DOCSLIB.ORG

ANNUAL SALE SAVE ^50 Potter Ton's

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ANNUAL SALE SAVE ^50 Potter Ton's V \ \ V • '-A \Y V A' A \ i. A ^ FRIDAY, MARCH '18, 1970 PAGE TWENTY-FOUR Average Dally Net Preea Ron manrl;:e0trr lEiijitine ®Tralii For The Week Ended .The Weather January 14, 1970 Cloudy, enow tapering off to The frbe vision testing clinic ' Drug Charges fiurrlee by tonight. High, middle About Town for pre-school children from 3 to BIRTHDAYS, WEDDINGS, SHOWERS 30e tv near 40. Sunday variable 8 years of age will be held Mon­ 15,890 cloudlneea, little temperature tile Rev. James A. Birdsall, Face Teacher day from 9 a.m. to noon' at the Mancheater—A City of Village Charm change. vloar of St. Peter’s Episcopal Community Y, 79 N, Main St. VISIT Church In Wapplng, will conduct The clinic is sponsored by the In Glastonbury a service Sunday at 8:18 a.m. Manchester Public Health -A 44-year-old substitute ele­ VOL. LXXXIX, NO. 139 (EIGHTEEN PAGES—TV SECTION—TABLOID) MANCHESTER, CONN., SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1970 PRICE TEN CENTS on radio station WINF. The pro- Nursing Association. mentary school teacher la Authenticity I (Claaelflnd Advertleing on Page 18) (ram la sponsored by the ACan- awaiting a court hearing later chester Council of Churches and Members of the IfFW Auxili­ this month on two chargee of the Clergy Association of Man- ary with the colors will meet selling martjuaira. A UNIQUE GIFT SHOPPE <dieate^. , Sunday at 2:30 p.m. in front of After arresting Mrs. Jean V. Keith’s Furniture Store to march Watson of 317 Dug Rd., Glas­ MM U0MOII 70 E.CENTER St. * Kanchester Rod and Gun Club in the DeMolay parade. tonbury, on Thursday, police Yippie to Youth: will have its annual meeting and noted that neither of the drug­ MANCHESTER Conn. Tighter U.S. Rules election of officers tomorrow nt Sunseit Rebekah txxige will selling counts against her in­ 8 p.m. at the clubhouse. Dinner meet Monday at 8 p.m. at Odd volves students or other teach­ 647-1793 will he served at 6:30,^ Fellows Hail. Mrs. Marlon ers. Violate All Laws Glastonbury police accuse Straughan is In charge of re- OPPOSITE CAVEY'S_ NEW YORK (AP) — About to intervene in the appeal of The Senior Citizens.will spon­ fre.shments. Mrs. Watson of two separate Urged After Blasts sor a food sale and gift tabic selling incidents—onei In Jan­ BOO Columbia University stu­ contempt convictions issued dents have staged a brief sit-in By THB ASSOCIATED PRESS EYiday, April 3, from 9 a.m. to Girl Scout Oodette Troop 633 uary, and one In February. during the Chicago riot trial 3 p.m. at the Senior Citizens of St. James’ Church will have Appearing at the police station and smashed windows of four have been denied by the 7th Mayor .John V. Lind.say of New York has called for a Center, Myrtle and Linden Sts. a paper drive tomorrow from after learning that a warrant campus buildings to protest re- U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, strengthening of federal laws on explosives following 1110 event is open to the public. had been issued for her arrest, SPRMe HAS SPRIMNI AT REM’S jection by the school’s senate of The judges wished to appear 9 a.m. to noon at 731 Parker ORCHARD FRE8H 1 Hoes, Red ai«s:floIden Deiloloos, BiiMet, several explosions and hundreds of bomb scares in many Those wishing to donate articles St. Mrs. Watson filed a $1,000 bond a move to provide bail for 12 as friends of the court tn an at- for 'the sale may contact Mrs. and was released. She is sched­ Cortl&nda, Baldwins. Black Panthers facing bomb- tempt to find a definition of the of the nation’s cities. John Vince