Università Degli Studi Di Urbino “Carlo Bo”

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Università Degli Studi Di Urbino “Carlo Bo” UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI URBINO “CARLO BO” Facoltà di Sociologia CORSO DI LAUREA IN SCIENZE DELLA COMUNICAZIONE _____________________________ REPORTER DIFFUSO. Dal journalist-citizen al citizen-journalist. Come cambia il mondo del giornalismo negli anni delle evoluzioni tecnologiche-digitali. Relatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Tesi di laurea di: Giovanni Boccia Artieri Alberto Berlini ANNO ACCADEMICO 2005-2006 - 2 - INDICE PREMESSA........................................................................................................................................ 5 CAPITOLO I: I VETTORI DEL SISTEMA................................................................................... 9 PREMESSA SUI MEDIA ........................................................................................................................ 9 IL MEDIUM INTERNET ...................................................................................................................... 13 THE AGE OF PLENTY ....................................................................................................................... 17 LA GRAMMATICA DEL WEB 2.0......................................................................................................... 21 Open API .................................................................................................................................. 21 XML .......................................................................................................................................... 22 Web Semantico ......................................................................................................................... 23 Feed Rss.................................................................................................................................... 23 AJAX......................................................................................................................................... 25 Folksonomy............................................................................................................................... 26 LE APPLICAZIONI DEL WEB 2.0 ........................................................................................................ 27 Social Network.......................................................................................................................... 27 Wiki........................................................................................................................................... 27 Podcasting ................................................................................................................................ 28 Blog........................................................................................................................................... 30 CAPITOLO II: DEMOCRAZIA 2.0 - Abbattere la Soglia tra Piazza e Palazzo ......................... 31 MEDIA E DEMOCRAZIA ..................................................................................................................... 31 C’è media e media .................................................................................................................... 31 Media e potere.......................................................................................................................... 32 Il libero mercato delle idee....................................................................................................... 34 VERSO UNA CULTURA DELLA VIRTUALITÀ REALE ............................................................................... 36 Dalla comunità al network, Verso la società digitale............................................................... 37 La rete come sistema ................................................................................................................ 38 LO SPIRITO DELLA COMUNICRAZIA ................................................................................................... 40 IL POTERE DEI FLUSSI ...................................................................................................................... 41 CAPITOLO III: LA BLOGOSFERA ............................................................................................ 44 THE BIG CONVERSATION ................................................................................................................. 44 MEDIASFERA E BLOGOSFERA ........................................................................................................... 45 Google generation .................................................................................................................... 50 LE REGOLE DEL GIOCO .................................................................................................................. 52 Non zero.................................................................................................................................... 52 L’economia del dono ................................................................................................................ 52 I link.......................................................................................................................................... 54 - 3 - BLOGGO ERGO SUM ........................................................................................................................ 56 Il Blogger.................................................................................................................................. 57 Comunità cognitiva................................................................................................................... 58 LA FORZA DEL BLOGGING ............................................................................................................... 59 STATO DELLA BLOGOSFERA ............................................................................................................. 61 CAPITOLO IV: GIORNALISMO 2.0 ........................................................................................... 72 TALKING POINT ............................................................................................................................... 72 L’ UNIVERSO MEDIALE EMERGENTE .................................................................................................. 73 IL GIORNALISMO PARTECIPATIVO ..................................................................................................... 79 L’ INFORMAZIONE ON -LINE TRADIZIONALE ........................................................................................ 85 SCRIVERE PER IL WEB ...................................................................................................................... 90 QUOTIDIANI & BLOG : VERSO LA TRASFORMAZIONE DEL GIORNALISMO .............................................. 94 CAPITOLO V: VERSO UNA DEONTOLOGIA 2.0.................................................................. 100 BEEING A JOURNALIST ................................................................................................................... 100 Il ruolo del giornalista .............................................................................................................. 103 Il problema delle fonti............................................................................................................... 104 REGISTRARE UNA TESTATA ON -LINE ................................................................................................ 105 TRA VECCHI E NUOVI REATI ............................................................................................................ 107 LA TUTELA DELLA PRIVACY ............................................................................................................ 110 TRA DOMINIO PUBBLICO E DIRITTI D ’A UTORE ............................................................................... 111 NOTE A MARGINE...................................................................................................................... 119 BIBLIOGRAFIA............................................................................................................................ 123 SITOGRAFIA ................................................................................................................................ 123 RINGRAZIAMENTI..................................................................................................................... 124 - 4 - Premessa L’intelligenza può essere definita come la capacità di trovare le risposte giuste alle domande, e che le risposte giuste non sono tanto quelle vere, ma quelle che funzionano 1. Il secolo scorso si è espresso, fin ai primi anni ’50, attraverso la radio e il cinema, mentre nella seconda metà ha utilizzato soprattutto il linguaggio televisivo. Questi media hanno permeato il Novecento con una comunicazione imperfetta e potenzialmente totalitarista, poiché unidirezionale: una forma emotiva, subliminale, utile per impartire comportamenti e opinioni. Le masse del “secolo breve”, secondo Ortega y Gasset 2, amavano essere guidate. L’agorà era stata affidata ad una voce dominante che usava a proprio vantaggio l’amplificazione offerta dalle innovazioni tecnologiche. Il tempo della riflessione divenne un bene caro, relegato alle stanze degli intellettuali. Infatti, benché la lettura di un testo garantisca al lettore un tempo di fruizione personale, qualitativamente non paragonabile a quello consentito dalla visione di un programma televisivo o di uno spettacolo cinematografico, sono stati proprio questi ultimi mass media
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