DOCSLIB.ORG

Country Located in the Arabian Peninsula

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Country Located in the Arabian Peninsula Dec 2012 OE Threat Assessment: Saudi Arabia TRADOC G-2 Intelligence Support Activity (TRISA) Complex Operational Environment and Threat Integration Directorate (CTID) [Type the author name] United States Army 6/1/2012 OE Threat Assessment: Saudi Arabia Introduction Saudi Arabia is a Middle Eastern country located in the Arabian Peninsula. On 23 September 1932, after a 30-year campaign, Abd al-Aziz bin Abd al-Rahman al-Saud united the Arab tribes of the Arabian Peninsula to form the modern state of Saudi Arabia. Since its establishment, a descendent of al-Saud has ruled the monarchy, formally named the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia wields considerable political, religious, and economic power by virtue of its sizable petroleum reserves and its status as the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the cradle of Islam. A strong ally of the U.S., Saudi Arabia has adversarial neighbors, and is a critical resource supplier to many Western countries. Political Saudi Arabia is a monarchy in which the king must be a male descendant of Abd al-Aziz bin Abd al-Rahman al-Saud, the first king of Saudi Arabia. The present king, coronated in 2005, is Abdallah bin Abd al-Aziz al-Saud. Abdullah serves as both king and prime minister, and is also the head of state and government. Every four years, the prime minister appoints all members of the Majlis al-Shura (legislature) and two-thirds of the members of the Council of Ministers (cabinet), with the remainder being elected. King Abdallah has initiated some reforms since taking power, including appointing more moderates to ministerial and judicial positions. Reform efforts were stepped up starting in 2010 due to the “Arab Spring” uprisings and included salary increases, unemployment benefits, the institution of elections for municipal council seats, and the granting of female suffrage – the latter to be instituted in 2015. No formal political parties are officially recognized by the monarchy, though unofficial groups exist across the political spectrum. The most pressing political issues in the kingdom are terrorism and minority Shia unrest. Al- Qaeda in the Arab Peninsula (AQAP) continues to subvert the government and conduct attacks against the nation’s oil industry. Protests and clashes between the kingdom’s security forces and the minority Shia population highlight the sectarian tensions that persist. During 2009-2011 a Shia cleric and several activists were arrested and a number of mosques were closed in a government effort to contain the problem. A Sunni Islam state, Saudi Arabia often finds itself at odds with Shia-dominated Iran. One particular area of concern is Iranian control of the Strait of Hormuz, which is crucial to the export of regional hydrocarbons. Iran’s frequent threats to close the strait for political reasons has caused Saudi Arabia and its neighbors to begin exploring ways to bypass the waterway altogether. Other issues include frequent clashes along the Saudi Arabia-Yemen border, talks 2 UNCLASSIFIED OE Threat Assessment: Saudi Arabia with Kuwait and Iran over their borders in the Persian Gulf, and the country claiming ownership of two Egyptian-administered islands in the Red Sea. The Saudi Monarchy views the U.S. as a key strategic ally and was the largest U.S. trading partner in the Middle East as of 2010. Military Non-State Paramilitary Forces Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) AQAP was founded in the early 2000s in Saudi Arabia and merged with the Yemeni branch of al Qaeda in 2009. The current leader is Nasir Abd al-Karim al-Wuhayshi, aka Abu Basir. The organization’s goal is threefold: to expel Jews and Christians from the Arabian Peninsula; to establish an Islamic caliphate under Sharia law; and to “liberate” Muslim lands. AQAP also opposes al-Shabab al-Muminin, a Zaydi Shia group in Yemen that it believes to be an agent of Iran. The group maintains its headquarters and a training camp near al-Jarbah village in Sa’ada governorate, Yemen, and controls part of Abyan and Zinjibar governorates as well. It has been known to operate under the name Ansar al-Sharia as well as the more familiar AQAP. The Saudi government continues to crack down on this group rather effectively, while the Yemeni government has had only limited success. AQAP usually performs attacks in Yemen, but has also done so in Saudi Arabia, the U.S., the UAE, and Great Britain. Attacks of particular note include a double suicide bombing against tourists in Yemen, the attempted assassination of Saudi Arabia’s Deputy Interior Minister, the attempted bombing of a UPS flight using a rigged printer cartridge; the attack on the USS Cole; and the infamous “underwear bomber” in the United States. Common tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) include small arms attacks, IEDs – including suicide bombers, assassinations, and kidnappings, primarily against government and security forces, oil infrastructure, and al- Shabab al-Muminin. The group receives funding mainly through zakat – the donation to the poor required by Islam – and through collections taken at mosques. AQAP is believed to possess the following weapons and equipment: Kalashnikov rifles PK machine guns B10 recoilless guns Rocket-propelled grenades Hand grenades Heavy machineguns Mines Mortars SA-7 MANPADS M1113 APC 20mm Vulcan AD System (truck 122mm D30 howitzer mounted) 23mm ZU-23-2 AA gun (some are truck mounted) 3 UNCLASSIFIED OE Threat Assessment: Saudi Arabia Additional Groups Groups that have previously been active in Saudi Arabia include the Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi Battalion and al-Haramayn Brigades. While these groups have not been known to have committed any attacks in the past several years, there is insufficient information to determine whether or not they are, in fact, still active. A third group, Hizbullah al-Hijaz (Saudi Hizbullah), denounced violence in the early 2000s and has since focused on social and religious topics. Any one of these groups has the potential, given the right impetus, to regroup and recommence attacks in the country. Nonmilitary Armed Combatants There are approximately 6,000,000 privately owned firearms in Saudi Arabia. This is a concern, as there is an active Shia dissident movement that regularly conducts illegal protests and demonstrations, and these firearms could easily be put to use by this movement. Many clashes have occurred with government security forces, yet none have involved firearms to date. Additionally, the kingdom perceives the instability along its southern border in Yemen as a serious threat to its national security. Armed but not necessarily paramilitary groups are present in Yemen that may cause threats to Saudi Arabia. These include and numerous tribal groups led by sheikhs and al-Shabab al-Muminin. Al-Shabab al-Muminin Al-Shabab al-Muminin (“Believing Youth”) is a Zaydi Shia religious movement active in Sa’ada governorate. Led by Abdul Malik al Houthi, the group is stridently anti-U.S. and has engaged in conflict multiple times with Yemeni security forces. In 2010 it clashed with Saudi Arabian forces on the country’s border, resulting in hundreds dead. Prior to signing a peace agreement with the government in February 2010, al-Shabab al-Muminin’s main target was the Yemeni military. It has since chosen to focus its attacks on pro-government Sunni tribes and has earned the ire of AQAP, which has committed several SVBIED attacks against the Shia group. Preferred tactics are guerrilla-style small arms attacks – such as raids and ambushes – and IEDs, though assault tactics have been used. Al-Shabab al-Muminin is believed to possess the following weapons and equipment: Ak-series rifles Rocket-propelled grenades Heavy machine guns Mines Explosives Mortars Surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) T-54 MBTs (possible) T-55 MBTs (possible) Artillery (possible) Recoilless guns (possible) Communications interception and jamming equipment (possible) 4 UNCLASSIFIED OE Threat Assessment: Saudi Arabia State Security Forces Based on 2010 estimates, the Saudi Ministry of Defense commands a total of about 233,500 troops, when counting both active duty soldiers and active national guardsmen. The major military branches under the Ministry of Defense include the Royal Saudi Land Forces (RSLF), Royal Saudi Naval Forces (RSNF), Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF), Royal Saudi Air Defense Force (RSADF), Royal Saudi Strategic Rocket Forces (RSSRF), Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG), Saudi Royal Guard Brigade (SRB), and Saudi Emergency Force (SEF). ARMY Armored Equipment in Service M1A2 Main Battle Tank 373 M113/A1 Armored 1,700 AML-60, Armored 110 Personnel Carrier and Reconnaissance Vehicle BMP-3 M-60A3 Main Battle Tank 450 Oto Melera VCC-1 with 224 AML-90, Armored 190 TOW (upgraded M113) Reconnaissance Vehicle AMX-30 Main Battle 290 Fuchs-2 Nuclear, 36 AMX-10P 570 Tank (Active) (storage) Biological, and Chemical Warfare Vehicle Panhard M3 Armored 150 Piranhas VCC-1 (upgraded 499 M88 Armored Recovery 92 Personnel Carrier M113; many with TOW) Vehicle M-2A2 Bradley with 400 LAV-AG 130 M578 Armored Recovery 60 25mm Cannon Turret Vehicle and twin TOW Launcher Artillery Systems in Service 203mm M-115 Howitzer, Unk 155mm FH-70 Howitzer, 38 81mm and 107mm Mortar, 180 towed towed towed 155mm M109A 1/2 110 155mm M-114 Howitzer, 50 120mm Mortar, towed 48 Howitzer, self-propelled towed 155mm GCT 51 ASTROS II Multiple Rocket 60 107mm M106 A1/A2 150 Howitzer, Launcher self-propelled 155mm M101/102 Howitzer, Unk 81mm Mortar, mounted 70 M548 Ammunition Carrier 36 towed 155mm M-198 Howitzer, 26 M-30, 4.2 inch Mortar, 150 M992
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Middle East Nuclear Arms Control Regime Simulation Conference
