Estimating Global Solar Radiation Using Sunshine Hours

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Estimating Global Solar Radiation Using Sunshine Hours Rev. Energ. Ren. : Physique Energétique (1998) 7 - 11 Estimating Global Solar Radiation Using Sunshine Hours 1 M. Chegaar, A. Lamri and A. Chibani Physics Institut, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1 Physics Institut, University of Annaba, Annaba Abstract - In the present paper, we describe how an empirical model, originally formulated by Sivkov to compute the monthly global irradiation, has been modified to make it fit some Algerian and Spanish sites. Appropriate parameters have been introduced. The monthly average daily values of global irradiation incident on a horizontal surface at some Algerian and Spanish meteorological stations are computed by this method using sunshine hours and minimum air-mass. The obtained values, for Algeria, are then compared to those calculated by M. Capderou. Measurements of global solar irradiation on horizontal surface at some Spanish meteorological stations, published by J Canada, are compared to predictions made by this model. The agreement between the measured and computed values and those estimated by this model is remarkable. Résumé - Dans le présent article, nous décrivons comment un modèle empirique originairement formulé par Sivkov, pour calculer l’irradiation globale mensuelle, a été modifié pour être appliquer à quelques sites algériens et espagnols. Des paramètres appropriés ont été introduit. Les valeurs de l’irradiation globale moyenne mensuelle journalière, incidente sur une surface horizontale sur quelques stations météorologiques algériennes et espagnoles, ont été calculées par cette méthode en utilisant la durée d’ensoleillement et l’air- mass minimum. Les valeurs obtenues sont ensuite comparées à celles calculées par M. Capderou pour le cas de l’Algérie. Les valeurs mesurées de l’irradiation solaire globale, incidente sur une surface horizontale, par quelques stations météorologiques espagnoles et publiées par J. Canada, ont été comparées aux prédictions obtenues par ce modèle. L’accord entre les valeurs mesurées, calculées et celles obtenues par ce modèle est remarquable. Keywords: Solar radiation - Global radiation - Algeria - Spain - Sunshine duration - Horizontal surface - Monthly average – Measured values. 1. INTRODUCTION The development of many solar energy devices and for estimates of their performances require an accurate knowledge of solar radiation distribution at a particular geographical location. Unfortunately, solar radiation measurements are not easily available for many developing countries for not being able to afford the measurement equipment and techniques involved. Therefore, it is rather important to elaborate methods to estimate the solar radiation on the basis of more readily meteorological data. Several empirical formulae have been developed to calculate the solar radiation using various parameters. Some works used the sunshine duration [1-8] others used the sunshine duration, relative humidity and temperature [9, 10], while others used the number of rainy days, sunshine hours and a factor that depends on latitude and altitude [11]. Algeria is a high insolation country, The number of sunshine hours amounts almost 3300h./year. The weather is most