Authentication of Garcinia Fruits and Food Supplements Using DNA Barcoding and NMR Spectroscopy
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Benefiting from the Potential of Underutilized Fruits Frou…
ITFnet - International Tropical Fruits Network www.itfnet.org __________________________________________________________________________________________ Benefiting From The Potential Of Underutilized Fruits Article and photos by : Froukje Kruijssen, Associate Scientist, Bioversity International, regional office for Asia, the Pacific and Oceania. Malaysia Email: [email protected] In the South, South-East and East Asian region a rich diversity of tropical fruits plays an important role in people’s livelihoods and provides for a broad range of livelihood support including household income, food, employment, traditional medicine, timber, and livestock fodder and also plays a role in the stability of eco-systems. Many of these species, although locally abundant and of major cultural importance are less well-known in other parts of the region and there is a lack of scientific knowledge about them and these species are therefore often referred to as ‘underutilized’. Some strategies aiming at conserving these plant species are focussed on the promotion of their use and on farm conservation, including the strengthening of market systems. This will provide farmers with an economic incentive to maintain these species on farm. In this article we describe the potential utilization of a few of these fruits by highlighting three cases from India, Indonesia and Thailand that were studied in the context of a project by Bioversity International (formerly know as the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) on the conservation management and use of tropical fruit trees. This shows how the utilization of these tropical fruits can make a major contribution to farmer income and provide them with an incentive to maintain a broad range of tropical fruit trees on their farm. -
Tamarind 1990 - 2004
Tamarind 1990 - 2004 Author A. K. A. Dandjouma, C. Tchiegang, C. Kapseu and R. Ndjouenkeu Title Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Pierre ex Pax seeds treatments influence on the q Year 2004 Source title Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse Reference 81(5): 299-303 Abstract The effects of heating Ricinodendron heudelotii seeds on the quality of the oil extracted was studied. The seeds were preheated by dry and wet methods at three temperatures (50, 70 and 90 degrees C) for 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes. The oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method with hexane. The results showed a significant change in oil acid value when heated at 90 degrees C for 60 minutes, with values of 2.76+or-0.18 for the dry method and 2.90+or-0.14 for the wet method. Heating at the same conditions yielded peroxide values of 10.70+or-0.03 for the dry method and 11.95+or-0.08 for the wet method. Author A. L. Khandare, U. Kumar P, R. G. Shanker, K. Venkaiah and N. Lakshmaiah Title Additional beneficial effect of tamarind ingestion over defluoridated water supply Year 2004 Source title Nutrition Reference 20(5): 433-436 Abstract Objective: We evaluated the effect of tamarind (Tamarindus indicus) on ingestion and whether it provides additional beneficial effects on mobilization of fluoride from the bone after children are provided defluoridated water. Methods: A randomized, diet control study was conducted in 30 subjects from a fluoride endemic area after significantly decreasing urinary fluoride excretion by supplying defluoridated water for 2 wk. -
Wild Edible Fruits Generate Substantial Income for Local People of the Gunung Leuser National Park, Aceh Tamiang Region
Wild edible fruits generate substantial income for local people of the Gunung Leuser National Park, Aceh Tamiang Region Adi Bejo Suwardi, Zidni Ilman Navia, Tisna Harmawan, Syamsuardi, Erizal Mukhtar Research income. These findings confirm the assumption that WEFs are important for the generation of household income. Abstract Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance Background: Gunung Leuser National Park offers a of WEFs to local communities in Aceh Tamiang, variety of wild edible fruit species (WEFs) with food, Indonesia, particularly rural communities living near nutrition, medicine, and economic value to the local Gunung Palung National Park. WEFs play an people. In recent times, these WEFs have been important role in rural livelihoods by ensuring food, threatened by over-exploitation, land-use changes, medicine, and sustained income. Policies and and biodiversity loss. This study aims to investigate legislation involving stakeholders are required to the diversity of WEFs and their contribution to ensure the cultivation, management, sustainable household income for communities living around the use, and promotion of WEFs in order to encourage National Park. the economic growth of the rural community in the Aceh Tamiang region. Methods: The study was conducted in three sub- districts adjacent to Gunung Leuser National Park. The plant materials were randomly collected from Correspondence three sub-districts, while local knowledge was gathered through a structured survey and in-depth Adi Bejo Suwardi1*, Zidni Ilman Navia2, Tisna interviews. The informant sample comprised 450 Harmawan3, Syamsuardi4, Erizal Mukhtar4 people, 150 from each of the three sub-districts. 1Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Results: A total of 54 wild edible fruit plants belonging Teacher Training and Education, Samudra to 41 genera and 27 families were recorded in the University, Langsa, Aceh, 24416, Indonesia study area. -
