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Life-History Traits of the Climbing Perch Anabas Testudineus (Bloch, 1792) in a Wetland Ecosystem

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Life-History Traits of the Climbing Perch Anabas Testudineus (Bloch, 1792) in a Wetland Ecosystem Volume 12, Number 2,June 2019 ISSN 1995-6673 JJBS Pages 175 - 182 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences Life-History Traits of the Climbing perch Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) in a Wetland Ecosystem Dalia Khatun1, Md. Yeamin Hossain1,*, Md. Ataur Rahman1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Obaidur Rahman1, Md. Abul Kalam Azad1, Most. Shakila Sarmin1, Most. Farida Parvin1, Ahnaf Tausif Ul Haque2, Zannatul Mawa1 and Md. Akhtar Hossain1 1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, 2Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh Received June 2, 2018; Revised July 25, 2018; Accepted August 19, 2018 Abstract The freshwater climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792), is an economically important, and nutritionally valuable food fish in south Asia. The present study provides the first complete description of life-history traits, i.e., length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationship (LLR), condition factors (allometric, KA; Fulton's, KF; relative, KR; relative weight, WR), form factor (a3.0), size at sexual maturity (Lm), and natural mortality (Mw) of A. testudineus in a wetland known as Gajner Beel, Pabna, in northwestern Bangladesh. Sampling was done using different traditional fishing gears during July to December, 2017. Total length (TL) and whole body weight (BW) were measured by the digital slide calipers and an electronic balance with 0.01cm and 0.01 g accuracy, respectively. A total of 239 specimens were measured ranging from 7.40-14.50 cm TL and 7.89- 63.78 g BW during this study. The estimated b values indicated an isometric growth pattern (b=3.00) in A. testudineus. The LWRs were highly significant (p<0.001) with r2 values >0.956. KF best indicated the well-being of A. testudineus among the four types of condition factors in the Gajner Beel. A Wilcoxon sign-ranked test for WR showed no significant dissimilarity from 100, signifying the balanced habitat for A. testudineus. The estimated a3.0 was 0.021, and Lm was calculated as 8.41 (~8.40) cm TL in the Gajner Beel. The Mw of A. testudineus was 1.05 year-1. The results should benefit the sustainable management of A. testudineus species in Bangladesh and its neighboring countries. Keywords: Anabas testudineus, Growth pattern, Conditions, Size at sexual maturity, Natural mortality breathing organ called the labyrinth organ (Rahman, 1. Introduction 1989). This species is considered commercially important, as it has a high market value for being a delicious food fish Perciformes is the largest and most diverse order of in Southeast Asia (Herre, 1935; Vidthayanon, 2002). teleosts in the world, containing about 41 % of all bony Furthermore, it is an indigenous commercial target fish fish comprising more than 10,000 species and about 160 and a vital source of subsistence for small- and large-scale families (Nelson, 2006). Anabantidae is a Perciformes fishers, who employ a variety of traditional fishing gears family with thirty-four species in it. The climbing perch, A. (Craig et al., 2004; Hossain, 2010a; Hossain et al., 2016a). testudineus (Bloch, 1792) is a member of this family, Although this species is facing some potential threats such being abundant in different parts of Asia: Bangladesh, as habitat destruction and dry-out, it is a very hardy, China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, habitat-generalist fish that is categorized as ‘least concern’ Sri Lanka, and Thailand (Talwar and Jhingran, 1991; in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh, 2015). Rahman, 2005). It is a fresh- and brackish water Knowledge of the life-history traits of fish species is potamodromous species that mostly dwells in canals, very important for the implementation of proper lakes, ponds, swamps, and estuaries (Menon, 1999; management strategies for conserving the commercially Vidthayanon, 2002), even though adults usually inhabit important fish such as A. testudineus (Hossain et al., rivers, flooded fields, and stagnant water bodies (slow 2013a). Studies of length-frequency distributions (LFDs) moving canals) (Pethiyagoda, 1991). This species is usually express the life-history traits and ecology of fishes known as Koi in Bangladesh, Kawai in India, Kabai in (Ranjan et al., 2005). Length-weight relationships (LWRs) Nepal, and Kavaiya in Sri Lanka (Froese and Pauly, 2018). are considered a useful tool in fisheries studies for the It is a hardy fish that can endure extremely unfavorable estimation of weight, biomass, and condition indices water conditions including low oxygen, polluted water, (Anderson and Gutreuter, 1983; Froese, 2006; Froese et etc. (Pethiyagoda, 1991) through an accessory air- al., 2011). Moreover, condition factors help evaluate the * Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]. 