KnowBorders: Scottish Borders Community Planning Partnership 2016 Strategic Assessment: Berwickshire Extract
Version Control
No. Action Start Date Complete Date Result
1 Berwickshire SA based on full 01/07/2016 18/08/2016 SA2016- SA2016 Berwickshire – V1
Contact details for Strategic Assessment 2016: Strategic Policy Unit Scottish Borders Council Email: [email protected] Tel: 01835 824000
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...... 3 Introduction and Summary of Key Findings – Berwickshire Extract ...... 4 Strategic Assessment 2016 Development ...... 6 Berwickshire: Area Profile ...... 7 Summary of Population Trends ...... 7 Population ...... 8 Life Expectancy ...... 17 Migration, Ethnicity and National Identity ...... 22 Household Profile ...... 26 Scottish Borders and the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) ...... 31 Economy and Income ...... 37 Town Centre Retail Activity ...... 37 Economic Inequalities ...... 43 Education and Learning ...... 50 School Leavers ...... 50 Life Stages / Health and Wellbeing...... 52 Maternity / Early Years ...... 52 Children ...... 55 Adults ...... 57 Older People ...... 62 Substance Use ...... 63 Mental Health ...... 65 Physical Activity ...... 68 Reducing Risk ...... 69 Community and Environment ...... 71 Community Safety ...... 71 Built and Physical Environment ...... 76 Environmental Impact ...... 78 Community Support and Community Resilience ...... 81 Cultural Activity ...... 84 Physical and Digital Access ...... 85 Public Services ...... 87 Public Priorities ...... 87 Satisfaction with Public Services ...... 88 Influence / involvement in public sector ...... 89
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 3 Introduction and Summary of Key Findings – Berwickshire Extract
This document is an extract from “Know Borders: Strategic Assessment 2016” for the Berwickshire locality1. It highlights information related to the Berwickshire locality along the themes used in the overall strategic assessment: demographic profile, economy and income, education and learning, life stages / health and wellbeing, community and environment and public services. Note that locality extracts only contain information available at locality level; as a result, information related to the whole of the Scottish Borders is in the full strategic assessment. Below is a summary of the key findings related to the Berwickshire locality. Demographic Profile Berwickshire has the most isolated populations of the five localities, with the highest proportions of children and working-age people living outside settlements of over 500 people. The population of Berwickshire has been slowly increasing, but unevenly. The number of children in Berwickshire has been decreasing and the number of pensioners has increased at the second-highest rate out of the 5 localities.
Economy and Income Between 2012 and 2015, the town centre footfall has remained stable for both Duns and Eyemouth. In summer 2015, Eyemouth had the lowest retail vacancy rate of the Berwickshire towns at 7%. The Berwickshire area has a lower claimant count rate2 compared to the Scottish Borders. More people in Berwickshire would like to have more ‘Assistance with starting up your own business’ compared to the Scottish Borders. In Berwickshire, 10.4% of the population is classified as income deprived higher that the Scottish Borders (10.1%) and Scotland (13.2%). In Berwickshire, 11.4% of children live in poverty, slightly above the Scottish Borders (10.9%) but lower compared to Scotland (15.3%).
Education and Learning Within Berwickshire, the proportion of school leavers at a positive destination at 6 months ranges from 82.1% in Eyemouth to 100.0% for Berwickshire Central.
Life Stages / Health and Wellbeing More mothers smoke during pregnancy in the Berwickshire locality compared to Scotland. In Berwickshire, 30.5% of babies were exclusively breastfed at 6-8 weeks, below the Scottish Borders (32.5%) but slightly above Scotland (26.5%). In Berwickshire, 57.5% of P1 pupils have “no obvious dental decay”, above the Scottish Borders (51.6%) and Scotland (47.7%). In Berwickshire, 13.2% of P1 pupils were obese, above the Scottish Borders (9.1%) and Scotland (10.0%). Berwickshire has the highest rate of new cancer diagnosis compared the other Scottish Borders localities but the lowest rate of early deaths from cancer compared the other Scottish Borders localities and Scotland. The Berwickshire locality had the lowest levels of suicide within the Scottish Borders. 30% of adults in Berwickshire exercise daily similar to the Scottish Borders.
1 https://www.scotborders.gov.uk/downloads/file/2246/strategic_assessment_2016 2 Claimant count = Job Seekers Allowance and unemployment related Universal Credit. SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 4 Community and Environment “Rubbish and litter lying around” was a more common neighbourhood problem for people of the Berwickshire area compared to the Scottish Borders. Berwickshire had the lowest proportion of people who felt unsafe in their local area, 8.1% compared to 12.5% for the Scottish Borders. Berwickshire had the lowest proportion of people who witnessed or experienced anti-social behaviour, 13.7% compared to 20.8% for the Scottish Borders. Compared to the Scottish Borders, Berwickshire had higher rates of Rape, Housebreaking (Dwelling), Fire-raising, and Theft of Motor Vehicle. Compared to the Scottish Borders the Berwickshire area has a higher rates of ‘over 75 falls’ and ‘fires in homes’. 28.6% of the adults in Berwickshire are involved in voluntary work. Over 600 people have signed up for “SBAlert”3 in Berwickshire. 20.5% of Berwickshire reported public transport as an accessibility issue compared to 16.6% for Scottish Borders. Slightly more people in the Berwickshire locality do not use internet or email 15.2% compared to Scottish Borders 14.9%.
Public Services People in the Berwickshire locality place a higher priority on ‘Providing sustainable transport links including demand responsive transport’ and improving mobile and broadband coverage in the to be a top 5 priorities compared to the Scottish Borders. Berwickshire had the highest level of satisfaction with opportunities to participate in the local decision making process provided by Scottish Borders Council, 42.5% compared to 38.2% for Scottish Borders.
3 http://www.sbalert.co.uk/ SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 5
Strategic Assessment 2016 Development Know Borders: Strategic Assessment 2016 provides the Scottish Borders Community Planning Partnership an opportunity to evaluate how the Scottish Borders is meeting the 16 National Outcomes and identify the priorities for the Scottish Borders’s Local Outcome Improvement Plan (LOIP) and Locality Plans. For each theme (Economy and Income, Education and Learning, Life Stages / Health and Wellbeing, Community and Environment, and Public Services), accommodating the 16 national outcomes, the national and local drivers have been identified as has evidence to show how the Scottish Borders is contributing to the national outcomes. The table below show the themes and the associated national outcomes.
Theme No. National Outcome Description Demographic and 0 Population and Household Profile with Deprivation 'baseline' SIMD2012 Household Profile We live in a Scotland that is the most attractive place to do business in 1 Europe Economy and Income We realise our full economic potential with more and better employment 2 opportunities for our people We are better educated, more skilled and more successful, renowned for 3 Education and our research and innovation Learning Our young people are successful learners, confident individuals, effective 4 contributors and responsible citizens 5 Our children have the best start in life and are ready to succeed 6 We live longer, healthier lives Life Stages / Health 7 We have tackled the significant inequalities in Scottish society and Wellbeing 8 We have improved the life chances for young people and families at risk Our people are able to maintain their independence as they get older and 15 are able to access appropriate support when they need it 9 We live our lives safe from crime, disorder and danger We live in well-designed, sustainable places where we are able to access 10 amenities and services we need We have strong, resilient and supportive communities where people take 11 Community and responsibility for their own actions and how they affect others Environment We value and enjoy our built and natural environment and protect and 12 enhance it for future generations 13 We take pride in a strong, fair and inclusive national identity (Local identity) We reduce the local and global environmental impact of our consumption 14 and production Our public services are high quality, continually improving, efficient and Public Services 16 responsive to local people's needs
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Berwickshire: Area Profile
Summary of Population Trends
Berwickshire has the most isolated populations of the five localities, with the highest proportions of children and working-age people living outside settlements of over 500 people. There are noticeable dips and peaks in the Berwickshire population as young, working-age adults leave the locality to find work and older people come into the locality to retire. Coldstream has the lowest proportion of working-age people, the second lowest proportion of children and the second highest proportion of pensioners of any Scottish Borders settlement with a population over 500 The datazone with the lowest proportion of children in Scottish Borders is Birgham and Ladykirk in Berwickshire The population of Berwickshire has been slowly increasing, but unevenly. The number of children in Berwickshire has been decreasing and the number of pensioners has increased at the second-highest rate out of the 5 localities. Small-scale local housebuilding has been an important agent of population change in the more isolated parts of Berwickshire. The populations of all the Berwickshire “500+” towns have either declined or remained stable. The population of Berwickshire is expected to decrease over the next 25 years, particularly in the Mid Berwickshire ward. Despite a sustainable number of births in the locality, the biggest population losses over the next 25 years are projected to be in the number of children and working-age people in Mid Berwickshire, as the average age of the population continues to rise. Both Mid Berwickshire and East Berwickshire are projected to see a large increase in the numbers of pensioners over the next 25 years as death rates decrease. As a Border locality, Berwickshire has a stronger Anglo-Scottish identity than other parts of Scotland. Berwickshire has less ethnic diversity than the Scottish Borders average but small pockets of economic migration are evident in its Census profile, particularly of Polish communities. Berwickshire’s household structures reflect its older age profile with more married couples, divorced or widowed people and households aged over 65. Berwickshire has more households who own their properties outright and a slightly higher share of tied properties than average Berwickshire’s isolation means it has the least access to mains gas and the highest dependency on private transport of the 5 localities. Eyemouth is the only town in Berwickshire with higher than average Multiple Deprivation
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Population
Berwickshire locality is the middle-sized locality out of the five Scottish Borders localities, in terms of land area, population and population density. It is the most rural of the five localities with a relatively large proportion of the population living in small villages and isolated settlements.
Berwickshire Factfile Measure Berwickshire Scottish Borders Land Area, Hectares 92,020 473,614 2014 Population (Datazone-based SAPE MYEs)* 20,657 114,030 Average population density (persons per hectare) 0.22 0.24 % of the population living outside settlements of 500+ 45.3% 27.4% *2014 MYE population estimates are based on a best-fit analysis of 2011 Datazones: these are the most up-to-date figures available but due to boundary variations, totals may differ slightly from the 2011 Census.
Berwickshire Settlements with a 2014 estimated population of over 500
Settlement 2014 MYE population* Eyemouth 3,540 Duns 2,722 Coldstream 1,867 Chirnside 1,426 Greenlaw 629 Ayton 573 Coldingham 549
Berwickshire Population Summary by Age Group (2014 Mid-year Estimates)
Numbers and Proportions of children aged 0-15 in Berwickshire communities
Indicator Berwickshire Scottish Borders Number of children 3,274 19,070 Percentage of population who are children 15.1% 16.7% Proportion of area’s children in settlements of 500+ pop 58.0% 74.2% Proportion of area’s children outside settlements of 500+ pop 42.0% 25.8% Average annual % change in number of children, 2001-14 -1.0% pa -0.4% pa Average percentage change in number of children, 2004-14 -7.4% -5%
The 3,274 children in Berwickshire make up 15.1% of the population, which the second lowest proportion out of the 5 localities, after Cheviot. In Scottish Borders as a whole, three quarters of the region’s children live in larger villages and towns but in Berwickshire, 42% of the locality’s children live in isolated settlements of under 500 people - this is by far the highest proportion out of the five localities.
Differences in the proportions of children within the locality are more noticeable at a community (datazone) level of detail. Coldstream has an ageing population where only 13% of the population is aged 0-15 – this is the second-lowest proportion of any 500+ settlement in Scottish Borders, after Yetholm. Very low proportions of children are even more evident in several of the more isolated settlements under 500
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 8 people. The Birgham and Ladykirk datazone has a dwindling and ageing population where only 9.2% is made up of children – this is the smallest proportion out of any community in Scottish Borders. The 500+ settlement with the highest proportion of children in Berwickshire is Chirnside, at 19.7%. Out of the two main towns, Eyemouth has a higher proportion of children than Duns and the Scottish Borders average, with Duns falling below average for Scottish Borders. Proportions of children are also much higher than average in the small settlements of Westruther and Polwarth (20.4%), whose datazone has the youngest population structure in Berwickshire.
Reflecting the Scottish and Scottish Borders patterns, the number of children has been slowly shrinking in Berwickshire since 2001. The proportion of children has shrunk by 7.4% since 2004, which is a faster rate of loss than the Scottish Borders average.
Numbers and Proportions of Working-age People Aged 16-64 in Berwickshire communities
Indicator Berwickshire Scottish Borders Number of people who are working-age 12,270 68,629 Percentage of population who are Working-age 60.4% 60.2% Proportion of area’s working-age people in Settlements of 500+ 53.2% 72.2% people Percentage of Working-age people Outside Settlements over 500 46.8% 27.8% population Average annual % change in number of working-age, 2001-14 0.5% 0.4% increase p.a. increase p.a. Average percentage change in number of working-age, 2004-14 4.8% 2.4% increase increase
There were an estimated 12,270 working-age people in Berwickshire locality in 2014, making up 60.4% of the population. This is around the Scottish Borders average, which is itself close to the Scottish average. Around three quarters of working-age people in Scottish Borders live in settlements larger than 500 people, but in Berwickshire just over half do, which is the smallest proportion out of the five localities. This means that economically active working-age people in Berwickshire face more challenges accessing work, necessitating longer car journeys or better internet access. Although the proportions of working-age people vary little between the five localities, there are differences within the localities at datazone or settlement level. Most of the settlements in Berwickshire are around or above the locality average but, again, Coldstream stands alone with only 52.9% of its population being working-age. The highest proportions of working-age people are in the more isolated communities: 64.5% of the population is working-age in Cockburnspath and surrounding area. Levels are below average in the main towns of Eyemouth and Duns. Scottish Borders faces continued challenges with working-age people migrating out of the area to find employment, so raising the proportion of working-age people in the locality is an indication of wellbeing towards maintaining the vibrancy and future survival of local communities. There are positive signs in Berwickshire that numbers of working-age people are increasing. Numbers have been increasing by an above-average trickle of 0.5% per annum since 2001 which amounts to a 4.8% increase since 2004. This is larger than the Scottish Borders average increase but still lags behind the Scottish average rate of increase of working-age people.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 9 Numbers and Proportions of Pensionable-age People Aged 65 Plus in Berwickshire communities The pensionable age is understood to be 65 for statistical comparison purposes, although the actual pensionable age is changing and varies by gender, as well as varying a great deal by personal choices and circumstances. Indicator Berwickshire Scottish Borders Number of people who are Pensionable-age, 2014 5,125 26,331 Percentage of the population who are Pensionable Age 24.5% 23.1% Proportion of the area’s pensioners in settlements of 500+ people 56.2% 72.6% Proportion of the area’s pensioners in settlements under 500 people 43.8% 27.4%
Average annual % change in number of pensioners, 2001-13* 1.9% 1.6% increase p.a. increase p.a.
Average percentage change in number of pensioners, 2003-13* 22.5% p.a. 18.2% increase *2013 figures are used in the last two indicators in this section due to a time-series quality control issue with the 2014 dataset. This only affects changes in numbers of pensioners at locality level between 2013 and 2014.
Scottish Borders has an ageing population and Berwickshire has an above-average proportion of pensioners. 5,125 people, or 24.5% of the population of Berwickshire, are aged 65 plus. Almost hree quarters of pensioners in Scottish Borders live in larger villages and towns of 500 or more people, but in Berwickshire, only just over half do. This means that Berwickshire has a relatively high proportion of potentially vulnerable elderly people who live in isolated small villages that are poorly served by local services and public transport.