of 227 McKee St. or FRESH: Aaporogas, Spinach, Gwfan and Saying that New York City uled' to appear in Circuit Court Peaa, Boston Lettuce, Leeks, Dandelions, Wa­ conspiracy charges. proper limits of the contempt has stringent laws regulating the Senior Citizens Center. ’The Dtscipleship Class of 12 at East Hartford on March The 2Vi-hour sit-in Friday at power of a federal court. The Community Baptist Church will tercress, Now Florida Potatoes, Beigiuin ^dlve, the sale and transportation of Publisher 30. Sbalots, Artichokes, CsuUBsiwer, Onen H«a^ Columbia’s Business School fol- two petitions said power to pun- The Couples Club of Com­ meet tomorrow at 11 a.m. at the explosives, Lindsay called on Youth Building of the church. Turnips, Buttemiit Squash, BteoooU, Bhnlwih, lowed an afternoon rally in ish contempt is essential to a the U.S. Justice Department munity Baptist. Church will Sweet Potatoes. which Abbie, Hoffmap, one of judge’s role, have a dinner tomorrow at IMPORTED: Seedless Grapes, Blue Grapes, Emperor Friday to sponsor equally Dies in Blast ”1116 Young Couples of Trin­ LTM Sets Dates the Chicago Seven and a Yippie The only judge in the district strong federal laws on explo­ 6:45' p.m. In Pellowship Hall Jaffa Oranges, U|^l Fndt, Pineapples, H o^- leader, told the students, ”Ylp- who did not sign the petitions of the church. John Rogers, a ity Covenant Church will have ToCast‘Luv’ dews, CentahHqies, Spanish Melons, Coconuts, sives. a progresssive dinner party to­ Tangerines, Temple and Navel Oranges, Bart­ pies believe in violation of every was Judge Julius J. Hoffman, He said it was believed that local historian, will speak on law, including the law of gravi- who presided over the riot con- In Bolivia “Blcuik History."- morrow starting at 6:30 p.m. ’Hie Little ’Theatre of Man­ lett Pears, Strawberries, Watermelons. explosives from outside the city at the home of Mr. and Mrs. chester (L’TM) will hold open Our Fresh Cold Cuts Are Not Packaged ty.” splracy trial and handed out the were used in blasts Thursday LA PAZ, Bolivia (AP) — A 1 Henry Ask, 131 Birch Hill Dr., Ballet Performance in Lutz Series casting next ’Tuesday and WEEKEND SPECIALS In another development, the contempt citations to the two which caused extensive damage dynamite explosion killed Alfre- Wapplng. Reservations may be ’Thursday, and on Monday, FANCY LETTUCE....................................... head student-faculty governing body defense attorneys and the seven to corporation offices in three do Alexander, publisher of two WANTED made by calling Mrs. Daniel On March 21 at 1:30 p.m. in ing the ball. In the dressing shows, and was a member of March 23 at 8 p.m. in the LTM of Union Thelogical Seminary defendants, Manhattan skyscrapers and La Paz dally newspapers, and scene that opens the ballet. Miss in 1966, and has presented more CUKES............................................................ 2 for recommended that their school In denying the judges’ reQuest Peterson, 29 Northfield S t the East Cathodic High School rooms at 22 Oak St. for their MACS........................................................ 6 qt tag 72^ preceded the national wave of his wife this morning, <3caii. Late Model auditorium, the final program Karen Parailer, as Cinderella, is the Radio City Music Hall b£d- spring production of ”Luv.” provide $400,000 from the semi- a friend of the court brief, bomb scares. The explosion, at their tom between laughing and cry­ let group. CALIF. TANGERINES................................. do*. 