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Origin and Evolution of the Sub-Antarctic Islands: the Foundation
Papersnd a Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 141 (1), 2007 35 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE SUB-ANTARCTIC ISLANDS: THE FOUNDATION by Patrick G. Quilty (with 23 text-figures and two tables) Quilty, P.G. 2007 (23:xi): Origin and evolution of the sub-Antarctic islands: the foundation.Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 141 (1): 35-58. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.141.1.35 ISSN 0080-4703. School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Email: P.Quil [email protected] Sub-Antarctic islands have a diversity of origins in detail but most are volcanic and very young suggesting that they are short-lived and that the distribution would have been very differenta few million years ago. 'They contrast with the common tourist brochure concept of oceanic islands. As the Antarctic Plate is virtually static, the islands seldom show signs of association with long-lived linear island chains and most thus stand alone. Longer-lived islands are either on submarine plateaux or are continental remnants of the dispersion of Gondwana. The islands are classified in relation to raised sea-floor, transform fault, triple junction, subduction zone, submarine plateau, submerged continent or continental. Many are difficult of access and poorly known geologically. Their geological history controls their many other roles such as sites as observatories, or for study of colonisation, evolution and speciation rates. Key Words: Sub-Antarctic islands, geological evolution, Macquarie Island, Balleny Islands, Scott Island, Campbell Island, Antipodes Island, Auckland Islands, Enderby Island, Peter I Island, Islas Diego Ramirez, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Bouvetoya, Gough Island, Marion Island, Prince Edward Island, Iles Crozet, Amsterdam Island, St Paul Island, Kerguelen Plateau, Iles Kerguelen, Heard Island, McDonald Island. -
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area Management Plan 2
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area Management Plan 2 6 8 7 8 5 8 0 5 6 8 0 1 2 3 1. Introduction 4 Table 1. The largest Marine Protected Areas in the world. Note that different levels of protection are afforded in the different MPAs. * denotes MPAs that are entirely no-take zones. 5 2. Background Figure 2.1. Light-mantled sooty albatross with Figure 2.2. Saunders Island in the South the twin peaks of Mt Paget in the background. Sandwich Islands. 6 Figure 2.3. The Scotia Sea region of the Southern Ocean illustrating the mean locations of the principal fronts of the ACC and current 7 Figure 3.1 Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, a key part of the foodweb in South Georgia waters. Figure 3.2 Schematic representation of the Southern Ocean foodweb, illustrating the key position of krill 8 Figure 3.3 The copepod Calanus propinquus Figure 3.4 The planktonic amphipod Themisto gaudichaudii, an important alternative to krill Figure 3.5 The head and tentacles of a colossal for many predators squid caught in South Georgia waters 9 Figure 3.7 An unidentified anemone from the sub-tidal zone on the north coast of South Georgia . Figure 3.6 Diver in forest of giant kelp in sub- tidal zone on South Georgia 10 Figure 3.8 Nudibranch Flabellina falklandica photographed in shallow water Figure 3.9 A glass sponge, common from shallow depths to deep-water around South Georgia 11 Figure 3.10 The reduced impact areas in the South Georgia toothfish fishery. -
Volcano 101102 Aleutian Intra-Oceani
Index Page numbers in italic, refer to figures and those in bold refer to entries in tables. 34~ volcano 101,102 Manus Basin axial depths 32 Aleutian intra-oceanic subduction system bathymetry 32 characteristics 4 geochemical characteristics 33-34 location 3 geophysical characteristics 32-33 Amami Plateau 165 lava geochemistry 23, 25 Andaman Sea 208 opening rate 32 andesite 61 tectonic setting 30-32, 31 calc-alkalic andesite 61-63, 62 Mariana Trough compared to continental crust 68-69, 68 axial depth profile 36 magma type spatial variations 63, 66 bathymetry 36 magma mixing 63-67 geochemical characteristics 38-39 major and trace element characteristics 65 geophysical characteristics 37-38 Aoga Shima 189,190 lava geochemistry 24, 25 Aoso volcano 223, 226 tectonic setting 34-38, 35 Arafura Shelf 208 model development 39-42, 40 arc accretion in Taiwan and Ireland 83-85 study methods 20-21 arc magmatism, general characteristics 56-57 back-arc spreading 6 geochemical modelling 59 Banda Sea 208 incompatible element chemistry 58-61 Banggai Islands 209 volcano distribution 57-58, 57 Batanta 209 arc-continent collision model 81, 94-95 Bellingshausen Island 286, 287, 287 active continental margins 81-82 geochemical variations and volcano histories arc accretion in Taiwan and Ireland 83-85 294-295 arc crustal composition 82 major and trace element composition 290-292 birth of active continental margins 82-83 new isotope analyses 293 comparison of Mayo-Connemara with Taiwan Benham Plateau 165 collisional orogenies 93 Bird's Head 209 continuous arc -