    Middle East Nuclear Arms Control Regime Simulation Conference ** Country Summaries ** Directions: These summaries give a brief overview of several key factors – powers, constraints, domestic and international pressures – about each country. Each country is organized in the same way. Countries are listed alphabetically. Summaries are based on current political science data about nuclear capabilities, trade, the type of government, democracy and Freedom House scores, diplomatic recognition, alliances, and United Nations voting history. Participants are required to read the summary of the country they will represent. Feel free to read the others if you would like information on the constraints and powers of other countries. You may also conduct your own research. Do your best to internalize the constraints and pressures of the country you represent. Use this information to help formulate the best negotiation plan for your country. Additional resources are available at http://slramirez.github.io/idp.html. Table of Contents China p. 3-11 Egypt p. 12-22 Iran p. 23-32 Iraq p. 33-41 Israel p. 42-52 Jordan p. 53-61 Libya p. 62-69 Qatar p. 70-79 Russia p. 80-89 Saudi Arabia p. 90-99 United Arab Emirates p. 100-108 United States p. 109-118 Bibliography p. 119-129 2 The People’s Republic of China China and Nuclear Weapon Free Zones As one of the most powerful nations in the world with its large population, economy, and status as a nation possessing nuclear weapons, The People’s Republic of China is a nation with a vital interest in and strong influence over the negotiations for a nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle East.
    [Show full text]
  • Profile of a Prince Promise and Peril in Mohammed Bin Salman’S Vision 2030
    BELFER CENTER PAPER Profile of a Prince Promise and Peril in Mohammed bin Salman’s Vision 2030 Karen Elliott House SENIOR FELLOW PAPER APRIL 2019 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 www.belfercenter.org Statements and views expressed in this report are solely those of the author and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, the Harvard Kennedy School, or the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Design and layout by Andrew Facini Cover photo: Fans react as they watch the “Greatest Royal Rumble” event in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Friday, April 27, 2018. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil) Copyright 2019, President and Fellows of Harvard College Printed in the United States of America BELFER CENTER PAPER Profile of a Prince Promise and Peril in Mohammed bin Salman’s Vision 2030 Karen Elliott House SENIOR FELLOW PAPER APRIL 2019 About the Author Karen Elliott House is a senior fellow at the Belfer Center and author of On Saudi Arabia: Its People, Past, Religion, Fault Lines—and Future, published by Knopf in 2012. During a 32-year career at The Wall Street Journal she served as diplomatic correspondent, foreign editor, and finally as publisher of the paper. She won a Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting in 1984 for her coverage of the Middle East. She is chairman of the RAND Corporation. Her earlier Belfer Center reports on Saudi Arabia, “Saudi Arabia in Transition: From Defense to Offense, But How to Score?” (June 2017), and “Uneasy Lies the Head that Wears a Crown” (April 2016) can be found at www.belfercenter.org.
    [Show full text]
  • THE REPORT Saudi Arabia 2020
    THE REPORT Saudi Arabia 2020 ECONOMY ICT JEDDAH INDUSTRY UTILITIES CAPITAL MARKETS ENERGY BANKING ENTERTAINMENT TRANSPORT EDUCATION INTERVIEWS www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com SPECIAL EDITION KIICO 0 4 3 8 1 5 2 1 9 1 8 7 9 CONTENTS SAUDI ARABIA 2020 5 49 Privatisation push: Dedicated framework ISBN 978-1-912518-52-4 supports a more cooperative approach between Editor-in-Chief: Oliver Cornock the government and investors Regional Editor, Middle East: Billy 51 Interview: Anas Alfaris, President, King Abdulaziz FitzHerbert City for Science and Technology Editorial Managers: Alban Serin, Eduardo Brandi, Carlos Ortega 52 Interview: Saad bin Othman Al Kasabi, Governor, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Group Managing Editor: Laura Nelson Chief Sub-Editor: Tim Owens Organisation Deputy Chief Sub-Editors: Jennifer 53 Regional leader: The Kingdom is set to play a key Ma, Kayla Moser Senior Sub-Editor: Dominic Mealy role in strengthening global cooperation and Senior Sub-Editor, Digital: John Gray coordination Writer and Editor, Digital: Alex Pichaloff 55 Tax liabilities: Impacts of the trend towards Sub-Editors: Kevin Mataraci, Teresa lower corporate tax rates on developed and Meoni, Morgan Soares-Astbury, Lizzie Staying on course developing economies Waymouth Analysts: Lloyd Belton, Jade Currie, Page 41 TRADE & INVESTMENT Tom Hill, Andy Peters, Charles Phillips Real GDP grew by 0.3% in 2019, down from 2.2% 58 Global partnerships: Government support for Head of Research: Susan Manoğlu Editorial Researchers: Kasia Kuğay, in 2018. While this is a muted performance by economic diversification is set to substantially Beatriz Trigueros historical standards, some areas of the econ- increase opportunities for investment Group Creative Director: Yonca Ergin omy showed great promise: non-oil GDP ex- 62 Improved inflows: New initiatives are enhancing Art Editors: Catherine Celeste, Zahra panded by 3.3% during the year, and non-oil the appeal of the Kingdom to international Rashid Junior Graphic Associate: Babylynne private sector growth hit 3.8%, a five-year high.
