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Economic Intelligence As National Security Issue
Economic Intelligence as National Security Issue A Brief Study Lorenzo Bonucci Introduction The fall of Berlin Wall marks the end of the Cold War system. That system, where the world was divided in two “blocks”. The USA and the USSR was the major powerful nations, and they fought for pursue, most of all, the military, technologic and economic supremacy. With the end of this contrast, it ends also the “scenario characterized by elegants simplicity” as emeritus president Francesco Cossiga said. Today everything changes, war, or better, conflicts, fights in more fronts: the financial-economic is acquiring great importance, because the actors, that attacks, are not just States; there are sovereign wealth funds, multinationals, NGOs, banks and corporations. The effects of attacks is amplified if combined with the manipulation of information, made possible by the globalization.1 In this new world order, where Intelligence has a fundamental role (as it used to have in the old order). Alongside the traditional Intelligence discipline, is developping another one: the Economic Intelligence. In the contemporary version, the economic Intelligence has attention on business intelligence or environmental scanning or competitive intelligence. Briefly, it is the theory of 1 Cfr. Giuseppe Griscioli, “Competizione Economico-finanziaria, ruolo dell’Intelligence e Sicurezza Nazionale”. Aracne Editrice, 2013. p. 10 1 strategic choices for achieve competitive advantages over competitors.2 In fact, a lot of States have created some institutions for strategical research in financial and economic field. First of all, France. In France has been founded a School of Economic Warfare (Ecole de Guerre Economique) with teachings that are based on strategical military logicals. -
Title Items-In-Visits of Heads of States and Foreign Ministers
UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page Date 15/06/2006 Time 4:59:15PM S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Expanded Number S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Title items-in-Visits of heads of states and foreign ministers Date Created 17/03/1977 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0907-0001: Correspondence with heads-of-state 1965-1981 Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit •3 felt^ri ly^f i ent of Public Information ^ & & <3 fciiW^ § ^ %•:£ « Pres™ s Sectio^ n United Nations, New York Note Ko. <3248/Rev.3 25 September 1981 KOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT AND MINISTERS TO ATTEND GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION The Secretariat has been officially informed so far that the Heads of State or Government of 12 countries, 10 Deputy Prime Ministers or Vice- Presidents, 124 Ministers for Foreign Affairs and five other Ministers will be present during the thirty-sixth regular session of the General Assembly. Changes, deletions and additions will be available in subsequent revisions of this release. Heads of State or Government George C, Price, Prime Minister of Belize Mary E. Charles, Prime Minister and Minister for Finance and External Affairs of Dominica Jose Napoleon Duarte, President of El Salvador Ptolemy A. Reid, Prime Minister of Guyana Daniel T. arap fcoi, President of Kenya Mcussa Traore, President of Mali Eeewcosagur Ramgoolare, Prime Minister of Haur itius Seyni Kountche, President of the Higer Aristides Royo, President of Panama Prem Tinsulancnda, Prime Minister of Thailand Walter Hadye Lini, Prime Minister and Kinister for Foreign Affairs of Vanuatu Luis Herrera Campins, President of Venezuela (more) For information media — not an official record Office of Public Information Press Section United Nations, New York Note Ho. -
Governo Berlusconi Iv Ministri E Sottosegretari Di