Prioritization of Medicinal Plant for Their Development
PRIORITIZATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT Criteria for prioritization The National Medicinal Plant Board initially prioritized 32 medicinal plants at national level for their conservation and development. Recently, the list has been revised and 82 species have been included in the list. For the overall development of the medicinal plant sector in the state, there is a need to prioritize various medicinal plant species. This prioritization has to be based on different criteria such as ,(i) criteria for economic development, (ii) Prioritization to address the primary health care of the local community, (iii) medicinal plants prioritized for home and institutional garden, and (iv) prioritization of medicinal plants with conservation value. In the following section we have tried to touch upon different priorities relevant to the state. Medicinal Plants prioritized for trade for high income. The most important criterion they needs to be considered while prioritizing the species for high income is that the plants should be suitable to grow in the prevalent agroclimatic conditions of the state. The species should have high trade value. It should have consistently high demand. The collection, harvest and post harvest technology should suit to the site conditions of Meghalaya.There should have easy access to planting material and it should be comparatively easy to grow. Preference will also be given to those species which are suitable to grow in multi-tier plantations. The selected species should not get easily deteriorated on storage and continued cultivation. They should have enhanced scope for value addition either through primary processing or through secondary processing. A list of top ten prioritized species for obtaining high income through cultivation and trade is given in Table 18. -
The Methanolic Extract of Garcinia Atroviridis (Mega) Reduces Body Weight and Food Intake, and Improves Lipid Profiles by Altering the Lipid Metabolism: a Rat Model
Turkish Journal of Biology Turk J Biol (2020) 44: 437-448 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/biy-2005-2 The methanolic extract of Garcinia atroviridis (MeGa) reduces body weight and food intake, and improves lipid profiles by altering the lipid metabolism: a rat model 1 1 1,2 1,2 Wai Feng LIM , Suriati Mohd NASIR , Lay Kek TEH , Richard Johari JAMES , 3 1, Mohd Hafidz Mohd IZHAR , Mohd Zaki SALLEH * 1 Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 3 Comparative Medicine and Technology Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Received: 01.05.2020 Accepted/Published Online: 08.07.2020 Final Version: 14.12.2020 Abstract: Garcinia species are widely used for their slimming effects via increased fat burning and suppression of satiety. However, scientific evidence for the biological effects of Garcinia atroviridis (GA) is lacking. We investigated the phytochemical composition, safety profiles, and antioxidant and antiobesity effects of methanolic extracts of Garcinia atroviridis (MeGa) in obese female rats. Repeated dose toxicity studies were conducted according to the OECD guidelines. Upon sacrifice, haematological, biochemical, lipid profile, and serum-based metabolomics analyses were performed to evaluate metabolic expression changes and their related pathways. MeGa contains several phytochemical groups and GA fruit acids. MeGa was found to be nontoxic in both male and female rats with an oral lethal dose (LD50) of 2000 mg/kg. After 9 weeks of treatment, MeGa-treated obese rats had lower weight gain and better lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglyceride), which correlated with the altered metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of lipid (glycerophospholipid) and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid. -
Types of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) in the Herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) 173-181 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Download Unter
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 119B Autor(en)/Author(s): Marinho Lucas Cardoso Artikel/Article: Types of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) in the herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) 173-181 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.zobodat.at Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 119 173–181 Wien, Jänner 2017 Types of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) in the herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) L.C. Marinho* Abstract Garcinia L. is the second largest genus in Clusiaceae LINDL.; however, there are few recent taxonomic works about it, except for the taxonomic works conducted in Africa. For the development of sound taxonomic work and to allow nomenclatural changes and typifications, a thorough analysis of the type