The uneven distribution of older people in the locality is more pronounced at a datazone/ settlement level of detail. 34.1% of the population in Coldstream is pensionable-age which is the second-highest proportion of any community in Scottish Borders after Yetholm. Coldstream also has the lowest proportions of children and working-age people in the locality, illustrating the challenges facing some rural and ageing Scottish Borders communities. At the other end of the scale, only 19.7% of the population of the Westruther and Polwarth datazone is pensionable-age, which is the lowest in the locality. Out of the two main towns, Eyemouth has an average proportion of older people for Scottish Borders but the proportion in Duns is above average.
Between 2001 and 2013, numbers of pensioners in Berwickshire have increased at a steady average rate of 1.9% per annum, amounting to a 22.5% increase between 2003 and 2013. This is the second largest rate of increase out of the five Scottish Borders localities, after Cheviot.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 10 Population Change in Berwickshire
The population of Berwickshire is increasing at an average rate of 0.4% per annum, based on the trend since the 2001 Census. This is around the Scottish Borders (0.5% p.a.) and Scottish (0.4% p.a.) averages.
In the past 10 years (from 2004 to 2014), the rate of population change in Scotland and Scottish Borders has fluctuated, and the pattern in Berwickshire reflects some of these changes. Overall, the population of Berwickshire has increased by 3.4%, which is below the Scottish (5.2%) and Scottish Borders (4.2%) averages and is the slowest growth rate out of the 4 localities whose population has increased (not including Teviot & Liddesdale, where the population has decreased).
Based on these trends, the population of Berwickshire would be expected to peak and trough but to continue increasing roughly at the same rate into the future, unless events or circumstances cause the situation to change.
Geographical Variations in Population Change in Berwickshire
The rate of population change varies considerably at datazone level, showing the impact a phase of new house-building can have on the population of a small area. The population of the Foulden datazone has increased, on average, by 44.4% in the past 10 years, due to the impact of small-scale residential development in a village of only 100 or so people. Similar low-impact developments in the rural environs outside the settlements of Eyemouth and Ayton have resulted in a 26.6% increase in population in this area in the past 10 years. Other rural areas such as the area around Gavinton, around Duns, Longformacus, Westruther and Polwarth have also seen a population increase. Most of the newer properties in these areas have been small-scale infill of vacant plots with low-density houses, at the upper end of the property market.
In contrast with the buoyant population of a small number of more affluent homeowners in the rural inland parts of Berwickshire, the towns in the locality have fared poorly. The biggest population loss of any settlement in Scottish Borders in the past 10 years has been in Coldingham, which has lost 19.5% of its population in this time period. Eyemouth has suffered the third biggest loss of any settlement in Scottish Borders with a decrease of 7.4%. All Berwickshire settlements of 500 or more people have seen either negligible growth or population loss in the past 10 years. Duns has shrunk by 4.5% and Ayton has lost 3.7% of its population.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 11 Age and Gender Distribution: Berwickshire and Scottish Borders In Scotland as a whole, the number of births reached a peak around 50 years ago, corresponding with the post-Second World War “baby-boom” which eventually declined in the 1970s. This generation is now reaching retiring age, leading to a large increase in the proportion of older working-age and young retiring- age people. There are significant minorities of single and widowed people, particularly women, who are surviving into extreme old age. This trend is likely to accelerate in the next two decades. The images below show the age-gender distribution of the 2014 population in Scottish Borders and Berwickshire. The Scottish Borders pattern on the left broadly reflects the Scottish pattern but with more gaps in the working-age section, representing population loss through outmigration from the region. There is a sizeable gap in both genders throughout the younger working-age population, representing those who have left in recent years, and a spike in the number of people in their mid-sixties who arrived or returned, to enjoy their retirement in the region. In Berwickshire, this effect is more exaggerated, with a deeper gap in the younger working-age population and a larger bulge in the older working-age and early retirement- age population.
Population Projections for Berwickshire Wards The overall population of Scotland is expected to increase by 8.8% between 2012 and 2037 but the overall population of Scottish Borders is not expected to change significantly in the same period. The Berwickshire locality is served by two Multi-member Wards: Mid Berwickshire and East Berwickshire. An experimental 2012-based Multi-member Ward-level population projection release by National Records of Scotland in March 2016 indicates that, despite the modest increases in Berwickshire’s population over the past 10 years, the Berwickshire wards are expected to shrink in the next 25 years. These projections are highly speculative and do not take into account any planned changes to the housing stock or the economy in the locality that have yet to be implemented. It is merely a snapshot of what is most likely to happen if the current birth rates, death rates and rates of migration continue to happen at the same rate as they have been for the past 10 years.
Projected Population 2012 – 2037: All People The modest growth has been sustained in the past decade by new developments in the more rural parts of the locality but this is no longer expected to be enough to offset losses in the Berwickshire towns going forward. East Berwickshire’s population, including the main town of Eyemouth, is expected to stabilise and
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 12 is only projected to lose 1.3% of its population but the losses are projected to be more substantial in Mid Berwickshire, which could lose 12% of its population by 2037.
Projected Population 2012 – 2037: Children
According to the experimental Sub-Regional Population Projection figures released by NRS in 2016, the population of children is projected to remain stable, with a negligible 0.6% decrease in East Berwickshire between 2012 and 2037. This shows that the Eyemouth ward will be relatively resilient to the Scottish Borders trend, where the child population is projected to shrink by 7.5% in the same period, an average loss of 0.3% per annum. However, substantial loss in the numbers of children is projected for the Mid
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 13 Berwickshire ward. Numbers of children are projected to reduce by over a third, with a loss of 36.7% of its child population at an average rate of 1.8% per annum. This projection is speculative and gives a view of what could happen if the current and past trends continue into the future.
Projected Population 2012 – 2037: Working-Age People
According to the experimental Sub-Regional Population Projection figures released by NRS in 2016, the population of working-age people is projected to decrease in Scottish Borders by 19.6% between 2012 and 2037, an average annual loss of 0.9% per annum. This trend is mirrored in both the Mid- and East- Berwickshire wards, where the projected loss is 32.7% and 24.1% respectively, or 1.6% and 1.1% per annum respectively. This means that Mid Berwickshire could lose almost a third of its working-age population by 2037. The two Wards in Berwickshire are not the worst-affected in Scottish Borders and reflect the loss of working-age people that is forecast for the region as a whole.
Projected Population 2012 – 2037: Pensionable-Age People
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According to the experimental Sub-Regional Population Projection figures released by NRS in 2016, the pensionable-age population in Scottish Borders is forecast to increase by 60.5% between 2012 and 2037, an average increase of 1.9% per annum. This means that, in this scenario, the numbers of over 65s might be more than half as great again by 2037 as they are now, which would have a considerable impact on provision of health and welfare services for older people in the region. This trend is reflected in Mid Berwickshire, which is projected to see an increase of 55.5% in its numbers of older people by 2037, an average annual increase of 1.8% per annum. East Berwickshire also typifies the trend, with a projected increase of 58.7% in its numbers of pensioners, an average annual increase of 1.9% per annum.
Births The overall Birth Rate in Scottish Borders has remained consistently below, but roughly in line with, the Scottish trend since 1991. This is because a higher proportion of the Scottish Borders population is above childbearing age than is normal for Scotland. The “Standardised” rate removes the effects of age and shows that, considering just the population which is of childbearing age, Scottish Borders actually has a higher birth rate than the Scottish average. However, the birth rate varies by locality and is currently undergoing a downward fluctuation. Birth rates are not released at locality level but the following timeline shows the crude number of births by locality between 2001 and 2014. It shows that the number of births in Berwickshire has generally risen from 151 to 176 but that the downward trend is also evident in the most recent (2013) dataset. Slightly more girls are born than boys, which is usual in a typical population distribution.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 15 Marriages and Civil Partnerships Scottish Borders has an older population structure than the Scottish average and this is reflected in the marital status of its people. In general, Scottish Borderers are more likely to be married, divorced or widowed than the Scottish average and less likely to be single. Numbers who are in a Civil Partnership are proportionate with the Scottish average. Annual information on numbers of marriages and Civil Partnerships are not publically available at Locality level from National Records of Scotland but the 2011 Census provides detailed information on family and households characteristics. As shown in the chart below, patterns of marital status in Berwickshire, like Scottish Borders, reflect its older population structure, with higher proportions of married, divorced and widowed people and lower proportions of single people.
Deaths Overall, death rates in Scotland have decreased between 1991 and 2014 as people continue to live longer, with Scottish Borders mirroring the national trend. However, the overall death rate has been consistently higher in Scottish Borders than the Scottish average due to the above-average age of the population in the region. This is particularly true for females, due to the higher numbers and proportions of older women in the population. When the Death Rate is standardised for the effects of age, the Death Rate in Scottish Borders is actually lower than average as older people are living longer now than at any time in history. Death rates are not available at Locality level but the table below shows that the crude numbers of deaths in Berwickshire mimic the Scottish Borders trend. The number of deaths is gradually decreasing but there are more female deaths than male, in proportion with the higher numbers of older women in the area.
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Life Expectancy Life Expectancy At Birth (LEB) figures are calculated by using Mid-year Estimates and Mortality data to estimate of how long, on average, a person born in a certain year would be expected to live for. They are subject to random fluctuations in the number of deaths and the age at death in any given year, which can cause an apparent “blip” in a time series trend. Also, estimates can vary depending on the section of data and the geographical level used, and also on any revisions or corrections that are occasionally made to the base data. Therefore, they are a useful summary of mortality rates and trends actually experienced over a given time period but are not “set in stone” and should not be taken too literally.
According to the most recent figures released by National Records of Scotland for 2012-14 at Scottish Borders level, female LEB (82.5 years) was higher than male LEB (79.3 years), and both were greater than the Scottish averages of 81.1 for female and 76.9 for male. Male LEB is improving more rapidly than female life expectancy at birth.
Information on LEB is normally released at Parliamentary Constituency or above. However, the datasets in the following charts were produced for the purpose of informing health inequalities, as part of the Scottish Public Health Observatory (ScotPHO) Health & Wellbeing Online Profiles Tool (OPT). Due to small numbers of cases, five years’ worth of data were taken together in order to provide a viable statistical base at an Intermediate Datazone level of detail.
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Inequalities in Male Life Expectancy Within Scottish Borders Intermediate Datazones, 2013
Within the Scottish Borders, the male life expectancy by Intermediate Zone ranges from 74.7 years and 83.6 years, a difference of 8.9 years. The chart below shows disparities in male Life Expectancy at Birth between the 29 Intermediate Datazones in Scottish Borders.
The part of the Berwickshire locality with the lowest Male Life Expectancy is Eyemouth, at 78.3 years, just above the Scottish Borders average. The highest levels of Male Life Expectancy in Scottish Borders (83.6 years) are in central Berwickshire. West Berwickshire and East Berwickshire are also well above average, whereas Coldstream and Duns are much closer to the levels of Eyemouth. This indicates a split in male life expectancy between the town and the rural parts of Berwickshire.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 18 Changes in Male Life Expectancy, Berwickshire Intermediate Datazones, 1999 – 2013
This chart shows although Male Life Expectancy At Birth (LEB) has steadily increased in Scottish Borders, it has dipped below the Scottish average in several Berwickshire Intermediate Datazones in the past 14 years. Coldstream and Area has shown the most dramatic improvement, coming from well below the Scottish average in 2001-05 to its current Scottish Borders average position. Duns also dipped well below the Scottish Average in 2005-09 but is now similarly around the Scottish Borders average. Berwickshire East has seen a less positive trend, going from a clear lead before 2007-11 to dipping down below Central and West Berwickshire in the most recent dataset.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 19 Inequalities in Female Life Expectancy, 2013, Scottish Borders Intermediate Datazones
Within the Scottish Borders, the female life expectancy by Intermediate Zone ranges from 79.1 years and 89.1 years, a difference of 10.5 years.
Female Life Expectancy in Berwickshire also shows a divide between the relatively urban and the rural Intermediate Datazones. Eyemouth and Coldstream & area show the lowest Female Life Expectancy in Berwickshire, just below the Scottish Borders average, followed by Duns, just above average. Central Berwickshire has the second best female life expectancy in the Scottish Borders and East and West Berwickshire are also well above average.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 20 Changes In Female Life Expectancy in Berwickshire, 1999 – 2013, Intermediate Datazone
This chart shows that although Female Life Expectancy At Birth (LEB) has steadily improved in Scottish Borders since 1999 – 2003, this improvement has not been experienced evenly throughout Berwickshire’s Intermediate Datazones. The biggest improvement in female LEB has been in West Berwickshire, which was well below Scottish average in 1999 – 2003 but is now second-best after Central Berwickshire. Female LEB in Coldstream and Area, like male LEB, formerly languished at levels well below Scottish average over a long period but is now almost up to the Scottish Borders average. Also, similarly to male LEB, female LEB in East Berwickshire has risen then dramatically fallen, giving it the poorest rates out of the three most-rural of the Berwickshire datazones.
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Migration, Ethnicity and National Identity Migration Information on migration is scarce and particularly difficult to measure at a sub-regional level. National Records of Scotland recorded that, on a 3-year average between 2012-14, 4,047 people per year entered the Scottish Borders and 3,845 left. This meant there was a net inflow of 202 people into Scottish Borders per year. The 16-29 age-group accounted for the largest group of movers, both in and out of the region. Ethnicity The 2011 Census shows that the population of Scottish Borders is overwhelmingly White Scottish or White Other British, with the latter (English, Welsh or Northern Irish) making up a significantly above-average 16.4% of the population. A below-average minority (3.5%) are White Non-British, and a further 1.2% are from non-White groups, again well below the Scottish average. Berwickshire has a slightly higher proportion of White Other British and a slightly lower proportion of White Non-British but is otherwise similar to the Scottish average in terms of its ethnic make-up.
Country of Birth The 2011 Census found that the Scottish Borders population’s country of birth corresponds with its ethnicity, with the vast majority of the population coming either from Scotland or England. A small but around average minority were born elsewhere in the UK and the proportion born in other EU countries is also around average. The proportion coming from outside the EU is smaller than average. The pattern within Berwickshire roughly corresponds with the Scottish Borders average, but with a slightly higher proportion of the population born in England and a slightly lower proportion born in Scotland.
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Length of Residence in UK 5,802 people in Scottish Borders households recorded in the 2011 Census that they were born outside the UK. Of these, almost half have been resident in Scottish Borders for more than 10 years, well above the Scottish average. Only around 600 have been resident in the UK for less than 2 years which is a much lower proportion than the Scottish average. This suggests that, on the whole, people who arrived in the Scottish Borders as migrants are more integrated and more likely to be long-term residents in the community than on the Scottish average. The non-UK population in the Berwickshire locality is less likely to be in very long-term residence and more likely to be in very short-term residence than the Scottish Borders average. Of the 1,071 people who were born outside the UK, 13.7% had been resident for less than 2 years which is the highest proportion out of the 5 locality areas. This reflects larger pockets of economic migration in the agricultural and food processing industries in Berwickshire than in the other localities.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 23 National Identity The findings on National Identity mirror the ethnicity of the region, with the vast majority identifying with a UK identity. A below-average proportion identified as Scottish only and an above-average proportion identified as English only. Scottish Borders has a stronger Anglo-Scottish identity than other parts of Scotland, reflecting the region’s location on the Scotland-England border. This effect is more exaggerated in Berwickshire, which has a stronger British and English identity than the Scottish average, although half of people still consider themselves to be “Scottish Only”. Despite the relatively high numbers of people who have lived in the locality for less than two years, the proportion of people in Berwickshire whose National Identity is not UK-based is exactly the same as the Scottish Borders average.
