National Defence University Selections Guide 2020 Graduate and Post-Graduate Studies in Military Sciences National Defence University Selections Guide 2020
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Air Defence in Northern Europe
FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES AIR DEFENCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE Heikki Nikunen National Defence College Helsinki 1997 Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College. Editor: Kalevi Ruhala Editorial Assistant: Matti Hongisto Editorial Board: Chairman Prof. Pekka Sivonen, National Defence College Dr. Pauli Järvenpää, Ministry of Defence Col. Erkki Nordberg, Defence Staff Dr., Lt.Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Dr. Matti Vuorio, Scientific Committee for National Defence Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE P.O. Box 266 FIN - 00171 Helsinki FINLAND FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 10 AIR DEFENCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE Heikki Nikunen National Defence College Helsinki 1997 ISBN 951-25-0873-7 ISSN 0788-5571 © Copyright 1997: National Defence College All rights reserved Oy Edita Ab Pasilan pikapaino Helsinki 1997 INTRODUCTION The historical progress of air power has shown a continuous rising trend. Military applications emerged fairly early in the infancy of aviation, in the form of first trials to establish the superiority of the third dimension over the battlefield. Well- known examples include the balloon reconnaissance efforts made in France even before the birth of the aircraft, and it was not long before the first generation of flimsy, underpowered aircraft were being tested in a military environment. The Italians used aircraft for reconnaissance missions at Tripoli in 1910-1912, and the Americans made their first attempts at taking air power to sea as early as 1910-1911. -
Finnish Security and Defence Policy 2001 Report by the Government to Parliament on 13 June 2001
FINNISH SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY 2001 REPORT BY THE GOVERNMENT TO PARLIAMENT ON 13 JUNE 2001 ISBN 951-53-2328-2 Contents SUMMARY SECTION I: THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT AND FINLAND'S POLICY 1. SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 1.1 International developments 1.2 The challenge of conflict prevention and crisis management 1.3 International security cooperation 1.4 Defence policy and military development 1.5 Security and defence in northern Europe and the Baltic Sea region 2. FINLAND'S SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY 2.1 Security and defence policy instruments 2.2 Requirements of military defence and crisis management SECTION II: DEVELOPING FINLAND'S DEFENCE 1. MILITARY DEFENCE 1.1 Finland's defence solution 1.2 Military defence resources 2. STRUCTURAL CHANGES IMPLEMENTED IN THE DEFENCE FORCES UP TO 2001 2.1 Objective of the structural changes 2.2 Structural changes implemented up to 2001 3. FINLAND'S DEFENCE SYSTEM 2001-2008 3.1 Defence system development 3.2 Developing the Defence Forces command and control system 3.3 Developing each of the services 3.4 Developing war economy arrangements and logistics 3.5 The Defence Forces in peacetime 4. COOPERATION OF THE DEFENCE FORCES WITH VARIOUS AUTHORITIES SECTION III: INTERNATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. MILITARY CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2.1 Principles and capacity for participating in crisis management 2.2 Participation in peacekeeping operation 2.3 Cooperation in military crisis management 1 2.4 Development of military crisis management capacity 2.5 Civil-military cooperation 3. CIVILIAN CRISIS MANAGEMENT 3.1 General 3.2 Priorities in civilian crisis management 3.3 Development needs SECTION IV: PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES AND COMBATING THREATS TO SOCIETY 1. -
A Review of Aeronautical Fatigue Investigations in Finland April 2011 - February 2013 Siljander, Aslak