176 © 2019 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved - Volume 12, Number 2 status of fish from which the present and future population (g), and L is the total length (cm). The parameters a and b success can be predetermined (Richter, 2007; Rypel and were estimated by linear regression analyses based on Richter, 2008). Additionally, relative weight (WR) is one natural logarithms: ln (W) = ln (a) + b ln (L). Extremes of the most accepted indices for fish condition in the USA outliers were removed from the regression analyses for the last two decades (Rypel and Richter, 2008), and according to Froese (2006). A t-test was used to verify now it is being used in Bangladesh for assessing whether b values acquired in the linear regressions were freshwater fishes (Rahman et al., 2012; Hossain et al., significantly different from the isometric value (b = 3), 2012a, 2015a, 2016b). according to the equation of Sokal and Rohlf (1987) as: ts Although, several authors have reported on LWRs and = (b-3) /sb, where ts is the t-test value, b is the slope, and the condition factors (Kumar et al., 2013; Hossain et al., sb is the standard error of the slope (b). Additionally, on 2015b; Kumary and Raj, 2016), morphometric and the basis of the b values of LWRs (TL vs. BW and SL vs. meristic variations (Hossen et al., 2017), morphometric BW), the growth pattern of A. testudineus was determined. and gonadal studies (Ziauddin et al., 2016), captive In addition, the LLR for TL vs. SL was estimated by linear breeding (Sarkar et al., 2005), reproduction and spawning regression analysis (Hossain et al., 2006). Additionally behavior (Zworykin, 2012; Uddin et al., 2017), fecundity linear regression analysis was conducted using (Marimuthu et al., 2009), induced breeding (Mandal et al., untransformed TL-SL data to recognize the growth type 2016), and growth performance of A. testudineus (Alam et for LLR. Significant divergence of the b value from the al., 2007; Bhaskar et al., 2015), this economically theoretical isometric value (b = 1) specifies the growth important species has not been studied for life-history type as either positively (b>1) or negatively (b<1) traits from Bangladesh or elsewhere. Therefore, the current allometric for LLR (Hartnoll, 1982), which was confirmed study provides a complete and informative depiction of the with Student’s t-tests according to the equation of Sokal life-history traits of A. testudineus - including LFDs, and Rohlf (1987) as ts= (b-1) /sb. LWRs, LLR, condition factors (allometric, KA; Fultonʹs, 2.4. Condition Factors KF; relative, KR), relative weight (WR), form factor (a3.0), size at fist sexual maturity (Lm), and natural mortality The allometric condition factor (KA) was estimated by b (Mw) from the Gajner Beel wetland, Pabna in northwestern the equation of Tesch (1968): W/L , where W is the body Bangladesh using many specimens of small to large sizes weight (g), L is the TL (cm), and b is the LWR parameter. over a study period of six months. Fultonʹs condition factor (KF) was calculated using the 3 equation of Fulton (1904): KF =100× (W/L ), where W is 2. Material and Methods the body weight (g), and L is the TL in cm. The scaling factor of 100 was used to bring the KF close to unit 2.1. Study area and Sampling (Froese, 2006). Furthermore, the relative condition factor (K ) was analyzed following the equation of Le Cren The present study was carried out in the Gajner Beel R (1951): K = W/(a×Lb), where W is the body weight (g), L (Lat. 23o55′ N; Long. 89o 33′ E), NW Bangladesh. It is one R is the total length (cm), and a and b are LWR parameters. of the largest wetlands (floodplain) in the area, which is For estimating the relative weight (W ), the equation of considered an important breeding and feeding ground for R Froese (2006) was used: W = (W / W ) ×100, where W is many freshwater fishes (Hossain et al., 2017a) and is R s the weight of a particular individual and W is the located in Sujanagar Upazilla, Pabna, Bangladesh. A total s predicted standard weight as calculated by W = a×Lb, of 239 individuals of A. testudineus were collected s where the a and b values are obtained from the monthly from that region over the period from July to relationships between TL vs. BW. December, 2017, using different types of fishing gears; gill net (mesh size: 1.5–2.5 cm), cast net (mesh size: 1.0– 2.5. Form Factor (a3.0) 2.0 cm), and square lift net (mesh size ~1.0 cm). Samples The a3.0 of A. testudineus was estimated using the were rapidly chilled in ice on site and preserved with 10% log a – s (b-3) buffered formalin back in the laboratory. For each equation of Froese (2006) as: a3.0 = 10 , where a individual, lengths (total length, TL and standard length, and b are the regression parameters of LWR, and s is the SL) were measured by digital slide calipers, and the whole regression slope of ln a vs.
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