GOVERNO BERLUSCONI IV MINISTRI E SOTTOSEGRETARI DI STATO MINISTRI CON PORTAFOGLIO Franco Frattini, ministero degli Affari Esteri Roberto Maroni, ministero dell’Interno Angelino Alfano, ministero della Giustizia Giulio Tremonti, ministero dell’Economia e Finanze Claudio Scajola, ministero dello Sviluppo Economico Mariastella Gelmini, ministero dell’Istruzione Università e Ricerca Maurizio Sacconi, ministero del Lavoro, Salute e Politiche sociali Ignazio La Russa, ministero della Difesa; Luca Zaia, ministero delle Politiche Agricole, e Forestali Stefania Prestigiacomo, ministero dell’Ambiente, Tutela Territorio e Mare Altero Matteoli, ministero delle Infrastrutture e Trasporti Sandro Bondi, ministero dei Beni e Attività Culturali MINISTRI SENZA PORTAFOGLIO Raffaele Fitto, ministro per i Rapporti con le Regioni Gianfranco Rotondi, ministro per l’Attuazione del Programma Renato Brunetta, ministro per la Pubblica amministrazione e l'Innovazione Mara Carfagna, ministro per le Pari opportunità Andrea Ronchi, ministro per le Politiche Comunitarie Elio Vito, ministro per i Rapporti con il Parlamento Umberto Bossi, ministro per le Riforme per il Federalismo Giorgia Meloni, ministro per le Politiche per i Giovani Roberto Calderoli, ministro per la Semplificazione Normativa SOTTOSEGRETARI DI STATO Gianni Letta, sottosegretario di Stato alla Presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri, con le funzioni di segretario del Consiglio medesimo PRESIDENZA DEL CONSIGLIO DEI MINISTRI Maurizio Balocchi, Semplificazione normativa Paolo Bonaiuti, Editoria Michela Vittoria -
Are Gestures Worth a Thousand Words? an Analysis of Interviews in the Political Domain
Are Gestures Worth a Thousand Words? An Analysis of Interviews in the Political Domain Daniela Trotta Sara Tonelli Universita` degli Studi di Salerno Fondazione Bruno Kessler Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Via Sommarive 18 Fisciano, Italy Trento, Italy [email protected] [email protected] Abstract may provide important information or significance to the accompanying speech and add clarity to the Speaker gestures are semantically co- expressive with speech and serve different children’s narrative (Colletta et al., 2015); they can pragmatic functions to accompany oral modal- be employed to facilitate lexical retrieval and re- ity. Therefore, gestures are an inseparable tain a turn in conversations stam2008gesture and part of the language system: they may add assist in verbalizing semantic content (Hostetter clarity to discourse, can be employed to et al., 2007). From this point of view, gestures fa- facilitate lexical retrieval and retain a turn in cilitate speakers in coming up with the words they conversations, assist in verbalizing semantic intend to say by sustaining the activation of a tar- content and facilitate speakers in coming up with the words they intend to say. This aspect get word’s semantic feature, long enough for the is particularly relevant in political discourse, process of word production to take place (Morsella where speakers try to apply communication and Krauss, 2004). strategies that are both clear and persuasive Gestures can also convey semantic meanings. using verbal and non-verbal cues. For example,M uller¨ et al.(2013) discuss the prin- In this paper we investigate the co-speech ges- ciples of meaning creation and the simultaneous tures of several Italian politicians during face- and linear structures of gesture forms. -
Monti Ha Confuso Il Concime Col Diserbante
MONTI HA CONFUSO IL CONCIME COL DISERBANTE I risparmi dei cittadini non possono coprire le perdite speculative della finanza INTERVISTA ALL’EX MINISTRO GIULIO TREMONTI di Rubens Ligabue Biografia: Giulio Tremonti (Sondrio, 18 agosto 1947) è un politico e giurista italiano, più volte Ministro dell'Economia e delle Finanze della Repubblica Italiana. È stato visiting professor a Oxford. È stato vicepresidente di Forza Italia dal 2004 fino allo scioglimento del partito, confluito nel 2009 nel Popolo della Libertà. È sposato con Fausta Beltrametti. Giulio Tremonti è nato da una famiglia, da parte paterna, originaria di Lorenzago di Cadore in provincia di Belluno e, da parte materna, originaria di Benevento. Dopo aver frequentato il Liceo Classico "Piazzi" di Sondrio, si è laureato in giurisprudenza all'Università di Pavia, alunno del Collegio Fraccaro. Il suo maestro fu Gian Antonio Micheli che era succeduto a Calamandrei nella cattedra di Diritto processuale civile a Firenze. Tremonti, di famiglia liberale, si avvicina alle idee socialiste dopo l'università, durante il servizio