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Rola Administracji Publicznej ���������������������������������������� 58 Rada Programowa serii: przewodniczący: prof. KJ dr hab. Grzegorz Górski (Kolegium Jagiellońskie, Toruń, Polska) prof. Ivana Butoracova-Sidlerova PhD (University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia) prof. dr hab. Krzysztof Górski (Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA, Pasadena, CA, USA) prof. RN dr Josef Navratil PhD (University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic) ks. prof. dr hab. Ireneusz Werbiński (Kolegium Jagiellońskie, Toruń, Polska) prof. UMK dr hab. Marek Zajko (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń, Polska) prof. KJ dr hab. Krystyna Żuchelkowska (Kolegium Jagiellońskie, Toruń, Polska) Recenzenci: dr Sławomir Sadowski, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy dr hab. Oldřich Hájek, prof. Kolegium Jagiellońskiego w Toruniu Redaktor prowadzący: Beata Króliczak-Zajko Korekta: Bartłomiej Kuczkowski Opracowanie graficzne: Beata Króliczak-Zajko Skład: Karol Cyranowicz Copyright by © Karolina Muzyczka Copyright by © Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne „Akapit” & Jagielloński Instytut Wydawniczy Współpraca wydawnicza: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne „Akapit” s.c. oraz Jagielloński Instytut Wydawniczy Toruń 2021 Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne „AKAPIT” s.c. ul. H. Piskorskiej 12/23 87-100 Toruń tel. 56 648 55 53, e-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-83-63955-76-2 Jagielloński Instytut Wydawniczy ul. Szosa Bydgoska 50 87-100 Toruń tel. 56 651 97 81 ISBN 978-83-65824-45-5 Oferta wydawnicza oraz sprzedaż internetowa: www.weakapit.pl, tel. 601 880 321 Wersja elektroniczna Spis treści Wykaz skrótów ................................................................................9 Wstęp ........................................................................................... 13 Rozdział I Model ustrojowy Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej ................................ 17 1. Historyczne przesłanki ustroju politycznego Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej ................................................................... 19 2. Maoizm jako ideologiczna podstawa Chin Ludowych ................. 27 3. Konstytucyjne podstawy ustrojowe Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej ...44 4. Pozycja Komunistycznej Partii Chin ........................................... 52 5. Miejsce i rola administracji publicznej ........................................ 58 Rozdział II System prawny Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej ..............................65 1. Ewolucja systemu prawnego w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej ....... 67 2. Konstytucyjny system prawny Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej......... 81 3. Rola sędziów w tworzeniu systemu prawnego Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej ..................................................... 85 4. Specyfika chińskiego modelu praw człowieka .............................90 5. Konstytucyjny charakter praw własności ....................................96 5.1. Cywilnoprawna forma praw własności w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej ............................................99 5.2. Zasada ochrony praw własności w ustawie o prawach własności Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej (Property Rights Law of the People’s Republic of China) ....... 100 6. Rozstrzyganie sporów kontraktowych w chińskim systemie prawnym ................................................................. 104 6.1. Arbitraż jako sposób rozwiązywania sporów w chińskim systemie prawnym ........................................... 112 Rozdział III Plan powrotu Chin do pozycji mocarstwa światowego i rola administracji publicznej .......................................................117 1. Idea „czterech modernizacji” i jej realizacja .................................119 1.1. Modernizacja systemu finansowego w ChRL ........................123 1.2. Gospodarcze reformy systemowe ........................................125 1.3. Modernizacja przedsiębiorstw państwowych .......................127 1.4. Modernizacja edukacji ........................................................132 1.5. Reforma terenów niezurbanizowanych .............................. 134 1.6. Reforma industrialna terenów zurbanizowanych .................137 2. Skutki rewolucji cywilizacyjnej ................................................ 142 Rozdział IV Rola administracji publicznej w kształtowaniu relacji Chin z innymi państwami �������������������������������������������������������������������� 147 1. Znaczenie administracji publicznej Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w relacjach z organizacjami międzynarodowymi �������� 149 2. Rola administracji publicznej Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w stosunkach z Unią Europejską ...............................................157 3. Wpływ administracji publicznej Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej na czynniki ekologiczne ......................................................... 