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Geoecological Situation in the Volga-Akhtuba

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Geoecological Situation in the Volga-Akhtuba J. Wetlands Biodiversity (2015) 5: 115-126 CONSTRUCTIVE GEOGRAPHICAL MODEL OF THE LAKE-BASIN SPECIALIZED RECREATIONAL SYSTEM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE LAKE OSTRIVSKE, UKRAINIAN POLESIA) Vitaliy Martynyuk Received: 20.11.2014 / Accepted: 10.07.2015 Abstract: The question of the development of the lake basin system (LBS) model with the recreational oriented use is further discussed (take the example of the Ostrivske Lake, Ukrainian Polesia). The proposed LBS model is constructive geography by the content. It is presented by the lake depression bathymetric map, landscape-geographical maps of the water body, as a natural aquatic system, and different ranks of the natural territorial complexes of watershed. The tables illustrate the main limnological and landscape metric parameters of the basin system. The main directions of the recreational use of the Ostrivske LBS are grounded in the context of the sustainable natural resource management of the local areas. Keywords: lake, lake-basin system (LBS), model, natural aquatic complex (NAC), natural territorial complex (NTC), recreational natural resource management Introduction:1 kind of natural aquatic complex (NAC). The formation and development of the lakes are Ukrainian Polesia is one of the richest for the influenced by the geological, country’s regions of water bodies. According geomorphologic, meteorological, to the researchers, there are 3,429 slow flow hydrological, biotic and anthropogenic water bodies (SFWB) with a total area of factors. Therefore, we consider the lake 56,394.29 hectares, which is 0.51% of the landscape genesis in paragenetic and whole water resources of Polesie region paradynamic unity with its watershed and (Ilyin 2011). The presence of significant geo-ecological processes within it, and its resource potential of the SFWB actualizes natural holistic (natural household) the problem of its rational use and formation that we call lake-basin system protection. (LBS). A special place among SFWB of An important direction of the use of Ukrainian Polesia occupies the lakes, as a Ukrainian Polesia lakes can become its application as recreational management. Throughout the region, with the extreme Vitaliy Martynyuk: regional clusters of lakes and wetlands, a Department of Ecology and Sustainable number of environmental and recreational Environmental Management areas have been created. Some of them have Rivne State Humanitarian University an international status. Here we should Art. S. 12 Street, Rivne 33028 mention the Shatsky National Nature Park, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected] which is a part of transboundary Biosphere Istros – Museum of Braila 116 J. Wetlands Biodiversity (2015) 5: 115-126 Reserve West Polesie, as well other national physiographic studies (Beruchashvili and parks as Pripyat-Stokhid, Mezynskyy, Zhuchkova 1997), cartographic modeling Desna-Starogutskiy, Ichnyansky and a (Tikunov 1997), Limnology (Yakushko number of regional landscape parks. Many 1981) and Geoinformatics (Svitlychny and national and regional landscape parks, lakes Plotnytskyiy 2006), as well as personal and LBS mainly are a kind of recreational exploring experience of many LBS of nodes (or cores) that attract great amount of Ukrainian Polesie (Martynyuk 1998, 1999, tourists. Therefore it is relevant to develop 2011a). There were involved partial constructive-geographical models of LBS materials of Kyiv and Rivne geology- specialized recreational orientation exploring expeditions (KGEE and RGEE), (Martynyuk 2012). These types of related to the composition and geochemical geographic models are also needed for characteristics of the lake sediments and pre hydrological, land reclamation, tourist, quaternary geological structure. environmental, cultural and educational A notable place among SFWB of institutions and organizations. Ukrainian Polesie is held by a group of lakes of the Ostrivske Hydrological Reserve, which is located in the western part of Materials and methods: Ukraine (Martynyuk 2011b). It is four lakes that have compactly formed here, namely The study is based on field expedition Ostrivske, Velyke, Serednie and Horomne. landscape limnological search, which have The latter three lakes are part of the been conducted by the author within the hydrological reserve, whilst Ostrivske Lake Ukrainian Polesie for about 20 years. We is used for recreational purposes. The lake- have been conducting bathymetric basin system of the Ostrivske Lake is located instrumental measurements. We have been on the main trail of the tourist route created studying the hydrological regime and by us, Blue Western Polesie Pearls, with a thermal features of the lakes, the lithological