tsutsumi, H., 106–109, 344, 345, 411–413, 428, 430, Villamor, P., 483 431, 470, 471 Vita-Finzi, C., 275, 319, 334–336 Tucker, A. Z., 108 Vitiaz trench, 479, 480 Tun, S. T., 452 Vizcaino Block, California, 84 turbidite paleoseismology, 53 Volcanic Caribbees, 147, 160, 161, 162 Turkish–Iranian Plateau, 306 von Huene, R., 26, 32 Turner, H. L., 174 Vrancea, Romania, seismic zone, 263, 265, 267, Tuttle, M. P., 68 325, 326 Tuzo Wilson seamounts, Canada, 58, 75 Wachs, D., 300 Udaipur, Nepal, earthquake of 1988, 357 Wada, I., 58 Umaoi anticline, Hokkaido, 401, 410 Wadati–Benioff zone, 2, 50, 57, 75, 85, 159, 170, 397, Underhill, J. R., 268, 277 398, 416, 463, 499 Une, H., 411 Wadi Araba (Arava) fault, Dead Sea Transform, 296 Ungava, Québec, earthquake of 1989 M 6.3, 72 Wadia, D. N., 346 Unimak Island, Alaska, tsunamigenic earthquake of Wagwater, Jamaica, reverse fault, 154, 155

1946 Mw 8.3, 30, 31 Wairarapa, New Zealand, earthquake of 1855 M 8.2, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 481, 482 (UNAM), 189 Wairau fault, New Zealand, 486, 489 Unruh, J., 119 Wald, D. J., 86, 87 Upcott, N. M., 226 Walker Lane, 80, 121, 122, 125–131, 133, 140

Upland, California, earthquakes of 1988 M 4.6 and Walker Pass, California, earthquake of 1946 Mw 6.1, 1990 M 5.2, 108 119, 140 Upper Rhine graben, 252 Walker, R. T., 315, 316, 318, 320, 385, 387 Upreti, B. N., 339, 355, 360 Wallace, K., 353, 366 Usami, T., 423, 426, 432 Wallace, L. M., 488 Uttarkashi, India, earthquake of 1991 M 7, 352 Wallace, R. E., vii, 14, 81, 121, 132, 248, 288, 292 Uyeda, S., 77, 396, 398, 403 Wallace, W. K., 29, 30, 43 Walpersdorf, A., 473 Valdiya, K. S., 346, 353 Walton fault, 149, 150 Valensise, G., 91, 248 Walton fault, Jamaica, 154, 155

Valentine, Texas, earthquake of 1931 Mw 6.4, 138 Wang C. Y., 383 Valle de Estrella (Puerto Limón), Costa Rica, Wang J.-H., 444 earthquake of 1991 M 7.5, 169, 172 Wang K., 55, 216 Valley and Ridge Appalachian seismicity, 71 Wang S., 361 Valley of México soil liquefaction potential, 189 Wang Y., 449

620 Index

Ward, S. N., 107, 144, 248 Wrightwood, California, paleoseismic site, 98, 141, 142 Warren, L. M., 480, 481 Wrightwood, California, earthquake of 1812, 99 Wasatch fault, 79, 127, 131–133, 136, 142 Wu, P., 254, 262 Washburn, Z., 365, 366 Wyss, M., 497, 498 Waugh, A., 335 wave-cut abrasion platform, 15 Xianshuihe fault, China, 360, 362, 364 Wdowinski, S., 282, 283, 294, 296, 305, 322 Xiaojiang fault, China, 361, 450, 451 Weaver, C., 57 Xingtai, China, earthquake of 1966 M 7.2, 329 Weaver, K. D., 108 Xu, X., 364, 367, 368, 372 Weber Basin, Indonesia, 466 Weber, J. C., 146, 164, 166 Yadong–Gulu Rift, Tibet, 357 Weihe–Shanxi graben, China, 370, 372 Yakataga seismic gap, Alaska, 32, 34 Weldon, R. J., 84, 98–101, 141, 142 Yakima fold belt, Washington, 61 Wellington fault, New Zealand, 485 Yakutat Bay, Alaska, earthquakes of 1899 M 8., 32 Wells, A., 489 Yakutat collision zone, 23, 26, 45 Wells, D. L., 322 Yakutat Microplate, Alaska, 19, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, Wells, R. E., 50, 55, 55 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 77, 221, 447