Religion Although 60% of the Scottish population in the 2011 Census regarded themselves as Christians, a higher proportion stated that they had no religion than stated they belonged to the Church Of Scotland. In Scottish Borders, this trend is reversed, with a higher proportion reporting that they belonged to Church Of Scotland than reporting to have no religion. Berwickshire has the second lowest proportion to state they have no religion of any locality, apart from Cheviot. Berwickshire has the highest proportion of “Other Christians” (such as Church of England, Baptist etc) out of the five localities, reflecting the population from outwith Scotland in the area. In common with the Scottish Borders average, Berwickshire has a lower proportion of Roman Catholics and a higher proportion of Church of Scotland followers than the Scottish average. Other religions such as Muslim, Buddhist and Jewish are very much in the minority and Sikhs and Hindus were not represented at all. This reflects the Anglo-Scottish ethnic, religious and secular diversity in the region rather than its multicultural attributes, particularly in the Berwickshire locality.
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Use of English and Scottish languages The vast majority of people aged 3 and over in Scottish Borders recorded in the 2011 Census that they spoke English very well. Around 1,246 people recorded little or no proficiency in English; nevertheless, Scottish Borders has lower proportions of non-English speakers than the Scottish average and higher proportions who use only English in the home. There is some overlap in the responses between those who speak English and those who use other languages in the home, suggesting that most of those who use a language other than English in the home are still able to speak English well. Polish accounts for about a third of the speakers of languages other than English, Scots or Gaelic listed in the Census and there are 1,161 Polish speakers in Scottish Borders. 228 people use British Sign language in Scottish Borders, about 1.1% of the population, similar to the Scottish average. Berwickshire has a higher proportion of people who have little or no proficiency in English than the Scottish Borders average but this is still below the Scottish average and affects only 521 people aged 3 plus in Berwickshire. The vast majority are proficient in English and the situation in Berwickshire is otherwise very similar to the Scottish Borders average. 39 people in Berwickshire use British Sign Language, 65 speak Gaelic, 168 use Polish in the home and 530 speak a language other than English, Scots, Gaelic, BSL or Polish. Only 7 of the 65 Gaelic speakers use it in the home, suggesting that almost all are Gaelic learners rather than native speakers in the locality.
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Household Profile Household Structure The most prevalent type of household structure in Scottish Borders and Scotland recorded in the 2011 Census was the household headed by a married (or Civil Partnered) couple, followed by the one-person household of any age. However, Scottish Borders has higher proportions of households where the resident is/ all residents are aged over 65 than the Scottish average and lower proportions of single resident households aged under 65. In Berwickshire, the older and more traditional family structure is more pronounced, with higher proportions of households aged over 65 than the Scottish Borders average. Berwickshire has the highest proportion of households headed by a married couple, either with no children or all the children non- dependent, out of the 5 localities. Cheviot has the highest proportions of single-person households aged over 65 and of households of any resident number where everyone is aged over 65 of the five localities. Other family types such as cohabiting couples and lone parents are lower than the Scottish Borders average, which is lower than Scottish average.
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Household Size Scottish Borders has a slightly higher proportion of 2-person households than the Scottish average and Berwickshire has the largest proportion out of the five localities, with the locality correspondingly having amongst the lowest proportions of one person households. Berwickshire also has higher proportions of larger households than the Scottish average.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 27 Tenure of Households 61.5% of households in Scottish Borders are owner-occupiers: this is the most typical tenure type in the region, although around average for Scotland. Scottish Borders has a more active private rented sector than the Scottish average and also a higher proportion who live “rent free”, according to the 2011 Census. This may include those in tied housing, whose accommodation is provided with their job; this arrangement is typically found in the agricultural and rural estate communities that are more common in Scottish Borders than elsewhere in Scotland. Householders in Berwickshire are slightly less likely to own their homes or rent from a Housing Association than the Scottish Borders average. They are more likely to rent privately or to be living “rent free” than the Scottish Borders average and, if they are owner occupiers, they are amongst the most likely out of the five localities to own their property outright. This is the most secure tenure arrangement which reflects the higher average age of the Berwickshire householder. However, both “tied” and “private rented” tenure types tend to be less secure and offer fewer safeguards against repossession and eviction than those offered to owner-occupiers or social housing tenants.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 28 Car or Van Availability In a region where 47% of the population live in a rural community and with limited public transport, car ownership is considered a necessary for most families in Scottish Borders to access an adequate range of services for their needs. Correspondingly, the 2011 Census found that levels of car ownership in Scottish Borders were higher than the Scottish average, although not as universally high as might be expected, with 20% of households still having no access to a car or van. A further 45.3% of households in Scottish Borders have one car per household, which invariably limits access of spouses and other family members to the vehicle. This means that, despite high levels of car ownership in the region, up to 62% of households in Scottish Borders contain family members who are at least partially dependent on public transport or lift- sharing for their transport needs. Berwickshire is amongst the more rural of the five localities, in terms of the relatively high proportion of people who live in small and isolated communities and car ownership is correspondingly higher. Berwickshire has the highest proportion of households out of the 5 localities with three or more cars, reflecting a more affluent demographic in the more rural parts of the locality. Berwickshire also has the lowest proportion of households out of the five localities with no cars in the household.
Central Heating Type Although the vast majority of domestic homes in Scotland now have some form of Central Heating, the choice of fuels available to householders differs greatly between urban and rural parts of the country and can significantly affect the affordability of the household to adequately heat their home. Gas central heating is the fuel of choice for 75% of Scottish households as it is the cheapest and most convenient to run. It is generally available in urban areas but, in smaller settlements, tends to be restricted to the main streets and older parts of the settlement. In Scottish Borders, only 60% of households use mains gas, reflecting the larger proportion of households that are not on the mains gas network. For the remaining 40%, the choice is split predominantly between electric and oil-fired heating: oil, in particular, is more than twice as commonly used in Scottish Borders than elsewhere in Scotland. Electric
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 29 heating, although the cheapest to install, is the most expensive heating type to run, even on an economy tariff. A higher-than average minority of households in Scottish Borders are increasingly investing in other types of heating such as wood, biofuels and solar or wind power, sometimes in combination with more traditional fuels, in an effort to reduce their heating bills and their consumption of fossil fuels. A small minority of households in Scottish Borders have no central heating and rely on portable heaters or coal fires to heat individual rooms in their home, which is a more expensive and less adequate method of heating the house and protecting it from damp than central heating. Berwickshire is one of the more isolated rural localities in Scottish Borders and has by far the lowest proportion of properties with mains gas Central Heating, with only 44.4% of properties heated this way. It also has the highest proportion of properties with oil-fired central heating and the highest proportion of properties with no Central Heating at all, out of the 5 localities. Berwickshire householders are also the most resourceful out of the 5 localities, with the highest proportion of households who combine two or more Central Heating types in order heat their homes, reduce fuel costs and minimise their impact on the environment.
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Scottish Borders and the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD)
The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation in Scotland. The SIMD uses administrative units of geography called “datazones” as a standard measure to count the population at a neighbourhood level of detail. A datazone is a neighbourhood containing around 750 people and there is a complete network of 6,505 datazones which cover all parts of Scotland, meaning that every neighbourhood in Scotland can be measured with equal parity. 130 of these datazones are in the Scottish Borders. The datazone geography and the SIMD are in the process of being updated for 2016, so the 2012 SIMD based on the original 2001 datazones is still in current use. The 2012 SIMD collected 38 demographic indicators associated with all measurable aspects of social deprivation across 7 domains: Income Deprivation, Employment Deprivation, Health Deprivation, Education Deprivation, Geographic Access to Services Deprivation, Housing Deprivation and Deprivation Due to Crime. The data were collected, scored and combined for each domain, then the combined scores were factored down to a single weighted Overall Deprivation score. Some of the domains were comparable with previous releases of SIMD, although some were not, due to changes in methodology as the SIMD has evolved since 2002. The summarised, weighted scores for each datazone in Scotland, for Overall Deprivation and for each of the 7 domains, were then ranked between 1 and 6,505, where the most deprived datazone in Scotland is ranked 1 and the least deprived datazone is ranked 6,505. The rankings reflect only relative deprivation and the SIMD cannot be used to determine how much more deprived one data zone is than another: for example, it is not necessarily true to say that datazone X, ranked 50, is twice as deprived as data zone Y, ranked 100. The results of this process, although condensed, nevertheless yield a large quantity of data for each datazone. In order to manage this further, the rankings are grouped into fifths (quintiles), tenths (deciles) or twentieths (vigintiles) and Local Authority areas are summarised in terms of their share of the most- deprived vigintiles, deciles and quintiles (or multiples thereof) in Scotland. Using this process, the 2012 SIMD showed that the most deprived areas in Scottish Borders were still as deprived as they were in 2009, relative to the rest of Scotland. Furthermore, as other regions in Scotland succeed in decreasing inequality in their more deprived localities (particularly in Glasgow City), this had a displacement effect that can make localities in Scottish Borders appear relatively more deprived than before. As relative deprivation in other regions has decreased, relative deprivation in a number of Scottish Borders localities has shown a small increase since the SIMD started in 2002. In 2012, Scottish Borders had 5 (or 0.5%) of Scotland’s “most-deprived 15%” data zones, compared with 5 (0.5%) in 2009, 3 (0.3%) in 2006 and 2 (0.2%) in 2004. This concept of relative deprivation adds impetus for Scottish Borders to tackle deprivation and reduce inequalities with at least the same level of commitment as is being deployed in other regions. The most deprived data zone in Scottish Borders is still S01005382 (Central Burnfoot, Hawick). The other 4 “15% most deprived in Scotland” datazones in Scottish Borders are also in Burnfoot, Hawick and in Langlee, Galashiels. This is the same as SIMD 2009. The table below lists the most deprived data zones in the Scottish Borders. As a guide, datazones in Decile 1 are within the 10% most-deprived in Scotland, datazones in Vigintile 1 are within the 5% most-deprived in Scotland and datazones in vigintiles 1-3 are within the 15% most-deprived in Scotland. Most notable are
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 31 the 5 datazones in the Scottish Borders that are recognised by Scottish Government as being amongst the 15% most deprived in Scotland. These 5 datazones account for 3.2% of the Scottish Borders population. Three of the more-deprived datazones in Scottish Borders listed below are in Berwickshire and show that Eyemouth, for the most part, is considered to be within the 40% most-deprived localities in Scotland. This does not mean there is no multiple deprivation elsewhere in Berwickshire. However, the SIMD works best in urban areas where there are concentrations of people with indications of multiple deprivation. The lower housing densities in the settlements and the dispersal of the population in rural Berwickshire means that any indications of multiple deprivation can be difficult to detect.
Total Census SIMD 2012 SIMD 2012 SIMD 2012 Data Zone Data Zone Name Population : Rank - Decile - Vigintile 2011 S01005382 Hawick - Central Burnfoot* 279 1 1 834 S01005426 Galashiels - Langlee Dr* 481 1 2 769 S01005425 Galashiels - Kenilworth Ave Langlee* 487 1 2 980 S01005378 Hawick - South Burnfoot* 607 1 2 808 S01005381 Hawick - West Burnfoot* 694 2 3 641 S01005369 Hawick - Drumlanrig/ Wellogate 1012 2 4 974 S01005380 Hawick - East Burnfoot 1199 2 4 671 S01005400 Selkirk – Bannerfield 1305 3 5 1078 S01005427 Galashiels – Huddersfield 1596 3 5 779 S01005373 Hawick - Princes St / Wilton 1639 3 6 724 S01005367 Hawick - The Motte 1653 3 6 751 S01005428 Galashiels - Hawthorn Rd 1669 3 6 1049 S01005431 Galashiels - Balmoral Rd 1681 3 6 667 S01005429 Galashiels - Old Town 1770 3 6 719 S01005368 Hawick – Crumhaugh 1860 3 6 675 S01005377 Hawick - Silverbuthall Rd 1970 4 7 863 S01005487 Eyemouth - Seafront/ harbour 2097 4 7 733 S01005416 Kelso - Poynder Park 2188 4 7 978 S01005434 Galashiels - Town Centre 2229 4 7 807 S01005374 Hawick – Trinity 2329 4 8 870 S01005488 Eyemouth - Haymons Cove 2378 4 8 792 S01005485 Eyemouth – Gunsgreen 2396 4 8 851 S01005372 Hawick - Bridge St/ Town Centre 2464 4 8 864 S01005458 Peebles - Dalatho St 2493 4 8 716 S01005408 Newtown St Boswells - East 2575 4 8 579 S01005433 Galashiels - Thistle St 2578 4 8 850 * Part of the 15% most deprived data zones in Scotland
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 32 Berwickshire Datazones by Deprivation Vigintile The following table gives more details from the 2012 Scottish Index Of Multiple Deprivation for the Berwickshire locality. Numbers of 10 or below indicate that the datazone has above-average Multiple Deprivation for Scotland. Numbers of 11 or above indicate below-average relative Multiple Deprivation for Scotland. The higher the number, the less relatively-deprived the datazone in each domain. Vigintiles 1-3 indicate that the datazone is within the 15% most-deprived in Scotland for that domain. Vigintiles 18-20 indicate that the datazone is within the 15% least-deprived in Scotland. Educ- ation Over- In- Employ- Skills & Hous- Datazone 01 Name all come ment Health Training Crime ing Access Eyemouth - Seafront/ harbour 7 7 7 7 6 2 7 20 Eyemouth - E - Gunsgreen 8 8 8 9 4 17 9 15 Eyemouth - W - Haymons Cove 8 9 8 7 5 7 12 14 Duns - South 9 7 7 6 11 11 15 18 Eyemouth - South Central 9 7 8 10 8 6 13 19 Chirnside - West 9 8 10 12 5 15 8 14 Coldstream - North 10 9 10 10 9 12 10 19 Greenlaw 10 10 11 9 8 10 10 8 Chirnside - East 11 7 12 13 11 11 15 12 Duns - North & West 11 10 8 11 13 10 12 18 Swinton/Coldstream Landward 11 12 13 12 13 20 15 1 Eyemouth Landward/Ayton Landward 11 12 14 12 12 14 8 2 St Abbs/ Coldingham Moor 11 13 11 14 10 17 10 2 Hutton & Ladykirk 11 13 14 13 14 19 7 1 Cockburnspath/Cranshaws /Abbey St Bathans 11 14 14 15 12 15 12 1 Gordon/Hume & around 12 12 17 15 11 20 12 1 Longformacus/ Westruther/ Polwarth 12 17 12 17 15 20 12 1 Eccles/Leitholm/Fogo/ Birgham 13 16 15 14 15 19 11 1 Coldstream - South 14 11 14 14 8 16 18 17 Ayton 14 13 13 13 10 17 17 7 Foulden & around 14 14 15 18 15 20 14 2 Grantshouse & Edrom 14 15 16 18 15 19 7 2 Gavinton/Duns Landward 14 16 15 15 15 19 8 2 Coldingham 16 13 14 15 12 20 15 19 Duns – East 16 14 17 15 9 16 14 14
As shown in the table above, none of the datazones in Berwickshire falls either into the 15% most-deprived or the 15% least-deprived in Scotland for overall deprivation, although several of them do in one of the domains. In common with most of rural Scottish Borders outside the main towns, many rural datazones in Berwickshire are within the 15% most-deprived in Scotland for Access Deprivation. In SIMD, this is measured using modelled estimates of travel times and distances to shops and services by private and
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 33 public transport. Access deprivation, like several other of the deprivation domains, is not necessarily a bad thing: indeed, some people make the choice to live away from nearby shops and services and to choose a high quality and safe rural environment over the convenience of easy accessibility. The purpose of the SIMD is to “flag up” domains and small areas where a deprivation indicator may give rise to inequalities for vulnerable residents, or those suffering from other indications of deprivation. The root key of inequality is understood to be poverty and the SIMD interrelates what it considers to be the key causes and effects of poverty, such as lack of income or employment, poor health and poor educational outcomes. These have a compounding effect and lead to a further spiral of multiple deprivation, until the affected groups are less able to enjoy being included in everyday activities and life choices that other people take for granted. The key Income, Employment, Health and Education Deprivation domains shown above indicate that there are no parts of Berwickshire where there are deep or extensive pockets of deprivation, although it does indicate above-average inequality in Eyemouth, particularly in the Deprivation due to Crime domain which is considered to be within the “worst 10%” of any location in Scotland. The parts of Berwickshire with the lowest levels of Multiple Deprivation are the east side of Duns and Coldingham, the latter of which is considered to be amongst the 5 – 10% least-deprived neighbourhoods in Scotland for crime and for access deprivation. It is perhaps ironic that these credentials, which should be very much in Coldingham’s favour, have not been effective in stopping the population loss from the village. Amongst the many settlements in Berwickshire that are considered to be amongst the safest villages in Scotland in which to live are: Gordon, Hume, Longformacus, Westruther, Polwarth, Swinton and Foulden.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 34 The table below shows the number of data zones and 2011 Census population by each of the deciles in the Scottish Borders. It shows that 5.4% of the datazones in Scottish Borders and 5% of the Scottish Borders population are located within the 20% most-deprived in Scotland. This does not necessarily mean that everyone in these deprived areas is deprived but it gives an indication of the size and scale of the areas in Scottish Borders that could be targeted in interventions aimed at reducing inequality in the region. SIMD 2012 Data zones 2011 Census Population Decile Count % Number % 1 (most deprived) 4 3.10% 3,391 3.0% 2 3 2.30% 2,286 2.0% 3 8 6.20% 6,442 5.7% 4 11 8.50% 8,903 7.8% 5 19 14.60% 16,804 14.8% 6 24 18.50% 20,484 18.0% 7 26 20.00% 23,970 21.1% 8 26 20.00% 24,320 21.4% 9 8 6.20% 6,371 5.6% 10 (least deprived) 1 0.80% 899 0.8% Scottish Borders 130 100.00% 113,870 100.0%
The graph below shows the distribution of the population by each decile.