7 9 t ’The Junior High Methodist in the Lutz Junior Museum se­ TTie comedy by Murray Schis- nary’s endowment for the ball, the appeals court said Friday: New York police continued t6 home in the suburb of San USED CARS Youth Fellowship of South ing as she harbors thoughts of Mrs. Dorothy Silverherz of gal reQuires a cast of two men We Carry The Manobester Evening Herald But John C. Bennett, seminary ”We are of the opinion that it evacuate and search many Jorge, took place at 7 :B5 a.m. ries for its junior membership also going to the Eiffalr. West Hartford is co-director EUid Top Prices Paid United Methodist Church will will be given when the Connecti­ and one woman, and will be di­ COBIFLETE LINE OF SUNDAY PAPERS president, said the group had no would be virtually impossible buildings Friday as the city to- Death of the prominent couple meet tonight at 7:30 p.m. The Connecticut Valley Re­ a featured dancer. She 1ms per­ rected by Robert Donnelly. Per- power over the institution’s $27 for the applicants to present For All Makes! cut Valley Regional Co. per­ gional Ballet Co. was formed tal of telephoned bomb scares was confirmed by Information formances "Cinderella” and a formed with the City Center ormEuices are scheduled for million endowment. views of law which would be rel- since Thursday morning Minister Alberto Baliey. than 30 performances. Miss de Op^ra Ballet sind on Broadway. May 21, 22 and 23, at Bailey Hoffman referred to recent evant and at the same time CARTER CHEVROLET Eiast Central Pomona will shorter ballet, “Dreams.” The Anguera. its director, is also di- reached 890. Informants said children of sponsor a roast beef supper to­ She is presently on the faculties Auditorium. antlestabllshment . bombings avoid at least the appearance of Police have made no arrests the Alexanders, also in the \ music for "Cinderella” is by riactor of the Ballet Theatre of the Hartford .Jewish Center C O .. IN C . morrow from 5 to 7 p.m. at Prokofieff. Area residents Interested in PETDA here as "better living through advocacy of the interests of in the bombings case but said it hoiue, were imharmed. School of Springfield, Mass, and and the Hartford Conservatory. appearing in the play are in­ I PRODUCE!" 1229 Main S t Hillstown Grange, 617 Hills St., In the scene above.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Remembering the Cuban Missile Crisis: Should We Swallow Oral History? Author(S): Mark Kramer, Bruce J
    Remembering the Cuban Missile Crisis: Should We Swallow Oral History? Author(s): Mark Kramer, Bruce J. Allyn, James G. Blight and David A. Welch Reviewed work(s): Source: International Security, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Summer, 1990), pp. 212-218 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2538987 . Accessed: 18/09/2012 11:15 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The MIT Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Security. http://www.jstor.org Correspondence MarkKramer Remembering the Cuban Missile Crisis: BruceJ. Allyn, Should We Swallow Oral History? JamesG. Blight,and DavidA. Welch To the Editors: Bruce Allyn, James Blight, and David Welch should be congratulatedfor a splendid review of some of the most importantfindings from their joint researchon the Cuban missile crisis, including the conferences they helped organize in Hawk's Cay, Cam- bridge, and Moscow.' They have performed an invaluable service for both historians and political scientists. Nevertheless, the research methodology that Allyn, Blight, and Welch (henceforth AB&W)have used is not without its drawbacks.Although their work has given us a much better understanding of the Americanside of the Cuban missile crisis, I am not sure we yet have a better understanding of the Soviet side.