This document is downloaded from the VTT’s Research Information Portal https://cris.vtt.fi VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland A review of aeronautical fatigue investigations in Finland April 2011 - February 2013 Siljander, Aslak Published: 01/01/2013 Document Version Publisher's final version Link to publication Please cite the original version: Siljander, A. (Ed.) (2013). A review of aeronautical fatigue investigations in Finland April 2011 - February 2013. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. ICAF National Review - Finland No. 2428VTT Research Report No. VTT-R-0215-13 VTT By using VTT’s Research Information Portal you are bound by the http://www.vtt.fi following Terms & Conditions. P.O. box 1000FI-02044 VTT I have read and I understand the following statement: Finland This document is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of this document is not permitted, except duplication for research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered for sale. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 NATIONAL REVIEW 13 ICAF Doc ʋ 2428 3.4.2013 A REVIEW OF AERONAUTICAL FATIGUE INVESTIGATIONS IN FINLAND APRIL 2011 – FEBRUARY 2013 Presented at the 33rd Conference of the International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue and Structural Integrity (ICAF), Jerusalem, Israel, 3-4 June 2013 Compiled by Aslak Siljander Confidentiality Public National Review 13 / 2 (50) Preface The Finnish Air -
Finnish Air Force Aircraft Fact Sheet Boeing F/A-18C and F/A-18D Hornet
Finnish Air Force Aircraft Fact Sheet Boeing F/A-18C and F/A-18D Hornet The Boeing F/A-18C and F/A-18D Hornet are twin-engined multi-role fighters manufactured in the United States. Most of Finland's Hornet fleet is divided between Lapland Air Command (Fighter Squadron 11) and Karelia Air Command (Fighter Squadron 31) to form the backbone of the Air Force's combat capability. Carrying the military designation HN, they are flown on peacetime training and air policing missions. In a time of crisis, the Hornets are set to execute defensive counterair operations to protect the nation's vital assets, civilian population, and operations conducted by all services against air attacks. The aircraft will also be tasked to support joint operations with long-range standoff weapons. The wide range of modern weapons the aircraft can carry combined with its sensor suite and data link systems enables beyond and within visual range engagements under all weather and lighting conditions either by a single aircraft or by packages in seamless cooperation with surface-based air defense units and other air defense assets. In the event of crisis, Hornets can be deployed to operate from dispersed highway strips. 1 Finnish Air Force Aircraft Fact Sheet The Finnish Air Force F/A-18 fleet has undergone an extensive mid-life upgrade program. The first phase, designated MLU 1, was aimed at maintaining and improving the aircraft's air-to-air capability and was completed in 2006–10. The aircraft were fitted with provisions for a helmet-mounted sighting system for better close-range combat capability and the new AIM-9X version of the infra-red guided Sidewinder missile. -
The Finnish Defence Forces PUBLIC INFORMATION DIVISION of the DEFENCE STAFF
2005 Facts about The Finnish Defence Forces PUBLIC INFORMATION DIVISION OF THE DEFENCE STAFF Street address Fabianinkatu 2 Mail PL 919,00131 HELSINKI, FINLAND Tel +358918122419 Fax +358 9 1812 2439 E-mail [email protected] Homepage www.mil.fi Feedback about this or any other publication of the Public Information Division of the Defence Staff can be sent to the address: [email protected] Information officials +358 9 1812 2424/2412 Publications and exhibitions +358 9 1812 2420/2486 Military music +358 9 1812 2422 " Ruotuvaki", Defence Forces Bulletin published twice a month Subscriptions P.O . Box 25, 00131 Helsinki, FINLAND Tel +358 9 1812 2432 Fax +358 9 1812 2440 E-mail [email protected] www edition www.mil.fi/ruotuvaki FACTS ABOUT THE FINNISH DEFENCE FORCES 2005- 2006 Published by the Public Information Division of the Defence Staff First Ed ition ISBN 951-25-1525-5 Paper G-print 80 g/m2, Lumiart S1lk 170 g/m2 Printed by Edita Prima Oy, 2005 Photographs by SA-Kuva, unless otherwise stated A PDF VERSION OF THIS PUBLICATION IS AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET AT www.mil.fi/english/ CONTENTS Finland 's security environment ...................................... ... .................. 6 Total defence ................................................. ....................... .... ......... ... 7 Finland 's politico-military environment .. ......................... ............. .. ... 8 Peacetime military strengths in neighbouring areas ... ... ............. ..... 9 Legislation on readiness ................... .............. ............. -
