Recording the Ancestors Scottish Family History

75 years

£3 or Free to Members ISSUE 37 SPRING 2020

Data from Abandoned gravestones structures

Recent dead Issue No 37 / Spring 2020 08 ISSN 2041-7039

Published by Archaeology Scotland, Suite 1a, Stuart House, Eskmills, Station Road, Musselburgh EH21 7PB Tel: 0300 012 9878 © Mitchell Fotheringham Email: info@archaeologyscotland. org.uk 13 Scottish Charity SC001723 Company No. 262056

Cover picture Recording a grave slab at Old Deer churchyard, Aberdeenshire © Cameron Archaeology © Cameron Archaeology Edited and typeset by Sue Anderson & Carleton Van 16 Selman, Spoilheap Archaeology [email protected]

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Views and opinions expressed within Archaeology Scotland magazine are not necessarily those of Archaeology

Scotland, its Board or the Editor © NRS 21 A large print version of Archaeology Scotland is available on request. Please contact the Archaeology Scotland office for further information. Courtesy Ian Lowe

2 – ISSUE 37 Contents Got something to say? The next issue will be on the theme Archaeology Scotland News ‘Stones’, and you are invited to 04 From the Director submit articles relating to this. We 05 Heritage Hero Awards also welcome articles on general 06 Parliamentary Reception; ARP Conference topics, community projects, SAM 07 Stobs Camp events and research projects, as well as members’ letters. Members are particularly encouraged to Recording the Ancestors send letters, short articles, photos and opinions relating to Scottish 08 The Macfarlanes of Arrochar archaeology at any time for 13 Genealogy from Graveyards inclusion in our ‘Members’ Section’. 16 Iconography in Scottish Graveyards 18 ScotlandsPeople If you plan to include something 21 Researching Stobs People in the next issue, please contact 24 Helping with History in the Scottish Borders the editor in advance to discuss requirements, as space is usually at a premium. We cannot guarantee People, Books to include a particular article in a 27 Not Murder but Judicial Execution particular issue, but we will do our 28 60 Second Interview – Audrey Wilson very best to accommodate you! 30 New Books - Genealogy and Graveyards High resolution digital images (300 31 Book Review - Digging into Stirling’s Past dpi+) are preferred for publication. Please include copyright details and a caption.

Contributions can be sent by post to the Archaeology Scotland offices 24 or emailed direct to the Editor (see opposite) marked ‘ArchScot contribution’.

Please send your contributions by 29 May 2020.

All copy may be edited for reasons of length and clarity.

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SPRING 2020 – 3 editorial

Spring has sprung in Scotland © E. Macqueen

he snowdrops are well and consultants are leading staff truly out on the banks of and Board through this process Tthe River Esk, which runs gradually and collegiately and, alongside our offices here in hopefully, at the end of the Musselburgh, as we approach the process we will be fit for purpose end of another successful year for the decade ahead with all its of projects and events, and look challenges. towards our next financial year of We will be busy with this over funding and developments. the next few months as well as We are fortunate to have helping Geoff Waters to organise secured a National Lottery accommodation etc. for this Heritage Fund grant for a year’s Summer School and taking Resilience project that is underway the Archaeological Research in just now. Working with a team Progress conference to Aberdeen. of consultants, we are looking Both these things take place in to the future sustainability of May – 15th to 18th May for the Archaeology Scotland. This will Summer School and 23rd May involve us acquiring new skills for ARP. Pencil in those Spring and knowledge, developing dates and keep an eye on our new models of governance, e-newsletter and website for

From the Director leadership, business and income, updates. as well as engaging with new audiences and partners. Our Eila Macqueen, Director

4 – ISSUE 37 Volunteer Roisin Hogarth receiving her Gold Heritage Hero award © Archaeology Scotland Heritage Hero Awards t has been a busy few months for We have signed a concordat with the our Heritage Hero Awards. January Young Archaeologists’ Club UK network Isaw our 12,000th Certificate being that allows all YAC Club leaders to awarded. It feels like we’ve come a offer the opportunity to take part in long way since our 2016 Awards pilot scheme. Heritage Hero Awards. We’ve already seen uptake of the awards from more The awards were a prominent feature at the aforementioned parliamentary YACs and look forward to the launch of reception, with one of the highlights our Awards supplements for YACS and being awarding Roisin Hogarth with the growth of the awards through the our prestigious Gold Award. Roisin is a network this year. familiar face at Archaeology Scotland, YAC hasn’t been the only focus for having been a volunteer on our Stobs Camp Project since the beginning, as the Awards recently. In late October well as volunteering on some of our we attended a number of meetings on other projects and at our events too. the Outer Hebrides in a bid to promote Not the only cause for celebration the Heritage Hero Award scheme in this year, Rosin was also the winner of some of Scotland’s more remote areas. the Marsh Young Archaeologist of the Following an enquiry from a Gaelic Year Award 2019, for her outstanding contribution to community archaeology, speaking class we have had the Awards certificates translated and are delighted recognising her achievements for her NEWS SCOTLAND ARCHAEOLOGY input to Archaeology Scotland and her to be able to offer a Gaelic version of local YAC group - Flodden. our certificates.

SPRING 2020 – 5 news Parliamentary Reception

Musselburgh MSP, Colin Beattie – jointly (if slightly belatedly) marked our 75th Anniversary and also launched a report on how important archaeological learning is to society. The report, produced by Northlight Heritage, can be downloaded from Scotland’s Archaeology Strategy website and is well worth a read. The report highlights how and why archaeology is important, showcasing its suitability, as a multi-disciplinary subject, to deliver Curriculum for Excellence through strategic topics such as climate change, outdoor learning, diversity, sustainability, social inclusion, citizenship, communities, migration and much more. Archaeology as a subject is so adaptable and has the potential to tell stories from our past which resonate with the present and illuminate the future. Both what archaeology can teach us and the ways that we learn about it can enrich the lives of learners of all ages. The highlight of the evening was surely Parliamentary Reception – showcasing our artefact kits © hearing directly from young people about how Archaeology Scotland engaging in our activities has had positive benefits to their lives and their aspirations for e had a fun and inspirational event the future. There was plenty of opportunity to at the Scottish Parliament recently. see all the different projects we do and explore WEntitled ‘Making Archaeology Matter’, our artefact investigation kits too. All in all, it this reception – kindly sponsored by our local was a great evening. Archaeological Research in Progress cotland’s national annual Archaeological Sponsorship options and opportunities Research in Progress (ARP) conference will Stake place on Saturday 23 May 2020 at We are seeking support to help us to deliver Aberdeen University. this quality conference in the prestigious venue of the University of Aberdeen. Costs Archaeology Scotland (in partnership with the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland) is taking are increasing and we wish to keep ticket the lead this year and the conference aims prices as low as possible so external support to cover archaeological research in progress is vital. The wide range of sponsorship from around Scotland featuring all periods. support we normally receive towards ARP Bookings will be organised by the University also helps to demonstrate collaboration and of Aberdeen and the full programme and highlights cross-sector support for the rapid further information will be available here in dissemination of archaeological research. due course https://www.abdn.ac.uk/events/ Supporting the one-day conference conferences/arp/index.php provides you with the opportunity to promote