    [Show full text]
  • Intelligence Report
    \@@ .. .. APPROVED FOR RELEASE DATE: JUN 2007 ;? ;? , .I .. :: .... ......... :.n ... _..L . :?! .. .,... ... .... - _.. .. .., .. ... ....I .. ... _... DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE Intelligence Report ANNEX : I .. THE STALIN ISSUE AND THE SOVIET LEADERSHIP STRUGGLE -.I (Reference Title: CAESAR XXXII) RSS No. 0030A/68 17 July 1968 THE STALIN ISSUE AND THE SOVIET LEAdERSHIP STRUGGLE This Annex supplies the bulk of detailed information and analysis upon which the Intelligence Report entitled, "The Stalin Issue and the Soviet Leadership Struggle," pub- lished 5 July 1968, was based. It is being circulated as a reference for the benefit of those who follow Soviet internal affairs in detail. ................. .- . The is divided into three chronological sec- ...................... -. Annex ................ ......-. first .. ... -. tions with three further sub-divisions in each. The ....... sub-division deals with the use of the Stalin issue in the Soviet leadership struggle. The second considers the prac- tical effects on intellectual freedom resulting from a policy of greater restrictions and central controls, The third sub-division traces the treatment of the Stalin issue in Soviet communications media. The Annex is not a coordinated document. The research analyst responsible for preparing the study is Carolyn Ekedahl. John Kerry King Oh&ef, DDI Special Research Staff Contents Page POINT COUNTERPOINT Khrushchev's Fall to Shelepin's Set-Back: October 1964- December 1965 Leadership The Sides Are Formed .............1 Shelepin's Drive for Power ..........4 Brezhnev Undermines Shelepin ........ .ll Intellectuals Press For More Freedom ............14 ... The Neo-Stalinists Push; The .... ...... , .-.,..-- . ......... .I; :" ....... .I Moderates Counter ............. .16 .. :, ._._. i :: :. ......... ._.. Stalin Themes .. Criticism of Stalin Continues. ........ .20 Drive to Restore Stalin's Image Begins ... -23 Anti-Stalinists Continue to Resist ....
    [Show full text]
  • Gabinete Adjunto De Crisis KGB Guerra Fría
    Gabinete Adjunto de Crisis KGB Guerra Fría 12 DE MARZO DE 1947 [email protected] Manual de Procedimientos COSMUN 2020 Manual de Procedimientos GAC Presidente: Gregorio Noreña Vice-Presidente: Ilana Garza 1. Página de portada 2. Cartas de la mesa 2.1. Carta del presidente 2.2. Carta del vice presidente 3. ¿Qué es un GAC? (Composición) 3.1. Gabinetes 3.2. Sala de crisis 3.3. Funcionamiento 4. Historia 4.1. Creación de la KGB 4.2. La KGB en el bloque socialista 4.3. Esctructura 5. La Guerra Fría 5.1. Introducción 5.2. Antecedentes históricos 5.3. Información general 5.4. Guerras subsidiarias 5.5. Final de la guerra 6. Situación Actual 6.1. (1947) 7. Cargos 7.1. Presidente del consejo de ministros de la Unión Soviética 2 7.2. Presidente del presidium del Soviet Supremo 7.3. Primer viceprimer ministro de la Unión Soviética (3) 7.4. Secretario general del partido comunista de la Unión Soviética 7.5. Director de la KGB 7.6. Ministro de relaciones exteriores de la Unión Soviética 7.7. Embajador de la Unión Soviética a los Estados Unidos 7.8. Representante permanente de la Unión Soviética ante las Naciones Unidas 7.9. Ministro de justicia de la Unión Soviética 8. Personajes importantes 8.1. Iósif Stalin 8.2. Nikita Jrushchov 8.3. Leonid Brézhnev 8.4. Nikolái Bulganin 8.5. Vasili Mitrojin 8.6. Albrecht Dittrich/Jack Barsky 8.7. Andrei Zhdanov 8.8. Mijail Gorbachov 8.9. Aleksei Kosyguin 8.10. Nikolai Podgorni 8.11. Konstantin Chernenko 8.12.