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
772 Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7, as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the Conference of the Contracting Parties. Note for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers are strongly urged to provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. UK Overseas Territories Conservation Forum DD MM YY 102 Broadway Peterborough PE1 4DG UK Designation date Site Reference Number Email: [email protected] 2. Date this sheet was completed/updated: 11 November 2004 3. Country: UK (South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands) 4. Name of the Ramsar site: South Georgia 5. Map of site included: Refer to Annex III of the Explanatory Notes and Guidelines, for detailed guidance on provision of suitable maps. a) hard copy (required for inclusion of site in the Ramsar List): yes 9 -or- no b) digital (electronic) format (optional): 6. Geographical coordinates (latitude/longitude): between 53 56’S and 54 55’S, and 34 45’W and 38 15’W 7. General location: Include in which part of the country and which large administrative region(s), and the location of the nearest large town. South Georgia and its associated smaller offshore islands, islets and stacks are very isolated, lying about 1400 km east-south-east of the Falkland Islands, 1550 km north-east of Cape Dubouzet (the nearest point on the Antarctic continent), 2150 km east of Dungeness (South America’s nearest mainland point) and 4800 km from Cape Town, South Africa. -
Introduction
South Georgia-plan for progress 9/27/06 5:48 PM Page 8 Salvesen Range from Drygalski Fjord David Nicholls South Georgia-plan for progress 9/27/06 5:48 PM Page 1 Introduction Aims and purpose of the plan This current Plan is not intended to replace the 2000 version, but to complement it. The policies have been updated and are presented in a readable and The Environmental Management Plan accessible format with clear commitments and for South Georgia, published in 2000, objectives. It is set out in seven chapters comprising gives comprehensive background an introduction and sections on natural environ- ment, heritage, visiting South Georgia, human information on the islands and sets impacts, fisheries and research. Each chapter con- out management policies. The tains articles and feature boxes, with a focus on intention was to review these recent activities designed to provide accessible background information to the policies. The policies policies after a period of five years. are presented at the end of each chapter. During 2005, a review was undertaken taking into consideration information gathered since the last South Georgia – at a glance Plan was produced, including Government com- missioned environmental reports. A comprehen- South Georgia is a long, narrow island situated in sive questionnaire survey was undertaken to the rough and windswept Southern Ocean. engage stakeholders in the policy revisions. The Spectacular mountains rise from the sea to almost revised policies are presented in this Plan. 3000m, forming a central ridge running from The Plan is intended to cover the five year period north-west to south-east. -
In Stark Contrast to Widespread Declines Along the Scotia Arc, a Survey of the South Sandwich Islands Finds a Robust Seabird Community
Please do not remove this page In stark contrast to widespread declines along the Scotia Arc, a survey of the South Sandwich Islands finds a robust seabird community Lynch, Heather J.; White, Richard; Naveen, Ron; et.al. https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/discovery/delivery/01RUT_INST:ResearchRepository/12643381400004646?l#13643527930004646 Lynch, H. J., White, R., Naveen, R., Black, A., Meixler, M. S., & Fagan, W. F. (2016). In stark contrast to widespread declines along the Scotia Arc, a survey of the South Sandwich Islands finds a robust seabird community. In Polar Biology (Vol. 39, Issue 9, pp. 1615–1625–). Rutgers University. https://doi.org/10.7282/T3N58PHR This work is protected by copyright. You are free to use this resource, with proper attribution, for research and educational purposes. Other uses, such as reproduction or publication, may require the permission of the copyright holder. Downloaded On 2021/09/29 19:24:50 -0400 SSI Survey 1 In stark contrast to widespread declines along the Scotia Arc, a survey of the South Sandwich 2 Islands finds a robust seabird community 3 4 Heather J. Lynch1, Richard White2, Ron Naveen2, Andy Black3, Marcia S. Meixler4, William F. 5 Fagan5 6 7 1 Ecology & Evolution Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA 8 2 Oceanites, Inc. Chevy Chase, MD USA 9 3 Government of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, Government House, Stanley, Falkland 10 Islands 11 4 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 12 USA 13 5 Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA 14 15 Keywords: population estimate, Zavodovski Island, Chinstrap Penguin, Macaroni Penguin, Adélie 16 Penguin, King Penguin 17 SSI Survey 18 Abstract 19 The South Sandwich Islands, in the south Atlantic Ocean, are a major biological hotspot for 20 penguins and other seabirds, but their remoteness and challenging coastlines preclude regular 21 biological censuses. -