specimens of validly published names is necessary. In the herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) nomenclatural type specimens for 50 taxons of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) are identified. Data from: the original publication, herbarium number and, where possible, the taxonomic status are provided. Key words: Clusiaceae; Clusianthemum, Rheedia, Ochrocarpos, Terpnophyllum, Xanthochymus; types. Zusammenfassung Garcinia L. ist die zweitgrößte Gattung der Familie Clusiaceae LINDL. Außer einer rezenten Bearbeitung der afrikanischen Arten gibt es noch keine umfassenden taxonomischen Abhandlungen. Für eine fundierte taxonomische Bearbeitung ist es notwendig, Typus-Material zu allen publizierten Namen zu analysieren, um die Nomenklatur klären zu können. Im Herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) wurden Typus- Belege für 50 Taxa der Gattung Garcinia gefunden und gekennzeichnet. Im Folgenden wird eine Auflistung der Belege inklusive Protolog-Zitat, Herbariumsnummer und, wo es möglich war, auch des taxonomische Status des jeweiligen Taxons angegeben. -
Processing and Preservation Qualities of Value Added Products Based on Garcinia Cambogia [Malabar Tamarind]
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Volume 8, Issue 1 Ver. III (Jan. 2014), PP 01-09 www.iosrjournals.org Processing and preservation qualities of value added products based on Garcinia cambogia [Malabar Tamarind] Aparna S Gopakumar1, Dr. Kavita M S2 1(Research Scholar, Department of Home Science, St. Teresa’s College/ Mahatma Gandhi University, India) 2(Asst. Professor, Department of Home science, Govt. College for Women/Kerala University, India) Abstract : Garcinia cambogia is a sub tropical fruit found in the Western Ghats of India as well as in South- East Asia. Garcinia or Malabar tamarind has greater dietary importance and it is widely utilized in the preparation of refreshing drinks, for curing fishes, in fish curries etc. Garcinia had proven medicinal effects and is used in treating conditions like flatulence, oedema, chronic alcoholism, dysentery, diarrhea, obesity etc. The nutraceutical effects of Garcinia cambogia is due to the presence of an acid known as HCA or (-) – hydroxy citric acid in it. This higher hydroxy citric acid content in Garcinia makes it an effective anti- obesity agent because of its appetite reducing property by inhibiting the enzyme ATP- citrate lyase which helps in the conversion of carbohydrates to glycogen. Even though Garcinia cambogia had a number of nutraceutical effects, its use is under exploited in our country which resulted in the wastage of these fruits during the seasonal glut. Processing techniques like osmotic pressure, controlled pH, dehydration and utilization of fruits in the preparation of fruit beverages were selected for the preparation of value added products using Garcinia cambogia. -
Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 7-30-2008 Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sweeney, Patrick Wayne, "Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae)" (2008). Dissertations. 539. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/539 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS AND FLORAL EVOLUTION IN THE PLANT GENUS GARCINIA (CLUSIACEAE) by PATRICK WAYNE SWEENEY M.S. Botany, University of Georgia, 1999 B.S. Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1994 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY with an emphasis in Plant Systematics November, 2007 Advisory Committee Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter F. Stevens, Ph.D. P. Mick Richardson, Ph.D. Barbara A. Schaal, Ph.D. © Copyright 2007 by Patrick Wayne Sweeney All Rights Reserved Sweeney, Patrick, 2007, UMSL, p. 2 Dissertation Abstract The pantropical genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae), a group comprised of more than 250 species of dioecious trees and shrubs, is a common component of lowland tropical forests and is best known by the highly prized fruit of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.). The genus exhibits as extreme a diversity of floral form as is found anywhere in angiosperms and there are many unresolved taxonomic issues surrounding the genus. -
Garcinia Cambogia Common Names : Citrin, Gambooge, Brindal Berry, Gorikapuli, Malabar Tamarind Synonyms : Gutta Gamba
Dr. Supriya Dikshit Latin Name : Garcinia Cambogia Common Names : Citrin, Gambooge, Brindal Berry, Gorikapuli, Malabar Tamarind Synonyms : Gutta gamba. Gummigutta. Tom Rong. Gambodia. Garcinia Morella. Saskrit name : Vrikshamla, Kankusta Distribution : SE Asia, West and Central Africa, India Introduction : Garcinia gummi-gutta (syn. G. cambogia, G. quaesita), commonly known as Gambooge, Brindleberry, Brindall berry or Malabar tamarind, Goraka (Sri Lanka) is a subtropical species of Garcinia native to Indonesia. It is a small, sweet, exotic fruit native to South India and Southeast Asia. The yellowish fruit is pumpkin-shaped. Garcinia has garnered a lot of attention of late as a popular natural weight loss aid. The reason is that the rind of this pumpkin like fruit is rich in a substance called hydroxycitric acid / HCA, a principle extract of Garcinia cambogia. Garcinia is a source for a revolutionary natural diet ingredient which is currently a rage in America, Japan, Europe, and other western countries. Plant Description : Garcinia cambogia is a moderate-sized, evergreen tree and the flowers are unisexual, sessile and axillary. The leaves are dark green, shining, elliptic to obovate. It bears sweet-sour mixed fruits native to SE Asia and India. The fruit may resemble a small yellow or reddish pumpkin, or it may have a unique purple color. The fruit of Garcinia cambogia has been traditionally used in food preparation and cooking, having a distinctive taste. Garcinia has garnered a lot of attention of late as a popular natural weight loss aid. The reason is that the rind of this pumpkin like fruit is rich in a substance called hydroxycitric acid / HCA. -