6 – ISSUE 37 your organisation while also supporting and annual review distributed to all our rapid knowledge dissemination, research members and partners excellence and interdisciplinary collaboration. Sponsorship benefits include branding on all • Acknowledged as the sponsor in social print and digital programmes, the opportunity media related to the event or project to display material at the conference and • Acknowledged and warmly thanked as delegate places: sponsor by our President in opening and • Sponsor acknowledged on the ‘supporter closing addresses of the sponsored event thank you’ page of our website with sponsor’s logo prominently displayed. • Sponsor’s support included on the online All contributions, in cash or in kind, are lecture archive in perpetuity (hosted on welcome so please do contact David Gilchrist YouTube) on [email protected] if you • Editorial and logo acknowledgement as would like to discuss ways you can be involved event sponsor in one of our magazines in the 2020 ARP conference. Stobs Camp

lthough it really isn’t the season for outdoor Awork a couple of things needed attention at Stobs Camp. We have installed galvanised, painted ‘estate’ fencing around the re-erected memorial to protect it from the sheep. It adds a finish to the memorial that respects its importance. We have also taken possession of our two interpretation panels, one that will overlook the camp from the hillside and one to inform at the former cemetery. However, it has been too wet lately to install these so we wait for the ground to dry out a little. Meanwhile it is perfect weather for huddling over your computer and doing some online research. Many The newly fenced Stobs Memorial © Ian Lowe of our volunteers have been down the details. So far take part in your own time doing just that to help us we have over 500 names please contact Hannah@ finally find the names of the and this will be boosted archaeologyscotland.org.uk. internees and prisoners. The soon when we take part When spring begins to show only surviving records are held by the International in Who Do You Think You face we hope to arrange Committee of the Red Cross Are magazine transcription for a survey and possible in Geneva. Thankfully the Tuesday in early February. excavation of one of the firing books and records cards Hundreds of volunteers will ranges to look at the target have been digitised so join in from all over world mechanisms and a sentry box our researchers can chase and if you would like to still in situ.

SPRING 2020 – 7 features The Macfarlanes of Arrochar An archaeological investigation

Walkover survey © Calluna Archaeology; inset, Clan crest, photo by Calluna Archaeology he traditional heartland of the Macfarlane century and ended up in the USA. All have clan lies in the parish of Arrochar, at the great pride in their Scots-American heritage. Tnorth-west end of Loch Lomond. The Two distant relatives in particular, Peter Macfarlanes claim descent from the Earls of McFarlin and Preston Mcfarland from Clan Lennox and received a charter for the lands of Macfarlane Worldwide, have been instrumental Arrochar in the 13th century. The clan name in setting up an archaeological project which came into being in the 14th century, after aims to explore the history and heritage of the ‘Parlane’, a supporter of Robert the Bruce. clan. After an initial involvement in the Hidden Unfortunately, in the 18th century the clan Heritage Project, they secured funding for their chief, like many at the time, overstretched own project from their clan members who want himself financially and went bankrupt. As to connect to their ancestors and capture a a result the clan lands were sold in 1784. sense of the Scottish landscape. Currently there is no clan chief. It was known that by the 16th century the Arrochar parish lies on the edge of the Macfarlane clan chiefs occupied two medieval highlands and is crossed east to west by stone castles in Loch Lomond, at Inveruglas and Eilean I Vow and that after the Civil War Glen Douglas, the isthmus between Loch the clan chief moved to a mansion house Lomond and Loch Long, Inveruglas Water and at Inverioch, in Arrochar, on Loch Long. Strath-Dubh-Uisge. Surrounded by powerful However, there was evidence that the clan clans, the Macfarlanes experienced conflict, chiefs also occupied more modest buildings particularly with the Campbells to the west and which differed little from their tenants, such the Colquhouns to the south. as at Clattochmore in Tarbet. Initial interest There are now Macfarlanes spread all over was therefore aimed at these less substantial the world. Some left Scotland in the 17th buildings that could have acted as strongholds

8 – ISSUE 37 few small trenches across the had been burned, but it could remains revealed the remains well have been a store, or of a trapezoidal structure, lookout for the Macfarlanes, with roughly faced stone helping them to control walls without lime mortar. movement up and down The building measured Loch Lomond and across the 12.5m long and up to 3.5m isthmus to Loch Long. wide internally with walls up to 1m thick. The finds Walkover Survey 2016 included a tiny fragment of a medieval jug (13th/14th- In 2016 Clan Macfarlane century in date), several Worldwide decided to fund a 17th-century pot sherds, gun walkover survey of some of flints, a 17th-century coin (a the more accessible parts of Scottish turner dated 1640s the Arrochar parish. The aim or 1660s) as well as a metal, of the survey was to follow up shovel-shaped object. The on some of the documentary building was clearly not a and map evidence and castle. During the Civil Wars, look for evidence of Cromwell’s men invaded past occupation in the Argyll and burned Inveruglas landscape. Daily reports and and Clattochmore because photographs enabled the the Macfarlanes supported contemporary clan members the Royalist cause. There was to be kept up to date with all no evidence that this building the discoveries.