total length of over 100 kilometers compound and bottom sediment layers of (Martynyuk 2011c). Therefore, we consider water bodies and their geochemical Ostrivske LBS as an important recreational differences. During the summer period we hub in the metioned tourist route. have explored the biotic condition of the The purpose of the article is to reveal lakes, in particular the species’ composition the nature and characteristics of the of macrophytes and single floating algae structural and geographical model of the underwater plants. A separate block of the specialized recreational lake type (for searches consisted of landscape studies example Ostrivske LBS, Ukrainian Polesie) conducted within the watershed lakes. We for the purposes of sustainable nature have laid the ground cuts and the management of the local areas. microcatenary landscape in the lake basins. Ostrivske LBS is located in the We have selected the profile of the soil interfluve of Veselyha and Nozyk located in samples, identified the species composition Nyzhnostyrsk Volyn Polesie landscape (Fig. of plant communities etc. We have 1). Ostrivske LBS is geographically confined diagnosed and analyzed the field data to the swampy river-plain areas featuring obtained during the expedition searches in ancient fluvioglacial and alluvial deposits. the certified laboratories (Rivne Branch of From the tectonic angle, the study area is State Institution Soil protection institute of interesting because this is the southern Ukraine, Rivne Regional Hydrometeorology boundary of Stohidsko-Mogilev tectonic Center). mantle lying zone (Zalessky 1999). The direct methods of our research were Ukrainian Polesie landscapes, namely scientific works of constructive geography Ostrivske LBS, underwent greening in the and landscape (Petlin 2006, 2010), complex Pleistocene, including the most powerful Istros – Museum of Braila J. Wetlands Biodiversity (2015) 5:115-126 117 Dnieper glaciation. During the low-lying which delayed a lot of sandy material. Under glaciation, the territories were characterised the influence of glacial thawed water in the by supraglacial accumulation zone of melted lower sections of the bog-lake, there formed ice water in the large lake basins and streams the natural-territorial complexes (NTC). Figure no. 1 Outlines the place of the Ostrivske Lake basin on the map in Central and Eastern Europe (left) and the physical and geographical regionalization of Volyn Polesie (right) (after Marynych et al. 2003), with the specification of Verhnopryp'yatskyy Eastern District limits (after Martynyuk 2010) Note: Landscape areas: 1. Verhnopryp'yatskyy; 2. Nyzhnostyrskyy; 3. Lyuboml-Kovel; 4. Manevitskiy-Volodymyrets; 5. Kolkivsko-Sarny; 6. Turiysk-Rozhyshchenskyj; 7. Kivertsivskiy- Tsumanska; 8. Kostopil-Bereznovsky. Results and discussion: Lake was constructed (Fig. 3, Annexes). On the bathymetric map isobaths are drawn Ostrivske Lake displays an irregular oval within each meter, color shades show shape and is elongated from the north-east to changes of the depths. Additionally, we have the south-west of the island in the southern decoded thickets of higher aquatic vegetation part (Fig. 2). in the littoral zone of the lake. The slopes of the lake basin are quite The lake’s water surface square, steep, whereas the bottom is sandy. There is according to our estimates, is 1.08 km2 (or a clearly slightly indented coastline. The 108,227 ha). The lake is drainless. The water coastal strip is covered mostly with meadow is 1.9 km length, its maximum width is 0.8 grasses, pine, alder, and occasionally birch. km (Tab. 1) of the water body, whereas the In the winter of 2013-2014 we conducted the coastline is 4.75 km. The maximum water bathymetric profiling of laying the nine depth reaches 10.5 m, and the average, 6.2 hydroislands with ice water surface. Wells m. The capacity of the lake’s water masses is were made in ice at every five meters, with 6844.8 m3. Instrumental field studies, the help of the hammer drill. combined with measurements on the map, According to the results of the allowed us to create a complete parametric hydrographic profiling of the lake, using block of Ostrivske Lake. A more detailed high-resolution satellite imagery and approach of the limnometric characteristics software MapInfo 7.5, firstly by us, the is displayed in Table 1. bathymetric design of the map of Ostrivske Istros – Museum of Braila 118 J. Wetlands Biodiversity (2015) 5: 115-126 Figure no. 2 Localization of Ostrivske Lake a. b. Note: a. view from the space (limits are shown by yellow tint settlement - source: Google Map); b. panorama with island image. Table no. 1 Morphometric and hydrological parameters of the lake basin Ostrivske F*, Н , h , h , L, W , W , l, abs. mid. max. max. mid. C C km2 m m m km km km km c. len. 1.08 145.4 6.2 10.5 1.9 0.8 0.59 4.75 0.73 3.22 V , ΔS, W ** A , C
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