164 Rozdział V Pozycja Chin we współczesnej gospodarce światowej i rola administracji publicznej w jej kształtowaniu......................... 173 1. Wpływ technologiczny i gospodarczy Cesarstwa Chińskiego na świat ..................................................................................175 2. Udział Chin w światowej gospodarce .........................................178 3. Ekspansja kapitałowa Chin na rynki zagraniczne ...................... 189 4. Stosunki gospodarcze Chin z Unią Europejską i Stanami Zjednoczonymi ....................................................... 201 5. Perspektywy chińsko-rosyjskiej współpracy energetycznej .........213 6. Polityka gospodarcza a międzynarodowy transfer technologii i innowacyjności gospodarczej .............................. 223 Rozdział VI Rola administracji publicznej w modernizacji sił zbrojnych Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej ........................................................ 227 1. Prawne aspekty funkcjonowania organów sił zbrojnych i bezpieczeństwa publicznego ................................................. 229 2. Modernizacja konwencjonalnych sił zbrojnych na tle czołowych armii świata .................................................. 233 2.1. Siły lądowe ....................................................................... 239 2.2. Siły powietrzne ����������������������������������������������������������������� 242 2.3. Siły morskie ...................................................................... 246 2.4. Siły strategiczne ................................................................ 253 3. Doktryna wojny informacyjnej ................................................. 257 3.1. Wywiad satelitarny ������������������������������������������������������������ 262 3.2. Cyberszpiegostwo ������������������������������������������������������������ 264 4. Znaczenie sił militarnych w polityce zagranicznej Chin ............. 269 5. Potencjał jądrowy i jego rozwój na tle globalnych sił zbrojnych �� 274 6. Partnerstwo badawczo-rozwojowe ośrodków państwowych, wojskowych i cywilizacyjnych przedsiębiorstw chińskich ......... 278 6.1. Finansowanie rozwoju technologii w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej ........................................... 284 7. Ewolucja polityki bezpieczeństwa Chin na arenie międzynarodowej .................................................... 287 Rozdział VII Rola administracji publicznej w chińskiej ekspansji kulturowej ..... 293 1. Umacnianie chińskiej soft power w zakresie kultury .................. 295 2. Promocja kultury chińskiej jako element polityki mocarstwowej ������������������������������������������������������������ 297 3. Znaczenie patriotycznych miejsc pamięci w kształtowaniu pozycji Chin na świecie .......................................................... 299 4. Udział Chin w światowej promocji nauki i techniki ................... 306 5. Sport w chińskiej polityce mocarstwowej ................................... 311 Zakończenie ............................................................................... 315 Bibliografia ................................................................................. 319 Opracowania ............................................................................. 319 Artykuły internetowe .................................................................. 333 Adresy internetowe .................................................................... 337 Akty prawne .............................................................................. 341 Wykaz skrótów 1. Akty prawne BGB Niemiecki kodeks cywilny CPLPRC Ustawa o postępowaniu cywilnym Konstytucja Konstytucja Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej ChRL OZPC Ogólne zasady prawa cywilnego ZBG Szwajcarski kodeks cywilny 2. Inne APEC Wspólnota Gospodarcza Azji i Pacyfiku (ang. Asia- -Pacific Economic Cooperation) ARATS Association for Relations Across Straits ASEN Stowarzyszenie Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej (ang. Association of South-East Asian Nations) BIZ Bezpośrednie Inwestycje Zagraniczne (ang. Foreign Direct Investment – FDI) BŚ Bank Światowy CDM Clean Development Mechanism CNOOC China National Offshore Oil Corporation CRL Centralny Rząd Ludowy CLRR Cenralna Ludowa Rada Administracyjna CNP Complete National Power CNPC China National Petroleum Corporation 9 DPP Demokratyczna Partia Progresywna EWG Europejska Wspólnota Gospodarcza (Europen Econo- mic Community) ECFA Evengelical Council for Finacial Accountability ECUPL Wschodniochiński Uniwersytet Nauk Politycznych i Prawa KC KPCh Komitet Centralny Komunistycznej Partii Chin KPCh Komunistyczna Partia Chin LKKP Ludowa Konsultatywna Konferencja Polityczna KPCz Genewska Komisja Praw Człowieka KWE Komisja Wspólnot Europejskich NUC Rada Zjednoczenia Narodowego NPT Non-Proliferation Treaty NEAC Northeast Asian Conference on Environmental Coo- peration NEASPC North-East Asian Subregional Program on Environ- mental Cooperation NOWPAP Northwest
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