Walkover survey © Calluna Archaeology; inset, Clan crest, photo by Calluna Archaeology for the clan. The first project funded by Clan Macfarlane Worldwide in 2014 was an investigation of a small structure on Tarbet Isle that had been seen by Fiona Baker in 1996. Tarbet Isle 2014 Tarbet Isle is a small rocky island in Loch Lomond near Tarbet. One of Timothy Pont’s manuscript maps of Loch Lomond depicted what looks like a two-storied castle with a high gabled roof on Tarbet Isle. His accompanying text, however, did not mention a castle, which raised some suspicions which Clan Macfarlane Worldwide were keen to investigate. A dig was organised involving volunteers and directed by the author. A Tarbet Isle from the shore © Calluna Archaeology

SPRING 2020 – 9 features

Excavating Craig a Phuirt almshouse © Calluna Archaeology As a result, 88 mostly new sites were rapidly Creag a Phuirt 2017 recorded and photographed. These consisted of the stone foundations of houses, barns, One of the more significant discoveries byres, shielings, mills, a hunting lodge and of this survey was a possible 17th-century also enclosures, kilns, bridges, sheep folds, a almshouse. The documentary evidence said possible whisky still and areas of rig and furrow. that John Macfarlane built an almshouse at Many of these sites could be related to place- Creag a Phuirt during the reign of James VI names mentioned in documents and old maps, (1567–1625) opposite his house on Eilean I dating back to the 16th and 17th centuries (see Vow for the ‘reception of poor passengers who Glen Douglas by Edgar 1745). For example, might happen to require shelter in visiting or in two settlements, Croitnein and Gartanfearn, passing through the district’. It incorporated an were discovered in Glen Douglas. Documentary armorial stone commemorating his marriage research by Alistair McIntyre revealed that to his fourth wife. John Macfarlane became Croitnein was in existence by 1643, was chief in 1612 and so any almshouse built by occupied by two families, but was abandoned him must date to the early 17th century. The by 1841. location of the site had been lost, but a close We surveyed these sites in more detail and examination of the shoreline, which retained a taped offset survey was hand drawn by the place-name, revealed the low foundations members of the Association of Certificated of a stone built structure. An excavation Field Archaeologists. The place-names were revealed that the building was slightly confirmed by a rental of 1784 which included trapezoidal in shape, measuring 5.5m by sites in Glen Douglas in their geographical 3.9m (externally) with walls up to 0.7m wide. order from west to east, although with The floor consisted of redeposited loch-side slightly different spellings. Here were two lost material with water-rolled stones. There were settlements, occupied during the Macfarlane fragments of roof slate but no internal features era that so far are both untouched by later or an obvious entrance. The finds included a agricultural or forestry activity. single sherd of pre-industrial window glass, the

10 – ISSUE 37 composition of which Helen Spencer (then of Heriot Watt University) identified as being 16th/17th-century in date. A single sherd of 17th-century pottery was also found. Although there was no clear evidence that this was an almshouse, its location Ylen Eunlich © Mitchell Fotheringham and date provided a strong argument that it was. The would probably have been stronghold there. However, on lack of an entrance or of reduced. By the 19th century a nearby headland, the low a fireplace on the ground the stone walls had been foundations of two substantial floor would suggest that robbed and the slates from rectangular structures were the almshouse was entered the roof removed. more promising. In the 16th through a first floor doorway, century Timothy Pont depicted via a timber stair, above Ylen Eunlich 2018 an island called ‘Ylen Eunlich’ which the armorial stone (now The third site investigated as at the top of the loch and lost) could have been set. The part of this project was a site said that there was a dwelling ground floor was probably called Ylen Eunlich, located at there. By the 18th century used for storage. the top end of Loch Lomond. the island had become a The almshouse was located Back in the 19th century it promontory. on an important routeway had been suggested that So an excavation was up Loch Lomond and would there was a clan stronghold at organised in 2018 to have been available for use Ardleish, which is the name of investigate one of these two by travellers up and down the a farmstead on the north-east structures on the promontory. loch as well as visitors to the side of the loch. Walter ‘of The structure was rectangular clan chief. Once the mansion Ardleish’ was a close relative with slightly rounded corners house at Inverioch was of Duncan, the clan chief, and measuring 9.5m long and built in 1697 and the clan possibly tutor to his children. 5.5m wide (externally) with an chief moved to Loch Long, The current farmstead at entrance on the east side. The interest in the upkeep of the Ardleish is deserted and there walls were about 1m thick almshouse on Loch Lomond is no evidence, so far, for a with evidence for an internal

Walkover survey © Calluna Archaeology

SPRING 2020 – 11 features

accessible than the island. Over time the waters around the island silted up and formed a promontory, although as the excavators found, it still returns to being an island when the loch water is high. In conclusion, this project has shown the great potential that there is for revealing fascinating elements of the Macfarlane landscape within the Arrochar parish. We have found 88 new sites representing a wide range of activities including farmsteads, shielings, corn-drying kilns, roads bridges, an almshouse, a whisky still and a hunting lodge. We have discovered three buildings that date to the 16th or 17th centuries when Clan Macfarlane still possessed their traditional clan lands. These three excavations have also been a reminder that not all ruined rectangular stone buildings in the landscape belong to the 19th century. We have highlighted an amazing archive of Macfarlane papers that is housed in the Hill Collection which is kept in an old iron chest at the Procurator Fiscal Library in Glasgow. These papers have been photographed digitally and are currently being studied by an archivist. Work continues Walkover survey © Calluna Archaeology in 2020 with an investigation of the Ardleish cruck frame supporting the roof. A rough floor deserted settlement with the aim of dating its consisted of stones, bedrock and earth. A origins. patch of burning in the centre was interpreted Heather James, Calluna Archaeology as an informal hearth which contained a mixture of wood charcoal. The finds included Data Structure Reports are available for some sherds of 14th–16th-century pottery, iron excavations mentioned in the text from calluna. nails, a socketed iron tool, slate fragments, [email protected]. fire flints, burnt bone and slag. The floor also produced some charred oats and barley. A flattened musket ball was found in one of outer trenches. It was clear that this structure was occupied in the medieval period (14th–16th centuries) and is likely to be part of the dwelling that was referred to by Pont. The amount of tumble found within the structure indicates that the building had collapsed over time with no later re-occupation. Both Walter of Ardleish and Duncan Macfarlane were killed at the Battle of Pinkie in 1547. It is possible to suggest therefore that it was the island site of Ylen Eunlich that was occupied by Walter. After he died, his successors moved the main house to the east shore of the loch which was more Exploratory trench on Tarbet Isle © Calluna Archaeology

