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Between Dissent and Praise, Between Sacred and Secular: Corippus Against the African Background of the Three Chapters Controversy

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Between Dissent and Praise, Between Sacred and Secular: Corippus Against the African Background of the Three Chapters Controversy CHIARA O. TOMMASI MORESCHINI BETWEEN DISSENT AND PRAISE, BETWEEN SACRED AND SECULAR: CORIPPUS AGAINST THE AFRICAN BACKGROUND OF THE THREE CHAPTERS CONTROVERSY ESTRATTO da RIVISTA DI STORIA E LETTERATURA RELIGIOSA 2017/2 ~ a. 53 ISSN 0035-6573 n. 2 2017 Anno LIII - 2017 - n. 2 Rivista di Storia e Letteratura Religiosa diretta da G. Dagron†, C. Ossola F. A. Pennacchietti, M. Rosa, B. Stock Rivista di Storia e Letteratura Religiosa Storia Rivista di Leo S. Olschki Editore Firenze Rivista di Storia e Letteratura Religiosa diretta da GILBERT DAGRON† - CARLO OSSOLA - FABRIZIO A. PENNACCHIETTI MARIO ROSA - BRIAN STOCK Periodico quadrimestrale redatto presso l’Università degli Studi di Torino Direzione Cesare Alzati, Gilbert Dagron†, Francisco Jarauta, Carlo Ossola Benedetta Papàsogli, Fabrizio A. Pennacchietti, Daniela Rando, Mario Rosa Maddalena Scopello, Brian Stock Redazione Linda Bisello, Valerio Gigliotti, Giacomo Jori Chiara Pilocane, Davide Scotto Articoli Dattiloscritti di Articoli, Note, Recensioni, Cronache, ecc., C.O. Tommasi Moreschini, Between Dissent and Praise, between Sacred and come pure opere da recensire vanno indirizzati a: Secular: Corippus against the African background of the Three Chapters Redazione della «Rivista di Storia e Letteratura Religiosa» controversy .................................................. Pag. 201 Via Giulia di Barolo, 3, int. A – 10124 Torino M. Albertoni, L’eredità religiosa di Fanino Fanini. Integrazioni e nuovi argo- tel. +39.011.670.3861 – [email protected] menti su eresia e Inquisizione a Faenza (1550-1570) ................. » 231 Gli autori devono restituire le bozze corrette insieme ai dattiloscritti P. Palmieri, I pericoli e le risorse del mare. Il Mediterraneo nelle missioni gesui- esclusivamente alla Redazione di Torino. tiche (Napoli, secoli XVII-XVIII) ................................. » 257 La responsabilità scientifica degli articoli, note, recensioni, etc., spetta esclusivamente agli autori che li firmano. Note e testi La Direzione assume responsabilità solo di quanto viene espressamente indicato come suo. D. Baldi, I ‘Documenti del Concilio’ di Firenze e quasi sei secoli di storia .... » 287 Il testo dattiloscritto pervenuto in Redazione si intende definitivo. Ogni ulteriore correzione è a carico degli autori. Per richieste di abbonamento e per quanto riguarda la parte editoriale rivolgersi esclusivamente a: Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki Casella postale 66, 50123 Firenze • Viuzzo del Pozzetto 8, 50126 Firenze e-mail: [email protected] • Conto corrente postale 12.707.501 Tel. (+39) 055.65.30.684 • fax (+39) 055.65.30.214 2017: Abbonamento annuale – Annual subscription Istituzioni – InstItutIons La quota per le istituzioni è comprensiva dell’accesso on-line alla rivista. Indirizzo IP e richieste di informazioni sulla procedura di attivazione dovranno essere inoltrati a [email protected] Subscription rates for institutions include on-line access to the journal. The IP address and requests for information on the activation procedure should be sent to [email protected] Italia �€ 138,00 • Foreign �€ 174,00 (solo on-line – on-line only �€ 130,00) Privati – IndIvIduals Italia �€ 108,00 • Foreign �€ 142,00 (solo on-line – on-line only �€ 97,00) Pubblicato nel mese di maggio 2018 Anno LIII - 2017 - n. 2 Rivista di Storia e Letteratura Religiosa diretta da G. Dagron†, C. Ossola F. A. Pennacchietti, M. Rosa, B. Stock Leo S. Olschki Editore Firenze Comitato dei Referenti Gérard Ferreyrolles (Université Paris-Sorbonne) – Giuseppe Ghiberti (Professore Emerito della Facoltà Teologica dell’Italia Settentrionale) – Paolo Grossi (Professore Emerito dell’Università di Firenze) – Moshe Idel (Hebrew University, Jerusalem) Francesco Margiotta Broglio (Professore Emerito dell’Università di Firenze) Corrado Martone (Università di Torino) – Agostino Paravicini Bagliani (Professeur Honoraire de l’Université de Lausanne) – Marco Pellegrini (Università di Bergamo) – Michel Yves Perrin (École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris) Maria Cristina Pitassi (Université de Genève) – Victor Stoichita (Università di Friburgo) Roberto Tottoli (Università degli Studi di Napoli L’Orientale) Stefano Villani (University of Maryland) – Francesco Zambon (Università di Trento) Gli articoli presi in considerazione per la pubblicazione saranno valutati in ‘doppio cieco’. Sulla base delle indicazioni dei referees, l’autore può essere invitato a rivedere il proprio testo. La decisione finale in merito alla pubblicazione spetta alla Direzione. BETWEEN DISSENT AND PRAISE, BETWEEN SACRED AND SECULAR: Corippus against the African background of the Three Chapters