    [Show full text]
  • Ambition, Personalist Regimes, and Control of Authoritarian Leaders
    Article Journal of Theoretical Politics 2017, Vol. 29(2) 167–190 Ambition, personalist ©The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: regimes, and control of sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI:10.1177/0951629816630434 authoritarian leaders journals.sagepub.com/home/jtp Svetlana Kosterina Princeton University, NJ, USA Abstract Why do elites in some authoritarian regimes but not others remove from power the leaders who harm their interests? We develop a formal theory explaining this. The theory shows how elites’ ambition prevents them from controlling authoritarian leaders. Because ambitious elites are willing to stage coups to acquire power even when the leader is good, ambition renders elites’ claims that the leader’s actions harm them less credible, making the other elites less likely to support coups. We show that the impact of the proportion of competent politicians on per- sonalist regimes is non-monotonic: personalist regimes are most likely to emerge not only when there are few competent politicians but also when there are lots of them. We also provide in- sight into which elites become coup-plotters. The theory explains the emergence of personalist regimes, the frequency of coups, and why some authoritarian countries enjoy a more competent leadership than others. Keywords authoritarian regimes; political control; coups 1. Introduction Why do some authoritarian leaders remain in power in spite of not providing the benefits of the authoritarian rule to their followers? There is considerable variation in whether leaders who appear to pursue ill-advised policies out of incompetence are removed through coups or continue to stay in power despite harming the interests of authoritar- ian elites.
    [Show full text]
  • THE KABUL " R.'I( J.Iiu M
    FOR SHEER . DEIIGHT THE KABUL " r.'i( j.iiu m . -- v...i.mu VOL. VII, NO. 253 KABUL, THURSDAY, JANUARY 23, 1969 (DALW 3, 1347 S.H.) PRICE AF. 4 SECOND FAMILY Israel deputy PM proposes settlement in occupied areas GUIDANCE CLINIC TEL AVIV, Jan. 23, (Reuter). town in the Hebron region, also on Israel's deputy prime minister, Bri- the west bank, gadier General Ylgdal Alton, last The gerieral, who made his new night Jewish in proposal at a question-and-answ- er IN 1 proposed settlement OPENED KABUL yy " II yf i Is- I V"-'-- '' y-- A specific parts of Arab territory cap- session at a youth club of, the ' KABUL, Jan. 23, (Bfckhtar). Her Royal Highness Princess if tured during, the six-da- y war in raeli Labour Party here confirmed Khatol yesterday afternoon opened the Karte Seh Family, Plan-"nin- g June 1967. earlier press reports that he had Clinic. AHon, 51, author pf the "Allon asked to be replaced as a member The function held on this occasion at the clinic premises on plan", said Israeli villages should of four ministerial committees, in- key policy-maki- body Darulaman road by the Family Planning Association of Afghan- be established on the west bank cluding the of the river Jordan and in the Sinai. on the security affairs. was by Public Health Minister Miss Kubra Nourzai, istan attended Peninsua, He also suggested a new Some officials earlier said they Pub- members of the association and high ranking officials of the believed General Alton's resigna- vv lic Health Ministry.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt and the Soviet Union, 1953-1970
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1986 Egypt and the Soviet Union, 1953-1970 John W. Copp Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the African Studies Commons, History Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Copp, John W., "Egypt and the Soviet Union, 1953-1970" (1986). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3797. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5681 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE thesis of John w. Copp for the Master of Arts in History presented April 7, 1986. Title: Egypt and the Soviet Union, 1953-1970 APPROVED BY THE MEMBERS OF THE~IS COMMITTEE -------- --------- The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze in detail the many aspects of the Soviet-Egyptian friendship as it developed from 1953 to 1970. The relationship between the two is extremely important because it provides insight into the roles of both Egypt aand the Soviet Union in both the history of the Middle East and in world politics. The period from 1953 to 1970 is key in understanding the relationship between the two states because it is the period of the genesis of the relationship and a period in which both nations went through marked changes in both internal policy and their external relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded231021 from Brill.Com10/02/2021 04:08:32PM Via Free Access Flexible Sovereignties of the Revolutionary State 179
