Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming LNBIP 419
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Peggy Gregory Casper Lassenius Xiaofeng Wang Philippe Kruchten (Eds.) Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming LNBIP 419 22nd International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2021 Virtual Event, June 14–18, 2021, Proceedings 123 Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing 419 Series Editors Wil van der Aalst RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany John Mylopoulos University of Trento, Trento, Italy Michael Rosemann Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Michael J. Shaw University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA Clemens Szyperski Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7911 Peggy Gregory · Casper Lassenius · Xiaofeng Wang · Philippe Kruchten (Eds.) Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming 22nd International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2021 Virtual Event, June 14–18, 2021 Proceedings Editors Peggy Gregory Casper Lassenius University of Central Lancashire Aalto University Preston, UK Espoo, Finland Xiaofeng Wang Philippe Kruchten Free University of Bozen-Bolzano University of British Columbia Bolzano, Italy Vancouver, BC, Canada ISSN 1865-1348 ISSN 1865-1356 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing ISBN 978-3-030-78097-5 ISBN 978-3-030-78098-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78098-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. 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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface This volume contains the research papers presented at XP 2021, the 22nd International Conference on Agile Software Development, held online during June 14–18, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. XP is the premier Agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a unique forum where Agile researchers, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. XP conferences provide an informal environment to learn and trigger discussions, and welcome both people new to Agile and seasoned Agile practitioners. XP 2021 marked the 22nd edition of the “First Conference in Agile.” Our theme was “Agile Turns Twenty While the World Goes Online” as this year we marked both the 20th anniversary of the publication of the Agile Manifesto and the global move to remote working as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. After the challenges of the past year and during these times of great change we continue to provide a space for academics and industry practitioners to come together and share what they have learnt over the last year. We elicited a wide range of contributions addressing all Agile approaches, theoretical viewpoints of Agile, applications of Agile in a wide range of areas including DevOps, FinTech, AI/ML, and IoT, and empirical studies exploring how Agile approaches are used and the impact they have in different settings. The XP 2021 conference invited submissions on eight tracks: research papers, research workshops, experience reports, industry and practice sessions, empirical studies (on-site research), Agile gamification and facilitation, posters, and lightning talks. We ran a slightly reduced conference because of the pandemic and received 215 submissions, demonstrating that the XP community remains strong even in difficult times. For the research paper track, we invited submissions of unpublished high-quality research papers related to Agile and lean software development. Submissions addressing topics across the full spectrum of Agile software development, on issues of concern to practitioners, researchers, or both, were welcomed. The XP 2021 research paper track received 38 submissions. Each paper was reviewed by three members of the Program Committee. Based on the reviews, 11 full papers and 2 short papers were accepted for publication in these proceedings. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including Agile practices, assessment of agility and delivery performance, and large-scale Agile. The success of the XP 2021 conference should be attributed to the passionate and hard work of many people. We greatly appreciate the contributions of the authors, the Program Committee, and the volunteers. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude vi Preface to the XP Conference Steering Committee and the Agile Alliance for their ongoing support. April 2021 Peggy Gregory Casper Lassenius Xiaofeng Wang Philippe Kruchten Organization Conference Chair Peggy Gregory University of Central Lancashire, UK Program Co-chairs Xiaofeng Wang Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Casper Lassenius Aalto University, Finland Publication Chair Philippe Kruchten University of British Columbia, Canada Program Committee Noura Abbas Colorado Technical University, USA Ademar Aguiar University of Porto, Portugal Craig Anslow Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Hubert Baumeister Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Marthe Berntzen University of Oslo, Norway Jan Bosch Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Frank Buschmann Siemens AG, Germany Fabio Calefato University of Bari, Italy Noel Carroll National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland Daniela S. Cruzes Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Torgeir Dingsøyr Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Yael Dubinsky StepAhead, Israel Jutta Eckstein IT communication, Germany Steven Fraser Innoxec, USA Ilenia Fronza Free University of Bozen -Bolzano, Italy Juan Garbajosa Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Alfredo Goldman University of São Paulo, Brazil Eduardo Guerra Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Orit Hazzan Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel Helena Holmström Olsson University of Malmö, Sweden Fabio Kon University of São Paulo, Brazil Philippe Kruchten University of British Columbia, Canada viii Organization Ville Leppänen University of Turku, Finland Lech Madeyski Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland Sabrina Marczak PUCRS, Brazil Frank Maurer University of Calgary, Canada Tommi Mikkonen University of Helsinki, Finland Alok Mishra Atilim University, Turkey Nils Brede Moe SINTEF, Norway Parastoo Mohagheghi Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration, Norway Jürgen Münch Reutlingen University, Germany Maria Paasivaara IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Aalto University, Finland Ken Power Independent Consultant, Ireland Rafael Prikladnicki PUCRS, Brazil Pilar Rodríguez Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Darja Smiteˇ Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden Simone V. Spiegler University of Stuttgart, Germany Viktoria Stray University of Oslo, Norway Stefan Wagner University of Stuttgart, Germany Hironori Washizaki Waseda University, Japan Eileen Wrubel Software Engineering Institute, USA Steering Committee Hubert Baumeister Technical University of Denmark, Denmark François Coallier Ecole de technologie supérieure, Canada Jutta Eckstein IT communication, Germany Steven Fraser Innoxec, USA Juan Garbajosa (Chair) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Peggy Gregory University of Central Lancashire, UK Ellen Grove Agile Alliance, USA Casper Lassenius Aalto University, Finland Michele Marchesi University of Cagliari, Italy Maria Paasivaara IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Aalto University, Finland Viktoria Stray University of Oslo, Norway Xiaofeng Wang Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Sponsoring Organization Agile Alliance, USA Contents Agile Practices From Collaboration to Solitude and Back: Remote Pair Programming DuringCOVID-19..................................................... 3 Darja Smite, Marius Mikalsen, Nils Brede Moe, Viktoria Stray, and Eriks Klotins UX Work in Software Start-Ups: Challenges from the Current State ofPractice...........................................................