controversy In recent decades, a considerable array of invaluable researches has provided a thorough investigation of, and cast a definite light on the so- called Three Chapters controversy, which, in spite of its origin in Justin- ian’s attempt at regaining ecclesiastical and political unity, was fated to provoke one of the most serious and long-lasting schisms of the early Middle Ages. This involved an intricate web of relationships between East and West, between the empire and the papacy, and enabled the emergence of a thrust for autonomy on the part of the newly estab- lished Germanic kingdoms and the local churches.1 Such a dense pe- 1 As stated in the preface of the volume recently edited by C. Chazelle – C. Cubitt, The Crisis of the Oikoumene. The Three Chapters and the Failed Quest for Unity in the Sixth- Century Mediterranean, Turnhout, Brepols, 2007, which contains an extensive discussion of the subject; most of all, the magisterial essay by Y. Modéran, L’Afrique reconquise et les Trois Chapitres, pp. 39-82, which is of particular concern for the present study. In addition to the classic and seminal inquiry by W. Pewesin, Imperium, Ecclesia universalis, Rom. Der Kampf der Afrikanischen Kirche um die Mitte des 6. Jahrhunderts, Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 1937, pp. 150- 158, the issue is also debated by J. Herrin, The Formation of Christendom, Princeton, Princ- eton University Press, 1989, pp. 119-125; C. Sotinel, L’Echec en Occident: l’affaire des Trois Chapitres, in L. Pietri et alii (eds.), Histoire du christianisme des origines à nos jours, vol. 3, Les Églises d’Orient et d’Occident (432-610), Paris, Desclée, 1998, pp. 427-455 (mainly concerned with Italy); Ead., Le concile, l’empereur, l’évêque, in S. Elm – E. Rebillard – A. Romano, Or- thodoxie, christianisme, histoire: Orthodoxy, Christianity, History, Rome, Ecole Française, 2000, pp. 275-299; A. Placanica, Teologia polemica e storiografia ecclesiastica nella controversia dei tre Capitoli, in A. Quacquarelli (ed.), Res Christiana. Temi interdisciplinari di patrologia, Rome, Città Nuova, 1999, pp. 129-254; P. Marone, La difesa dei Tre Capitoli portata avanti dagli eccle- siastici africani tra il 545 e il 565, in La teologia dal V all’VIII secolo fra sviluppo e crisi. XLI Incon- tro di studiosi dell’antichità cristiana (Roma, 9-11 maggio 2013), Rome, Institutum Patristicum Augustinianum, 2014, pp. 283-298. Further bibliography will be mentioned infra (nn. 11, 16, 24, 31). Although less cited (in all probability because of the Italian language), the long study by C. Alzati, “Pro sancta fide, pro dogma patrum”: La tradizione dogmatica delle chiese italiciane di fronte alla questione dei tre capitoli. Caratteri dottrinali e implicazioni ecclesiologiche 202 CHIARA O. TOMMASI MORESCHINI riod therefore represents the ideal setting for elucidating the complex relationship between imperial power and ecclesiastical hierarchy, which, as clearly attested to by the vicissitudes in the aftermath of Chalcedon, balances the subtleties of theological formulas with diplomatic manoeu- vres and sudden changes of position.2 However, in order to differentiate from the aforementioned inves- tigations, the present study will approach the question from a different perspective – namely, how the events were reshaped in different sourc- es and what reasons are implied in these choices – and, in particular, it will take into account some authors that have so far been neglected in research. It seems worth quoting at the beginning a passage from Corippus’ Io- hannis (7,480-94), for the so-called Three Chapters controversy takes place in the very years when the poet moved from Carthage to Constantinople, because of the fame gained by the deliverance of his Iohannis, an epic poem that celebrates the victory of the Byzantine general John Troglite over the rebellious Moors in a recently reconquered Africa: 3 dello scisma, in Ambrosiana Ecclesia. Studi sulla chiesa milanese e l’ecumene cristiana fra tarda antichità e medioevo, Milan, NED, 1993, pp. 97-130, is quite significant in order to understand the theological and doctrinal concerns which were at stake during the controversy. These studies are the basis for some of the following reflections. 2 On the council of Chalcedon and its legacy see (mainly from a theological perspec- tive) A. Grillmeier – H. Bacht (eds.), Das Konzil von Chalkedon: Geschichte und Gegenwart, Würzburg, Echterverlag, 1951-54; W.H.C. Frend, The Rise of the Monophysite Movement: Chapters in the History of the Church in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries, Cambridge, CUP, 1972; A. de Halleux, La définition christologique à Chalcédoine, «Revue théologique de Louvain», VII, 1976, pp. 3-23, 155-170 (= Patrologie et oecuménisme: Recueil d’études, Leuven, Peeters, 1990, pp. 445-480); P.T.R. Gray, The Defense of Chalcedon in the East (451-553), Leiden, Brill, 1979; H.M. Diepen, Les Trois Chapitres au Concile de Chalcédoine:
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