    Journal of the history of International Law 19 (2017) 178–199 JHIL brill.com/jhil Flexible Sovereignties of the Revolutionary State: Soviet Republics Enter World Politics Sabine Dullin Sciences Po, Paris, France [email protected] Etienne Forestier-Peyrat University of Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France; Sciences Po, Paris, France [email protected] Abstract When Stalin demanded in 1944 that all Soviet Union republics be admitted to the UN, he revealed a conception of sovereignty that diverged from the usual perception of Soviet diplomacy as exceedingly centralised. Soviet theories and practices of sover- eignty consisted indeed in a mix of contradictory elements, illustrating the communist criticism of bourgeois international law, but also a willingness to re-use parts of it and tailor them to new political needs. This article focuses on this elastic approach to sov- ereignty, its legal expression and diplomatic rationale. Particular attention is paid to the sovereignty of Union republics, central to Soviet legal rhetoric, that led them to be active in the international arena in the 1920s and after 1944, and develop state institu- tions that would smooth up the transition to independence after 1991. Keywords Soviet Union − sovereignty − federalism − subjects of international law − paradiplomacy − Ukraine − Communism − law of treaties 1 Flexible Sovereignties of the Revolutionary State “We now suggest to enable Union republics to establish direct diplomatic rela- tions with foreign states and sign treaties with them”, Soviet People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs Vjacheslav Molotov solemnly announced at the end of © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���7 | doi �0.��63/�57�8050-�9Downloaded�3�0�� from Brill.com10/02/2021 04:08:32PM via free access Flexible Sovereignties of the Revolutionary State 179 January 1944, during a Central Committee plenum of the Party.1 This speech introduced a reform that created republic commissariats for Foreign Affairs and Defence, two fields that seemed previously to be the preserve of Soviet federal authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced from the Microfilm Master. UMI Films the Text Directly from the Origina
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9407439 Determinants of Soviet foreign policy: A study of Soviet policy toward Pakistan, 1960-1971 Hussain, Farhat, Ph.D. The American University, 1993 Copyright ©1994 by Hussain, Farhat.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Economic Reform and the Restructuring of Interests
    Russian Economic Reform and the Restructuring of Interests LYNN D. NELSON AND IRINA Y. K UZES t the time that Gorbachev became general secretary of the Communist Party Aof the Soviet Union (CPSU), the party’s monopoly position in the political sphere, and its rationale for playing the dominant role in economic and social arrangements, centered on a single thesis—one that had been prominently stated and emphatically endorsed since Lenin’s time. The party so fully represented the people’s will, it was held, that “the interests of the people and the interests of the Party are one.”1 More specifically, as party leaders emphasized repeatedly, the interests of the working class were preeminent. The entire society was expected to promote working class interests unswervingly. Kirill Mazurov presented a typ- ical statement of this doctrine during the 1968 anniversary celebrations, declar- ing that “in the Soviet state there is not, and there cannot be, any social group which would have the privilege of evaluating its own activity otherwise than from the viewpoint of the aims and political interests of the working class.”2 With this doctrine as the mainstay of party control, Vladimir Mau observes, when any reforms were introduced they were expected to support “the illusion about the existence of a broad unity throughout the entire society.”3 Gorbachev broke with this orthodoxy. From the beginning of his tenure as gen- eral secretary and even earlier, he insistently drew attention to interest divergence in Soviet society—at first, in an effort to pursue the hoped-for homogeneity of advanced socialism, but soon in an attempt to make divergences of interest a lever in his restructuring campaign.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Prague Spring on the USSR
