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SAUDI ARABIA and the YEMEN CONFLICT

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SAUDI ARABIA and the YEMEN CONFLICT Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:25 PM SAUDI ARABIA and THE YEMEN CONFLICT FACT SHEET: MILITARY TARGETING AND THE REDUCTION OF CIVILIAN CAUSALITIES MAY 2017 Target Selection Saudi Arabia has taken several steps to create a more thorough vetting process for target selection and validation for the Saudi-led Coalition's operations in Yemen. This process is meant to ensure that the Coalition: • #FJGTGUVQVJG.CYQH#TOGF%QPƔKEV • 'ZRCPFUVJGŨ0Q5VTKMG.KUVũPQYCVQXGTVCTIGVU • 'PJCPEGUVCTIGVETKVGTKCUWEJCU&COCIG#UUGUUOGPVCPF%QNNCVGTCN&COCIG'UVKOCVGU • Observes the implementation of stricter Rules of Engagement. The Coalition has implemented additional vetting criteria for time-sensitive targets. These criteria place extra responsibilities on Coalition pilots before conducting a mission. The Coalition adheres to a no-strike list that includes over 33,000 targets, as referenced above. This list includes locations provided by U.N. and other humanitarian organizations on the ground in Yemen, in addition to locations collected by the Coalition. Furthermore, the Coalition is constantly updating this list and adding locations to it. Currently, the Coalition seeks to align its targeting practices and personnel training with NATO standards, and only personnel that meet these rigorous standards are involved in target selection. Informational Materials Distributed by Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP (#5870) on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additional Information is on file with the Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:25 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:25 PM SAUDI ARABIA AND THE YEMEN CONFLICT U.S. Cooperation Additionally, the Coalition is in regular consultation with the United States government regarding U.S. assistance in the vetting process. Saudi Arabia and the Coalition welcome the opportunity to grant access to U.S. personnel to the Air Operations Center, and any other facilities where targeting is approved, to observe the decision-making process implementation of such procedures. The Coalition believes that increased U.S. support for coalition operations, including assistance in vetting targets, will increase the effectiveness of operations, and more importantly reduce mistakes. Investigations: The Coalition has implemented recommendations of the Joint Incident Assessment Team (JIAT), which is responsible for investigating any incidents where it is CNNGIGFVJCV%QCNKVKQPQRGTCVKQPUJCXGVCTIGVGFEKXKNKCPU6JG,+#6ũUƓPFKPIUJCXGDGGPOCFG public. The aforementioned steps were largely instituted based on JIAT recommendations. 2 Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:25 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:26 PM SAUDI ARABIA and THE YEMEN CONFLICT FACT SHEET: MILITARY TARGETING AND THE REDUCTION OF CIVILIAN CAUSALITIES MAY 2017 Target Selection Saudi Arabia has taken several steps to create a more thorough vetting process for target selection and validation for the Saudi-led Coalition's operations in Yemen. This process is meant to ensure that the Coalition: • #FJGTGUVQVJG.CYQH#TOGF%QPƔKEV • 'ZRCPFUVJGŨ0Q5VTKMG.KUVũPQYCVQXGTVCTIGVU • 'PJCPEGUVCTIGVETKVGTKCUWEJCU&COCIG#UUGUUOGPVCPF%QNNCVGTCN&COCIG'UVKOCVGU • Observes the implementation of stricter Rules of Engagement. The Coalition has implemented additional vetting criteria for time-sensitive targets. These criteria place extra responsibilities on Coalition pilots before conducting a mission. The Coalition adheres to a no-strike list that includes over 33,000 targets, as referenced above. This list includes locations provided by U.N. and other humanitarian organizations on the ground in Yemen, in addition to locations collected by the Coalition. Furthermore, the Coalition is constantly updating this list and adding locations to it. Currently, the Coalition seeks to align its targeting practices and personnel training with NATO standards, and only personnel that meet these rigorous standards are involved in target selection. Informational Materials Distributed by Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP (#5870) on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additional Information is on file with the Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:26 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:26 PM SAUDI ARABIA AND THE YEMEN CONFLICT U.S. Cooperation Additionally, the Coalition is in regular consultation with the United States government regarding U.S. assistance