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Initial Environmental Examination (updated) Project Number: 38412-033 July 2018 India: Multitranche Financing Facility Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program Project 2 Kaziranga Subproject (Golaghat District) Prepared by the Flood and River Erosion Management Agency of Assam, Government of Assam for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the initial environmental examination originally posted in September 2010 available on https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/38412-01-ind-seia.pdf. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, §¨ ©¦£ and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the ¡ ¢ £¤¥¦ section on £¦ ¢£ ¦ In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 38412-033 July 2018 INDIA: ASSAM INTEGRATED FLOOD AND RIVERBANK EROSION RISK MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT PROGRAM PROJECT 2 KAZIRANGA SUBPROJECT GOLAGHAT DISTRICT Prepared by the Flood and River Erosion Management Agency of Assam (FREMAA) for the Asian Development Bank. The initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed -
PHYTOCHEMICALS and BIOACTIVITIES of Garcinia Prainiana KING and G
PHYTOCHEMICALS AND BIOACTIVITIES OF Garcinia prainiana KING AND G. hombroniana PIERRE SHAMSUL ON A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Chemistry) Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia MARCH 2018 iii To My Beloved Wife Najatulhayah Alwi and My children, Muhd Nabil AnNajat, Muhd Nabihan AnNajat, Muhd Naqib AnNajat, Muhd Nazeem AnNajat, Shahmina Nasyamah AnNajat For Their Love, Support and Best Wishes. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I show my gratitude to The Almighty God for giving me the strength to complete this thesis. I am deeply grateful to everyone who has helped me in completing this work. Thanks a million to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Farediah Ahmad, Prof. Dr. Hasnah Mohd Sirat and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Taher for their untiring assistance, direction, encouragement, comments, suggestions, enthusiasm, continuous guidance, ideas, constructive criticism and unrelenting support throughout this work. I would like to thank the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UTM for the access of UV, IR, GC-MS, and NMR instruments. Sincerely thanks to all lab assistants especially to Mr. Azmi, Mr. Rashidi, Mr. Amin and Mr. Hairol for their help throughout these seven years. Special thanks to my lab mates; Wan Muhd Nuzul, Athirah, Salam, Aminu, Saidu, Shariha, Awanis, Iman, Erni, Edelin, Suri and Yani for their moral support, advice and encouragement to make the lab work meaningful. I am grateful to staff scholarship by Ministry of Higher Education for my doctoral fellowship and Research University Grant (GUP), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under vote 03H93 for the support throughout the entire research. -
The ICRAF Genebank
The ICRAF Genebank Regional Technical Workshop on Great Green Wall/Dryland Restoration for East Africa, Nairobi 22-24 February 2016 Dr. Alice Muchugi Introduction • ICRAF Genetic Resources Unit established in 1993; previously germplasm activities were within other programs • Objective: to collect, conserve, document, characterize and distribute a diverse collection of agroforestry trees • Main focus on indigenous tree species • Genebank-MTS established in 1997; previously collection kept with partners e.g ICRISAT Niamey, KEFRI Seed Centre • Field genebanks-mainly for species with recalcitrant seeds established across ICRAF working regions and are managed in collaboration with national partners. • Temporary seed storage in Bamako and Lilongwe Current genebank collection • Ex situ genebank-5300 accessions representing 190 tree species of which 136 species are from African • Over 10,000 accessions of 45 species established either from seeds or clonally; located in 37 sites in 15 countries the different regions in Africa, Latin America, South Asia and South East Asia • 2280 accession of 120 species are held at Kunming Institute of Botany genebank, China and the Millennium Seed Bank, UK as safety duplicates • Over 700 accessions representing 120 agroforestry tree species deposited at Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Norway Agroforestr y Tree Ger mplasm Management Characterization Fruit/seed collected from planted or Further growth evaluation in wild tree stands the field Documentation is a – numbers key activity in all viability processes seed