    1 The Impact of the Prague Spring on the USSR Zbigniew Wojnowski The Prague Spring marked the end of de-Stalinisation in the USSR.1 Over the previous fifteen years, the Soviet leadership had searched for ways to rekindle popular faith in the communist system after the traumas of Stalinism. Following Nikita Khrushchev’s ‘Secret Speech’ at the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in February 1956, rank-and-file party members were encouraged to take a more active role in debating and implementing policy. Most prisoners were released from the Gulag in the first few years after Stalin’s death as the new leadership relied more on persuasion and material incentives, and less on terror and coercion, to mould people into Soviet citizens. Censorship was relaxed, though fundamental aspects of the political, social and economic system were still beyond criticism in the USSR’s public culture.2 These ambitious attempts to foster new forms of ‘participatory citizenship’ were curtailed with Khrushchev’s ouster from the Kremlin in October 1964.3 But until the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, Leonid Brezhnev's team still saw gradual economic reform and limited intellectual and cultural openings as a means of winning popular legitimacy.4 The Soviet Union’s relations with Czechoslovakia and other East European satellite states reflected the broader dynamics of de-Stalinisation. Czechoslovakia remained politically, militarily and economically dependent on the USSR. At the same time, the late 1950s saw the emergence of special organisations devoted to promoting new types of transnational contacts between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Belarus: Questions of Language
    EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, Vol. 55, No. 7, 2003, 1009–1047 Understanding Belarus: Questions of Language GRIGORY IOFFE After communists, most of all I hate anti-communists (Sergei Dovlatov)1 BELARUS IS LOCATED in the geographical centre of Europe, it suffered the highest death toll in World War II relative to its pre-war population, and it was one of the co-founders of the United Nations. Yet Belarus enjoys perhaps the lowest name recognition of all Europe’s countries. Belarus is also the home and/or ancestral land of many eminent personalities such as Guillaume Apollinaire, Erwin Berlin, Marc Chagall, Fedor Dostoevsky, Felix Dzierzynski, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Simon Kuznets, Adam Mickiewicz, Stanislaw Moniuszko, David Sarnow, Igor Stravinsky, Lev Vygotsky and four prime ministers of the state of Israel (Golda Meir, Menachem Begin, Itzhak Shamir and Shimon Peres). Yet none of these people ever identified themselves as a Belarusian, and none of them publicly expressed an opinion about the Belarusian national cause. Modern Belarus baffles Western observers as no other post-Soviet state. The republic’s economy is arguably in poor shape: barter reigns supreme in domestic transactions, and international investment is scarce. Yet the state has a strong manufacturing base, which seems to have largely recovered in the late 1990s. Belarus, which has been politically isolated in Europe, is governed by a man who comes across to many as an autocratic buffoon. However, Alyaksandr Lukashenka, the country’s leader, was re-elected in a landslide in September 2001;2 and neither Western observers nor domestic opposition question his popularity at home.
    [Show full text]
  • Shcherbytskyi, Ukraine, and Kremlin Politics
    Shcherbytskyi, Ukraine, and Kremlin Politics By Yaroslav Bilinsky n May 28, 1982, there took place the festive the ceremonies in Kiev, therefore, would have been celebration of the 1,500th anniversary of the most desirable from the viewpoint of Shcherbytskyi, founding of Kiev, the capital of the Ukrainian who certainly tried to have Brezhnev take part.4 By Soviet Socialist Republic, deliberately planned to coin- traveling to Kiev, Brezhnev would have symbolically cide with the 60th anniversary of the formation of the expressed confidence in Shcherbytskyi, which might 1 Soviet Union. The Central Committee of the Commu- have boosted the latter's career. Shcherbytskyi must nist Party of the Soviet Union (CC CPSU), the Presidi- have felt that the outlook for him was not very bright. um of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and the Coun- Not only had Yuriy Andropov preempted the post in cil of Ministers of the USSR awarded the city an Order the CC CPSU Secretariat left vacant by Mikhail of Friendship of Peoples and sent a congratulatory Suslov's death, but Ukrainian KGB Chief Vitalii message. The festivities were attended by "delega- Fedorchuk was advanced to a job in Moscow while tions of the capital of our Fatherland, Moscow, of Shcherbytskyi was not.5 Thus, in May 1982 Leningrad, of the Russian Federation, of the Byelorus- sian SSR, of the capitals of the fraternal union repub- lics, of the hero-cities of Volgograd, Sevastopol', 'The connection between the two events had been explicitly made by Volodymyr Shcherbytskyi, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, in a speech to Odessa, Novorossiysk, Kerch, Tula, of the hero- party secretaries on June 8, 1981: "Next year we will celebrate the 60th anniversary fortress of Brest, of all oblasts of Ukraine.
    [Show full text]