militare prestato come soldato semplice. Nella prima metà degli anni settanta, appena ventisettenne, diventa docente di Diritto tributario nell'università in cui era stato allievo. Alla fine degli anni settanta comincia a fare attività professionale in una società di consulenza e revisione internazionale. Soltanto a partire dagli anni ottanta si avvicina alla politica. Comincia a collaborare per il Corriere della Sera chiamato da Piero Ostellino (collaborerà dal 1984 al 1994) e a scrivere alcuni libri politici per Laterza, Mondadori, Il Mulino. Candidato nelle liste del PSI alle politiche del 1987 in quanto vicino a Gianni De Michelis, tra il 1979 e il 1990 fu uno stretto collaboratore e consigliere degli ex ministri delle Finanze Franco Reviglio e Rino Formica. -
Conversations with Francesco Cossiga
Bulletin of Italian Politics Vol. 2, No. 2, 2010, 141-162 Conversations with Francesco Cossiga Alison Jamieson The article is an extract from five exclusive interviews, recorded over several months in 2009, with former Italian president, Francesco Cossiga, who died on 17 August 2010. Born in 1928 in Sardinia, Cossiga was a life Senator in the Italian parliament, to which he was first elected for the Christian Democratic Party in 1958. His second cousin, Enrico Berlinguer, was secretary of the Italian Communist party from 1972 until his death in 1984. Cossiga held the offices of interior minister, prime minister, speaker of the Senate and president of the republic. He resigned as interior minister on 9 May 1978 after the murder of Aldo Moro, but returned as prime minister from August 1979 till October 1980. Considered a specialist in the areas of intelligence and security, Cossiga was proud of his association with the secret Stay Behind network known as Gladio, and took credit for setting up Italy’s anti-terrorist rapid response units. Church and State The first of five recorded conversations with President Cossiga occurred on the thirty-fifth anniversary of the divorce referendum. I began by asking him about the political significance of the vote, which had returned a large majority in favour of retaining divorce. The victories of the Christian Democratic party in 1947 and 1948 were erroneously seen as those of the Catholic Church and of Catholicism. The victories were due to a more complex series of factors: many non-believers voted DC, most Italian Jews voted DC while the others voted for the Republican Party. -
Classical Liberalism in Italian Economic Thought, from the Time of Unification · Econ Journal Watch : Italy,Classical Liberalis
Discuss this article at Journaltalk: http://journaltalk.net/articles/5933 ECON JOURNAL WATCH 14(1) January 2017: 22–54 Classical Liberalism in Italian Economic Thought, from the Time of Unification Alberto Mingardi1 LINK TO ABSTRACT This paper offers an account of Italians who have advanced liberal ideas and sensibilities, with an emphasis on individual freedom in the marketplace, since the time of Italy’s unification. We should be mindful that Italy has always had a vein of liberal thought. But this gold mine of liberalism was seldom accessed by political actors, and since 1860 liberalism has been but one thin trace in Italy’s mostly illiberal political thought and culture. The leading representatives of Italian liberalism since 1860 are little known internationally, with the exception of Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923). And yet their work influenced the late James M. Buchanan and the development of public choice economics.2 Scholars such as Bruno Leoni (1913–1967) joined—and influenced— liberals around the world, and they continue to have an impact on Italy today. Besides their scholarship, all the liberal authors mentioned here share a constant willingness to enter the public debate.3 Viewed retrospectively they appear a pugnacious lot, even if not highly successful in influencing public policy. The standout is Luigi Einaudi (1874–1961), at once a scholar and journalist who also became a leading political figure in the period after World War II. 1. Istituto Bruno Leoni, 10123 Turin, Italy. I am grateful to Jane Shaw Stroup for valuable editorial feed- back. I also wish to thank Enrico Colombatto and three anonymous referees for their helpful comments. -