in the vetting process. Saudi Arabia and the Coalition welcome the opportunity to grant access to U.S. personnel to the Air Operations Center, and any other facilities where targeting is approved, to observe the decision-making process implementation of such procedures. The Coalition believes that increased U.S. support for coalition operations, including assistance in vetting targets, will increase the effectiveness of operations, and more importantly reduce mistakes. Investigations: The Coalition has implemented recommendations of the Joint Incident Assessment Team (JIAT), which is responsible for investigating any incidents where it is CNNGIGFVJCV%QCNKVKQPQRGTCVKQPUJCXGVCTIGVGFEKXKNKCPU6JG,+#6ũUƓPFKPIUJCXGDGGPOCFG public. The aforementioned steps were largely instituted based on JIAT recommendations. 5IJTJTEJTUSJCVUFECZ2PSWJT.4-(3061POCFIBMGPGUIF3PZBM&NCBTTZPG4BVEJ"SBCJB"EEJUJPOBMJOGPSNBUJPOJT BWBJMBCMFBUUIF%FQBSUNFOUPG+VTUJDF 8BTIJOHUPO %$ 2 Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:26 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM SAUDI ARABIA and THE YEMEN CONFLICT APRIL 2017 REPORT Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM 2017 REPORT SAUDI ARABIA AND THE YEMEN CONFLICT “Yemen is where the real proxy war is going on, and winning —— the battle in Yemen will help define the balance of power in the Middle East.” IRANIAN OFFICIAL TO REUTERS, MARCH 22, 2017 2 Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM SAUDI ARABIA AND THE YEMEN CONFLICT 2017 REPORT Contents — 01 Executive Summary 4 02 Overview of Saudi-led Coalition Achievements in Yemen 8 03 Strategic Interests in Yemen 12 04 The Houthis and Iran 16 05 A Recent History of Yemen 20 06 AQAP and Daesh in Yemen 30 07 Houthi Violations 34 08 Humanitarian Aid to the People of Yemen 38 09 Blockade Accusations 42 10 Steps to Reduce Civilian Casualties 44 11 Appendix 50 3 Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM 2017 REPORT SAUDI ARABIA AND THE YEMEN CONFLICT President Hadi stated that Yemen would have fallen in four days and —— would have been an Iranian state had it not been for the Operation Decisive Storm launched by the Arab military coalition under the leadership of Saudi Arabia. 4 Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM SAUDI ARABIA AND THE YEMEN CONFLICT 2017 REPORT 01 — Executive Summary Yemen has experienced political turmoil and a climate of lawlessness for decades. In recent years, however, Iran’s covert support for a Yemeni faction exacerbated existing divisions and triggered a political and economic crisis that led to the violent ouster of President Abd-Rabbuh Mansour Hadi in 2015. As Yemen found itself on the brink of civil war, an international coalition led by Saudi Arabia and supported by the United States intervened. Its objectives were to protect the civilian population from attacks by Iranian-supported Houthi militias, restore the legitimate government and prevent Yemen from becoming a safe haven for Al- Qaeda and a base for Iranian adventurism and subversion in the region. Saudi Arabia and the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) began an intense diplomatic effort aimed at avoiding civil war in Yemen when nationwide protests began in February 2011. Saudi Arabia helped to broker the departure of Yemen’s longtime leader, Ali Abdullah Saleh, and the formation of a National Unity government. It also promoted a United Nations-led National Dialogue among all political factions and free elections in 2012 in which Abd-Rabbuh Mansour Hadi was elected president. This period of optimism was cut short by repeated attempts D[ VJG *QWVJKU VQ UCDQVCIG VJG PCVKQPDWKNFKPI RTQEGUU CV ƓTUV D[ RQNKVKECN obstruction, and then by military means. 6JGTQQVECWUGUQHVJGEQPƔKEVKP;GOGPCTGEQORNGZ6JGCN*QWVJKHCOKN[CPF the political-rebel movement whose adherents collectively refer to themselves by “the Houthis” have waged a decade-long campaign to achieve political power by military force. This campaign of aggression has aggravated longstanding divisions and produced attacks on both fellow Yemenis and Saudi civilians across the border. Their insurgency against Yemen’s central government has been aided D[ VJG ƓPCPEKCN CPF QRGTCVKQPCN UWRRQTV QH +TCPũU +UNCOKE 4GXQNWVKQPCT[ )WCTF Corps (IRGC) and Lebanon’s Hezbollah militia. 5 Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/16/2017 6:24:28 PM 2017 REPORT SAUDI ARABIA AND THE YEMEN CONFLICT Iran’s interference in Yemen is of a piece with its activities in Lebanon, Iraq, CPFGNUGYJGTGCPF+TCPKCPKPXQNXGOGPVJCUGUECNCVGFKP;GOGPCUVJGEQPƔKEV wore on. Indeed, upon the capture of the Yemeni capital,
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