Hybrid Threats a Strategic Communications Perspective ISBN - 978-9934-564-33-8
IMAGES – SHUTTERSTOCK – IMAGES Hybrid Threats A Strategic Communications Perspective ISBN - 978-9934-564-33-8 DISCLAIMER: This document is a research product of the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence (NATO StratCom COE). It is produced for NATO, NATO member countries, NATO partners, related private and public institutions and related individuals. It does not represent the opinions or policies of NATO or NATO StratCom COE. The NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence (NATO StratCom COE) is a NATO accredited multi-national organisation that conducts research, publishes studies, and provides strategic communications training for government and military personnel. The NATO StratCom COE was initially founded by Latvia, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, and the United Kingdom in 2014. Since then Canada, Finland, the Netherlands and Sweden have joined the Centre. Denmark, France and Slovakia are set to join in 2019. © All rights reserved by the NATO StratCom COE. Material may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or publicly displayed without permission of the originator. Hybrid Threats A Strategic Communications Perspective Acknowledgements Project Director Ben Heap Project Assistants Sophia Krauel, Jente Althuis Research Assistants Alexandra Clifton, Tara Flores, Leonie Haiden, Pia Hansen, Torsten Hertig Contributing Authors Dr Sean Aday, Dr Māris Andžāns, Dr Una Bērziņa-Čerenkova, Dr Francesca Granelli, John-Paul Gravelines, Dr Mils Hills, Miranda Holmstrom, Adam Klus, Irene Martinez-Sanchez, Mariita Mattiisen, -
Finnish Security and Defence Policy 2012. Government Report Abstract
Finnish Security and Defence Policy 2012 Government Report Prime Minister’s Office Publications 1/2013 Finnish Security and Defence Policy 2012 Government Report Prime Minister’s Office Publications | 1/2013 2 Publisher DESCRIPTION PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE 15 March 2013 Type of publication Commissioned by Publication Prime Minister’s Office Name of publication Finnish Security and Defence Policy 2012. Government Report Abstract The Government´s Security and Defence Policy Report 2012 is the latest in the series of Government Reports issued on the subject. The Report gives special attention to topics in which significant changes have occurred since the previous report issued in 2009. It lays the foundation for guiding Finland’s policy to advance Finland’s interests and goals. The focus of the Report extends into the 2020s. The Report analyses the changes and trends in the global security environment and discusses Finland’s security policy, defence development and action to secure the vital functions of society. Finland’s security policy encompasses both actively creating security and anticipating and responding to security threats. The most important goals of Finland’s security and defence policy are safeguarding the country’s independence and territorial sovereignty, guaranteeing the basic values, security and well-being of the population and maintaining a functioning society. Keywords government report, security policy, defence policy, foreign policy, foreign and security policy Name of series and number of publication Language Number of pages Prime Minister’s Office Publications 1/2013 En 118 ISBN (print) ISBN (PDF) ISSN 978-952-287-009-4 978-952-287-010-0 1799-7828 Publisher Distribution Prime Minister’s Office Publication as a PDF: www.vnk.fi/english Further information: julkaisut@vnk.fi Layout Confidentiality rating Printed by Prime Minister’s Office, Anja Järvinen Public Edita Prima, 2013 3 4 CONTENTS FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................... -
Defence Forces Reform Concept 8212
