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Copyright in the Text of This Thesis Rests with the Author ELITE SCHOOLING IN VIENNA (1870-1910): SOCIAL FACTORS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE By Julia Komleva Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Victor Karády Second Reader: Professor András GerĘ CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2009 Copyright Notice Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection ii ABSTRACT The issue of the elite schooling in Vienna between 1870 and 1910 constitutes a part of a larger problem of cultural elite in fin-de-siècle Vienna and of educated elites in the Central European societies during the period of modernization. The complex socio-ethnic and religious character was a distinctive feature of the Viennese educated elite, for the capital city drew the different categories of the multicultural, multiethnic, and multi- confessional population of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, who sought for advanced secondary education for their offspring with diverging frequency and motivation. The present study is based on the prosopographical method and presents a statistical analysis of the socio-denominational, ethnic and regional composition of students in the central Viennese Gymnasien during the period in question. The received results allowed detecting various correlations between the academic performances of students in particular subjects mandatory in the Viennese Gymnasien and their socio-denominational and regional background, as well as correlations between the academic achievements and students’ choice of future career. The interpretation of these correlations contributes to the whole picture of educated elite in Vienna in the last third of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century. CEU eTD Collection iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Victor Karády, for his continuous support and comprehensive aid during the research period and writing of this thesis. I am also grateful to Dr. Steven Beller who afforded the databank collected by him on the students of the Viennese Gymnasien, which formed the basis of the present study. CEU eTD Collection iv Table of Contents List of tables...................................................................................... vi Introduction........................................................................................ 1 Chapter I ............................................................................................ 9 Social Characteristics of Educated Elite in Fin-de-Siècle Vienna ............. 9 Chapter II......................................................................................... 17 Gymnasium Education and Population of Vienna during the Dual Monarchy.......................................................................................... 17 2.1. The system of Gymnasium education in the Habsburgs monarchy...................... 17 2.2. Population of the Central Districts of Vienna ............................................... 26 Chapter III ....................................................................................... 32 Aspects of the Elite Schooling Market in Vienna.................................. 32 3.1 The k. k. Akademisches Gymnasium in the First District.................................. 33 3.2. The k. k. Franz-Joseph-Gymnasium in the First District................................. 36 3.3. The k. k. Schottengymnasium of Benedictines in the First District.................... 40 3.4. The k. k. Sophien-Gymnasium in the Second District ...................................... 42 3.5. The Sperlgymnasium in the Second District................................................... 46 3.6. The k. k. Landstrasser-Gymnasium in the Third District ................................. 48 3.7. The k. k. Theresianische Akademie in the Fourth District ................................ 50 3.8. The k. k. Elizabeth-Gymnasium in the Fifth District...................................... 52 3.9. The k. k. Mariahilfergymnasium in the Sixth district ...................................... 55 3.10. The k. k. Piaristen-Gymnasium in the Eighth District................................... 57 3.11. The k. k. Maximilian-Gymnasium in the Ninth District ................................ 60 3.12. General Tables for the Viennese Central Gymnasien between 1870 and 1910 .... 62 Chapter IV........................................................................................ 65 Social Factors of Academic Performances and Career Option.................. 65 4.1. Correlation between Academic Performance and Denominational Background of Students........................................................................................................ 67 4.2. Correlation between Academic Performance and Social Background of Students . 71 4.3. Correlation between Academic Performance and Regional Background of Students .................................................................................................................... 77 4.4. Correlation between Academic Performance and Choice of Career...................... 80 4.5. Correlation between Academic Performance and Socio-Denominational Background CEU eTD Collection of Students.................................................................................................... 84 Conclusion ........................................................................................ 90 Appendix .......................................................................................... 95 Bibliography...................................................................................... 97 v List of tables 2/1. Frequency of Students in Austrian Gymnasien at the End of the Second Semester 23 2/2. Relation between the Population and Frequency of Students of the Austrian Gymnasien 23 2/3. Number of Students in the Fifth Classes of the Viennese Gymnasien 25 2/4. Number of Graduates and Maturanten in the Viennese Gymnasien 25 2/5. Students of Central Viennese Gymnasien between 1870 and 1910 by Social Category 30 3/1. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Akademisches Gymnasium (at the End of the Semester II) 34 3/2. Students of the Akademisches Gymnasium by Native Language 35 3/3. Students of the Akademisches Gymnasium by Denomination 35 3/4. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Franz-Joseph-Gymnasium (at the End of the Semester II) 38 3/5. Students of the Franz-Joseph-Gymnasium by Native Language 38 3/6. Students of the Franz-Joseph-Gymnasium by Denomination 39 3/7. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Schottengymnasium (at the End of the Semester II) 41 3/8. Students of the Schottengymnasium by Native Language 41 3/9. Students of the Schottengymnasium by Denomination 42 CEU eTD Collection 3/10. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Sophien-Gymnasium (at the End of the Semester II) 44 3/11. Students of the Sophien-Gymnasium by Denomination 45 3/12. Students of the Sophien-Gymnasium by Native Language 45 3/13. Ratio of teachers and students in the Sperlgymnasium vi (at the end of the II Semester) 47 3/14. Students of the Sperlgymnasium by Denomination 47 3/15. Students of the Sperlgymnasium by Native Language 47 3/16. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Landstrasser-Gymnasium (at the End of the Semester II) 49 3/17. Students of the Landstrasser-Gymnasium by Native Language 49 3/18. Students of the Landstrasser-Gymnasium by Denomination 49 3/19. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Gymnasium of Theresianische Akademie (at the end of the Semester II) 51 3/20. Students of the Gymnasium of Theresianische Akademie by Native Language 51 3/21. Students of the Gymnasium of Theresianische Akademie by Denomination 52 3/22. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Elizabeth-Gymnasium (at the end of the Semester II) 53 3/23. Students of the Elizabeth-Gymnasium by Native Language 54 3/24. Students of the Elizabeth-Gymnasium by Denomination 54 3/25. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Mariahilfergymnasium (at the end of the Semester II) 55 3/26. The students of the Mariahilfergymnasium by native language 56 3/27. The students of the Mariahilfergymnasium by denomination 56 3/28. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Piaristen-Gymnasium (at the end of the Semester II) 58 CEU eTD Collection 3/29. Students of the Piaristen-Gymnasium by Native Language 59 3/30. Students of the Piaristen-Gymnasium by Denomination 59 3/31. Ratio of Teachers and Students in the Maximilian-Gymnasium (at the end of the Semester II) 60 vii 3/32. The students of the Maximilian-Gymnasium by native language 61 3/33. The students of the Maximilian-Gymnasium by denomination 61 3/34. Ratio of Teachers and Students in Central Viennese Gymnasien in 1870-1910 62 3/35. Students of Central Viennese Gymnasien in 1870-1910 by Native Language 63 3/36. Students of Central Viennese Gymnasien in 1870-1910 by Denomination 63 4/1. Average grades obtained in Mandatory subjects by the students of the Sophien-, Mariahilfer- and Maximilian-Gymnasien; and of the Akademisches Gymnasium in Vienna between 1870 and 1907 66 4/2. Average Grades Obtained in Mandatory Subjects by Students of Different Denominations in the Sophien-, Mariahilfer-
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