    [Show full text]
  • Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention
    Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention (name redacted) Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs March 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R43960 Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention Summary This report provides material on the ongoing crisis in Yemen and the U.S. policy response. In March 2015, Saudi Arabia and members of a coalition it established (hereinafter referred to as the Saudi-led coalition) launched a military operation aimed at restoring the rule of Yemen’s internationally recognized President Abdu Rabbu Mansour Hadi. Prior to the start of hostilities, Hadi’s government had been gradually supplanted by an alliance comprised of the Iran-supported Houthi movement and loyalists of the previous President, Ali Abdullah Saleh (hereinafter referred to as Houthi-Saleh forces). Despite multiple attempts by U.N. Special Envoy for Yemen Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed to broker a peace agreement, the Saudi-led coalition and Houthi-Saleh forces continue to disagree on the fundamentals of a political settlement. After two years of war, the Saudi-led coalition would most likely resume negotiations from a position of strength. The coalition’s current offensive along the Red Sea coast seeks to cut maritime access off to Houthi-Saleh forces in the hopes that their isolation will force them back to the table. In January 2017, the United Nations estimated that the civilian death toll in the nearly two-year conflict had reached 10,000. In March 2017, the World Food Program reported that while Yemen is not yet in a full-blown famine, 60% of Yemenis, or 17 million people, are in “crisis” or “emergency” food situations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Targeted Industry Approach for Raising Quality Private-Sector Employment in Saudi Arabia for More Information on This Publication, Visit
    C O R P O R A T I O N SHANTHI NATARAJ, HOWARD J. SHATZ, LOUAY CONSTANT, MATTHEW SARGENT, SEAN MCKENNA, YOUSUF ABDELFATAH, FLORENTINE ELOUNDOU NEKOUL, NATHAN VEST, THE DECISION SUPPORT CENTER A Targeted Industry Approach for Raising Quality Private-Sector Employment in Saudi Arabia For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA536-1. About RAND The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, visit www.rand.org. Research Integrity Our mission to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/principles. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.
    [Show full text]
  • Inscribed Administrative Material Culture and the Development of the Mu Ayyad State in Syria- Palestine 661-750 Ce Tareq Ramadan Wayne State University
    Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2017 Inscribed Administrative Material Culture And The Development Of The mU ayyad State In Syria- Palestine 661-750 Ce Tareq Ramadan Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Ramadan, Tareq, "Inscribed Administrative Material Culture And The eD velopment Of The mU ayyad State In Syria-Palestine 661-750 Ce" (2017). Wayne State University Dissertations. 1860. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1860 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. INSCRIBED ADMINISTRATIVE MATERIAL CULTURE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UMAYYAD STATE IN SYRIA-PALESTINE 661-750 CE by TAREQ RAMADAN DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2017 MAJOR: ANTHROPOLOGY Approved By: ________________________________ Advisor Date __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ © COPYRIGHT BY TAREQ RAMADAN 2017 All Rights Reserved DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the honor and memory of some my very dear friends and mentors who passed away before they could witness the completion of my work and who would have been proud. I miss all of them, dearly and I wish they were all here, today. I will forever be there student. They were all beacons of light and impacted my life in ways that are hard to put into words.