DEFENCE FORCES REFORM CONCEPT Press Conference at the Government Palace 8 February 2012 Commander of the Finnish Defence Forces Finnish Defence Forces 7 February 2012 1 Defence Forces Reform - Preparation Summer - Autumn Spring 2012 January 2012 Implement-Implement- Autumn 2012 ationation Spring 2011 DetailsDetails Autumn 2011 ConceptConcept HOWHOW 2010 BasicBasic ideaidea WHATWHAT WILLWILL BEBE DONEDONE IMPLEMENT-IMPLEMENT- PreliminaryPreliminary ATIONATION ISIS IdentifyingIdentifying surveyssurveys WHATWHAT WILLWILL REALISEDREALISED thethe needneed forfor OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES BEBE DONEDONE changechange SELECTIONSELECTION OFOF MEASURESMEASURES ALTER-ALTER- NATIVES,NATIVES, HOWHOW COMPARISONCOMPARISON WHATWHAT WHYWHY Example: Brigade-level unit structure TOO LARGE, POSSIBILITIES ARMY STRUCTURAL DETAILS PREPARATIONS MUST BE REDUCED FOR REFORM, NAVY FOUNDATION IMPLEMENTATION CRITERIA AIR FORCE NEEDS TO BE PERSONNEL SUPPORTING RELINQUISHED, PLANNING PERSONNEL SAVINGS TO BE MERGED ORGANISATION OBJECTIVES OF FUNCTIONS Finnish Defence Forces 7 February 2012 2 Defence Forces Reform - Reasons and Objective The need for reform is caused by: The objective is: • Smaller age groups • Defence materiel becoming 1. Ensuring Finland's military obsolete and more expensive defence capability • Other rises in costs 2. Lasting cost savings • There is not enough money to • Real-estate expenditure maintain a Defence Forces of • Personnel costs the current size. • Materiel procurement 3. Bringing the size and activities of the Defence Forces into balance • -
Bilc Conference 2002 Oslo
DEFENCE COMMAND BILC CONFERENCE 2007 SAN ANTONIO NATIONAL REPORT FINNISH DEFENCE FORCES Risto Kuokkanen Chief of Language and Translation Branch Defence Command Finland 1. Languages taught The Defence Forces offer regular language programmes in English, French, German and Russian. A compulsory course in Swedish, the second official language of the country, is organized for officer cadets at the National Defence University. In addition, short-term and ad hoc task-based language training is organized or outsourced. Commands, staffs and units organize and support individual language training for their personnel. 2. Language programmes during the academic year 2006 - 2007 Regular language programmes are run in four military schools: the Army Academy, the Air Force Academy, the Naval Academy and the National Defence University. The language training is based on extensive general language studies in the comprehensive schools. The Defence Forces language programmes concentrate for the most part on military/operational language. European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) units are used to describe student achievement/workload. 1 credit = maximum 15 class hours plus an equal amount of self-study. NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY English Cadet Course 91 (2nd year): 102 students/1,5 cred./STANAG level 3-4 Cadet Course 92 (1st year): 73 students/3 cred./ STANAG level 3-4 Cadet Course 93 (1st year): 143 students/2 cred./ STANAG level 3 Cadet Course 93 voluntary revision course: 15 students/2 credits/STANAG level 1 Warrant Officer Supplementary Course for Masters studies: 15 stud./3 cred./ level 2-3 Staff Officer Course: 36 students/1,5 cred./level 3 French Cadet Course 92 (1st year): 3 students/3 cred./level 2 Cadet Course 91 (2nd year): 3 students/2 cred./level 3 Staff Officer Course: 2 students/1,5 credits/level 4 Swedish Cadet Course 92 (1st year): 120 students/3 credits/level 3-4 Cadet Course 93 (1st year): 120 students/1 credit/level 3 Cadet Course 93 (1st year) additional web course: 120 students/1 cred./level 2-3 Every cadet must pass the State Swedish Examination. -
Fintraffic Air Navigation Services
FINTRAFFIC AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES LTD Annual Report 2020 YEAR 2020 SERVICES AND UNITS GOVERNANCE SAFETY AND RESPONSIBILITY BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Fintraffic Air Navigation Services Ltd Contents Fintraffic ANS provides safe, accurate and competitive air navigation services Year 2020 in Finland, the most environmentally friendly airspace in the world. The aim is CEO’s review 3 for air traffic to support Finland’s success in a comprehensive way. Events in 2020 5 Year 2020 in numbers 6 We are responsible for managing Finland’s airspace and providing en-route and Strategy 2020 7 air navigation services at 22 airports in Finland. International co-operation 9 We do not only ensure that captains receive their landing permits safely but Services and units we are also responsible for the necessary infrastructure, system design and Finland’s Air Traffic Control Centre, system maintenance