12 – ISSUE 37 Genealogy from Graveyards The gravestones of Old Deer and St Fittick’s

hat do archaeology volunteers do in the long winter months? This Wyear we are keeping ourselves busy helping Aberdeen & North-East Scotland Family History Society (ANESFHS) to clean and record a number of horizontal gravestones in Old Deer parish churchyard. The current building dates from 1789, but the walls of an earlier church still stand in the churchyard and the earliest monuments date from the 1600s. The majority of the horizontal stones Cleaning 1733 stone at Old Deer © date from the 18th Cameron Archaeology and 19th centuries and will originally have keen and work well with different formed the top of ‘table’ or ages and abilities. So far so good. ‘box’ tombs, but have at some point In flat light the stones are difficult so we been laid flush with the turf, presumably use various techniques including a torch, tin to facilitate grass-cutting. Over time, the foil, pouring, dabbing and sponging water. turf has encroached, and the stones have But when the low winter sun comes out the sunk, so our first task is to trim back the script jumps out and we all scramble to start turf to reveal the full surface of the stone. recording the previously unreadable stones. Accumulations of grass-cuttings then have We have local volunteers with knowledge to be swept away, and any moss has to be to help interpret some of the placenames – carefully removed from the lettering, using one recorded as BISSIE was of course BIFFIE only wooden and plastic tools. – not an archaic long S but actually the F. Once the stone has been cleared, we In 2001 we assisted recording St Fittick’s proceed to reading the inscription. Sounds graveyard, Nigg Bay just to the south of easy? Not always. The stones are sandstone Aberdeen. This was the first time most of and are delaminating and we are not used us had been involved in the organised to the script and the form of words. So cleaning and recording of gravestones and we pair up with an experienced ANESFHS we learned a huge amount. Volunteers just member (so called ‘palaeographologists’ enjoy being outside and visiting graveyards as we have dubbed them). Archaeology and other sites that they have not visited volunteers are used to being on their before and being in a group of interested knees all day and working hard. They are and interesting people. The work can be

SPRING 2020 – 13 features

Above, Volunteers in the churchyard at Old Deer. Right, one of the gravestones recorded at St Fittick’s © Cameron Archaeology

Find out more If you want to volunteer with us, please get in touch - email cameronarch@ btinternet.com. Old Deer Parish Church open the church for us to have access to toilets, water and somewhere inside to eat our lunch – luxury facilities compared many other projects. Cleaning a gravestone at Old Deer © Cameron Archaeology

14 – ISSUE 37 “chatting and working with other people can just make people feel happier”

done by most ages and abilities. parchmark or mound. People say that There’s work for those sitting it improves their physical and mental on a chair writing and those health. Being outside is ‘good for the helping with reading as well as soul’, chatting and working with other for more fit people deturfing people can just make people feel on top of gravestones happier. which are completely Ali Cameron, Cameron Archaeology, covered with grass and and Gavin Bell, Head of Memorial can only be seen as a Inscriptions, ANESFHS

Starting to clean a moss-covered stone at Old Deer – archaeologist Abeer and Aberdeen Uni student Elizabeth © Cameron Archaeology

SPRING 2020 – 15 features Iconography in Scottish Graveyards

of carved images can reveal more about the deceased. Not only does this give us evidence of the financial status of the deceased, as it was expensive to employ a monumental mason capable of such intricate carving, but it was also used to demonstrate to what was, at that period, an often quite illiterate local population, the trades and skills of the person resting beneath their feet. The usual emblems of mortality, the hourglass, the coffin, the grave-digger’s tools and sometimes a winged angel or winged hourglass were all commonly shown to indicate the fragility of life, the passing of time and the hope of a resurrection. These could appear in various forms on almost any tombstone in any Scottish graveyard but give us little detail of the person. Some of the more common occupations are easily recognised and interpreted – the masons, the wrights with their masonic squares and compasses, and sometimes a sheaf of corn, a plough or similar agricultural implement could show the last resting place of a farmer. They appear in many forms, often with local variations, and also dependent on Duffus boat tombstone © Bruce B Bishop the skills of the monumental mason. Some walk around many old Scottish of these emblems can be quite humorous, churchyards reveals a wide assortment especially in the agricultural areas, and are A of different styles of tombstone from the always worth closer examination. 15th century right up to the present day. An A very typical heraldic emblem is found in afternoon stroll in the local churchyard can the Leslie Enclosure in the old churchyard of be an exercise not just for the body but for the Rothes on Speyside. This identifies the burial inquiring mind, as the history of the people of enclosure of some of the Leslie Earls of Rothes, the parish is revealed, set in stone. and although not dated, this stone allows the The most common tombstones will simply researcher to establish that this emblem was record the details of the deaths and the ages carved whilst the Leslie family still held the of the individuals interred beneath, or in some lands of Rothes before they moved their seat cases near to the stone. Sometimes there will of power to Fife in 1620 and established the be information on the occupations of some of settlement which is now Glenrothes. the individuals, and, if they were of the ‘landed On the Moray coast, in the old churchyard classes’ there may even be some heraldic of St Peter in Duffus village, the maritime symbolism which can connect them back to a heritage of this coastline is commemorated clan or well-documented family. by several tombstones. One of these, a It is when we find tombstones dating back to recumbent stone recording the burial of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries that the use Frances Stiel who died in 1683 shows, in

16 – ISSUE 37 Alves stones © Bruce B Bishop addition to the usual emblems of mortality, Scottish Archaeology and the Moray Burial an anchor and a hinged rudder, suggesting Ground Research Group that the carvings his associations with the sea. The necklace and inscriptions are revealed. In Duffus there of numerous small fishing harbours such is a tombstone commemorating Alexander as Branderburgh, Covesea, Hopeman and Steeil, ‘sometime skipper in Burghsea’, who Burghsea (later Burghead), which fringed this died on 7 April 1701. Several hours of very small stretch of the Moray coast shows us patient cleaning by the research team revealed many fine examples of late 17th- and early not only the usual carvings, but a cartouche 18th-century carvings. showing a person, presumably Alexander, As usual in an area of such relatively soft sitting in the stern of his fishing boat. sandstone, many of the tombstones are very Although photographs were taken, none faded, and difficult to interpret. It is only by could clearly show the full detail of this very recourse to the detailed cleaning protocols worn stone. A scale drawing of this, and in fact originally published by the Council for of all of the old tombstones in Moray, allowed a clear reproduction of the original carving, showing us exactly what the mason intended some three hundred years ago. Nearby Alves churchyard contains many tombstones buried just beneath the grass surface, which when excavated show commemoration of various individuals, one of the earliest, from 1571, contains the arms of the Anderson family, and also a very telling inscription, still relevant today, which reads ‘Fra birt to graif na rest we haif’. Close by is the tombstone of the wife of James Dunbar of Newton showing a primitive representation of the arms of the Dunbar family. A careful exploration of the local churchyard may well reveal further information on long- past families, which for the genealogist or the local historian may lead to some interesting unconsidered avenues of research. A mason’s gravestone mortared to the wall at Coldingham Priory © Bruce B Bishop, Association of Scottish Sue Anderson Genealogists and Reserachers in Archives