2011 Census Population in the Scottish Borders by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012 Decile 30,000
24,320 25,000 23,970 20,484 20,000 16,804 15,000
10,000 8,903 6,442 6,371 3,391 5,000 2,286 899 0 1 (4) 2 (3) 3 (8) 4 (11) 5 (19) 6 (24) 7 (26) 8 (26) 9 (8) 10 (1) SIMD Decile (Number of Data zone in decile)
Most Deprived Least Deprived
The map on the following page shows the 130 data zones in the Scottish Borders by their SIMD decile ranking within the Scottish context.
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Economy and Income
Road Conditions
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 found that almost 70% of the respondents were ‘Very Dissatisfied / Fairly Dissatisfied’ with the speed of repair to their local damaged roads. People in Berwickshire had a similar level of satisfaction compared to the Scottish Borders. 80.0%
60.0% Satisfaction with: Speed of repair to 40.0% your local damaged roads 20.0%
0.0% Source: SBHS 2015 Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very Satisfied / Fairly Satisfied 21.8% 26.8% 20.3% 19.1% 17.2% 21.1% Very Dissatisfied / Fairly Dissatisfied 68.8% 64.5% 69.3% 71.7% 74.7% 69.7%
Town Centre Retail Activity
Scottish Borders Council has undertaken a range of work to support our town centres, including investing in recent major projects such as the Selkirk Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme, Kelso Townscape Initiative, and the Galashiels Inner Relief Road project. The Council also undertakes a range of monitoring work, and some of the results of our monitoring are set out below. Whilst retail is a key component of our town centres’ offer, other uses are key to town centre vitality. To reflect this, the council has recently reviewed its town centres policies to support a mix of footfall generating uses.
Footfall
The Scottish Borders Council conducts an annual survey of footfall in the main towns within the Scottish Borders. The table below shows weekly footfall between 2012 and 2015 for Galashiels, Peebles, Kelso, Hawick, Melrose, Jedburgh, Selkirk, Eyemouth and Duns. Between 2015 and 2015, the footfall in town centres dropped by 7%. The greatest changes were in Kelso with an increase of 27%, this may be due to major town centre generation, the and in Hawick with a drop of 42%. In 2014, Melrose experienced a significant drop in footfall, which recovered in 2015.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 37 Average Weekly Footfall 2012-2015, SBC 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Galashiels Peebles Kelso Hawick Melrose Jedburgh Selkirk Eyemouth Duns 2012 8380 7940 4360 7480 3430 2900 2660 2220 1710 2013 8220 7140 4130 6200 3390 2700 2420 1880 1600 2014 7930 7610 4980 3750 990 2610 2090 2150 1780 2015 8180 7930 5550 4360 3550 2460 2350 2270 1630
The graph below shows the weekly footfall as a rate per 1000 town population for 2015. The average for Scottish Borders towns was 713 in 2015. The graph shows that Melrose had the highest higher footfall rate per 1000 (1,445) and that Hawick experienced the lowest rate (311). The towns with the highest rates, Melrose, Peebles and Kelso are associated with tourist activity. https://www.scotborders.gov.uk/info/20051/plans_and_guidance/124/planning_research
Average Weekly Footfall in 2015 per 1000 Town Population, SBC and NRS
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800 Town Average: 713
600
400
200 1,445 924 814 646 641 621 599 421 311 0 Melrose Peebles Kelso Galashiels Eyemouth Jedburgh Duns Selkirk Hawick
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 38 Retail Vacancies
Scottish Borders Council conducts a bi-annual survey of retail vacancies for the towns with a population of 1,000 or more. In summer 2015 there were 152 vacant units out of 1,434 in the Scottish Borders, equal to 11%. This was a slight improvement in the vacancy rate compared to the 12% vacancy rate recorded in the winter 2014 survey. In summer 2015 Chirnside had the highest vacancy rate of 30% whereas Earlston, West Linton, St. Boswells and Tweedbank had no vacancies. For both winter 2014 and summer 2015, the largest towns, Hawick and Galashiels, had a vacancy rate of 11% or more. https://www.scotborders.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/1639/retail_survey.pdf
Summer 2015 Winter 2014 Number of Number of Settlement retail unit retail unit units vacant units vacancy rate vacancy rate Chirnside 10 3 30% 27% Galashiels 243 43 18% 18% Newtown St Boswells 11 2 18% 25% Galashiels 2nd * 45 7 16% 11% Hawick 251 35 14% 16% Duns 63 6 13% 8% Coldstream 48 6 12% 12% Jedburgh 91 10 11% 9% Selkirk 91 10 11% 16% Lauder 19 2 11% 11% Eyemouth 70 5 7% 9% Peebles 145 9 6% 7% Kelso 165 9 5% 9% Melrose 83 3 4% 3% Innerleithen 51 2 4% 4% Earlston 22 0 0% 0% West Linton 12 0 0% 0% St Boswells 11 0 0% 0% Tweedbank 3 0 0% 0% TOTAL 1434 152 11% 12% * Two centres are monitored in Galashiels, the town centre, and a second centre at Wilderhaugh.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 39 Retail Mix
In summer 2015, 187 of the 809 (23%) shops in the towns of the Scottish Borders were part of retail chains. The graph and table below show the number of shops and retail shops and the proportion of shops that are retail chains. The locations with the highest proportion of retail chains are Tweedbank and Galashiels 2nd (Wilderhaugh). Retail chains make up less than 10% of the shops in Lauder and Innerleithen.
Number and Proportion of Shops which are Retail Chains, Summer 2015 160 60%
140 50% 120 40% 100
Shops / 80 30% Chain Shops 60 20% 40 10% 20
0 0% Newt Inner Colds Galas West St own Twee Hawi Galas Peebl Melr Selkir Jedb Eyem Laud Earlst Chirn Kelso Duns leith trea hiels Linto Bosw St dban ck hiels es ose k urgh outh er on side en m 2nd n ells Bosw k ells Shops 137 136 101 94 53 51 48 33 32 27 25 18 12 11 10 8 6 5 2 Chain Shops 25 49 24 22 6 9 9 9 2 6 4 9 1 4 3 2 1 1 1 % Chain Shops 18% 36% 24% 23% 11% 18% 19% 27% 6% 22% 16% 50% 8% 36% 30% 25% 17% 20% 50%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 40 Claimant Count
Within the Scottish Borders, the proportion of working age people claiming either JSA or the unemployment related UC in March 2016 ranged from 0.9% for the Leaderdale and Melrose ward to 2.7% for Galashiels and District, Hawick and Hermitage and Hawick and Denholm. Within the Berwickshire area, East Berwickshire had 105 claimants (1.5%) and Mid Berwickshire had 90 claimants (1.5%). Claimant count by multi-member ward, March 2016 Number Rate (%) Number Rate (%) Galashiels and District 250 2.7 East Berwickshire 105 1.5 Hawick and Hermitage 170 2.7 Mid Berwickshire 90 1.5 Hawick and Denholm 160 2.7 Jedburgh and District 75 1.5 Scottish Borders 1,260 1.8 Tweeddale West 75 1.3 Selkirkshire 110 1.7 Tweeddale East 65 1.0 Kelso and District 100 1.7 Leaderdale and Melrose 55 0.9 Source: ONS
The chart below shows the changes in JSA claimants for each of the localities between 2007 and 2016. Across the localities the numbers claiming jobseeker’s allowance has fluctuated over the past ten years, with the highest rates consistently in Teviot and Liddesdale and the lowest in Tweeddale. Unemployment peaked in 2011-2012 owing to the recession. Since 2010, Berwickshire has had a lower rate of JSA claimants compared to the Scottish Borders.
Localities based Jobseeker's Allowance claimants, 2007-2016 5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
basedproportion (%) - 2
Residence 1.5
1
0.5
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Berwickshire 1.7 1.3 2.2 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.3 1.5 1.1 Cheviot 1.4 1.1 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.1 Eildon 1.4 1.3 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.0 1.9 1.4 Teviot and Liddesdale 2.2 1.5 3.2 3.8 4.3 4.3 3.8 3.4 2.7 2.1 Tweeddale 1.0 0.8 1.5 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.1 1.0 Scottish Borders 1.5 1.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.7 1.8 1.4
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 41 Public View of Scottish Borders Employment Opportunities
The 2015 Scottish Borders Household Survey asked respondents how important they thought certain actions would be to improving employment opportunities in the Scottish Borders. Within Berwickshire slightly more people were interested in ‘Getting more young people in to work’, ‘Creating more apprenticeships’, ‘Getting more adults in to work’ and ‘Assistance with starting up your own business’ compared to the Scottish Borders .
Proportion of people who think the following actions are VERY IMPORTANT/ IMPORTANT to improving employment opportunities in the Scottish Borders
80.0% 70.0% Source: SBHS 2015 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Getting more young Creating more Getting more adults in to Assistance with starting Bringing jobs to the area people into work apprenticeships work up your own business Berwickshire 69.0% 62.6% 54.7% 51.7% 32.7% Scottish Borders 72.8% 61.1% 51.5% 49.8% 30.7%
A slightly lower proportion of people identify ‘barriers’ to getting a job or securing a better job in Berwickshire compared to the Scottish Borders.
Proportion of people who think the following barriers to you getting a job or securing a better job
25.0%
20.0% Source: SBHS 2015
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0% Lack of job Lack of relevant job Lack of affordable opportunities with Transport problems Lack of training Lack of qualification opportunities childcare decent pay Berwickshire 19.2% 18.0% 6.2% 4.3% 4.3% 3.2% Scottish Borders 21.8% 21.4% 7.1% 6.1% 5.3% 4.4%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 42 Economic Inequalities
Income Deprived
The term “Income Deprivation” was coined by SIMD (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation) to represent individuals of all ages living in households with low income, regardless of employment status. It is presented as a percentage of the total population in the following welfare benefit categories: Adults and Children in Income Support (IS) or Income-based Employment and Support Allowance Households; Adults and Children in Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) households; Adults in Guarantee Pension Credit Households; Adults and Children in Tax Credit Households on low incomes. By using Tax Credits data, the indicator is designed to include both in-work and out-of-work claimants on low incomes. According to the Scottish Government’s classification of income deprivation the Scottish Borders has a lower proportion of population classified as income deprived compared to Scotland. It can be seen that there has been little change in the proportion of people classified as income deprived.
Percentage of total population classified as income deprived within SIMD income domain, SG 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Scottish Borders 9.3 9.2 9.2 11.3 11.2 11.2 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 Scotland 13.9 13.8 13.8 15.1 15.0 14.9 13.3 13.2 13.2 13.1 13.1
In Berwickshire, 10.4% of the population are classified as income deprived slightly higher than the Scottish Borders (10.1%) but below Scotland (13.2%).
Percentage of total population classified as income deprived within SIMD income domain. 25.0 2013 - SG (SIMD)
20.0
15.0 Scotland, 13.2
10.0 Scottish Borders, 10.1 5.0 5.0 10.4 9.4 9.8 14.3 7.0 23.4 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 43 Employment Deprived
The term “Employment Deprivation” is designed, more specifically than “Income Deprivation”, to summarise those of working age who lack employment, whether due to unemployment, incapacity or disability. Jobseekers Allowance is awarded based on National Insurance contributions, rather than levels of savings so a lack of employment does not necessarily indicate low household income. The two types of deprivation correlate closely but not completely, indicating that there is more to Income Deprivation than a lack of employment and that economically inactive people are most vulnerable from the effects of low household income. Compared to Scotland the Scottish Borders has consistently had a lower proportion of working age population employment deprived. However, over time there has been a slight increase in the Scottish Borders compared to a slight decrease for Scotland.
Percentage of Working age population employment deprived , SG
14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Scottish Borders 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.3 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.3 Scotland 12.9 12.8 12.7 11.5 11.4 11.4 12.2 12.1 12.2 12.2 12.2
In Berwickshire, 9.2% of the population are classified as employment deprived similar to the Scottish Borders (9.3%) and lower than Scotland (12.2%).
