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Sunshine Duration As a Proxy of the Atmospheric Aerosol Content

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Sunshine Duration As a Proxy of the Atmospheric Aerosol Content SUNSHINE DURATION AS A PROXY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL CONTENT Alejandro Sanchez Romero Per citar o enllaçar aquest document: Para citar o enlazar este documento: Use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394045 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. DOCTORAL THESIS SUNSHINE DURATION AS A PROXY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL CONTENT Alejandro Sanchez Romero 2016 DOCTORAL THESIS SUNSHINE DURATION AS A PROXY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL CONTENT Alejandro Sanchez Romero 2016 Doctoral Programme in Experimental Sciences and Sustainability Supervisors: Josep Calbó Angrill José Abel González Gutiérrez Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a doctoral degree from the University of Girona Dr. Josep Calbó Angrill and Dr. José Abel González Gutiérrez, of Department of Physics Universitat de Girona, WE DECLARE: That the thesis entitled ―Sunshine duration as a proxy of the atmospheric aerosol content‖, presented by Alejandro Sanchez Romero to obtain a doctoral degree, has been completed under our supervision and meets the requirements to opt for an International Doctorate. For all intents and purposes, we hereby sign this document. Dr. Josep Calbó Angrill Dr. José Abel González Gutiérrez Girona, May 2nd, 2016. List of publications This Ph.D. thesis includes one review paper and three research papers that have been published in peer-reviewed journals. The complete references of the papers comprised in this thesis and the corresponding impact factor of the journals, according to the 2014 Journal Citation Reports (JCR), are: 1. Sanchez-Romero, A., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., Calbó, J., González, J.A., and Azorin- Molina, C. (2014), The signal of aerosol-induced changes in sunshine duration records: A review of the evidence, Journal of Geophysical Research Atmosphere, 119, 4657–4673, doi:10.1002/2013JD021393. (Impact factor: 3.426; position 19/175; Category: Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; 1st quartile). 2. Sanchez-Romero, A., González, J. A., Calbó, J., and Sanchez-Lorenzo, A. (2015), Using digital image processing to characterize the Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder and to derive high-temporal resolution direct solar irradiance, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8, 183-194, doi:10.5194/amt-8-183-2015. (Impact factor: 2.929; position 20/77; Category: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; 2nd quartile). 3. Sanchez-Romero, A., González, J. A., Calbó, J., and Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., and Michalsky, J. (2016), Aerosol optical depth in a western Mediterranean site: an assessment of different methods, Atmospheric Research, 174-175, 70-84, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.002. (Impact factor: 2.844; position 22/77; Category: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; 2nd quartile) 4. Sanchez-Romero, A., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., González, J.A., and Calbó, J. (2016), Reconstruction of long-term aerosol optical depth series with sunshine duration records, Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 1296–1305, doi:10.1002/2015GL067543. (Impact factor: 4.196; position 9/175; Category: Geosciences Multidisciplinary; 1st quartile) Two other articles related with the subject of the thesis have also been co-authored by the author of this thesis, but are not included in it: 1. Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., Calbó, J., Wild, M., Azorin-Molina, C., and Sanchez-Romero, A. (2013), New insights into the history of the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder. Weather, 68: 327-331, doi: 10.1002/wera.2130. 2. Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., Enriquez-Alonso, A., Wild, M., Trentmann, J., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Sanchez-Romero, A., Posselt, R., and Hakuba, M. (2016), Trends in downward surface solar radiation from satellites and ground observations over Europe during 1983- 2010, Remote Sensing of Environment (in progress). There is nothing so stable as change Bob Dylan Acknowledgments Com en una marató, aquest ha estat un llarg camí per recórrer. Aquesta tesi posa punt i final a una de les etapes més maques de la meva vida. Tancar etapes sempre genera certa tristesa, però sé que després vindran nous reptes i això sempre es motivador. M’he pres la llibertat d’escriure aquesta secció en la meva llengua, per tal de poder expressar la més sincera gratitud a un nombre de persones (tot i que no dubto que algú em deixaré), sense les quals aquesta tesi mai hagués estat completada. En primer lloc, m’agradaria agrair als meus directors de tesi, en Josep Calbó i en Josep-Abel González (o com són més coneguts en el departament, els Joseps), per la seva dedicació i suport durant aquests anys. Així mateix, per haver-me transmès el rigor, esperit científic i honestedat intel·lectual necessaris per moure’m en un món, el de la investigació científica, cada vegada més competitiu. Arturo, la burocràcia, les normatives i els papers no entenen ni reflecteixen les relacions humanes, però està clar que la confiança, el suport i el coneixement que m’has aportat des del primer dia reflectirien, i de sobres, el teu paper com a codirector d’aquesta tesi. A més, ningú m’ha aportat tantes hores de lectura com els teus correus. Agrair també en César que ha aconseguit encomanar-me la seva passió per un instrument tan simple i rudimentari com és l’heliògraf Campbell-Stokes. A continuació, vull donar les gràcies a totes les companyes i companys del grup i de despatx en general: Aaron, Victor, Montse, Ios, Conxi, Alex, Bruna, Dani, etc. Sou genials! Gràcies per tot el que hem compartit, pels milers de cafès, per totes les hores de pensar, llegir, d’escriure….No voldria oblidar-me del Servei Personal Administratiu del Departament de Física, sobretot de l’Anna Espígol, en Xevi Baca, i en Xicu Gómez, que han fet que els problemes administratius i tècnics (que no han estat pocs) hagin estat pura anècdota. Agrair també a Joseph Michalsky i John Augustine, que van fer de la meva estada a Estats Units una gran experiència. Sobre el paper, investigadors de renom mundial amb molta experiència en el món de la recerca. En la realitat, això i més, persones properes, directes, honestes i que mai tenen un no per resposta. Moltes gràcies per la vostra ajuda. No m’oblido tampoc dels meus companys en la casa de la sra. Lorna Pollard (la nostra petita representació de la ONU), poques coses hi ha més gratificants que les xerrades multiculturals que vam compartir. He de recordar a tots aquells amics amb qui he compartit trajecte vital durant aquests anys, molt especialment, Robert, Tates, Carlos, Ali, Puxi, Tresa, David, Sònia, Javi, Estefania, Adri, Nàndez, Sarita, així com molts altres, espero que es donin per al·ludits. A tots aquells que alguna vegada em van dedicar 5 minuts del seu temps perquè els expliqués què dimonis estava investigant, sincerament, gràcies! Finalment i no per això menys important, no hi ha paraules de agraïment als meus pares, per la vostra estima incondicional, per la immensa llibertat que m’heu donat i per respectar sempre les meves decisions. També vull donar les gràcies a la meva germana, la Silvia, qui sempre m’ha animat a superar-me a mi mateix, tot i el meu passotisme i la distància que ens separa.
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