SPRING 2020 – 17 features

The front page of ScotlandsPeople website © National Records of Scotland ScotlandsPeople

discovered ScotlandsPeople about three a family tree, but ScotlandsPeople is great for years ago when I first started working in the establishing the facts. I Scottish Borders Archives and was amazed So where do you begin? As with any family at the accessibility of information. No dusty history project you start by writing down all record offices searching through stacks of the information you know about your Scottish microfilms, no planning difficult journeys to ancestors. Remember all those stories you find an obscure archive – it was all accessible were told about your family? They could all through their site and right at your fingertips. hold clues. Write down everything. If you have I could be sitting in Hawick [Scottish Borders] the chance, talk to those who may have known looking at a birth certificate for an ancestor your ancestors. Armed with all this information, in Canonbie [Dumfriesshire]. Now I’m not it’s time to go to your nearest ScotlandsPeople discouraging you from going to visit these Centre or register online at home. When you places, quite the contrary, I think it’s important register at home you are able to search for to visit the archives near the places where free but pay for the images you view, whereas your ancestors lived. Archives contain much in the Centre you get charged a daily fee and more information which can greatly enhance for copies.

18 – ISSUE 37 records contained additional details: time of birth, address, occupation of father, maiden name of mother, along with the informant’s details. Later, in 1861, details of the date and place of the parent’s marriage was added. Marriages There were two styles of earlier marriages: regular and irregular. Regular marriages Selection of Baptisms, Old Parish Register of Annan, 1843. Source National Records of took place in the Church of Scotland Scotland after Banns were published in both party’s churches. Be aware there are sometimes two different dates for the banns, and just because the banns were posted does not mean the wedding took place. Various laws were passed altering the legal age to marry and Marriage Certificate of Thomas Bell and Annie Broutch, Parish of Halfmorton, 1868. who could perform marriages Source National Records of Scotland over the next few years. In 1855 mandatory registration of marriages began and they gave more detail. Details included the parents of both parties, the man’s occupation, witnesses, and location details. Deaths Death Certificate of Thomas Bell, District of Wilton, 1903. Source National Records of Deaths were originally Scotland recorded in the Old Parish Registers generally as ScotlandsPeople has date. Due to the limited payments for mort cloths. documentary records information you do need They contain a name, date, type of mort cloth, and cost. including some dating back other records to confirm Be aware the name recorded as far as 1513! that it is indeed your could be the person that ancestor. Though it was Births died or could be the relative made mandatory to record who paid for it. In 1855, Before 1855 records were a child’s birth later than in as with other registrations, kept by the local Churches England, where it was made death registration was made and are knowns as Old mandatory in 1837, after mandatory. These records Parochial Registers (OPRs). the law was passed in 1855 contain name, occupation, OPRs contain the names of records were much more place, cause of death, the child, parents’ names, accurate. After mandatory parents, and informant christening date and birth registration was passed, the details. For a short time from

SPRING 2020 – 19 features

1856 to 1860 the spouse’s details and marital Valuation Rolls Researching Stobs People status were left off the form. The valuations rolls are intermittent between The year 1855 is somewhat of an anomaly The Stobs Camp Project 1855 and 1940. They include address and for all vital records. It contains much more description of the property, the names of detail than later records. For example, the birth record also includes siblings and their dates of tenant, occupier, and inhabitant, and various birth. valuations of the property’s worth. Other records that ScotlandsPeople hold, Census and where you may find your ancestors, The census in Scotland took place every ten are legal records along with poor relief and years. Currently, ScotlandsPeople has those migration records. Legal records include wills, from 1841 to 1911. The 1841 Census testaments, coats of arms, and military service has less information than the others. It has appeal tribunals. The poor relief and migration address, names, occupation of the head of records relate mainly to the Highland and the household, ages, and whether the person Island migration. These all contain different was born in the parish or not. Later censuses types of information and vary greatly. include whether the person was married, Good Luck on your family history journey! occupations, how many people are employed by the person if any, and is more specific on Hannah R Bell, Digital Archivist for Stobs Camp place of birth. Project

Search page of the ScotlandsPeople website © National Records of Scotland

20 – ISSUE 37 Researching Stobs People The Stobs Camp Project

View of bell tents at Stobs Camp, pre-First World War. Courtesy of the Ian Lowes Collection n 2016, when I first heard that Archaeology Getting started Scotland was launching the Stobs Camp IProject in Hawick, Roxburghshire, I didn’t To get us started, a list of 46 internees who know quite what to expect, but I did know that had died in the camp was provided by David I wanted to be part of it. When I discovered Hill, one of the curators at Hawick Museum. that the project was researching the histories of Jared Squirrell, the Chair of the Borders Family some of the internees, I jumped at the chance History Society (BFHS), took on the painstaking to volunteer. I could not have foreseen then work of co-ordinating the research, which was how important it would become and that the carried out by volunteers from the Society. project would grow into a significant part of By working through local and national community life in Hawick. newspapers, Jared was able to identify a Stobs Camp began as a military camp number of additional internees, in reports of in 1903 and was used for over 50 years, escape attempts and deaths. He also found housing tens of thousands of soldiers, civilian details of garrison members from police internees and prisoners of war. Since the last reports, mainly those arrested for fighting or of them departed, most of the huts have been drunkenness. Further lists were provided by dismantled and sold off. Only the remains the Anglo-German Family History Society from of the buildings, together with photographs copies of correspondence held by members. and written accounts allow visitors to imagine how this bleak and windy hillside would have Digging deeper looked at its peak. And so the list of Stobs people grew. From But what is a place without its people? Who there, Jared and the BFHS volunteers began were they? And who were their families? There building up biographies of these men and are no comprehensive lists of Stobs residents, yes, they were all men. Standard genealogical so where should we start? The centenary of the sources, such as military records, census end of the First World War was approaching returns and civil registrations of birth, marriage and gave a focus to our research. Between and death provided a basic outline of key life 1914 and 1918 Stobs housed soldiers, civilian events. As many of the men were not British- internees and prisoners of war. born, finding them was quite a challenge.