A History of Religious Freedom in Italy Francesco Cossiga President of the Republic of Italy
Loyola University Chicago Law Journal Volume 23 Article 2 Issue 4 Summer 1992 1992 A History of Religious Freedom in Italy Francesco Cossiga President of the Republic of Italy Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj Part of the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Francesco Cossiga, A History of Religious Freedom in Italy, 23 Loy. U. Chi. L. J. 619 (1992). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj/vol23/iss4/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago Law Journal by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A History of Religious Freedom in Italy* President Francesco Cossiga of the Republic of Italy** I am honored and grateful for the Honorary Degree in Humane Letters which has been conferred upon me by this distinguished Loyola University. It honors me both as an Italian and as a Catholic: as an Italian, in that it is an acknowledgement of the contribution that my coun- try has made, and continues to make, to culture and the progress of mankind, especially in the fields of law and justice; as a Catholic who is deeply conscious of the important place your University occupies in American life, bearing testimony to the Catholic Church's interest in and love for culture and the general advance- ment of authentic human values. Precisely in order to manifest my awareness of the importance that I, as a legal scholar and a member of the Catholic Church, * The following is an address given during Commencement, January 11, 1992, at Loyola University Chicago. -
In Ottemperanza Al Regolamento Dell'autorità Per Le
DOCUMENTO INFORMATIVO COMPLETO (in ottemperanza al regolamento dell’Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni in materia di pubblicazione e diffusione dei sondaggi sui mezzi di comunicazione di massa: delibera 153/02/CSP, allegato A, art. 3, pubblicato su G.U. 185 del 8/8/2002) TTTITOLO LE 101 NOTIZIE DELL ’ANNO 2010:, DIFFUSO TRAMITE COMUNICATI STAMPA DELLA REDAZIONE TELEVISIVA DI SKY TG 24 SSSOGGETTO REALIZZATORE Digis S.r.l. CCCOMMITTENTE ––– ACQUIRENTE Sky Italia TTTIPO E OOGGETTOGGETTO DEL SONDAGGIO Indagine di opinione su Notizia, Evento e Faccia a Faccia televisivo dell’anno 2010 METODO DI RACCOLTA DDELLEELLE INFORMAZIONI interviste telefoniche assistite da sistema C.A.T.I. (Computer Aided Telephone Interview) UUUNIVERSO DI RIFERIMENRIFERIMENTOTOTOTO Popolazione italiana maggiorenne CRITERI SEGUITI PER LA FORMAZIONE DEL CACAMPIONEMPIONE Campione rappresentativo dell'universo di riferimento per genere, età, area geografica, ampiezza del Comune di residenza ESTENSIONE TETERRITORIALERRITORIALE nazionale CONSISTENZA NUMERICA DEL CAMPIONE 1.000 CASI Totale contatti effettuati: 4.783 Interviste effettuate: 1.000 (17% su totale contatti) Rifiuti e/o sostituzioni: 3.783 (83% su totale contatti) RISPONDENTI informazione allegata alle domande del sondaggio (cfr. % non rispondenti) ELABORAZIONE DATI SPSS MARGINE DI ERRORE +/- 3,1% (livello di confidenza 95%) PERIODO /// DATE DI RILEVAZIONE 16 dicembre/17 dicembre 2010 Comuni in cui è stata realizzata almeno un’intervista Palagonia Cocquio-trevisago Latera Bronte Arconate Penna san giovanni -
8Egrel 7Ft- I All'll 10 Seyret
6E6RE1~ 2676 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION SUBJECT: Meeting with President Francesco Cossiga of Italy (~ PARTICIPANTS: The President James A. Baker III, Secretary of State Samuel K. Skinner, Chief of State Brent Scowcroft, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs -Thomas Niles, Assistant Secretary of State, European and Canadian Affairs Peter Secchia, Ambassador to Italy Tony Wayne, Director for Western Europe Affairs, NSC Staff, Notetaker Interpreter Francesco Cossiga, President Sergio Berlinguer, Secretary General to the President of the Republic Bruno Bottai, Secretary General Ministry of ----------------------------------"~r~i~n-A£-f~ir~s~-------------------------------------- Boris Biancheri, Ambassador of Italy in Washington Interpreter DATE, TIME April 7 4:00 p.m. AND PLACE: Oval Office President Cossiga: I'm delighted to see you and in such splendid form. Of