25.0 Percentage of Working age population employment deprived 2013 - SG (SIMD) 20.0
15.0 Scotland, 12.2 10.0 Scottish Borders, 9.3
5.0 4.7 9.2 8.2 9.8 12.5 6.4 21.2 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 44 Out of Work Benefits
The “Key Benefits” dataset is a useful source of information from the Department of Work and Pensions that attempts to summarise working-age benefits dependency at locality level into one key variable, and to explore the socio-demographic circumstances of its claimants. The data are derived from 100% source: the Work and Pensions Longitudinal Study (WPLS). The dataset provides counts of benefits claimants categorised by their statistical group (their main reason for interacting with the benefit system), gender and age. Double counting of claimants of multiple benefits has therefore been removed. Each claimant can only be assigned to one of the 8 groups, in the following priority order: Job Seekers Allowance claimants; Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance claimants; Lone Parents Income support claimants with a child under 16 and no partner; Carers Allowance claimants; Others on Income Related Benefit; Other income support (including IS Disability premium) or Pension Credit claimants under State Pension age; Disabled Disability Living Allowance (DLA); Bereaved Widows Benefit, Bereavement Benefit or Industrial Death Benefit claimants. Compared to Scotland the Scottish Borders has consistently has a lower proportion of working age population claiming ‘Out of Work Benefits’.
Percentage of Working age population claiming Out of Work benefits, SG
18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Scottish Borders 10.8 10.5 10.2 9.8 9.8 9.5 9.6 10.9 10.1 10.1 10.3 10.0 9.4 Scotland 16.8 16.6 15.9 15.2 14.8 14.0 13.5 14.9 14.0 13.7 13.7 13.0 12.0
In Berwickshire, 9.8% of the working age population were claiming ‘Out of Work Benefits’ similar to the Scottish Borders (10.0%) and below Scotland (13.0%).
30.0 Percentage of Working age population claiming Out of Work benefits 25.0 2013 - SG (SIMD) 20.0
15.0 Scotland, 13.0 10.0 Scottish Borders, 10.0 5.0 4.4 9.8 8.9 10.5 13.6 7.2 24.1 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 45 Child Poverty
Child poverty is defined by HMRC as dependent children under the age of 20 in families in receipt of Child Tax Credits (<60% median income) or Income Support/Jobseeker's Allowance. Between 2009 and 2013 the proportion of children living in poverty in the Scottish Borders and Scotland has decreased. The Scottish Borders consistently has a lower proportion of children living in poverty compared to Scotland.
Percentage of Children Living in Poverty, HMRC
18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 Scottish Borders 11.7 11.7 11.4 10.9 Scotland 16.5 16.2 16.1 15.3
In Berwickshire, 11.4% of children live in poverty, slightly above the Scottish Borders (10.9%) but lower compared to Scotland (15.3%).
Percentage of Children Living in Poverty 30.0 2012 - HMRC 25.0
20.0 Scotland, 15.3 15.0
10.0 Scottish Borders, 10.9 5.0 4.5 11.4 11.9 10.6 15.3 6.9 27.8 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 46 Adults claiming incapacity benefit/severe disability allowance/ employment and support allowance
The Scottish Borders consistently has a lower proportion of adults claiming incapacity benefit / severe disability allowance / employment sand support allowance compared to Scotland.
Percent of Adults claiming incapacity benefit/severe disability allowance/ employment and support allowance, DWP
6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Scottish Borders 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 Scotland 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1
In Berwickshire, 4.1% of adults claiming incapacity benefit / severe disability allowance / employment and support allowance slightly above the Scottish Borders (3.7%) and below Scotland (5.1%).
Percent of Adults claiming incapacity benefit/severe disability allowance/ employment and 8.0 support allowance May 2013, DWP 7.0 6.0 Scotland, 5.1 5.0 4.0 Scottish Borders, 3.7 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.9 4.1 3.1 3.8 4.9 2.7 6.8 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 47 Pension Credit
Pension Credit is a welfare benefit paid to pensioners with the core aim of lifting the poorest pensioners out of poverty. Similar to Scotland the proportion of people claiming pension credits (aged 60+) has declined between 2006 and 2014.
Proportion of people claiming pension credits (aged 60+), DWP
14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Scottish Borders 11.0 11.3 11.1 10.3 9.3 8.9 8.6 7.9 6.4 5.8 5.1 Scotland 12.7 13.1 13.2 12.7 11.7 11.1 10.8 10.1 8.3 7.7 6.9
In Berwickshire, 7.0% of pensioners claim pension credit above the Scottish Borders (5.8%) and below Scotland (7.7%).
12.0 Proportion of people claiming pension credits (aged 60+) 2013 - DWP
10.0
8.0 Scotland, 7.7
6.0 Scottish Borders, 5.8
4.0
2.0 2.2 7.0 5.8 6.1 8.4 4.9 10.7 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Fuel Poverty
According to the “Fuel Poverty Delivery Plan 2013-16” produced by Scottish Borders Council’s Housing Strategy Service, the term “fuel poverty” is used to describe the inability of households to afford to heat the home to a satisfactory standard at a reasonable cost. The Scottish Fuel Poverty Statement (August 2002) sets out the Scottish definition: “A household is in fuel poverty if, in order to maintain a satisfactory heating regime, it would be required to spend more than 10% of its (net) income (including Housing Benefit or Income Support for Mortgage Interest) on all household fuel use (i.e. not just that for heating and hot water).’
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 48 Furthermore 'Extreme Fuel Poverty' can be defined as a household having to spend more than 20% of its income on fuel.” Three main factors influence whether a household is in fuel poverty: Household Income – The costs of heating a property form a greater proportion of total income for those on low incomes. Fuel Costs – Higher prices reduce the affordability of fuel. Prices of different types of fuels can vary considerably, as can the availability of different fuels in different areas, and of different types of heating systems. This affects the ability of consumers to exercise choice. It should be noted that even with high levels of investment in energy efficiency measures, the recent upward trend in fuel prices has pushed many families back into fuel poverty. Energy Efficiency – The thermal quality of the building and the efficiency of the heating source determine the amount of energy that must be purchased to heat the home adequately.
According to the Scottish House Conditions Survey (SHCS), 43% of dwellings in the Scottish Borders experience fuel poverty, higher than the 36% for Scotland. Fuel poverty is more common for dwellings built before 1945 and pensioner households. For the development of the Local Housing Strategy (LHS), Changeworks created a map of the Scottish Borders showing the estimation of fuel poverty density based on factors that increase the likelihood of households living in fuel poverty. These factors include single pensioners, unemployed residents, central heating type (access to the gas grid), and home efficiency ratings. Estimate of Fuel Poverty for the Scottish Borders
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 49
Education and Learning
School Leavers
Skills Development of Scotland (SDS) publishes the school leaver destination reports. For the 2014/15 school year there were 1,203 school leavers for Scottish Borders secondary schools of which 95.3% were entering a positive destination compared to the Scottish average of 92.9%. The graph below shows the initial destination for school leavers in the Scottish Borders compared to Scotland for 2014/15. In 2014/15, the Scottish Borders had a higher proportion of school leavers going to Higher Education and Further Education compared to Scotland.
School Leaver - Initial Destination 2014/15, SDS
45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Higher Further Vountary Activity Unemployed Unemployed Training Empoyment Unconfirmed Education Education Work Agreement Seeking Not Seeking Scottish 42.3% 29.8% 1.5% 19.4% 1.6% 0.7% 4.0% 0.7% 0.1% Borders Scotland 38.3% 27.8% 3.8% 21.7% 0.4% 0.9% 5.4% 1.1% 0.5%
The proportion of Scottish Borders school leavers going to an initial positive destination has increased by 7.3% from 88% in 2005/06 to 95.3% in 2014/15. The trend experienced in the Scottish Borders reflects the changes nationally.
Proportion of School Leavers at an Initial Positive Destination, SDS 98.0% 96.0% 94.0% 92.0% 90.0% 88.0% 86.0% 84.0% 82.0% 80.0% 78.0% 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Scottish Borders 88.0% 90.3% 87.0% 87.4% 88.3% 92.3% 90.9% 92.0% 94.2% 95.3% Scotland 85.0% 87.0% 86.5% 85.7% 86.8% 88.9% 89.9% 91.4% 92.3% 92.9% From 2011/12, the proportion of school leavers in a positive destination after six months has increased for the Scottish Borders from 89.3% to 94.0%. From 2012/13, the Scottish Borders had a higher proportion of school leavers at a positive destination at six months compared to Scotland.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 50 Number of School Leavers and Percent at at Positive Destinations at 6 months, SG
1400 96.0% 1200 94.0% 1000 800 92.0% 600 90.0% Number of School Leavers 400 200 88.0% 0 86.0% 2011/ 2012/ 2013/ 2014/ 12 13 14 15 Number of leavers - Scottish Borders 1145 1196 1052 1192 % Positive Desintation - Scottish Borders 89.3% 92.7% 94.0% 94.0% % Positive Desintation - Scotland 89.6% 90.4% 91.7% 92.0%
Within the Scottish Borders, for 2012/13, there were 6 intermediate zones (2001 based) where less than 85% of the school leavers were in a positive destination at 6 months. The results for Berwickshire Intermediate Zones were: Eyemouth 82.1%, Coldstream and Area 83.3%, Berwickshire East 87.5%, Duns 94.3%, Berwickshire West 97.4% and Berwickshire Central 100.0%
% of School Leavers at a Positive Destination at 6 Months 2012/2013, SNS 100.0
95.0 Scottish Borders , 92.7
90.0 Scotland, 90.4
85.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
65.0
78.3 81.4 82.1 83.3 83.8 84.6 86.3 87.2 87.5 88.9 89.7 90.9 91.1 92.7 93.3 93.8 94.2 94.3 94.4 95.2 95.5 95.6 96.8 97.3 97.4 97.6 98.0 100.0 100.0
60.0
Duns
Selkirk
Langlee
Jedburgh
Eyemouth
Kelso South Kelso
Kelso North Kelso
Cheviot East Cheviot
Cheviot West Cheviot
Hawick North Hawick
Peebles South Peebles
Peebles North Peebles
Hawick Central Hawick
Galashiels West Galashiels
Galashiels South Galashiels
Galashiels North Galashiels
Hawick West End West Hawick
Berwickshire East Berwickshire
Burnfoot and area and Burnfoot
Berwickshire West Berwickshire
Berwickshire Central Berwickshire
Coldstream and area and Coldstream
Ettrick, Yarrow and Yair and Yarrow Ettrick,
Melrose and Tweedbank area Tweedbank and Melrose
Newcastleton and Teviot area Teviot and Newcastleton
St Boswells and Newtown area Newtown and Boswells St
Earlston, Lauder and Stow area Stow and Lauder Earlston, West Linton and Broughton area Broughton and Linton West Innerleithen and Walkerburn area Walkerburn and Innerleithen
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 51
Life Stages / Health and Wellbeing
Maternity / Early Years
Mothers Smoking During Pregnancy
Smoking is recognised by NHS Scotland and Scottish Government as the biggest single cause of preventable ill-health and premature death. Smoking in pregnancy is higher in Scottish Borders than the Scottish average and is particularly high in the most deprived areas compared with the least deprived. Between 2002/03 – 2004/05 and 2012/13 – 2014/15 the proportion of mothers smoking in Scotland dropped by 7.7%, however, during the same period there was only a 3.4% drop for the Scottish Borders. The Scottish Borders has consistently had more mothers smoking during pregnancy compared to Scotland.
Percent of Mothers smoking during pregnancy: 3-year average, ISD
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 ------2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/10 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Scottish Borders 26.2 27.9 27.7 26.2 24.2 24.2 24.1 25.0 25.3 24.8 22.9 Scotland 26.2 24.7 24.0 23.3 22.4 21.5 20.8 20.5 20.0 19.3 18.5
In Berwickshire, 24.5% of mothers were smoking during pregnancy, below the Scottish Borders (25.3%) but above Scotland (20.0%).
50.0 Percent of Mothers smoking during pregnancy 3-year average 2011/12 to 2013/14 - ISD 40.0
30.0 Scottish Borders, 25.3
20.0 Scotland, 20.0 10.0 4.7 24.5 24.4 26.1 32.6 15.8 46.8 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Liddesdale Tweeddale Highest
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 52 Low Birth Weight
Low birth weight is defined as a birth weight of less than 2.5kg for a live single baby. Low birth weight is the result either of a premature birth or of slow growth in the womb, or a combination of both. Low birth weight is associated with causing fatal or serious complications such as birth defects, cot death, reduced lung function, childhood asthma and ear infections in the child’s early years and with obesity, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes in later life, although these two complications are also associated with parental influences and maternal obesity. Low birth weight is strongly associated with maternal smoking and with poor maternal nutrition. Babies with a normal or higher birth weight are more likely to experience healthy childhood and adult lives and to have higher intelligence, but are more likely to develop autism. Scottish Government research has found that low birth weight is more common in deprived areas, but this gap is beginning to narrow, due mostly to improvements in rates in the most deprived areas, rather than to any change in the less deprived areas or in the population as a whole. The Scottish Borders has a similar level of low weight singletons births to that for Scotland.
Percent of low weight singleton births (<2,500g); 3-year average, ISD
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 ------2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/10 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Scottish Borders 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7 Scotland 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Within the Scottish Borders, the Berwickshire locality has a similar proportion of low weight singleton births.
6.0 Percent of low weight singleton births (<2,500g) 3-year average 2011/12 to 2013/14 - ISD 5.0
4.0
3.0 Scotland, 2.0 2.0 Scottish Borders, 1.9 1.0 0.0 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.5 5.0 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 53 Exclusively Breastfeeding
The 2013 Growing Up In Scotland study found that patterns of breastfeeding in Scotland are strongly linked with inequality and multiple deprivation. Between 2002 and 2009, there was a decline in the proportion of babies being exclusively breastfed in the Scottish Borders. Between 2010 and 2014 the proportion of babies being exclusively breastfed has increased slightly. Compared to Scotland, the Scottish Borders has had a greater proportion of babies being exclusively breastfed.
Percent Babies exclusively breastfed at 6-8 weeks: 3-year average, CHSP-PS
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 ------2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/10 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Scottish Borders 37.1 36.3 35.3 32.8 31.4 30.4 30.2 30.3 31.4 32.5 33.2 Scotland 27.3 27.4 27.1 26.7 26.3 26.3 26.4 26.3 26.3 26.5 26.8
In Berwickshire, 30.5% of babies were exclusively breastfed at 6-8 weeks, below the Scottish Borders (32.5%) but slightly above Scotland (26.5%).
70.0 Percent Babies exclusively breastfed at 6-8 weeks 60.0 3-year average 2011/12 to 2013/14 - CHSP-PS 50.0
40.0 Scottish Borders, 32.5 30.0 20.0 Scotland, 26.5 10.0 12.9 30.5 27.2 32.5 20.9 44.5 59.7 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 54
Children
Dental Health
Children in Primary 1 and Primary 7 are assessed for dental health the graphs below show the proportion of children with “no obvious decay experience, but child should continue to see the family dentist on a regular bases”. Overall, for both P1 and P7 the Scottish Borders has a greater portion of children with no obvious dental decay.
Precentage of Primary 1 children with no obvious tooth decay, ISD - NDIP 80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Scottish Borders 63.6 59.8 70.8 77.2 69.2 77.0 Scotland 50.7 54.1 57.7 64.0 67.0 68.0
Precentage of Primary 7 children with no obvious tooth decay, ISD - NDIP 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Scottish Borders 59.5 65.2 70.9 71.6 78.0 84.0 Scotland 52.9 59.1 63.6 69.4 72.8 75.0
In Berwickshire, 64.5% of P1 pupils have “no obvious dental decay”, below the Scottish Borders (73.8%) and Scotland (66.7%).