SPRING 2020 – 21 features

But it was when I went further back to 1891 that my research started to go down a different path. In this census he was recorded as a Professor of Theology. As a young man of just 25 years old this seemed an extraordinary achievement. I needed to dig deeper. I knew from the Mill Hill archivist that the Mill Hill Dignitaries at the unveiling of the re-instated Stobs Memorial, Armistice Centenary, Missionaries were founded 11th November 2018 © Stobs Camp Project by Father (later Cardinal) Herbert Vaughan in 1866 as One unexpected, but very to Stobs from 7 November a society to send missionaries rich, source of information 1915, and this was my abroad. In 1871 Father was found in the London starting point. However the Vaughan invited Dutch Metropolitan Archives. marriage registers of SS Mary seminaries to recruit students I came across registers and David’s Roman Catholic interested in becoming foreign created by the Wandsworth, Church show that he was in missionaries. At the age Shoreditch and Poplar Board Hawick before this date, as he of twenty, in about 1884, of Guardians recording Poor baptised George Albert Pollet, Christian was accepted as a Law relief given to the wives the son of Belgian refugees candidate and moved to St. and children of interned Rene and Elizabeth Polleton, Joseph’s College. After three enemy aliens. These registers 29 June 1915. years of theological studies, provided details of wives’ Working backwards to he was ordained a priest on maiden names, children’s the 1911 census I found September 24 1887. names and dates of birth, Father van den Biesen listed addresses, nationality of the An online search revealed as a Roman Catholic Priest that Father van den Biesen’s husband, together with his living as the warden of works on Hebrew syntax and name, place of internment Cloakham House, Axminster. grammar are still in print and details of any transfers. His nationality was recorded today. Truly a remarkable They also recorded how as Dutch. In the 1901 theological scholar, but why much the women received. census, he was listed at St was he at Stobs? To find out I A woman with two children Joseph’s College, Mill Hill, searched for more information averaged 15 shillings a Hendon, and this was the big on Herbert Vaughan and week – the equivalent of breakthrough in my research. found three books, all of approximately £44 now. Up until then I had not been which included references to Case study entirely certain that I had Father van den Biesen (see the right man, as I could side panel). Of all the men I have see no connection to Stobs. One of these books was the researched, perhaps the I emailed the archivist at biography of Baron Frederick one that I have found most Mill Hill Missionaries, who von Hugel, a leading member compelling has been the confirmed that Father van den of a group of Catholic Catholic priest who served at Biesen held a bank account religious scholars involved Stobs, Christian Joseph Jacob at Hawick between 1921 and in a controversy known as van den Biesen. 1938 and he provided me Modernism that disrupted the The Scotsman newspaper with a photograph taken at his Catholic Church around the reported the appointment ordination. I now knew I was end of the 19th century. After of Father C van den Biesen researching the right man. being introduced by Father

22 – ISSUE 37 Vaughan in 1892, Father van in the camp on Sunday 11th den Biesen and von Hugel November 2018. The original became friends. had been built by internees Cardinal Vaughan died on and inscribed “For our 19 June 1903. Father van den comrades so far from home”. Biesen was with him and gave At the ceremony I listened him final absolution. Also in as Colonel Jean-Bernard 1903 Pope Pius X actively Lacroix, Minister and Security condemned Modernism as Co-ordinator at the German subversive. Consequently, Embassy read out the names Father van den Biesen’s of the dead and thought of friendship with Baron von the men I had researched. Hugel became the subject Ordination photo Christian van den Biesen Had Father van den Biesen of disapproval. A Modernist © Mill Hill Missionaries attended these funerals? Were book (Simples Reflexions sur the men who died here known retirement at Freshfields, le Decret du Saint-Office, to “my”men? These “enemy Liverpool he often spoke Lamentabili Sane Exitu, Et aliens” had lives and families, sur l’Encyclique, Pascendi with the rector, Rev Michael just as our British soldiers Dominici Gregis by Albert Fox, and with his great friend did. It was a privilege and Loisy) sent to him by von Brother Christopher, but never an honour to be part of their Hugel around this time was mentioned his scholarship commemoration. returned by the seminary. or Baron von Hugel. He had And finally, I am pleased made a complete break with to report that the Stobs In 1909, Father van den that period of his life and Biesen was dismissed from Camp ‘family’ have destroyed all his writings. He again commemorated the his post in what von Hugel died on 17 November 1951 described as ‘another dead at the memorial on in Freshfields. modernist purge’ and was Remembrance Sunday 2019. I believe this has now become put in charge of the Foreign Next steps Missionary Society Sanatorium a part of our commemoration in Devon. In the St. Joseph’s Researching Stobs people has tradition here in Hawick. Society Directory of 1910, been fascinating, challenging Wendy Tait Mayfield Father van den Biesen is listed and absorbing. Whenever I as among the ‘retired, sick or am at the site I am able to on leave’. Between 1912 and imagine real people, with Find out more 1914 he served in the Holy names and histories, all www.stobscamp.org/irc/ Family Parish at Honiton in around me. But we haven’t Devon. finished yet. In fact, we have Barmann, Lawrence F. (1972) Unfortunately, I have been hardly started. The next stage Baron Friedrich Von Hügel and unable to establish exactly is to transcribe thousands the Modernist Crisis in England when he arrived at and left of Red Cross internment Kurtz, Lester R. (1986) The Stobs. Cardinal Vaughan’s records into a searchable Politics of Heresy: The Modernist biographer does not mention database, managed by the Crisis in Roman Catholicism his time there. Neither the St. newly opened Internment Joseph’s Society Log Book Research Centre, at Hawick O’Neil, Robert (1997) Cardinal nor Father van den Biesen’s Heritage Hub. This will make Herbert Vaughan: Archbishop personal file mention his records searchable to other of Westminster, Bishop of service to the internees at researchers worldwide. Salford, founder of the Mill Hill Stobs Camp. The highlight of the Missionaries Father van den Biesen Stobs project for me was never returned to biblical the unveiling of reinstated scholarship. During his memorial to those who died