favourable for the utilisation of solar energy, but the distribution of the solar radiation is not well known. The importance of this work lies on the fundamental need of knowledge of the global solar radiation data in the country. In the present work, an empirical method originally formulated by Sivkov [1] has been modified to make it fit some Algerian and Spanish meteorological stations. The model only requires the duration of sunshine and minimum air-mass. Sivkov has proposed the following relation : 1.31 2.1 G m = 4.9 ( s m ) + 10500 ( sin h n ) (1) 2 Where Gm is the monthly global radiation (cal.cm- ), Sm is the monthly average daily number of bright th sunshine (hours), and hn is the noon height of the sun on the 15 of the month. 2. CALCULATION PROCEDURE In the present work, data of monthly mean of daily global solar radiation and sunshine duration from four Algerian meteorological stations (Algiers, Oran, Béchar and Tamanrasset) and five Spanish stations (Alicante, Castellon, Cofrentes, Murcia and Valencia) are used. The geographical location of stations and the sources of data are presented in Table 1. Measurements of global solar radiation were performed with Robitzsh and Kipp & Zonen pyranometers. For the recording of sunshine duration there are used Campbell-Stokes heliographs. 7 8 M. Chegaar et al. Table 1: Geographical location of stations and sources of data Latitude Altitude Longitude Duration of records Source of Country Station (deg)(N) (m) (degree) sunshine radiation data Algiers 36.43 25 3.15 E 25 10 [4] Oran 35.38 99 0.37 W 25 10 [4] Algeria Béchar 31.38 806 2.15 W 25 10 [4] Tam. 22.47 1378 5.31 E 25 10 [4] Alicante 38.36 81 0.5 W 22 6 [1] Castellon 39.95 27 0.68 W 30 5 [1] Spain Cofrentes 39.20 387 1.05 W 9 9 [1] Murcia 37.98 72 1.11 W 16 8 [1] Valencia 39.46 15 0.36 W 23 11 [1] The monthly average of daily global irradiation on a horizontal surface is obtained by changing sm to the daily value s and dividing the constant by 30 days of the month and introducing an appropriate parameter (K). The modified formula is : −2 1.11 10500 2.08 G= 4.18 10 K ( s ) + ( sin h ) (2) 30 Where G is the computed daily global irradiation (MJ.m-2.day-1), s is the monthly average daily bright sunshine hours (hours) and h is the noon solar altitude on file 15th of the month (degrees). K is a zone parameter that depends on the climate. The values obtained using eq. (1), for the Algerian meteorological stations, are then compared with calculations made by Capderou [4]. He used the regression equation of Angstrom’s type : H s = a + b (3) H 0 s0 -2 -1 Where H is the monthly average daily global irradiation on a horizontal surface (MJ.m .day ), H0 is the monthly average daily extraterrestrial irradiation on a horizontal surface ( MJ.m-2.d-1), s is the monthly average daily number of hours of bright sunshine, s0 is the monthly average daily maximum number of hours f possible sunshine and a and b are regression constants. Capderou found : a = 0.41 and b = 0.58. For the Spanish stations the monthly average daily global irradiation values obtained using the proposed formula are compared to those estimated by Canada [1]. He proposed the following formula : K ( s )1.24 ( h π /180 ) −0.19 + 10550 / 30 ( sin h ) 2.1 + 10 ( sin h )3 H = (4) e 24 -2 -1 Where He is the daily global irradiation (MJ.m .day ). The used zone parameter is K = 14. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Algerian meteorological stations are divided into three zones according to the characteristics of their climate, Mediterranean climate for Algiers and Oran, Sahara climate for Béchar and Tamanrasset which is influenced by the African tropical climate. Fig. 1: Monthly average of daily global Fig. 2: Monthly average of daily global in irradiance in Algiers irradiance in Oran The monthly average daily global irradiation values are calculated using eq. (2). Appropriate zone parameters have been determined, K = 19.4 (Algiers and Oran), K = 21.3 (Béchar) and K = 23.3 (Tamanrasset). The results are presented in Table 2. SIPE : Estimating Global Solar Radiation… 9 Where a comparison with measurements and with calculation made by Capderou is also given. The variation of the daily global irradiation measured and computed are represented in Figs (1-4). The best estimates of global irradiation were calculated for Béchar and Tamanrasset. The maximum errors are -10.65 per cent for Algiers, 10.64 per cent for Oran, 5.94 per cent for Béchar and 8.12 per cent for Tamanrasset, whether the maximum errors using Capderou model are respectively -11.04 %, 10.45 %, 13.42 % and -13.56 %. The peak solar insolation occurs in the cases of Algiers, Oran and Béchar in June, July and for Tamanrasset in May, July. The solar radiation fluctuates from 25.38 MJ.m-2.day-1 to 28.26 MJ.m-2.day-1 for all the stations. Table 2 Comparison between G1 and Gm, and Gm and G2 for Algerian stations Station Var. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. S 4.70 5.98 7.08 7.91 9.91 10.27 11.12 10.73 9.11 6.91 5.15 4.68 H 32.02 40.32 50.82 62.76 71.96 76.56 74.95 67.60 56.63 45.06 35.00 30.06 G1 8.43 11.82 15.73 19.51 23.52 24.57 25.36 23.72 19.48 14.06 9.60 7.97 Algiers Gm 7.88 10.69 14.87 17.68 21.64 22.21 25.38 22.90 18.43 12.71 9.79 7.42 G2 7.91 11.69 15.95 19.63 23.75 24.47 24.97 23.01 18.51 12.99 8.68 7.09 E1 -6.91 -10.5 -7.83 -10.7 -8.69 -10.6 0.08 -3.62 -5.67 10.65 1.91 -7.47 E2 -0.27 -9.29 -7.26 -11.0 -9.78 -10.1 1.62 -0.50 -0.43 -2.21 11.32 4.37 S 5.24 5.68 7.55 8.14 9.57 9.91 11.33 10.56 8.85 7.37 5.39 5.11 H 33.10 41.40 51.90 63.84 73.04 77.64 76.03 68.68 57.71 46.14 36.08 31.14 G1 9.26 11.77 16.54 20.00 23.29 24.28 25.74 23.72 19.44 14.86 10.12 8.67 Oran Gm 9.36 12.53 18.50 20.28 23.08 27.00 26.60 24.16 20.56 14.00 9.94 8.03 G2 8.75 11.75 16.91 21.24 23.55 24.18 25.52 23.12 18.58 13.90 9.25 7.82 E1 1.11 6.08 10.64 5.85 -0.91 10.09 3.23 1.80 5.44 -6.08 -1.89 -7.99 E2 6.54 6.21 8.60 4.54 -2.06 10.45 4.06 4.29 9.63 0.77 6.88 2.60 S 7.91 8.72 9.94 10.75 11.16 11.64 11.63 10.93 10.05 9.03 8.04 7.58 H 37.10 45.40 55.90 67.83 77.04 81.64 80.03 72.68 61.71 50.14 40.08 35.14 G1 14.00 17.07 21.28 24.90 26.82 27.88 27.74 25.94 22.76 18.68 14.86 13.07 Béchar Gm 14.47 17.14 22.00 24.59 26.03 28.26 26.78 24.52 22.07 18.47 14.58 13.90 G2 13.38 17.39 22.29 24.25 27.77 28.45 27.88 25.62 22.41 18.06 13.93 12.03 E1 3.23 0.385 3.28 -1.27 -3.05 1.33 -3.56 -5.82 -3.15 -1.16 -1.90 5.94 E2 7.56 -1.47 -1.34 1.38 -6.53 -0.69 -4.09 -4.49 -1.57 2.18 4.44 13.42 S 8.40 9.12 9.98 9.66 9.95 9.23 9.94 9.85 8.89 8.87 8.86 8.40 H 45.95 54.25 64.75 76.68 85.89 89.51 88.88 81.53 70.56 58.99 48.93 43.99 G1 17.70 20.80 24.39 25.90 27.03 26.11 27.09 26.64 23.96 21.60 19.10 17.19 Tam.