Percent of Primary 1 children with "No obvious dental decay experience" 2013/14 - NDIP 100.0 Scottish Borders, 73.8 80.0
60.0 Scotland, 66.7
40.0
20.0 51.4 64.5 71.1 76.0 70.5 81.2 93.7 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 55 In Berwickshire, 57.5% of P1 pupils have “no obvious dental decay”, above the Scottish Borders (51.6%) and Scotland (47.7%).
Percent of Primary 7 children with "No obvious dental decay experience" 70.0 2013/14 - NDIP 60.0 Scottish Borders, 51.6 50.0 40.0 Scotland, 47.7 30.0 20.0 10.0 32.6 57.5 52.1 49.7 48.9 51.7 66.7 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Child Obesity
Child obesity is an indicator of health inequalities, the measure is the proportion of children in an area whose BMI (Body Mass Index) is within the top 5% of the 1990 UK reference range for their age and sex.
From 2005/06 the percent of child obesity in primary 1 in the Scottish Borders has been below the level experienced for Scotland.
Percent of Child Obesity in Primary 1, CHSP-S 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Scottish Borders 8.1 10.9 11.0 9.2 8.8 8.5 9.4 8.5 8.9 8.4 9.1 Scotland 10.3 10.5 10.5 9.9 9.3 9.2 9.5 9.6 9.8 9.3 10.1
In Berwickshire, 13.2% of P1 pupils were obese, above the Scottish Borders (9.1%) and Scotland (10.1%).
25.0 Percent of Child Obesity in Primary 1 2013/14 - CHSP-S 20.0
15.0 Scotland, 10.1 10.0 Scottish Borders, 9.1 5.0 0.0 13.2 5.7 9.9 9.4 6.9 21.4 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 56
Adults
Coronary Heart Disease
The main risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) are high cholesterol, physical inactivity, smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, poor diet and diabetes. Between 2002 and 2013, the rate of people hospitalised with CHD decreased for both the Scottish Borders and Scotland. However, from 2007 the Scottish Borders has had a slightly higher rate of CHD hepatisations compared to Scotland.
Patients discharged from hospital with coronary heart disease: 3-year rolling average age-sex standardised rate per 100,000 , ISD 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Scottish Borders 566 556 540 550 537 526 503 479 461 452 Scotland 648 625 598 572 540 509 486 468 456 440
For 2011-2013 Scottish Borders has a slightly high rate of people hospitalised with CHD compared to Scotland. However, the Scottish Borders has a lower rate of early deaths from CHD; this seems to indicate that although people are experience CHD they are not dying early as a result. Within the Scottish Borders, the only locality to have a lower rate of hospitalisations for CHD per 100,000 than Scotland was Cheviot.
Patients discharged from hospital with coronary heart disease: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 3-year rolling average 2011-2013, ISD 700 600 500 Scottish Borders, 452 400 Scotland, 440 300 200 100 234 480 411 527 581 485 638 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
All localities within the Scottish Borders had a lower rate of early deaths from CHD (under 75 years) compared to Scotland, Berwickshire was close to the Scottish Borders level.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 57 Early deaths from coronary heart disease(under 75 years): age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 3-year rolling average 2011-2013, NRS 100
80 Scotland, 61 60 Scottish Borders, 43 40
20 0 47 33 43 56 35 91 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Cancer
Between 2002 and 2013, the rate of newly diagnosed cancer patients in the Scottish Borders has been below the rate for Scotland.
Patients newly diagnosed with cancer: 3-year rolling average , age-sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, ISD 675 650 625 600 575 550 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Scottish Borders 610 612 629 636 639 620 626 605 603 589 Scotland 641 638 637 635 641 647 647 646 640 634
The Berwickshire has a lower rate of cancer diagnosis compared to Scotland and slightly higher compared to the Scottish Borders.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 58 Patients newly diagnosed with cancer: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 900 3- year rolling average 2011-2013, ISD 800 700 Scotland, 634 600 Scottish Borders, 589 500 400 300 200 100 428 617 564 572 610 594 787 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
The Berwickshire locality has the lowest rate of early deaths from cancer compared the other Scottish Borders localities and Scotland.
Early deaths from cancer (under 75s): age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 300 3- year rolling average 2011-2013, NRS 250
200 Scotland, 173 150 Scottish Borders, 134
100
50 61 105 135 158 144 119 268 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
ScotPho describes COPD as a long- term lung disease that causes cough and breathlessness; previously referred to chronic bronchitis or emphysema. It is a progressive disease that not only affects breathing but also causes weight loss, nutritional disturbances and muscle problems. The most significant risk factor for COPD is cigarette smoking. The Scottish Borders has consistently had a lower rate of patients hospitalised
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 59 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to Scotland.
Patients hospitalised with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 3-year rolling average, age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, ISD 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Scottish Borders 423 444 459 498 522 532 501 476 472 498 Scotland 561 578 587 601 613 621 629 640 653 660
Within the Scottish Borders, the rate of hospitalisations from COPD by Intermediate Zone ranges from 226 to 923 (above the Scottish rate) per 100,000. The Berwickshire area has a lower rate compared to Scottish Borders and Scotland.
Patients hospitalised with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 1000 age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population - 3- year rolling average 2011-2013, ISD 900 800 700 Scotland, 660 600 Scottish Borders, 498 500 400 300 200 100 226 480 411 527 581 485 923 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Asthma
ScotPho describes asthma as chronic disease of the small airways in the lung. Airway inflammation and associated bronchoconstriction leads to recurrent attacks of cough, wheezing, breathlessness or chest tightness. Compared to Scotland the Scottish Borders has consistently had a slightly higher rate of people hospitalised with asthma.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 60 Patients discharged from hospital (annually) diagnosed with asthma, 3-year rolling average number and directly age-sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, ISD 125
100
75
50 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Scottish Borders 105 106 110 107 111 106 104 101 102 99 Scotland 100 100 104 104 106 103 100 95 92 91
The Berwickshire locality has a slightly lower rate of asthma hospitalisation when compared to Scottish Borders and Scotland.
Patients hospitalised with asthma: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 300 3-year rolling average 2011-2013, ISD 250 200 150 Scottish Borders, 99 100 Scotland, 91 50 29 86 92 100 142 82 257 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Emergency Hospitalisations
The rate of emergency hospitalisations for the Scottish Borders has increased by 11% between 2002 and 2013 compared to a 1% increase for Scotland.
Patients with emergency hospitalisations: 3-year rolling average, age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, ISD 8600 8400 8200 8000 7800 7600 7400 7200 7000 6800 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Scottish Borders 7554 7587 7865 8020 8070 8096 7956 8010 8107 8357 Scotland 7436 7393 7408 7472 7580 7619 7565 7489 7466 7500
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 61 The Berwickshire locality had a lower rate of emergency hospitalisations when compared the Scottish Borders but above Scotland.
14000 Patients with emergency hospitalisations: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 3- year rolling average 2011-2013, ISD 12000
10000 Scottish Borders, 8357 8000 Scotland, 7500 6000 4000 2000 6317 7871 7514 9259 8716 8028 11523 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Older People
Multiple Emergency Hospitalisations for people 65+
A range of factors influence the number of multiple emergency hospitalisations some personal and some systems-related. At a personal level, these would include the particular form of the current problem, the individual's own health and well-being and whether the person looks after themselves or needs a carer. Their immediate housing environment is also important; can they, for example, reach an upstairs toilet. Systems-related aspects include: the habits of GPs in referring patients directly to hospital; the availability of alternative forms of care such as short term rapid response services; and whether local systems are linked in a way that supports older people at these critical times. Between 2002 and 2013 the rate of patients (65+) with multiple emergency hospitalisations has increased for both Scotland and the Scottish Borders. There has been a more dramatic increase for the Scottish Borders in more recent years.
Patients (65+) with multiple emergency hospitalisations: 3-year rolling average, age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, ISD 5300 5200 5100 5000 4900 4800 4700 4600 4500 4400 4300 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Scottish Borders 4804 4749 4801 4909 4879 4813 4728 4732 4885 5122 Scotland 4589 4600 4644 4743 4915 5018 5055 5050 5118 5159
Within the Scottish Borders, the rate of patients (65+) multiple hospitalisations by Intermediate Zone range from 3,250 and 8,992 per 100,000 population. The Berwickshire locality has the lower rate of patients (65+) multiple hospitalisations compared to Scottish Borders and Scotland. SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 62 10000 Patients (65+) with multiple emergency hospitalisations: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 3- year rolling average 2011-2013, ISD 8000
6000 Scottish Borders, 5123 Scotland, 5160
4000
2000 3250 4611 3972 5685 5463 5410 8992 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Substance Use
Alcohol
According to Information Services Division (ISD), the Scottish Borders has consistently had a lower rate of alcohol related hospital stays per 100,000 compared to Scotland.
Alcohol related hospital stays: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, ISD 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Scottish Borders 576 539 546 567 644 673 630 594 542 627 559 566 465 Scotland 743 741 796 780 810 856 828 772 759 750 699 707 672
Within the Scottish Borders, the rate of alcohol related hospital stays by Intermediate Zone ranges from well below the Scottish rate (123) to well above the Scottish rate (1490) per 100,000 population. The Berwickshire locality has the lower level compared to the Scottish Borders and Scotland.
Alcohol related hospital stays: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 2000 2013/2014, ISD
1500
1000 Scotland, 705
500 Scottish Borders, 566 123 463 386 700 646 518 1490 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 63 According to the National Records of Scotland (NRS) the Scottish Borders has consistently had a lower rate of alcohol related deaths compared to Scotland. However, in recent years the rate in the Scottish Borders has increased opposite to the downward trend for Scotland.
Alcohol related deaths: 5-year rolling average, age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, NRS 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 2002-2006 2003-2007 2004-2008 2005-2009 2006-2010 2007-2011 2008-2012 2009-2013 2010-2014 Scottish Borders 13.6 13.8 13.2 11.3 12.3 13.3 12.5 13.4 14.9 Scotland 32.1 31.4 30.4 29.2 28.1 26.7 25.2 23.8 23.1
Within the Scottish Borders, the rate of alcohol related deaths by Intermediate Zone ranges from 0 to 44 per 100,000 population. Berwickshire was equal to the Scottish Borders average of 13.
50 Alcohol related deaths: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 5-year rolling average 2009-2013, NRS 40
30 Scotland, 24 20 Scottish Borders, 13 10 0 13 10 17 11 13 44 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Drugs
The Scottish Borders has consistently had a lower rate of drug-related hospital stays compared to Scotland.
Drug-related hospital stays: 3-year rolling average 2011-2013, age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, ISD
140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 2002/03- 2003/04- 2004/05- 2005/06- 2006/07- 2007/08- 2008/09- 2009/10- 2010/11- 2011/12- 2012/13- 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/10 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Scottish 48.4 46.3 48.0 58.5 64.6 67.3 67.3 77.3 84.6 88.1 79.6 Borders Scotland 85.4 84.5 86.7 92.5 101.3 106.8 111.4 113.9 114.0 116.7 122.0
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 64 The Berwickshire locality has a lowest rate of drug-related hospital stays compared to the other localities, Scottish Borders and Scotland.
250 Drug-related hospital stays: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 3-year rolling average 2011-2013, ISD 200
150 Scotland, 117 100 Scottish Borders, 88 50 0 58 73 109 94 86 236 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Mental Health
Hospitalisations
From 2002, the Scottish Borders has had a higher rate of psychiatric hospitalisations compared to Scotland. Between 2002 and 2013, the rate of psychotic hospitalisations in the Scottish Borders has decreased by 36% compared to a 28% decrease for Scotland.
Patients with a psychiatric hospitalisation: 3-year rolling average, age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, ISD 500.0 450.0 400.0 350.0 300.0 250.0 200.0 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Scottish Borders 467.3 455.3 435.4 411.1 399.8 387.6 364.7 348.8 335.3 300.2 Scotland 404.9 389.6 373.1 353.9 343.6 333.1 322.3 307.0 297.7 291.6
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 65 The Berwickshire locality has a lower rate of psychiatric hospitalisations compared to Scottish Borders and Scotland.
Patients with a psychiatric hospitalisation: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 3-year rolling average 2011-2013, ISD 700 600 500 400 Scottish Borders, 300 300 200 Scotland, 292 100 132 234 310 365 354 204 608 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Suicide
Over recent years the Scottish Borders has had a slightly higher suicide rate compared to Scotland.
Deaths from suicide: 5-year rolling average, age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population, NRS 18.0
17.0
16.0
15.0
14.0
13.0 2002-2006 2003-2007 2004-2008 2005-2009 2006-2010 2007-2011 2008-2012 2009-2013 Scottish Borders 17.5 16.2 15.8 15.1 16.9 16.1 17.1 15.7 Scotland 16.2 15.9 15.9 15.5 15.4 15.4 15.0 14.5
The Berwickshire locality had the lowest levels of suicide within the Scottish Borders.
50 Deaths from suicide: age- sex standardised rate per 100,000 population 5-year rolling average 2009-2013, NRS 40
30
20 Scottish Borders, 16
10 Scotland, 15 0 6 21 22 12 13 46 0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 66 Feeling Lonely or Isolated
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 asked respondents if they felt lonely or isolated as a result of living in a rural area. The graph with table below shows that 6.1% of the people in the Scottish Borders feel lonely or isolated, Berwickshire had a higher rate of 7.9%.
Proportion of people feel lonely or isolated as a result of living in a rural area Source: SBHS 2015 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Yes 7.9% 5.1% 5.5% 8.4% 3.5% 6.1%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 67 Physical Activity
Children’s Physical Education and Activity
Children’s physical education is part of the overarching target of 5 hours of physical activity per week for children. The active schools programme complemented by sport clubs and community activity adds a significant contributes towards this target. In 2014/15, 54% of children in the Scottish Borders participated in extra curricular physical activity; the proportion varied across the school clusters. The Berwickshire clusters are Duns at 37% and Eyemouth at 43%.
Participation in Extra Curriular Pysical Activity by School Cluster for 2014/15, SBC 70% 60% Scottish Border, 54% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 37% 58% 43% 51% 60% 66% 56% 58% 49% 0% Duns Earlston Eyemouth Galashiels Hawick Jedburgh Kelso Peebles Selkirk
Adult Physical Activity
According to the Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015, almost 30% of respondents take part in 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily. Berwickshire had a similar proportion of people who exercise daily.
35.0% 30.0% Proportion of 25.0% people who take part in 30 min 20.0% of moderate 15.0% physcial activity 10.0% by frequency 5.0% 0.0% Source: SBHS 2015 Scottish Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Borders Daily 29.9% 32.9% 28.5% 26.4% 27.6% 29.0% 4-6 times a week 15.2% 16.2% 14.1% 15.2% 16.6% 15.5% 2-3 times a week 25.2% 23.0% 23.7% 23.8% 29.9% 25.4% Once a week 8.5% 9.2% 10.9% 8.4% 9.2% 9.3% Less than once a week 4.3% 6.1% 8.2% 6.4% 7.6% 6.5% Never 10.7% 8.5% 11.1% 15.0% 5.3% 9.9%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 68
Reducing Risk
Adult Protection
Adult at risk, as defined by the Adult Support & Protection (Scotland) Act 2007, are individuals aged 16 or over who:-
Are unable to safeguard their own wellbeing, property, rights or other interests; Are at risk of harm; Because they are affected by disability, mental disorder, illness or physical or mental infirmity, are more vulnerable to being harmed than adults who are not so affected. If adults meet all three of the above criteria, often referred to as the three point test, then they can be considered to be adults at risk as defined by the Act. Harm includes physical and sexual harm, neglect, financial exploitation and harassment. Referrals occur when any person knows or believes an adult is at risk of harm. During the course of 2014- 2015 a total of 1,432 referrals were received, this compared with a total of 1,253 during the previous year 2013-2014. The number of cases progressing to adult protection concerns, as defined by the Act, showed a slight decline on the previous year with 169 cases progressing in 2014-2015, compared to 190 progressing the previous period. The graph below shows the number of adult protections concerns by the social work locality teams in 2014-15.