Durham Research Online
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 15 September 2014 Version of attached le: Published Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Hodgson, D.A. and Graham, A.G.C. and Roberts, S.J. and Bentley, M.J. and O¡ Cofaigh, C. and Verleyen, E. and Vyverman, W. and Jomelli, V. and Favier, V. and Brunstein, D. and Verfaillie, D. and Colhoun, E.A. and Saunders, K.M. and Selkirk, P.M. and Mackintosh, A. and Hedding, D.W. and Nel, W. and Hall, K. and McGlone, M.S. and Van der Putten, N. and Dickens, W.A. and Smith, J.A. (2014) 'Terrestrial and submarine evidence for the extent and timing of the Last Glacial Maximum and the onset of deglaciation on the maritime-Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands.', Quaternary science reviews., 100 . pp. 137-158. Further information on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.001 Publisher's copyright statement: c 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. -
Your Cruise the Weddell Sea & the South Sandwich Islands
The Weddell Sea & the South Sandwich Islands From 3/14/2022 From Ushuaia Ship: LE COMMANDANT CHARCOT to 3/31/2022 to Montevideo From Patagonia to the Antarctic peninsula, via South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, this all-new itinerary will take you into the heart of the Scotia Arc. This volcanic archipelago at the junction of the Andes cordillera and the Antarctandes will be revealed to you in all its riches and splendour. All the wildlife of the Far South can be found there: king and gentoo penguins, elephant seals, fur seals mingle on the beautiful dark sand beaches… At sea, orcas, humpback whales and other cetaceans will escort you along your navigation through frozen waters. This cruise will also be an opportunity to discoverfour very different ecosystems, from the wooded heights of the Tierra del Fuego and the table top icebergs of the Weddell Sea to the glacier-covered mountains of the South Sandwich Islands and the snow-capped summits Southof Overnight in Santiago + flight Santiago/Ushuaia + transfer Georgia. We are privileged guests in these extreme lands where we are at the mercy of weather and ice conditions. Our navigation will be determined by the type of ice we come across; as the coastal ice must be preserved, we will take this factor into account from day to day in our itineraries. The sailing schedule and any landings, activities and wildlife encounters are subject to weather and ice conditions. These experiences are unique and vary with each departure. The Captain and the Expedition Leader will make every effort to ensure that your experience is as rich as possible, while respecting safety instructions and regulations imposed by the IAATO. -
JR134 Cruise Report) Were Discounted
RRS James Clark Ross JR168 Cruise Report Swath bathymetry South Sandwich Islands Cruise Report RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR168 April - May 2007 Northern South Sandwich Islands Geophysical Survey (swath bathymetry, magnetometer) Falkland Islands – South Georgia – South Sandwich Islands – Montevideo Alexander J. Tate and Philip T. Leat BAS Archive Reference No. ES6/1/2007/1 May 2007 Copy no. Front Cover Image - Zavodovski Island Introduction and Objectives Cruise JR168 was undertaken as part of the Geological Sciences Division (BAS) Long Term Monitoring and Survey (LTMS) programme of work in the Scotia Sea area. The main aim of the survey was to map the underwater portion of the northern sector of the South Sandwich arc using EM120 multi beam (swath) bathymetry, to provide a base map for further geological and multidisciplinary research. As the cruise was joined with a Biological Sciences LTMS cruise (JR167) in the South Georgia area, an additional aim was to collect swath data opportunistically in the South Georgia area as well. The northern sector of the South Sandwich arc was chosen because of its proximity to South Georgia, minimising transit time. The South Sandwich arc is a tectonically simple intra-oceanic arc situated in the South Atlantic. It is a seismically and volcanically active arc, built on the small Sandwich Plate. The arc is forming in response to steeply inclined subduction of the South American plate beneath the Sandwich plate. There are few previous detailed bathymetric studies of the South Sandwich area, and none in the northern sector of the arc. As planning tools, we used the Admiralty chart of the area and a predicted bathymetry map derived from satellite altimetry. -