    [Show full text]
  • * Saudi Arabia Counterterrorism
    Received by_NSD/F ARA Registration Unit 05/25/2017 4:23:27 PM SAUDI* ARABIA and COUNTERTERRORISM SUMMARY: COUNTE.RTERRORISM WHiTE PAPER APRIL 2017 Saudi Arabia takes a multifaceted approach to fighting terrorism that relies on hunting down the men, cutting off the money and changing the mindset that terror organizations create and rely on. The Kingdom is committed to working in close collaboration with the U.S. and its other international partners in this fight against t_he scourge of terrorism. Combatting the Men Over the past decade, the Saudi government has fundamentaily restructured its operations tQ add re~ m1ti9niil seg.irity thre~ amt to p~of te_rroris_t atJ;acks. lhi_s ind!Jdl!$ finding iind eliminatingterrorists within the Kingdom. Saudi Arabia has successfully dismantled AI-Qa_eda's organizational presence.in the Kingdom. Saudi Special Forces continue to aggressively pursue counterterrorism operations against Al-Qaeda in Yemen, where it hasreorganized as Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). Saudi security forces maintain r_i_gorous security stan_dard_s and are cominuously train_ing on the best practices for combating terrorist threats. Saudi forces recently dismantled several terrorist cells and arrested dozens of individuals connected to terrorism, effectively preventing a number of terrorist attacks. • In early January 2017, t_he Ministry of Interior a_n_nounced th.at Saud_i Secmity Forces had arrested more than 300 foreign nationals frorh nine nations over the past two years for involvement with Daesh. In 2016, Saudi Special Forces thwarted planned and imminent terrorist attacks at the Prophet's Mosque during Pilgrimage season, the U.S. consulate during Ramadan, an international football rr_iatch at the al Jawa_hara Stadi_um i_n Jeddah, a checkpoint in Damman, tourist areas on Taro.ut lsland on the Arabian Gulf.
    [Show full text]
  • Power and Generational Transition in Saudi Arabia
    POWER AND GENERATIONAL TRANSITION IN SAUDI ARABIA By Nabil Mouline Problems of political succession are a major trend in Arab-Islamic history. They were at the origin of the greatest political-religious schisms of the umma (the Muslim community). Though they have not been able to avoid quarrels over succession, all Islamic currents have at least tried to alleviate them. While the religious elite sought ideal-typical models of succession in a mythologized Muslim tradition, Muslim sovereigns preferred to draw from pre-Islamic local or foreign traditions to ensure the continuity of power.1 Given the patrimonial nature of almost all Islamic states, the solutions recommended by the ulama and the traditions adopted by sovereigns had only limited results. In most cases of succession, the super-abundance of heirs led to numerous conflicts, which in their turn brought about wars of succession and foreign intervention. In order to resolve these problems, Ottoman sovereigns turned to the cruel law of fratricide, before adopting the less expeditious practice of 1 Anilchandra Banerjee, “Procedure of Succession to the Sultanate of Delhi”, Journal of Indian History, 15, 1936, pp.196-200; Henri Laoust, La pensée et l’action politiques d’al-Mawardi (364-450/974-1058), Paris, Geuthner, 1968; Neeru Misra, Succession and Imperial Leadership among the Mughals, 1526-1707, Delhi, Konark Publishers, 1993; Peter M. Holt, “Succession in the Early Mamluk Sultanate”, XXIII. Deutscher Orientalistentag, Einar von Schuler (Hrsg.), supplement, VII, Stuttgart, 1989, pp.144-148; Paul E. Walker, “Succession to Rule in the Shiite Caliphate”, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 32, 1995, pp.239-264; William Montgomery Watt, La pensée politique de l’islam, Paris, PUF, 1995; Wilfred Madelung, The Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997; Hormoz Ebrahimnejad, Pouvoir et succession en Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Offer Document Issued by NCB to Samba Group Shareholders
    0 OFFER DOCUMENT This document is issued by the National Commercial Bank (“NCB”) and addressed to Samba Financial Group’s (“Samba Group”) Shareholders in respect of the Offer to Merge made by NCB to Samba Group Shareholders in consideration for new shares in NCB pursuant to Articles 191-193 of the Companies Law and Article 49 (a)(1) of the Merger and Acquisitions Regulations (the "Offer Document") THIS OFFER DOCUMENT IS IMPORTANT AND REQUIRES YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION. This Offer Document should be read in full (in particular “Important Notice” and Section (1) “Risk Factors”), before you make a decision in relation to the Merger Resolutions. If you are in any doubt as to the action you should take at the EGM in connection with the Merger, it is recommended that you seek your own independent financial advice from an independent financial advisor authorised by the Saudi Arabian Capital Market Authority. NCB has entered into a merger agreement with Samba Group on 24/2/1442H (corresponding to 11 October 2020G) (the “Merger Agreement”) for the purpose of merging the two entities by way of a merger whereby all of the assets and liabilities of Samba Group will be transferred to NCB (the “Merger”), in consideration for NCB issuing 1,478,000,000 ordinary shares with a nominal value of SAR 10 per share in NCB in favour of Samba Group Shareholders (the “Consideration Shares”) by way of increasing the paid-up capital of NCB from SAR 30,000,000,000 to SAR 44,780,000,000 which represents an increase in the number of shares of NCB from 3,000,000,000 shares to 4,478,000,000 fully paid shares, which represents an increase of 49.3% of NCB current capital subject to satisfying the conditions to the Merger as specified in the Merger Agreement which are summarized in Section (2.3.1) (“Merger Agreement”) of this Offer Document (noting that such conditions may not be amended or waived without the approval of both Banks).
