The ICRAF Genebank

Regional Technical Workshop on Great Green Wall/Dryland Restoration for East Africa, Nairobi 22-24 February 2016

Dr. Alice Muchugi Introduction • ICRAF Genetic Resources Unit established in 1993; previously germplasm activities were within other programs • Objective: to collect, conserve, document, characterize and distribute a diverse collection of agroforestry • Main focus on indigenous • Genebank-MTS established in 1997; previously collection kept with partners e.g ICRISAT Niamey, KEFRI Seed Centre • Field genebanks-mainly for species with recalcitrant seeds established across ICRAF working regions and are managed in collaboration with national partners. • Temporary seed storage in Bamako and Lilongwe Current genebank collection

• Ex situ genebank-5300 accessions representing 190 tree species of which 136 species are from African • Over 10,000 accessions of 45 species established either from seeds or clonally; located in 37 sites in 15 countries the different regions in Africa, Latin America, South Asia and South East Asia • 2280 accession of 120 species are held at Kunming Institute of Botany genebank, China and the Millennium Seed Bank, UK as safety duplicates • Over 700 accessions representing 120 agroforestry tree species deposited at Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Norway Agroforestr y Tree Ger mplasm Management

Characterization Fruit/seed collected from planted or Further growth evaluation in

wild tree stands the field

Documentation is a

–

numbers

key activity in all viability

processes seed

Seed extraction and

multiplication

Low regeneration – cleaning Low Seedling growth & health evaluation at the nursery

Seed drying and moisture Viability and health determination assessment

Periodic monitoring

Safety backup at Long-term storage/safety Medium-term Seed Svalbard duplication with partners storage distribution Ex-situ Genebank activities

• Germplasm acquisition–Agroforestry tree seeds are acquired through donations and collection missions with national partners • Seed cleaning and processing – Type of cleaning to be undertaken depends on the species • Germination method testing-for less known species, to establish dormancy breaking techniques • Viability monitoring – – Initial viability testing is carried out on acquisition of the germplasm. Acceptable initial germination level varies- 45%- 90%, depends on the type of species, – Periodic viability assessments are done every ten years during storage (longevity study being undertaken. – Distribution- about 70% supporting ICRAF research; use SMTA; National and international seed laws observed

Agroforestry Tree Field Genebanks

Mali Cameroon Uganda Kenya Muguga Kitui Samanko Mbalmayo Dacryodes edulis Mukongoro Warburgia ugandensis Adansonia digitata Adansonia digitata Dacryodes edulis Irvingia Irvingia gabonensis Vitellaria Leucaena trichandra Azanza garckeana Adansonia gregorii wombolu paradoxa Leucaena diversifolia Berchemia discolor Adansonia za Ricinodendron heudelotii Cola nitida Nalwana Leucaena pallida Carissa edulis Tamarindus indica floribunda Irvingia wombolu Prunus africana Grevillea robusta Sclerocarya birrea Vitellaria paradoxa Garcinia kola Feutap Prunus africana Tamarindus indica Jatropha curcas Cola nitida Allanblackia floribunda Kakamega Cordia monoica Ziziphus mauritiana Minkoameyos Bivouba Prunus africana Balanites aegyptiaca Cinzana Dacryodes edulis Allanblackia floribunda Grevillea robusta Vangueria rotundata Sclerocarya birrea Ricinodendron heudelotii Diwom Malava Ziziphus mauritiana Combretum glutinosum Irvingia gabonensis Allanblackia floribunda Grevillea robusta Acacia senegal Pausinystalia johimbe Bangangte Esseng-Long Irvingia wombolu Allanblackia floribunda Garcinia kola Nkenlikok Dacryodes edulis Niger Allanblackia floribunda Cola nitida Ricinodendron heudelotii Ricinodendron heudelotii Sadore Prosopis africana Adansonia digitata

Vietnam Burkina Faso Son La Ouagadougou Docynia indica Ziziphus mauritiana Dinderesso Tamarindus indica Djibo Adansonia digitata Tanzania Gonse Vitellaria paradoxa ARI Tumbi Strychnos cocculoides Sclerocarya birrea Gliricidia sepium Amani Nature Reserve Allanblackia stuhlmannii

Malawi Peru Nigeria Zambia Zimbabwe DRC Makoka-Zomba Chitedze Ucayali Onne Kinshasa/INERA Masupe Domboshawa Uapaca kirkiana Gliricidia sepium Guazuma crinita Irvingia Dacryodes edulis Uapaca kirkiana Uapaca kirkiana Gliricidia sepium Kasinthula Calycophyllum spruceanum gabonensis Bas Congo Sclerocarya birrea Acacia Nauko-Machinga Gliricidia sepium Bactris gasipaes Irvingia wombolu Nephelium Msekera angustissima Uapaca kirkiana Chitala Mauritia flexuosa Irvingia robur lappaceum Strychnos Leucaena spp Mangochi Gliricidia sepium Inga edulis Dacryodes edulis cocculoides Sclerocarya birrea Strychnos cocculoides Bactris gasipaes Msekera, Zambia Ucayali, Peru Tamarindus indica Dinderesso, Burkina Faso

Irvingia wombolu Mbalmayo, Cameroon Guazuma crinita Ucayali, Peru

Warburgia ugandensis Muguga, Kenya Opportunities for collaboration with Dryland Restoration Project

• ICRAF global presence can facilitate: – Acquisition germplasm- mutual germplasm exchange among partners – Species diversity coverage – Seed quality/health • Experience in propagation of less known indigenous species; fasten establishment • Bringing more partners with common goals on board-through bilateral project Adansonia digitata-

Improved propagation techniques-grafting Fruiting in 5 years 2002

Dacryodes edulis 2005 Six year old A. parviflora in Ghana Calotropis procera

“Greening the Sahel” Learn more on: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/products/grunew

Thank you