Recommended publications
  • Development of a Model for Prediction of Solar Radiation
    ENGINEERENGINEER - - Vol. Vol. XLVIII, XLVIII No., No. 03, 03 pp., pp. [19-25], [page 2015range], 2015 ©© TheThe Institution Institution of of Engineers, Engineers, Sri SriLanka Lanka Development of a Model for Prediction of Solar Radiation W. D. A. S. Wijayapala and D. H. K. Kushal Abstract: Power generation from renewable energy sources such as wind, mini-hydro, solar etc is becoming increasingly popular due to environmental concerns. However, it is not possible to predict the energy generation of solar power plants in advance. Hence the power system operator has no information about the tomorrow‟s possible energy availability from these non-dispatchable power plants. The outcome of this study enables the system operator to predict the possible energy generation from solar power plants based on the weather forecasts and provide the system operator with predictions on energy generation and capacity of solar power plants connected to the grid. The predictions will enable to prepare the dispatch schedules accordingly. In this study, the effect of the geographical and meteorological parameters for predicting daily global solar radiation at Sooriyawewa, Hambantota in Sri Lanka is investigated. A multiple linear regression was applied to explain the relationship among solar radiation and identified meteorological and geographical parameters such as cloud cover, sunshine duration, precipitation, open air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, gust speed and sine value of declination angle. Variables in these equations were used to estimate the global solar radiation. Values calculated/predicted from models were compared with the actual measurements to validate the model. Keywords : Solar Power, Solar Radiation, Prediction The most important usage of this model is that 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Urbanization on Sunshine Duration from 1987 to 2016 in Hangzhou City, China
    atmosphere Article Impact of Urbanization on Sunshine Duration from 1987 to 2016 in Hangzhou City, China Kai Jin 1,2,* , Peng Qin 1 , Chunxia Liu 1, Quanli Zong 1 and Shaoxia Wang 1,* 1 Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; [email protected] (P.Q.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (Q.Z.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (S.W.); Tel.: +86-150-6682-4968 (K.J.); +86-136-1642-9118 (S.W.) Abstract: Worldwide solar dimming from the 1960s to the 1980s has been widely recognized, but the occurrence of solar brightening since the late 1980s is still under debate—particularly in China. This study aims to properly examine the biases of urbanization in the observed sunshine duration series from 1987 to 2016 and explore the related driving factors based on five meteorological stations around Hangzhou City, China. The results inferred a weak and insignificant decreasing trend in annual mean sunshine duration (−0.09 h/d decade−1) from 1987 to 2016 in the Hangzhou region, indicating a solar dimming tendency. However, large differences in sunshine duration changes between rural, suburban, and urban stations were observed on the annual, seasonal, and monthly scales, which can be attributed to the varied urbanization effects. Using rural stations as a baseline, we found evident urbanization effects on the annual mean sunshine duration series at urban and suburban stations—particularly in the period of 2002–2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation in Surface Air Temperature of China During the 20Th Century
    Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 73 (2011) 2331–2344 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jastp Variation in surface air temperature of China during the 20th century Willie Soon a,n, Koushik Dutta b, David R. Legates c, Victor Velasco d, WeiJia Zhang e a Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA b Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA c College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA d Departamento de Investigaciones Solares y Planetarias, Instituto de Geofisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico e Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China article info abstract Article history: The 20th century surface air temperature (SAT) records of China from various sources are analyzed Received 21 March 2011 using data which include the recently released Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset. Two key Received in revised form features of the Chinese records are confirmed: (1) significant 1920s and 1940s warming in the 20 July 2011 temperature records, and (2) evidence for a persistent multidecadal modulation of the Chinese surface Accepted 25 July 2011 temperature records in co-variations with both incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere as Available online 3 August 2011 well as the modulated solar radiation reaching ground surface. New evidence is presented for this Keywords: Sun–climate link for the instrumental record from 1880 to 2002. Additionally, two non-local physical Total solar irradiance aspects of solar radiation-induced modulation of the Chinese SAT record are documented and Sunshine duration discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Forecasting of Severe Thunderstorms Using Upper Air Data