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia
    July 2012 OE Quick Guide: Saudi Arabia TRADOC G-2 Intelligence Support Activity (TRISA) Complex Operational Environment and Threat Integration Directorate (CTID) [Type the author name] United States Army 6/1/2012 Operational Environment Quick Guide Introduction Saudi Arabia is a Middle Eastern country bordered by the Red Sea, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Persian Gulf, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirate, Oman, and Yemen. On 23 September 1932, after a 30-year campaign, Abd al-Aziz bin Abd al-Rahman al-Saud united the Arab tribes of the Arabian Peninsula to form the modern state of Saudi Arabia. Since its establishment, a descendent of al- Saud has ruled the monarchy, formally named the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia wields considerable political, religious, and economic power by virtue of its sizable petroleum reserves and its status as the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the cradle of Islam. A strong ally of the U.S., Saudi Arabia has adversarial neighbors, and is a critical resource supplier as well. Political Variable Manifestations in Saudi Arabia Centers of Political Power: King Abdallah bin Abd al-Aziz al-Saud has ruled the Kingdom since his coronation on 1 August 2005. Abdallah serves as both the king and prime minister and is also the head of state and government. Abdallah is assisted by Deputy Prime Minister Nayif bin Abd al-Aziz al-Saud. Every four years, the prime minister appoints members of the Saudi Cabinet, formally named the Council of Ministers. Most ministers are royal family members. The country’s legislative branch is named the Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura.
    [Show full text]
  • The Muslim World After 9/11 / Angel M
    CHILD POLICY This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CIVIL JUSTICE a public service of the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE 6 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SUBSTANCE ABUSE the public and private sectors around the world. TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Project AIR FORCE View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. ѮF.VTMJN8PSME "/(&-.3"#"4" ] $)&3:-#&/"3% ] 1&5&3$)"-, $$)3*45*/&'"*3 ] 5)&0%03&,"3"4*, 30--*&-"- ] *"/-&44&3 ] %"7*%5)"-&3 0REPAREDFORTHE5NITED3TATES!IR&ORCE !PPROVEDFORPUBLICRELEASEDISTRIBUTIONUNLIMITED The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Directorate of Plans, Hq USAF.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenging Times for Insurance, Banking and Financial Supervision in Saudi Arabia (KSA)
    administrative sciences Article Challenging Times for Insurance, Banking and Financial Supervision in Saudi Arabia (KSA) Giuseppe Orlando 1,* and Edward Bace 2 1 Department of Economics and Finance, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via C. Rosalba 53, 70124 Bari, Italy 2 Business School, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-080-504-9218 Abstract: The financial system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has a history of relative soundness, particularly in banking, due to comparatively strict and enforced domestic supervision, and supported by what has been for the most part a reasonably robust economy. However, the sector is facing challenges of a sluggish economy, need for reform and negative effects of the COVID- 19 pandemic. This paper strives to assess how well the government thus far has responded to the challenges in the financial sector. The working hypothesis is that the insurance industry has improved its position, resulting in higher efficiency and profitability and lower risk. This is an industry historically plagued by too many players, financial issues and less than adequate controls. The analysis undertaken bears out the hypothesis, as revealed by the enhanced contribution made by the industry since the pandemic. Analysis suggests that strides have been made in that industry in terms of helping to diversify the economy with the onset of the pandemic. Moreover, evidence is provided that the sensitivity to changes in oil volumes (rather than to changes in oil prices) is a key risk factor for the financial sector in the KSA.
    [Show full text]