Origin and Evolution of the Sub-Antarctic Islands: the Foundation
Papers and Proceedings ofthe Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 141 (J j, 2007 35 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE SUB-ANTARCTIC ISLANDS: THE FOUNDATION by Patrick G. Quilty (with 23 text-figures and two tables) Quilty, P.G. 2007 (23:xi): Origin and evolution of the sub-Antarctic islands: the foundation. Papers and Proceedings ofthe Royal Society of Tasmania 141 (1): 35-58. ISSN 0080-4703. School of Earth 5ciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Email: [email protected] 5ub-Antarctic islands have a diversity of origins in detail but most are volcanic and very young suggesting that they are short-lived and that the distribution would have been very different a few million years ago. "Ihey contrast with the common tourist brochure concept of oceanic islands. As the Antarctic Plate is virtually static, the islands seldom show signs of association with long-lived linear island chains and most thus stand alone. Longer-lived islands are either on submarine plateaux or are continental remnants of the dispersion of Gondwana. The islands are classified in relation to raised sea-floor, transform fault, triple junction, subduction zone, submarine plateau, submerged continent or continental. Many are difficult of access and poorly known geologically. Their geological history controls their many other roles such as sites as observatories, or for study of colonisation, evolution and speciation rates. Key Words: Sub-Antarctic islands, geological evolution, Macquarie Island, Balleny Islands, Scott Island, Campbell Island, Antipodes Island, Auckland Islands, Enderby Island, Peter I Island, Islas Diego Ramirez, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Bouvetoya, Gough Island, Marion Island, Prince Edward Island, lIes Crozet, Amsterdam Island, St Paul Island, Kerguelen Plateau, lIes Kerguelen, Heard Island, McDonald Island. -
A Review of Terrestrial Protected Areas South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
A review of terrestrial protected areas South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands A review of terrestrial protected areas: South Georgia and the South Sandwich CONTENTS Islands. Executive Summary 3 Published: September 2018. Natural and Cultural Heritage 4 Citation: UNEP-WCMC. 2018, A review of terrestrial protected areas: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Cambridge, UK. Threats 10 Existing Protection 14 The UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of The Approach 19 UN Environment, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. The Centre has been in operation for over 35 years, combining scientific research with practical policy Results and feedback 25 advice. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit Final Options for consideration 35 purposes without special permission, provided acknowledgement to the source is made. Reuse of any figures is subject to permission from the original rights holders. No use of this publication may be Selected Bibliography 43 made for resale or any other commercial purpose without permission in writing from UN Environment. Applications for permission, with a statement of purpose and extent Annex I: Guide to supplementary material 49 of reproduction, should be sent to the Director, UNEP- WCMC, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK. Annex II: SPA Information Sheets 51 The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UN Environment, contributory -
Terrestrial and Submarine Evidence for the Extent and Timing of the Last
Terrestrial and submarine evidence for the extent and timing of the Last Glacial Maximum and the onset of deglaciation on the maritime-Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands Dominic Hodgson, Alastair G.C. Graham, Stephen Roberts, Michael Bentley, Colm Cofaigh, Elie Verleyen, Wim Vyverman, Vincent Jomelli, Vincent Favier, Daniel Brunstein, et al. To cite this version: Dominic Hodgson, Alastair G.C. Graham, Stephen Roberts, Michael Bentley, Colm Cofaigh, et al.. Terrestrial and submarine evidence for the extent and timing of the Last Glacial Maximum and the onset of deglaciation on the maritime-Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands. Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier, 2014, 100, pp.137-158. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.001. hal-02905276 HAL Id: hal-02905276 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02905276 Submitted on 24 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Quaternary Science Reviews 100 (2014) 137e158 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Terrestrial and submarine evidence for the extent and timing of the Last Glacial Maximum and the onset of deglaciation on the maritime- Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islandsq Dominic A.