Wenchuan, China, earthquake of 2008 Mw 7.9, Yamaguchi, D. K., 53 361, 364 Yamasaki, N., 408, 432 Wernicke, B., 323 Yamazaki, H., 417, 423 Wesnousky, S. G., 68, 103, 132, 133, 141, 322, 407 Yammouneh fault, Lebanon, 295, 301, 302, 304, 305 Wesson, R. L., 35 Yang, W., 104, 144

West Jamaica releasing bend, 154 Yapen, Indonesia, earthquake of 1979 Mw 7.5, 473 Westbrook, G. K., 163, 169 Yapen fault, Indonesia, 473, 474 Western Canada Deformation Array, 55 Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone, Tibet, 355, 357 Western Carpathians, 264 Yeats, R. S., 1, 20, 21, 49, 56, 61, 81, 89, 101, 102, 104,

Western Foothills, Taiwan, earthquake of 1935 Ml 7.0, 106–108, 112–114, 117, 118, 124, 141, 144, 243, 445 259, 347, 348, 350, 353, 378, 482, 487, 490–492 Western Foothills fold-thrust belt, Taiwan, 442, 447 Yellowstone Hotspot, 135

western Québec seismic zone, 71 Yenice-Gönen, Turkey, earthquake of 1952 Mw Western Rift, Africa, 226, 227, 229 7.2, 290 Wetar back thrust, Indonesia, 184, 466 Yinchuan–Hetao graben, China, 370, 372 Wetar Seismic Gap, Indonesia, 466 Yinchuan–Pingluo, China, earthquake of 1739 M 8,

Wewak, Papua New Guinea, earthquake of 2002 Mw 372 7.8, 475 Yirgu, G., 233, 234 Wewak trench, Papua New Guinea, 474, 475 Yishi earthquake of 1668 M > 8, 377

Wheeler Ridge anticline, 118 Yogyakarta, Java, earthquake of 2006 Mw 6.3, 464 Wheeler, R. L., 66, 339 Yonekura, N., 427 Whitcomb, J. H., 114 Yoshida, Y., 470 White Wolf fault, California, 99, 118, 119, 140 Yoshii, T., 408 White, R. A., 158, 173, 174, 176 Yoshioka, T., 432 White, S., 236 Yu, E., 89, 92 Whittier fault, California, 99, 104, 105, 107, 144 Yu, S.-B., 439 Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake of 1987 M 6, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, nuclear waste disposal site, 110 123, 125 Wilcox, R. E., 164 Yule, D., 100, 103 Willapa Bay, Washington, coseismic subsidence, 51 Yushu, China, earthquake of 2010, 362 Wilson, D. S., 47, 84 Windley, B. F., 387 Zachariasen, J., 457 Winkler, W., 197–199 Zagros Mountains, Iran, 225, 313, 318–321 Wong, I. G., 55, 61, 75, 471 Zapata, T. R., 210 Woodlark-D’Entrecasteaux spreading center, Papua Zechariah, 300 New Guines, 477, 478 Zenisu Ridge, Japan, 424, 428 World Stress Map, 11 Zenkoji, Japan, earthquake of 1847 M 7.4, 415 Wortmann, U. G., 249 Zhang, B. Y., 372 Wright, T. J., 39, 366 Zhang, P., 362, 369 Wright, T. L., 109, 110 Zhang, Q.-W. Q, 362

621 Index

Zhang, W., 367 Zoback, M. L., 92 Zhang, Y.Q., 371–373 Zobin, V.M., 181 Zhou Enlai, 329 zone of mantle earthquakes Zielke, O., 99 beneath Hindu Kush Mountains, 379

Zirkuh-e-Qa’enat, Iran, earthquake of Ms 7.4, beneath the Pamirs, 379 318, 327 Zweck, C., 32 Zoback, M. D., 96 Zygouri, V., 275