    International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 306 ISSN 2229-5518 Forecasting of Severe Thunderstorms using Upper Air data Sonia Bhattacharya, Anustup Chakrabarty and Himadri Chakrabarty Abstract— Severe local thunderstorm is the extreme weather convective phenomenon generated from cumulonimbus cloud. It has a devastating effect on human life. Correct forecasting is very crucial factor to save life and property. Here in this paper we have applied artificial neural network to achieve desired result. Multilayer perceptron has been applied on upper air data such as sunshine hour, pressure at freezing level, height at freezing level and cloud coverage (octa NH). MLP predicted correctly both ‘squall’ and ‘no squall’ storm days more than 90% with 12 hours leading time. Index Terms— MLP, squall, cumulus cloud, sunshine hour, pressure at freezing level, height at freezing level, octa 1 INTRODUCTION University Kolkata, India, PH-919433355720, E-mail: [email protected] When not obscured by haze or other clouds, the Thunderstorm is one of the most devastating top of a cumulonimbus is bright and tall, reaching up to an altitude of 10-16 km (lower in higher type of mesoscale, convective weather latitudes and higher in the tropics). Although a phenomenon, generated from the cumulonimbus thunderstorm is a three-dimensional structure, it cloud. It occurs in different subtropical places of should be thought of as a constantly evolving the world, (Ludlam, 1963). Over 40,000 process rather than an object. Each thunderstorm, thunderstorms occur throughout the world each or cluster of thunderstorms, is a self-contained day[1] The strong wind which has the speed of at system with organized regions of up drafts least 45 kilometers per hour with the duration of (upward moving air) and downdrafts (downward minimum 1 secondIJSER is termed as squall [1].
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Climate Summary
    & ~ Hurricane Season Review ~ Meteorological Department St. Maarten Modesta Drive # 12, Simpson Bay (721) 545-4226 www.meteosxm.com MDS Climatological Summary 2018 The information contained in this Climatological Summary must not be copied in part or any form, or communicated for the use of any other party without the expressed written permission of the Meteorological Department St. Maarten. All data and observations were recorded at the Princess Juliana International Airport. This document is published by the Meteorological Department St. Maarten, and a digital copy is available on our website. Prepared by: Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc Published by: Meteorological Department St. Maarten Modesta Drive # 12, Simpson Bay St. Maarten, Dutch Caribbean Telephone: (721) 545-4226 Website: www.meteosxm.com E-mail: [email protected] www.facebook.com/sxmweather www.twitter.com/@sxmweather MDS © May 2019 Page 2 of 29 MDS Climatological Summary 2018 Table of Contents Introduction.............................................................................................................. 4 Island Climatology……............................................................................................. 5 About Us……………………………………………………………………………..……….……………… 6 2018 Hurricane Season Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 Local Effects...................................................................................................... 9 Summary Table ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Approach for Estimating Monthly Sunshine Duration Using Artificial Neural Networks: a Case Study
    ISSN 1848 -9257 Journal of Sustainable Development Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water of Energy, Water and Environment Systems and Environment Systems http://www.sdewes.org/jsdewes http://www.sdewes.org/jsdewes Year 2018, Volume 6, Issue 3, pp 405-414 Novel Approach for Estimating Monthly Sunshine Duration Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Case Study Maamar Laidi *1, Salah Hanini 2, Abdallah El Hadj Abdallah 3 1Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMPT), University of Médéa, BD de L’A.L.N Ain D’heb Médéa, Médéa, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] 2Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMPT), University of Médéa, BD de L’A.L.N Ain D’heb Médéa, Médéa, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] 3Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMPT), University of Médéa, BD de L’A.L.N Ain D’heb Médéa, Médéa, Algeria Department of Chemistry, University of Saad Dahlab, Route de Soumaa BP 270, Blida, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] Cite as: Laidi, M., Hanini, S., Abdallah El Hadj, A., Novel Approach for Estimating Monthly Sunshine Duration Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Case Study, J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst., 6(3), pp 405-414, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d6.0226 ABSTRACT This work deals with the potential application of artificial neural networks to model sunshine duration in three cities in Algeria using ten input parameters. These latter are: year and month, longitude, latitude and altitude of the site, minimum, mean and maximum air temperature, wind speed and relative humidity. They were selected according to their availability in meteorological stations and based on the fact that they are considered as the most used parameters by researchers to model sunshine duration using artificial neural networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunshine Duration Reconstruction in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau Based on Tree-Ring Width and Its Relationship to Volcanic Eruptions
    Science of the Total Environment 628–629 (2018) 707–714 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Sunshine duration reconstruction in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau based on tree-ring width and its relationship to volcanic eruptions Changfeng Sun a,YuLiua,b,c,⁎,HuimingSonga, Qiufang Cai a, Qiang Li a,LuWanga,d, Ruochen Mei a,d,CongxiFanga,d a The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China b Interdisciplinary Research Center of Earth Science Frontier (IRCESF) and Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China c Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China d University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • A 497-year sunshine duration was re- (a) The reconstructed monthly sunshine duration series from the prior September to the current June during 1517–2013 CE (gray line), constructed in the southeastern Tibetan an 11-year moving average (black line), the long-term mean (black horizontal line), and the mean value ± 1σ (gray horizontal lines); Plateau. (b) 30-year (gray line) and 50-year (black line) running variance for reconstructed. • Sunshine appeared a decreasing trend from the mid-19th to the early 21st cen- turies. • Weak sunshine years matched well with years of major volcanic eruptions. • Sunshine duration was possibly affected by large-scale climate forcing. article info abstract Article history: Sunshine is as essential as temperature and precipitation for tree growth, but sunshine duration reconstructions Received 25 November 2017 based on tree rings have not yet been conducted in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Continental Climate in the East Siberian Arctic During the Last
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Global and Planetary Change 60 (2008) 535–562 www.elsevier.com/locate/gloplacha Continental climate in the East Siberian Arctic during the last interglacial: Implications from palaeobotanical records ⁎ Frank Kienast a, , Pavel Tarasov b, Lutz Schirrmeister a, Guido Grosse c, Andrei A. Andreev a a Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany b Free University Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Palaeontology Department, Malteserstr. 74-100, Building D, Berlin 12249, Germany c Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks Alaska 99775-7320, USA Received 17 November 2006; accepted 20 July 2007 Available online 27 August 2007 Abstract To evaluate the consequences of possible future climate changes and to identify the main climate drivers in high latitudes, the vegetation and climate in the East Siberian Arctic during the last interglacial are reconstructed and compared with Holocene conditions. Plant macrofossils from permafrost deposits on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island, New Siberian Archipelago, in the Russian Arctic revealed the existence of a shrubland dominated by Duschekia fruticosa, Betula nana and Ledum palustre and interspersed with lakes and grasslands during the last interglacial. The reconstructed vegetation differs fundamentally from the high arctic tundra that exists in this region today, but resembles an open variant of subarctic shrub tundra as occurring near the tree line about 350 km southwest of the study site. Such difference in the plant cover implies that, during the last interglacial, the mean summer temperature was considerably higher, the growing season was longer, and soils outside the range of thermokarst depressions were drier than today.