course, you know I see you almost daily on CNN. (U) The President: Let me comment on that. You know about 70% of the media coverage we'v~ been getting in recent months has been negative. But I think" that is changing. A lot of the criticism relates to the economy and to the fact that five democrats and one right wing republican have been knocking my head off daily. (1) President Cossiga: I think they are scared of you. ~ The President: Maybe, but it's changing. The economy is showing signs of life, and as it improves so does the mood of the American people. There was a new rating issued the other day on the confidence of the American public which showed a marked improvement . ~ DECLASSIFIED PER E.O. -
Tg1: Tempo Di Antenna Dei Primi 5 Esponenti Politico Istituzionali (Luglio-Settembre 2009) Totale Tempo Di Antenna: 30.21.04
Tg1: Tempo di antenna dei primi 5 esponenti politico istituzionali (luglio-settembre 2009) totale tempo di antenna: 30.21.04 SILVIO BERLUSCONI ; 7.10.25 GIORGIO NAPOLITANO ; 2.55.27 GIANFRANCO FINI ; 1.36.44 DARIO FRANCESCHINI ; 1.23.41 GIULIO TREMONTI ; 1.15.51 0.00.00 1.12.00 2.24.00 3.36.00 4.48.00 6.00.00 7.12.00 Tg1 - Tempo di notizia e tempo di parola dei primi 5 esponenti politico istituzionali (luglio-settembre 2009) BERLUSCONI 1.59.44 5.10.41 NAPOLITANO 2.12.17 0.43.10 FINI 1.15.47 0.20.57 FRANCESCHINI 0.53.51 0.29.50 TREMONTI 0.50.36 0.25.15 0.00.00 1.12.00 2.24.00 3.36.00 4.48.00 6.00.00 7.12.00 8.24.00 Tempo di notizia Tempo di parola Tg2: Tempo di antenna dei primi 5 esponenti politico istituzionali (luglio-settembre 2009) totale tempo di antenna: 19.15.40 SILVIO BERLUSCONI ; 4.08.05 GIORGIO NAPOLITANO ; 1.39.44 GIANFRANCO FINI ; 1.05.10 GIULIO TREMONTI ; 0.53.27 IGNAZIO LA RUSSA ; 0.48.56 0.00.00 0.28.48 0.57.36 1.26.24 1.55.12 2.24.00 2.52.48 3.21.36 3.50.24 4.19.12 Tg2 - Tempo di notizia e tempo di parola dei primi 5 esponenti politico istituzionali (luglio-settembre 2009) BERLUSCONI 2.53.50 1.14.15 NAPOLITANO 1.15.32 0.24.12 FINI 0.48.16 0.16.54 TREMONTI 0.33.21 0.20.06 LA RUSSA 0.22.27 0.26.29 0.00.00 0.28.48 0.57.36 1.26.24 1.55.12 2.24.00 2.52.48 3.21.36 3.50.24 4.19.12 4.48.00 Tempo di notizia Tempo di parola Tg3: Tempo di antenna dei primi 5 esponenti politico istituzionali (luglio-settembre 2009) totale tempo di antenna: 16.13.31 SILVIO BERLUSCONI ; 3.05.20 GIORGIO NAPOLITANO ; 1.37.58 DARIO FRANCESCHINI ; 1.01.12 -
The Italian Intelligence Establishment: a Time for Reform, 21 Penn St
Penn State International Law Review Volume 21 Article 4 Number 2 Penn State International Law Review 1-1-2003 The tI alian Intelligence Establishment: A Time for Reform Vittorfranco S. Pisano Follow this and additional works at: https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Vittorfranco S. Pisano, The Italian Intelligence Establishment: A Time for Reform, 21 Penn St. Int'l L. Rev. 263 (2003). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Penn State International Law Review by an authorized editor of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I Articles I The Italian Intelligence Establishment: A Time for Reform? Vittorfranco S. Pisano* I. Introduction In the area of comparative studies, the Italian intelligence establishment should be a matter of interest for jurists, political scientists, and intelligence professionals of various nationalities. Regrettably, this topic has to date drawn primarily the attention of the media, both in Italy and abroad, with a focus on alleged institutional abuses and conspiracy theories.' * Vittorfranco S. Pisano currently teaches intelligence and security courses at the University of Malta's Link Campus in Rome, Italy. A specialist in international security affairs and author of numerous books and articles, Dr. Pisano has been a consultant of the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism and a reviewer of courses offered by the U.S. Department of State Anti-Terrorism Assistance Program. A former Senior Legal Specialist with the European Law Division of Library of Congress, he holds a Master of Comparative Law from Georgetown University and a Doctoral Degree in Juridical Science from the University of Rome, with a dissertation in comparative legal systems, and is a graduate of the U.S.