in accordance with international standards. Technical air Helsinki Air Traffic Control navigation also encompasses the maintenance of radar, navigation equipment and the network’s ATS services 10 and radio equipment in the airport environment. Technical air navigation 12 Avia College 13 In addition, we are in charge of special tasks relating to air rescue coordination and territorial surveillance and training and consulting services. Governance Board of Directors 14 Fintraffic Air Navigation Services Finland Ltd, (Fintraffic ANS) is part of the Strategic management 17 Traffic Management Company Fintraffic Ltd. Organisation 20 Safety and responsibility 21 Board of Directors’ report 2020 and Financial statements 24 FINTRAFFIC AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES LTD / ANNUAL REPORT 2020 2 YEAR 2020 SERVICES AND UNITS GOVERNANCE SAFETY AND RESPONSIBILITY BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CEO’s review Our year was strongly coloured by the In 2020, our area control centre provided ser- coronavirus pandemic and its impact vices for about 110,450 flights, of which 24,649 on air traffic. -
Conscript 2021
Puolustusvoimat Conscript 2021 A guide for you who are getting prepared for your military service Conscript 2021 A guide for you who are getting prepared for your military service Conscript 2021 A guide for you who are getting prepared for your military service The Conscript booklet is a good source of information. Familiarise yourself thoroughly with this booklet before the call-up. Also familiarise yourself with the internet site of the Defence Forces at puolustusvoimat.fi facebook.com/aluetoimisto facebook.com/puolustus youtube.com/puolustusvoimat ISBN 978-951-25-3149-3 978-951-25-3150-9 (PDF) PunaMusta 2020 Conscript 2021 Entering service with an open mind ����������������������7 Travel during leave �������������������������������������������� 34 Conscription for those coming from abroad �������34 Future conscript ���������������������������������������������������� 10 Paternity leave and paternity allowance ��������������36 The security of Finland and the regional division Crisis prevention and support measures of Finland's military national defence �������������������� 10 for conscripts ��������������������������������������������������� 36 Tasks of the Defence Forces ���������������������������������� 11 Time Out! Getting life back on track How Finnish defence works ���������������������������������� 11 and outreach youth work ���������������������������������� 36 Every man is liable for military service �������������������� 12 Equality and non-discrimination, Voluntary military service for women ��������������������� 13 and appropriate -
Conscript 2016 a Guide for You Who Are Preparing to Carry out Your Military Service
Conscript A guide for you who are preparing2016 to carry out your military service The Conscript booklet is a good source of information. Familiarise yourself thoroughly with this booklet before the call-up. Also familiarise yourself with the internet site of the Defence Forces at puolustusvoimat.fi facebook.com/aluetoimisto facebook.com/puolustus youtube.com/puolustusvoimat ISBN PDF 978-951-25-2714-4 Juvenes Print 2015 Conscript 2016 Entering service with an open mind ...............................7 Conscription for those coming from abroad ....... 34 Paternity leave and paternity allowance ............. 36 Future conscript ..........................................................10 Support measures for conscripts and The security of Finland and The regional division prevention of crises .......................................... 36 of Finland’s military national defence .................... 10 Time Out! Getting life back on track .................. 36 Tasks of the Defence Forces ................................. 11 Non-discrimination and equality in military How Finnish defence works .................................. 11 service ............................................................ 36 Every man is liable for military service .................... 12 Military justice ................................................. 37 Voluntary military service for women ..................... 13 Legal assistance ............................................... 37 Anticipate entering the Reserve ......................... 37 Before military service