SPRING 2020 – 23 features Helping with History in the Scottish Borders

The Ballingall family, Bowden area, Roxburghshire © Heritage Hub he Scottish Borders Archives and Local For the Scottish knitwear industry typically History Centre (the Heritage Hub) the Hub holds corporate, marketing and Toperates primarily as a centre for what photographic records or pattern books but might be called ‘self-directed’ research. for Peter Scott & Co. we have individuals’ Because archival research is complex and personnel cards from the 1880s. We are in many cases unfamiliar to enquirers starting to get enquiries about those. the commonest task is to advise what There is a steady stream of requests for documents are available to answer each vehicle registration records. The Heritage enquiry. Hub holds the Roxburghshire registration Beyond this the Hub’s two most records, 1903–1930 and Selkirkshire, frequent lines of enquiry are genealogical 1925–1957. These are a valuable resource questions and requests for information to those with a specialist interest in this from the Scottish rating revaluation subject. of 1985. The Heritage Hub is now a ScotlandsPeople Centre so in most Place-based enquiries are a regular cases we refer genealogical enquirers theme. Sometimes we are asked to help to the comprehensive resources of with identifying locations. Often historic ScotlandsPeople. We occasionally check an documents use places well known to item or undertake paid researches but family contemporaries but obscure today – history is now overwhelmingly a self-service Jovial Jenny’s, Jerusalem Height and model. Greendemains for example, all in the Selkirk The Heritage Hub has two particular area. When we find these locations they collection strengths, in rugby (based are added to our systems so that then can largely on the Bill McLaren archive) and readily be found again for future enquirers. textiles. Inevitably this leads to enquiries in There is steady interest in built heritage. these areas, the rugby archives focussed We have had enquiries about Elliot’s Mill on players, match scores and pictures. (also known as Tower Mill and Heart of

24 – ISSUE 37 One of the many historic maps that we hold – a map of Wilton Common made for a legal dispute in 1764 © Heritage Hub

SPRING 2020 – 25 features

Another request was for help with finding copies of J M Barrie’s speeches for the opening of a bazaar in aid of Queen Mary’s House and when presented with the Freedom of the Burgh of Jedburgh – both found in the Jedburgh Gazette of 1928. Often the Hub is simply asked to help solve problems. A diary of Dr John Stewart Muir of Selkirk (which we blog each day 100 years on) included references to a man called ‘Hot Pipes’ Turnbull, a Lieutenant Colonel based at the time in India. An enquirer wished to know who he was. Using ScotlandsPeople, online resources and some lateral thinking we were able to advise that he was Thomas Eyre Turnbull (1862–1927), The cover of ‘Pesco in the Field of Sport’, Spring & Summer 1922, illustrated by Tom soldier and part-owner of Curr © Heritage Hub Abbeyhill Foundry not far Hawick) and its undershot and the First World War from Waverley Station at waterwheel and about the roll of honour of Peter Scott Edinburgh. covering of the river Slitrig & Co. Ltd., Hawick. This It is clear that talks and between there and the information is to be included displays that we put on lead Heritage Hub; in both cases in a book to be published to enquiries. A year or two we have plans. this year. back we held a seminar It is impossible to generalise about the remainder of our enquiries. Recently we have helped an academic researcher find records of Thomas ‘Tom’ Curr (1887–1958), a commercial artist. It turned out that the Hub holds work by him including Sunday School posters, the cover of ‘Pesco in the Field of Sport’, Spring & Summer 1922 Extract from a map of Lanton Mill © Heritage Hub

which included a talk on cookery books. Crescent. This eventually became Queen Following that we were asked about a Margaret University. Mrs Brown at Philiphaugh (Selkirk) whose No doubt demands on the Heritage Hub daughter was studying Domestic economy at will change. As an Internment Research ‘Atholl Crescent’. With our help the enquirer Centre we are now getting more enquiries found out that this was the Edinburgh about POW and internment camps. School of Cookery, established in 1875 and Research interests are always changing. at Shandwick Place from 1877. In 1891 Whatever comes in though, we’re happy to the School moved to Atholl Crescent in try to help. Edinburgh and over the next fifty years or so Paul Brough, Archive Manager, Heritage gradually extended its premises along the Hub Not Murder but Judicial Execution ew member Lizzie Cory-Lopez has rightly the case with her unfortunate secretary, David picked us up on a factual inaccuracy Rizzio. Also saying that she was murdered Nregarding the demise of Mary Queen robs her of her agency as a person and simply of Scots which we included on page 11 of carries on the idea that she was some sort of the Archaeology Scotland Annual Report. romantic victim.’ This stated that the outcome of the Battle of And the great majority of historians would Langside in 1568 ‘led to the exile and murder agree with this statement – murder it was of Mary Queen of Scots’ (died 1587). not. There is some question of course as Ms Cory-Lopez contacted Archaeology to the extent to which Queen Elizabeth I Scotland stating that Mary ‘was executed was conflicted in signing her cousin’s death after a legal process valid in the political and warrant, but sign it she did. judicial place in which she had found herself. Archaeology Scotland is most grateful to Murder implies that someone might have Ms Cory-Lopez for bringing this error to our simply put something nasty in her breakfast, attention, and we hope this response gives or that assassins leapt out upon her, as was clarity and correction to the matter.

SPRING 2020 – 27 people 60-second Interview Audrey Wilson, Community Engagement Officer, Scottish Council on Archives

oday, Archaeology Scotland is survey clearly showed a desire for training talking to Audrey Wilson, Community in basic conservation, cataloguing and TEngagement Officer with the Scottish digital preservation. In partnership with the Council on Archives. National Records of Scotland we delivered a training day to give general advice to What does the Scottish Council on Archives local community and heritage groups. This do? free event, ‘sold out’ on Eventbrite after a few days and generated a lot of positive We are a small team, mainly supporting feedback, highlighting the demand for this archives and records managers across type of informal training. So, we thought Scotland, but we don’t exclude anyone here how best to deliver this to community groups at SCA - it’s just with being relatively small based throughout Scotland. we can’t do more. Community archives is a fairly new role at SCA and is something We initially had in mind five destinations that is part of a much bigger picture that – Aberdeen, Hawick, Inverness, Oban and spans all sorts of records that help us Stornoway – and to help us finance this we understand ourselves and where we live. fortunately received a grant from Historic We want to give a voice to archivists and Environment Scotland. As word got out record managers, who look after things like about the Archive Tour, we were approached school records and charity records, as well by Perth & Kinross and Fife local authority as advising community groups and local archivists to include them on the tour as they societies who may have very important have thriving local networks of community archives and records. Sometimes when you groups with archives keen to learn more. It’s talk about archives, people think it’s dusty important to work with the local authority old papers, but it’s actually lots of different archivist as they are more likely to know the things that are important for communities community and heritage groups in their area including oral history and Gaelic culture, for and provide a successful training day where example, and if voluntary groups don’t look people can ask lots of questions, such as, ‘I after them, then they are lost forever. have a collection of photographs, what do I do with it?’; ‘Can I digitise letters and put Tell us a bit about your role as Community them on the internet?’; ‘What about GDPR Engagement Officer legislation?’; ‘Where do I store and back up my digital records?’ This is a new role aimed at finding out One of the key factors in the success of who is out there and what they have. these roadshows was having a local records What’s nice is that we are focussing on manager come along and talk about archives, specifically. My background is in what they do. We also invited other local paper conservation, so I can relate to the professionals to speak and in Aberdeen, importance of preserving the past as well as for example, we had a conservator from looking after the present and future records Marischal College and data protection for the next generation. officer from the University of Aberdeen. It One of my first tasks in the job was to allows the people attending our events to carry out a survey of community groups both contact us directly and also have faces and find out who is out there and what and email addresses of local experts too. archives they have. The results of the Our partnership with the National Records