Adult Protection Concerns in 2014-15 by Locality Team, APC 40 38
28 30 26 26 20 17 20 14 10
0 Central Duns Hawick Kelso Peebles Learning Mental Health Disablity Team
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 69 Carers
The 2011 Census reported that 9.1% of people in Scottish Borders provide unpaid care to a family member or a friend with long-term care needs due to age or a long-term health condition or disability. This is around the Scottish average and has changed very little since the 2001 Census. However, the number of hours of unpaid care provided by the carers has generally increased since the last Census. 3.5% of carers in Scottish Borders provide 20 or more hours care per week and more than half of those provide 50 or more hours. Providing unpaid care, particularly at such high levels, makes it difficult or impossible for the carer to take paid work, leading to a position where households who provide unpaid care are faced with a multiple threat of poor health, income deprivation and poorer employment prospects. Four Intermediate Zones within the Berwickshire area had a slightly higher proportion of people providing unpaid care to the Scottish Borders (9.1%) these were Berwickshire Central 10.8%, Eyemouth 10.6%, Berwickshire East 10.3% and Berwickshire West 9.8%.
Percent of people who provided unpaid care 2011 - Census 12.0
10.0 Scotland, 9.3
Scottish Borders , 9.1 8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
9.8 9.7 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.1 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.8
10.8 10.6 10.3 10.2
0.0
Duns
Selkirk
Langlee
Jedburgh
Eyemouth
Kelso South Kelso
Kelso North Kelso
Cheviot East Cheviot
Cheviot West Cheviot
Hawick North Hawick
Peebles South Peebles
Peebles North Peebles
Hawick Central Hawick
Galashiels West Galashiels
Galashiels South Galashiels
Galashiels North Galashiels
Hawick West End West Hawick
Berwickshire East Berwickshire
Burnfoot and area and Burnfoot
Berwickshire West Berwickshire
Berwickshire Central Berwickshire
Coldstream and area and Coldstream
Ettrick, Yarrow and Yair and Yarrow Ettrick,
Melrose and Tweedbank area Tweedbank and Melrose
Newcastleton and Teviot area Teviot and Newcastleton
St Boswells and Newtown area Newtown and Boswells St
Earlston, Lauder and Stow area Stow and Lauder Earlston, West Linton and Broughton area Broughton and Linton West Innerleithen and Walkerburn area Walkerburn and Innerleithen
Within the Scottish Borders, the Borders Carers Centre received 5,940 enquiries from 1,564 carers in 2014- 15; resulting in identifying 323 new carers. The carers contacting Borders Carers Centre came from all areas of the Scottish Borders: 17% from Berwickshire, 32% from Eildon, 22% from Tweeddale and 29% from Roxburghshire. In 2014-15, 7% of the carers were aged 16 to 24, 51% were aged 25 to 64 and 42% were aged 65 or older. The Centre helped carers get £132,326 additional funds.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 70
Community and Environment
Community Safety
Neighbourhood Problems
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 indicates that more people in Berwickshire considered ‘rubbish and litter lying around’ to be ‘very common / fairly common’ neighbourhood problem compared to the Scottish Borders.
Proportion of people who feel the following are Very Common / Fairly Common in their local area Source: SBHS 2015 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Groups or Anti-Social People Rubbish People Noisy Vandalism individuals People Driving Unwanted being drunk Youths Out of Racially Abandoned Parking and litter using or neighbours Off road or graffiti intimidatin setting fires Behaviour callers at or rowdy in causing control motivated or burnt problems lying dealing or loud motorbikes to property g or to cause including the door public annoyance dogs attacks out cars around drugs parties or vehicles harassing damage speeding places others Berwickshire 32.9% 35.0% 38.0% 17.3% 13.2% 8.8% 8.5% 9.8% 5.8% 6.6% 3.8% 3.0% 0.9% 0.6% 0.6% Scottish Borders 40.1% 35.3% 35.2% 20.7% 18.1% 13.8% 10.8% 10.1% 8.9% 7.2% 6.7% 5.8% 1.2% 0.8% 0.7%
Feeling Safe
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 asked, “are they any places in your local area that you feel unsafe?” Within the Berwickshire locality 8.1% of respondents indicated there were places they felt unsafe below the 12.5% for the Scottish Borders.
100.0% 90.0% Are there any 80.0% 70.0% places in your 60.0% local area that 50.0% you feel unsafe? 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders No 87.8% 85.5% 79.7% 76.2% 85.0% 83.0% Yes 8.1% 11.0% 15.3% 17.0% 11.5% 12.5%
The graphs below show the proportion of people feeling safe at home at night, waking alone during the day and walking alone at night in their local area for the Scottish Borders and by the localities from the Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015. The graphs clearly show that the proportion of people that feel ‘a bit unsafe’ or ‘very unsafe’ is higher for ‘walking alone at night in their local area’. People in the Berwickshire area indicated that they felt slightly safer compared to the Scottish Borders.
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 71 80.0% 70.0% Proportion of 60.0% people feeling 50.0% safe: Alone 40.0% in your home 30.0% at night 20.0% 10.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very safe 66.7% 65.4% 65.1% 59.2% 69.4% 65.4% Fairly safe 29.3% 30.5% 29.2% 35.4% 28.0% 30.3% A bit unsafe 1.3% 1.8% 2.3% 2.6% 1.1% 1.8% Very unsafe 0.6% 0.9% 0.2% 0.6% 0.4% 0.6%
90.0% 80.0% Proportion of 70.0% people feeling 60.0% safe: 50.0% Walking 40.0% alone in your local area 30.0% during the day 20.0% 10.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very safe 75.4% 72.2% 71.3% 65.0% 78.6% 72.8% Fairly safe 19.9% 22.6% 22.3% 26.8% 16.8% 21.5% A bit unsafe 0.8% 1.5% 0.7% 3.2% 1.1% 1.4% Very unsafe 0.2% 0.9% 1.1% 0.6% 0.9% 0.8%
50.0% 45.0% Proportion of 40.0% people feeling safe: 35.0% Walking alone 30.0% in your 25.0% local area 20.0% after dark 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very safe 35.3% 31.6% 32.6% 30.3% 39.1% 34.1% Fairly safe 44.2% 44.9% 41.2% 39.3% 44.4% 42.6% A bit unsafe 11.7% 14.5% 16.2% 17.4% 10.1% 13.9% Very unsafe 3.2% 4.8% 3.7% 7.5% 2.3% 4.2%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 72 Neighbourhood Crime Neighbourhood crime also known as the SIMD crime grouping includes crimes of violence; drug offences; domestic house breaking; minor assault; and vandalism. The Scottish Borders has consistently had a lower neighbourhood crime rate per 1,000 population compared to Scotland.
Neighbourhood crime rate per 1,000 population (violence; drug offences; domestic house breaking; minor assault; and vandalism), SG 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Scottish Borders 37.1 36.8 36.6 29.0 28.7 28.7 22.1 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 Scotland 53.4 53.2 52.9 49.2 48.9 48.6 41.0 40.7 40.6 40.5 40.4
Within the Scottish Borders, the rate of neighbourhood crimes by Intermediate Zone ranges from 5.0 to 71.3 per 1,000 population. The Berwickshire locality has a lower rate of neighbourhood crime per 1,000 population compared to Scottish Borders and Scotland.
80.0 Neighbourhood crime rate per 1,000 population (violence; drug offences; domestic house breaking; minor assault; and vandalism) 2013, SG 60.0
Scotland, 40.5 40.0 Scottish Borders, 22.0 20.0
5.0 17.0 16.4 25.1 35.6 14.7 71.3 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
Anti-Social Behaviour The Scottish Borders Household Survey asked, “if people had witnessed or experienced antisocial behaviour in the last year?” Overall, 20% of respondents indicated that they witnessed or experienced antisocial behaviour; Berwickshire had the lowest level.
Proportion of people who have witnessed or experienced anti-social behaviour in the last year Source: SBHS 2015 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Yes 13.7% 18.9% 24.4% 27.5% 19.5% 20.8%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 73 Community Safety by Locality Crime and Disorder This section looks at the community safety information by the five localities within the Scottish Borders. The table below shows 2014-15 crime and disorder for each locality as a rate per 1,000. Compared to the Scottish Borders, Berwickshire had higher rates of Rape, Housebreaking (Dwelling), Fire-raising, and Theft of Motor Vehicle.
Crime and Disorder by Locality for Locality Scottish 2014-15 as a rate per 1,000 Borders Population Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Serious Assault 0.24 0.18 0.31 0.38 0.10 0.25 Robbery 0.00 0.06 0.10 0.32 0.00 0.10 Rape 0.58 0.43 0.10 0.48 0.05 0.29 Sexual Assault 0.29 0.91 0.46 0.54 0.21 0.47 Minor Assault 4.65 4.94 5.95 10.21 2.61 5.70 Housebreaking (Dwelling) 1.05 0.67 0.54 1.67 0.83 0.89 Housebreaking (Non-Dwelling) 0.38 0.49 0.15 0.75 0.73 0.44 Vandalism 3.98 6.16 5.67 13.54 3.54 6.36 Fire-raising 0.29 0.18 0.21 0.43 0.16 0.25 Supply of Drugs 0.05 0.49 0.41 0.59 0.10 0.33 Possession of Drugs 1.82 1.65 2.71 3.98 1.35 2.37 Theft Of Motor Vehicle 0.72 0.37 0.34 0.81 0.68 0.54 Theft From Motor Vehicle 0.62 0.98 0.82 0.97 0.52 0.78 Shoplifting 0.58 2.86 5.26 3.39 0.57 2.96 Racially Aggravated Conduct 0.00 0.24 0.21 0.27 0.05 0.16 Antisocial Behaviour4 71.52 96.97 107.33 194.40 65.55 106.46 Total 86.76 117.57 130.57 232.71 77.06 128.35
The graph shows the crime and disorder incidents by locality for 2014-15 per 1,000 population.
Crime and Antisocial Behaviour by Locality for 2014-15 as a rate per 1,000 Population, Police Scotland 250 200 150 Rate per 1,000 100 50 0 Scottish Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Borders Total Crime and Disorder 86.76 117.57 130.57 232.71 77.06 128.35 Antisocial Behaviour 71.52 96.97 107.33 194.40 65.55 106.46 Recorded Crimes 15.24 20.60 23.25 38.31 11.52 21.88
4 Antisocial behaviour incidents publicly reported, higher than ASB recorded on closure after investigation. SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 74 Home and Road Safety A number of other factors contribute to the safety and wellbeing of residents in the Scottish Borders and are a priority for the Safer Communities Team within Scottish Borders Council. These other factors are classified as road safety and home safety. The table below show the rate per 1,000 population for home and road safety factors for each of the localities in 2014-15. Compared to the Scottish Borders the Berwickshire area has a higher rates of ‘over 75 falls’ and ‘fires in homes’.
Safety on the Roads and at Locality Scottish Home 2014-15 as rate per 1,000 Borders population Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Over 75 Falls 7.67 5.36 3.74 9.19 3.96 5.62 Fires in Homes 0.81 0.49 0.80 1.07 0.42 0.74 Under 5 Home Accidents 0.38 0.79 0.41 1.02 0.36 0.55 Road Users Seriously Injured 0.72 0.43 0.41 0.75 0.52 0.54 Fire Casualties (fatal and non- fatal) 0.19 0.06 0.10 0.27 0.05 0.13 Road Users Killed 0.14 0.00 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.06 Children Killed or Seriously Injured in a Road Accident 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Safety on the Roads and at Home Total 9.92 7.13 5.52 12.41 5.31 7.65
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 75
Built and Physical Environment
Derelict Sites
The Scottish Borders consistently has a higher proportion of people living within 500 metres of a derelict site compared to Scotland.
Percentage of population living within 500 metres of a derelict site, SVDLS 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Scottish Borders 48.4 45.9 45.4 44.3 43.3 43.6 40.9 Scotland 27.3 29.4 30.8 29.8 30.1 30.9 29.7
Within the Scottish Borders, the proportion of people living within 500 metres of a derelict site by Intermediate Zone ranges from 0% to 99%. Within Berwickshire 31.5% of the population lived within 500 metres of derelict sites.
120.0 Percentage of population living within 500 metres of a derelict site 2013, SVDLS/SNS 100.0 80.0 60.0 Scottish Borders, 40.9 40.0 20.0 Scotland, 29.7 0.0 31.5 17.1 59.9 67.6 30.9 98.5 0.0 Lowest Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Highest Liddesdale
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 76 Cleanliness of the Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 shows that overall satisfaction with the cleanliness of their area was 79%. People in Berwickshire were slightly more satisfied compared to the Scottish Borders. 100.0% 80.0% Satisfaction with: 60.0% The cleanliness 40.0% of the area in which you live 20.0% 0.0% Scottish Source: SBHS 2015 Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Borders Very Satisfied / Fairly Satisfied 81.6% 82.4% 74.2% 74.7% 81.8% 79.0% Very Dissatisfied / Fairly Dissatisfied 11.5% 11.9% 18.5% 20.0% 13.6% 15.0%
The Scottish Borders Household Survey asks about the satisfaction with the maintenance of local public conveniences. The graph below shows the proportions for ‘very satisfied/ fairly satisfied’ compared to ‘very dissatisfied / fairly dissatisfied’. Berwickshire had fewer people were satisfied with local public conveniences compared the other localities.
60.0%
Satisfaction with: 40.0% Maintenance of your local public 20.0% conveniences
0.0% Source: SBHS 2015 Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very Satisfied / Fairly Satisfied 31.0% 50.4% 35.7% 35.8% 40.4% 38.7% Very Dissatisfied / Fairly Dissatisfied 19.9% 16.5% 23.7% 30.0% 20.4% 22.0%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 77
Environmental Impact
Waste and Recycling Satisfaction
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 showed 77.4% of respondents being ‘Very Satisfied/ Fairly Satisfied’ with the kerbside waste and recycling collection, it was slightly higher in Berwickshire (81.0%).
90.0% 80.0% Satisfaction with 70.0% your kerbside waste 60.0% and recycling collection 50.0% services overall 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very Satisfied / Fairly Satisfied 81.0% 78.7% 75.4% 77.0% 75.4% 77.4% Very Dissatisfied / Fairly Dissatisfied 8.1% 10.1% 13.5% 13.3% 14.7% 12.0%
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 asked about satisfaction of the community recycling centres and the recycling ‘bring sites’. Berwickshire had a similar level of satisfaction to the Scottish Borders. 80.0% 70.0% Satisfaction with 60.0% the service offered 50.0% at the Community 40.0% Recycling Centres 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very Satisfied / Fairly Satisfied 69.4% 64.0% 72.0% 70.2% 63.9% 67.6% Very Dissatisfied / Fairly Dissatisfied 7.3% 5.3% 5.7% 7.5% 11.0% 7.5%
Over 60% of respondents are ‘very satisfied / fairly satisfied’ with the recycling ‘bring sites’ (glass and textiles) situated across the Scottish Borders.