    [Show full text]
  • Extreme Climate Response to Marine Cloud Brightening in the Arid Sahara-Sahel-Arabian 250 Peninsula Zone
    The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/1756-8692.htm IJCCSM 13,3 Extreme climate response to marine cloud brightening in the arid Sahara-Sahel-Arabian 250 Peninsula zone Received 6 June 2020 Yuanzhuo Zhu Revised 11 August 2020 10 November 2020 Climate Modeling Laboratory, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, 18 November 2020 Jinan, China Accepted 10 December 2020 Zhihua Zhang Climate Modeling Laboratory, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, China, and M. James C. Crabbe Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK and School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China Abstract Purpose – Climatic extreme events are predicted to occur more frequently and intensely and will significantly threat the living of residents in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, this study aims to assess climatic extremes’ response to the emerging climate change mitigation strategy using a marine cloud brightening (MCB) scheme. Design/methodology/approach – Based on Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2- Earth System model simulations of a MCB scheme, this study used six climatic extreme indices [i.e. the hottest days (TXx), the coolest nights (TNn), the warm spell duration (WSDI), the cold spell duration (CSDI), the consecutive dry days (CDD) and wettest consecutive five days (RX5day)] to analyze spatiotemporal evolution of climate extreme events in the arid Sahara-Sahel-Arabian Peninsula Zone with and without MCB implementation.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Radiation in the Arctic During the Early Twentieth-Century Warming (1921–50): Presenting a Compilation of Newly Available Data
    1JANUARY 2021 P R Z Y B Y L A K E T A L . 21 Solar Radiation in the Arctic during the Early Twentieth-Century Warming (1921–50): Presenting a Compilation of Newly Available Data R. PRZYBYLAK Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, and Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland P. N. SVYASHCHENNIKOV Climatology and Environmental Monitoring Department, and Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia J. USCKA-KOWALKOWSKA Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland P. WYSZYNSKI Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, and Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland (Manuscript received 14 April 2020, in final form 13 July 2020) ABSTRACT: The early twentieth-century warming (ETCW), defined as occurring within the period 1921–50, saw a clear increase in actinometric observations in the Arctic. Nevertheless, information on radiation balance and its components at that time is still very limited in availability, and therefore large discrepancies exist among estimates of total solar irradiance forcing. To eliminate these uncertainties, all available solar radiation data for the Arctic need to be collected and processed. Better knowledge about incoming solar radiation (direct, diffuse, and global) should allow for more reliable estimation of the magnitude of total solar irradiance forcing, which can help, in turn, to more precisely and correctly explain the reasons for the ETCW in the Arctic. The paper summarizes our research into the availability of solar radiation data for the Arctic.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunshine Duration As a Proxy of the Atmospheric Aerosol Content
    SUNSHINE DURATION AS A PROXY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL CONTENT Alejandro Sanchez Romero Per citar o enllaçar aquest document: Para citar o enlazar este documento: Use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394045 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996).
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Global Solar Radiation and Sunshine Durations in Cameroon
    Open Journal of Air Pollution, 2018, 7, 107-119 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojap ISSN Online: 2169-2661 ISSN Print: 2169-2653 The Relationship between Global Solar Radiation and Sunshine Durations in Cameroon R. Mbiaké1, A. Beya Wakata2, E. Mfoumou3, E. Ndjeuna4, L. Fotso1, E. Tiekwe1, J. R. Kaze Djamen5, C. Bobda6 1University of Douala, Faculty of Sciences, Douala, Cameroon 2University of Yaoundé, Faculty of Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon 3Nova Scotia Community College, Division of Applied Research, Springhill, Canada 4Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique (ENSET), Douala, Cameroon 5Centre de Physique Atomique, Moléculaire Optique et Quantique (CEPAMOQ), Douala, Cameroon 6Public Health of the San Diego University, San Diego, USA How to cite this paper: Mbiaké, R., Beya Abstract Wakata, A., Mfoumou, E., Ndjeuna, E., Fotso, L., Tiekwe, E., Kaze Djamen, J.R. and Based on the well-known modified Angstrom formula on the relationship Bobda, C. (2018) The Relationship between between the sunshine duration and the global solar radiation, this paper Global Solar Radiation and Sunshine Dura- aimed to estimate the value of the constant a and b in Cameroon. Only five ci- tions in Cameroon. Open Journal of Air ties (Maroua, Garoua, NGaoundéré, Yaoundé and Douala) had the both Pollution, 7, 107-119. available in-situ data recorded during the period of eleven years (1996-2006) https://doi.org/10.4236/ojap.2018.72006 beside which four others cities (Dschang, Koundja, Yoko and Manfé) had on- Received: January 10, 2018 ly the in-situ sunshine duration available data recorded during the period of Accepted: June 11, 2018 twenty years (1986-2006).
    [Show full text]