28 – ISSUE 37 60-second Interview Audrey Wilson, Community Engagement Officer, Scottish Council on Archives

of Scotland, who are specialists in things like GDPR and Digital Preservation, was also really important. We are off to Stornoway at the end of March on the last leg of the Community Archive workshop tour which has, so far been to Inverness, Aberdeen, Hawick Perth and Oban. Please join us, all welcome!

What are you trying to achieve through community engagement? The archive tour is brilliant but it’s not the whole picture. A community group could be interested in religion, politics, sporting history or LGBT history and we want to encourage groups to do more through learning from one-another. We are keen to facilitate this collaboration and partnership. For example, we will be doing a training day, Care for Community Archives: Sound be great to create a community archives and Moving Image with the National Library network where SCA is a facilitator bringing of Scotland at Kelvin Hall in Glasgow. A mix in expert advice and helping groups help of experts and case studies from Shetland, each other to look after their archive Gairloch and Glasgow. We are interested in material. developing new audiences for archives and This year is, of course, is the 700th one good way to do that is through film and anniversary of the signing of the Declaration oral history. Our film ‘Why Archives Matter’ of Arbroath. If you have anything relating to recently won best film at the International identity or what defines you or your group, Council of Archives Conference in Adelaide. documents that have been instrumental to It has been watched by thousands and the development of your locality, we would hopefully inspired a few folk to think about be interested to hear from you. their own archives. I’m very concerned about the future as I’m already seeing groups disappearing and archives being Find out more lost. The vulnerability of community archives Visit the Scottish Council on Archives is a worry, which is why bringing networks website: together and encouraging people to share case studies is important. www.scottisharchives.org.uk For information on Declaration of Arbroath How do we find out more about SCA? Anniversary Events at the NRS: Membership is free! We have a brilliant www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/visit-us/ website and quarterly e-magazine, events-talks-and-visits Broadsheet. If you have an event, tell us and we can put it on our website. It would

SPRING 2020 – 29 books New Books Genealogy and Graveyard Studies

Despite its Union with England and Wales in 1707, Scotland remained virtually independent from its partners in many ways, retaining its own legal system, its own state church, and its own education system. In Tracing Scottish Ancestry Through Church and State Records, genealogist Chris Paton examines the most common records used by family historians in Scotland, ranging from the vital records kept by the state and the various churches, the decennial censuses, tax records, registers of land ownership and inheritance, and records of law and order. Through precepts of clare constat and ultimus haeres records, feudalism and udal tenure, to irregular marriages, penny weddings and records of sequestration, Chris Paton expertly explores the unique concepts and language within many Scottish records that are simply not found elsewhere within the British Isles. He details their purpose and the information recorded, the legal basis by which they were created, and where to find them both online and within Scotland’s many archives and institutions. Pen and Sword Family History 2019 Paperback, 162 pages, £14.99 ISBN 978-1526768421 When Greyfriars Graveyard opened in Edinburgh in the 16th century, built on the site of a Franciscan monastery on the edge of the Old Town below the castle, it became Edinburgh’s most important burial site. Over the centuries many of Edinburgh’s leading figures have been buried at Greyfriars, alongside many more ordinary folk, and it is home to a spectacular collection of post-Reformation monuments. In this book local historian Charlotte Golledge takes the reader on a tour around Greyfriars Graveyard to reveal the history of the cemetery, from when James I granted the land as a monastery to the present day. She explores the huge variety of its monuments and gravestones and explains the symbolism behind the stones and carvings and how the styles changed over the years. Through this she paints a remarkable picture of life and death in Edinburgh over the centuries, which will appeal to both residents and visitors to the Scottish capital. Amberley Publishing 2018 Paperback, 96 pages, £14.99 ISBN 978-1445688183

30 – ISSUE 37 Review Digging into Stirling’s Past Uncovering the secrets of Scotland’s smallest city by Murray Cook Extremis Publishing 2019 Paperback, 196 pages, £9.99 ISBN: 978-0995589797

s archaeologists, communicating the interest and importance of our Apast to everyone has always been learn more. Beginning with a short pithy one of our greatest challenges. Helped by introduction to the geology of the area, the enormous success of television’s ‘Time the book then takes the reader on a tour Team’ and other more recent programmes, through time, highlighting places capable of archaeology for most people is no longer sparking interest, curiosity and on occasion seen as some strange, arcane, costly way of useful for sating hunger and thirst! stopping new development. Murray Cook’s This charming book is very much designed book takes on a large challenge, how to as a handy ready reference to its subject take the reader through several thousand area and will serve as an active and useful years of the history of the burgh of Stirling guide to anyone who wants take it with them and its surrounding area without boring to follow Murray’s chosen route around the them and at the same time introducing town and district. Having spent much of my them to items and places of interest. On the time in Stirling climbing in and out of muddy whole I think that it achieves its aim by using trenches this book makes me want to take a well-illustrated text that employs humour the opportunity to visit and explore much and stories of memorable people and events more. I highly recommend it to all readers to help the reader to appreciate the various whatever their interest and hope that it sites and buildings that are described. might spark a trend for more books like it to Early on in the book Murray tells the reader introduce people to the history of Scotland’s that he has concentrated on his personal marvellous varieties of towns and their place favourites and points them the way of more in the 21st century. detailed narratives, should they wish to Review by Derek Hall

SPRING 2020 – 31 Save the date!

Galloway 15th–18th May 2020

Summer School The Archaeology Scotland Summer School will be held over the weekend of the 15th to the 18th May 2020. The annual excursions and talks will be based at Gatehouse of Fleet and expert-led site visits will radiate out from there. Booking forms and more information will be sent out to members Mike & Kirsty Grundy CC BY-SA 2.0 soon, so hold those dates! We will be based at Cally Palace Hotel in Gatehouse of Fleet

Mote of Urr. Photo by Chris Andrews CC BY-SA 2.0