70.0% Satisfaction with 60.0% the recycling bring sites 50.0% (glass and textiles) 40.0% that are situated 30.0% across the Borders 20.0% 10.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very Satisfied / Fairly Satisfied 60.5% 64.9% 61.5% 64.6% 60.2% 62.0% Very Dissatisfied / Fairly Dissatisfied 8.1% 8.3% 9.6% 7.9% 10.4% 9.1%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 78 Energy Consumption
Gas Consumption According to the Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC), the total gas consumption in the Scottish Borders has decreased by 23% from 1,013 GWh in 2005 to 784 GWh in 2014. Between 2005 and 2014 Industrial and Commercial consumption decreased by 31% whereas the domestic consumption decreased by 17%.
Gas Consumption (GWh) - in the Scottish Borders 2005 to 2014, DECC 1200 1200
1000 1000
800 800 Gas Sales (GWh) 600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Industrial and Commercial 406 378 352 333 313 313 279 297 288 280 Domestic Consumption 607 607 621 602 551 553 520 526 512 504 Total Gas Sales (GWh) 1013 985 973 935 864 865 799 824 800 784
The graph below shows the average domestic gas consumption per meter in 2013 by the 2011 based Intermediate Zones for the Scottish Borders.
Average Domestic Gas Consumption (kWh per meter) in 2013 for Intermediate Zones (2011 based) in the Scottish Borders, DECC 25000
20000
15000 kWh per meter 10000
5000
0
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 79 Electricity Consumption According to DECC, the total electricity consumption in the Scottish Borders decreased by 5.7% from 635 GWh in 2005 to 599 GWh in 2014. The domestic electricity use contributes decreased by 11.6% whereas the industrial and commercial use only decreased by 0.4%.
Electricity Consumption (GWh) - in the Scottish Borders 2005 to 2014, DECC 700 700 600 600 500 500 Electricity Sales (GWh) 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Industrial and Commercial 331 328 332 305 309 322 315 320 315 330 Domestic Consumption 304 294 295 285 285 282 273 273 262 268 Total Electricity Sales (GWh) 635 622 627 590 594 605 588 593 577 599
The graph below shows the average domestic electricity consumption per meter in 2013 by the 2011 based Intermediate Zones for the Scottish Borders. It shows higher domestic electricity consumption in the more rural areas of the Scottish Borders compared to the towns.
Average Domestic Electricity Consumption (kWh per meter) in 2013 for Intermediate Zones (2011 based) in the Scottish Borders, DECC 7000 6000 5000 4000 kWh per meter 3000 2000 1000 0
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 80
Community Support and Community Resilience
Rating of neighbourhood as a place to live
The Scottish Household Survey (SHS) asks respondents to rate their neighbourhood as place to live. The Scottish Borders consistently has a higher proportion of people rating their neighbourhood as a Very Good or Fairly Good place to live compared to Scotland.
Proportion of People Who Rate Their Neighbourhood as Very/Fairly Good: Scottish Borders vs. Scotland, SHS 100% 98% 96% 94% 92% 90% 88% 86% 1999- 2001- 2003- 2005- 2007- 2009- 2012 2013 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Scottish Borders 95% 97% 95% 95% 95% 97% 97% 96% 98% Scotland 91% 92% 92% 92% 92% 94% 94% 94% 94%
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 (SBHS2015) also asked respondents to rate their neighbourhood as a place to live. Berwickshire had a similar proportion of respondents rating their neighbourhood as Very Good or Fairly Good compared to the Scottish Borders. 100.0%
80.0% Thinking about your neighbourhood, how 60.0% would you rate it as a place to live? 40.0% 20.0%
Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Scottish Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Borders Very Good / Fairly Good 91.9% 93.6% 90.9% 86.1% 93.6% 91.2% Very Poor / Fairly Poor 2.4% 2.9% 3.6% 7.3% 2.7% 3.8%
The SBSH2015 asked respondents if their neighbourhood had ‘got better or worse’ over the past three years. 74.2% of the respondents for the Scottish Borders thought their neighbourhood ‘got better or stayed the same’. The Berwickshire area had similar results to the Scottish Borders average. 80.0% 70.0% Has your 60.0% neighbourhood 50.0% got better or worse 40.0% over the past 30.0% three years? 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Source: SBHS 2015 Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Better 9.2% 7.2% 7.0% 7.3% 9.4% 8.1% Stayed the same 65.0% 71.7% 68.8% 62.2% 64.1% 66.1% Worse 15.4% 11.2% 15.0% 19.5% 12.2% 14.7%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 81 Maximising External Funding Investment in the Scottish Borders
Scottish Borders Council aims to maximise external funding investment in the Scottish Borders and to achieve best value for the Council’s own grant schemes. Key funding sources include LEADER, Landfill Communities Fund, National Lottery and Scottish Borders Council’s Community Grant Scheme. A focus on small grants provides significant support to small, local groups working with volunteers at small community level. Small community groups are a vital part of the fabric of community life. They play a key role in helping to uncover, understand and address local need and they help unlock community action in a way that considerably adds to the quality of life in the area. LEADER Projects 2007-2013 LEADER is a part European, part nation state funded programme that has been giving grants to grow, diversify and develop the rural economy since the mid-1990’s. Each LEADER programme has slightly different emphases aimed at locally identified priorities with decisions on who to fund being made by a group of local volunteers from the business, public and third sectors. LEADER is one of the few funding programmes dedicated to Community Led Local Development. LEADER can fund private businesses including agricultural businesses, community groups and charities, social enterprises and public sector projects. The tables below provide a summary of the LEADER programme in the Scottish Borders between 2007 and 2013. Overall, there were 70 projects receiving over £3.5 million for the Scottish Borders. The majority of the projects were ‘Borders Wide’, although each locality had at least 3 projects. Number of LEADER Projects in the Scottish Borders for 2007 to 2013 by Area Category Berwick- Cheviot Eildon Teviot & Tweeddale Borders Borders % shire Liddesdale Wide Total Broadband 3 1 4 6% Capital 2 2 1 5 7% Community 1 2 3 4 10 14% Environmental 9 9 13% Micro business 1 2 6 9 13% Tourism 4 1 1 2 5 7 20 29% Youth 1 1 1 10 13 19% Grand Total 10 4 6 3 11 36 70 100% % by Area 14% 6% 9% 4% 16% 51% 100%
Funding of LEADER Projects in the Scottish Borders for 2007 to 2013 by Area Berwick- Teviot & Borders Borders % Category shire Cheviot Eildon Liddesdale Tweeddale Wide Total Broadband £187,643 £28,908 £216,551 6% Capital £402,862 £217,456 £166,590 £786,908 22% Community £29,304 £97,822 £39,656 £47,709 £214,491 6% Environmental £467,702 £467,702 13% Micro business £15,700 £35,000 £261,430 £312,130 9% Tourism £152,113 £21,000 £14,750 £71,278 £168,650 £454,744 £882,534 25% Youth £8,921 £12,045 £34,092 £580,302 £635,359 18% Grand Total £751,539 £267,760 £323,770 £83,323 £277,398 £1,811,886 £3,515,675 100% % by Area 21% 8% 9% 2% 8% 52% 100%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 82 Voluntary Work
Self-Reported Volunteering According to the Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 27.4% of the adults responding to the survey said they were involved in voluntary work. The Berwickshire area was similar to the Scottish Borders.
Proportion of people who are involved in any voluntary work Source: SBHS 2015 40.0%
20.0%
0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Yes 28.6% 27.6% 23.7% 23.4% 33.6% 27.4%
Scottish Borders Alert The SB Alert system provides up to date information to communities, individuals and businesses on emergencies, weather warnings, utility failure updates, road closures, crimes and trading standards issues. SBC and partners including Police Scotland, Scottish Fire and Rescue Service and NHS Borders launched the service in October 2014. As of March 2016, there were 3,788 SB Alert customers located throughout the Scottish Borders. The table below shows the number of SB Alert users and the rate per 1,000 population; the Cheviot area has the highest rate of membership.
SB Alerts at March 2016
Area Number Rate per 1,000 Berwickshire 639 31 Cheviot 710 43 Eildon 1241 32 http://www.sbalert.co.uk Teviot 435 23 / Tweeddale 763 40 Scottish Borders 3788 33 Source: SBC
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 83
Cultural Activity
Public Sector Culture and Sport Facilities
The table and map below shows the culture and sport facilities operated by the public sector. Facility Type / Area Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot and Tweeddale Scottish Liddesdale Borders Arts Centre 1 1 2 Community Centre 3 5 1 1 10 Hall 1 2 6 1 3 13 Library 1 5 1 1 8 Library Contact 2 2 1 5 Centre Museum 3 3 3 3 2 14 Sport-Leisure 2 2 9 1 3 17 Total 12 9 28 8 12 69
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 84
Physical and Digital Access
Local Bus Use
The Scottish Borders Household Survey asked respondents if they used the local bus service and over 42% said they did; in Berwickshire that decreased to 37.4%.
70.0% 60.0% Do you use the 50.0% local bus service? 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders No 60.2% 60.5% 51.2% 56.2% 43.9% 54.4% Yes 37.4% 36.2% 45.1% 40.6% 53.6% 42.5%
Accessibility Issues
The Scottish Borders Household Survey asked if people reported accessibility issues. The most common accessibility issue was public transport with over 16% reporting this problem. This was increased to 20.5% for Berwickshire. 25.0%
Proportion of 20.0% people who reported 15.0% accessiblity issues 10.0%
5.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Public transport 20.5% 16.4% 16.6% 15.0% 13.8% 16.6% In and around your home 5.1% 4.0% 5.3% 6.2% 3.0% 4.7% Information 6.8% 5.9% 5.9% 7.1% 4.6% 6.0% Social and recreational activities 9.0% 6.3% 7.5% 6.9% 6.0% 7.2% Work 5.8% 3.5% 4.5% 5.2% 5.0% 4.8% Education 4.1% 5.1% 3.2% 4.9% 4.1% 4.2% Health 10.7% 7.9% 7.3% 9.7% 9.9% 9.2%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 85 Internet Use
The Scottish Borders Household Survey asks respondents how they normally access the internet. Over two thirds of the Scottish Borders population normally access the internet through their own mobile device. A slightly higher proportion of respondents ‘do not use internet or email’ in Berwickshire (15.2%) compared to the Scottish Borders (14.9%).
80.0% 70.0% 60.0% How do you 50.0% normally access 40.0% the internet ? 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Source: SBHS 2015 Scottish Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Borders Own mobile device e.g. laptop, mobile phone, 66.2% 66.7% 66.3% 67.6% 70.3% 67.6% smart phone, tablet Own home device computer or smart TV 40.2% 39.9% 42.6% 33.3% 44.4% 40.5% Library or other Council facility internet access PC 3.9% 3.3% 3.4% 4.3% 2.8% 3.5% Public internet access e.g. internet café 0.4% 1.7% 1.1% 1.9% 1.6% 1.4% Do not use internet or email 15.2% 16.0% 14.1% 16.5% 13.8% 14.9%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 86
Public Services
Public Priorities
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 (SBHS2015) asked respondents to rank a variety of issues in order of importance. Over 70% of the respondents identified ‘growing the economy of the Borders, and supporting retailers and businesses’ as a top 5 priority. The other issues that had the highest ranking of importance were ‘providing high quality care for older people’ and ‘tackling poverty and inequality’. More respondents in the Berwickshire area considered ‘Providing sustainable transport links including demand responsive transport’ and improving mobile and broadband coverage in the to be a top 5 priorities compared to the Scottish Borders.
Proportion of people who rank these issues in the TOP 5 priorities for the Scottish Borders Source: SBHS 2015 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Raising education attainment Providing Growing the and sustainable economy of Providing Improving Improving Reinstateme Increase Providing Providing achievement transport Making more the Borders, Tackling activities and mobile access to nt of Borders energy arts, culture high quality and helping links affordable and poverty and facilities for phone superfast railway link efficiency at and heritage care for older people of all including housing supporting inequality younger coverage in broadband in to Hawick work and in activities for people ages obtain demand available retailers and people the Borders the Borders and Carlisle the home all ages the skills responsive businesses they need for transport learning, life and work Berwickshire 68.2% 55.3% 45.3% 44.7% 38.9% 42.3% 30.6% 31.6% 32.7% 15.0% 22.7% 16.9% Scottish Borders 70.5% 53.0% 47.3% 45.8% 39.6% 37.8% 31.0% 29.7% 29.0% 24.2% 20.0% 16.6%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 87 Satisfaction with Public Services
Scottish Borders Household Survey The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 (SBHS2015) asked about satisfaction with the service provided by the Fire and Rescue Service and 64.5% are very or fairly satisfied with the service in Berwickshire compared to 68.7% for all areas.
80.0% 70.0% Satisfaction with 60.0% the service provided 50.0% by the Fire and Rescue 40.0% Service in your 30.0% local area? 20.0% 10.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very Satisfied / Fairly Satisfied 64.5% 70.6% 67.4% 75.3% 67.3% 68.7% Very Dissatisfied / Fairly Dissatisfied 2.1% 0.9% 1.2% 0.9% 1.1% 1.2%
In the SBHS2015 asked respondents, “taking everything into account, I have confidence in the police in by local area”. The results for the Berwickshire area were slightly higher compared to that for the whole of the Scottish Borders.
60.0% Taking everything into account, 40.0% I have confidence in the police in my local area 20.0%
Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Strongly Agree / Agree 49.1% 46.1% 50.1% 42.1% 43.5% 46.1% Strongly Disagree / Disagree 13.7% 18.9% 19.1% 26.6% 19.3% 19.6%
The SBHS2015 asked respondents to rate the Scottish Borders Council overall. More people in Berwickshire rate the council as excellent or good compared to all of the Scottish Borders.
80.0%
60.0% How would you rate Scottish Borders 40.0% Council overall? 20.0%
Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Excellent / Good 65.6% 62.3% 57.0% 55.6% 61.8% 60.3% Very Poor/ Poor 12.8% 19.1% 23.9% 27.7% 18.4% 20.5%
SB-SA2016 - Berwickshire - V1 88 Influence / involvement in public sector
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 asked respondents about their satisfaction with opportunities to participate in the local decision making process provided by Scottish Borders Council. Overall in the Scottish Borders 38.2% were ‘Very / Fairly Satisfied’ compared to 27.9% stating they were ‘Very/ Fairly Dissatisfied’. Berwickshire had the highest level of satisfaction, whereas Cheviot had the lowest.
Satisfaction with 45.0% 40.0% the opportunities 35.0% for participating in 30.0% the local decision 25.0% making process 20.0% provided by 15.0% Scottish Borders 10.0% 5.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Very Satisfied / Fairly Satisfied 42.5% 34.6% 36.7% 39.7% 39.1% 38.2% Very Dissatisfied / Fairly Dissatisfied 23.7% 27.0% 29.6% 28.1% 29.6% 27.9%
The Scottish Borders Household Survey 2015 asked if respondents had taken part in any consultations run by the Council (other than the SBHS2015). In Berwickshire 11.3% of respondents stated they had participated in a consultation slightly below to the 12.9% for the Scottish Borders.
18.0% 16.0% Have you taken 14.0% part in any 12.0% consultations 10.0% 8.0% run by the Council? 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% Source: SBHS 2015 0.0% Berwickshire Cheviot Eildon Teviot Tweeddale Scottish Borders Yes 11.3% 13.1% 12.5% 9.9% 17.0% 12.9%
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