DOCSLIB.ORG

In Vitro Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Methanol Extracts of Three Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Vitro Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Methanol Extracts of Three Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants ISSN: 2277- 7695 CODEN Code: PIHNBQ ZDB-Number: 2663038-2 IC Journal No: 7725 Vol. 1 No. 12 2013 Online Available at www.thepharmajournal.com THE PHARMA INNOVATION - JOURNAL In Vitro Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity Of Methanol Extracts Of Three Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants Rozina Parul1*, Sukalayan Kumar Kundu 2 and Pijush Saha2 1. Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka – 1344, Bangladesh. E-mail: [email protected] 2. Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka – 1342, Bangladesh. The methanol extracts of three medicinal plants named Phyllunthus freternus, Triumfetta rhomboidae and Casuarina littorea were examined for their possible regulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO) levels using sodium nitroprusside as a NO donor in vitro. Most of the extracts tested demonstrated direct scavenging of NO and exihibited significant activity and the potency of scavenging activity was in the following order: Phyllunthus freternus > Leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidae > Casuarina littorea > barks of Triumfetta rhomboidae > roots of Triumfetta rhomboidae. All the evaluated extracts exhibited a dose dependent NO scavenging activity. The methanolic extracts of Phyllunthus freternus showed the greatest NO scavenging effect of 60.80% at 200 µg/ml with IC50 values 48.27 µg/ml as compared to the positive control ascorbic acid where 96.27% scavenging was observed at similar concentration with IC50 value of 5.47 µg/ml. The maximum NO scavenging of Leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidae, barks of Triumfetta rhomboidae, roots of Triumfetta rhomboidae and Casuarina littorea were 53.94%, 50.43%, 33.23% and 54.02% with IC50 values 97.81 µg/ml, 196.89 µg/ml, > 200 µg/ml and 168.17 µg/ml respectively. The present results suggest that these plants might be potent and novel therapeutic agents for scavenging of NO and the regulation of pathological conditions caused by excessive generation of NO and its oxidation product. Keyword: Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity, Antioxidant Activity, Active Nitrogen Species, Sodium Nitroprusside. 1. INTRODUCTION: Nitric oxide (NO) is an neuronal cell death and cell damage occur as the important chemical mediator generated by toxicity of overproduction of NO. (Dawson et endothelial cells, macrophages, neurons and al.,1992). Bioorganic macromolecules (DNA or involved in the regulation of various proteins) not effected directly with the presence physiological processes. Nitric Oxide (NO) is of NO. As in aerobic conditions NO is very used in various types of disorders like AIDS, unstable and producing intermediates ( NO2, cancer, alzheimer’s and arthritis by cytotoxic N2O4, N3O4 ) reacts with oxygen. In this reaction effects.( Sainani et al.,1997). DNA fragmentation, the stable products nitrite and nitrate will also Vol. 1 No. 12 2013 www.thepharmajournal.com Page | 83 The Pharma Innovation - Journal produce (Marcocci et aI.,1994a,b) and possible antitumor effect and antioxidant role of peroxynitrite will produce by reacting with methanol extract of Triumfetta rhomboidea superoxide (Wink et aI., 1991). These (METR) leaves against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma progenitors products are genotoxic, the (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice deamination of guanine, cytosine and adenine (Sivakumar,1Sunil Mengani et al.). Casuarina is mediated primarily by the N2O3. In addition Littorea is an evergreen tree to 46 m tall, usually to that the formation of nitrosoamines and with single trunk and open, irregular crown. Bark deamination of the DNA bases, recent studies reddish brown to gray, rough, brittle, peeling. indicate that the NO may also act by affecting Leaves are used in colic. Bark is astringent and the enzymatic activities of several thiol rich useful in diarrhea and dysentery. A lotion of it is DNA repair proteins like DNA alkyl reported to be efficacious in beriberi. Powdered transferase, formamopyrimidine-DNA seeds are applied as plasters in headaches (NRCS glycosalase and the DNA ligase that play vital 2009). Fresh roots of Phyllunthus freternus role to meet the genetic integrity (Wink et aI., (family Euphorbiaceae ) are beneficial in 1991). At present it is increasing evidence to jaundice. Leaves and roots with rice water used suggest that NO and its derivatives produced as poultice on swellings, ulcers etc. Latex is also by the activated phagocytes may have a used to sores and ulcers. The plant is said to be genotoxic effect and may contribute in the useful in diabetes (Ghani, 2003). The fruit of multistage carcinogenesis process (Wink et aI., Triumfetta rhomboidea (family Tillaceae) is 1991). By antioxidant defense systems the believed to promote parturition. Leaves and production of these reactive species in healthy flowers are used against leprosy. Root is diuretic; organism is approximately balanced. used in dysentery; hot infusion is taken to Antioxidant agents of natural origin have facilitate childbirth. (Ghani, 2003).The Plant attracted special interest because they can Casuarina Littorea (Family Casuarinaceae) is protect human body from free radicals (Osawa used as a lotion of it is reported to be efficacious et al., 1990; Houghton et aI., 1995). Phyllunthus in beriberi. Powdered seeds are applied as freternus is a herb that grows up to 60 cm. Entire plasters in headaches (Ghani, 2003). plant is used for the treatment of jaundice and Literature review reveals that scanty or no NO leucorrhoea; considered astringent, deobstruent, scavenging activity studies have been reported stomachic, diuretic, febrifugal and antiseptic; on those medicinal plants. Here we presented used in dyspepsia, colic, diarrhea and dysentery; the evaluation of in vitro nitric oxide also employed in dropsy, gonorrhoea diseases of scavenging activity of methanol extracts of urinogenital system (Mohammed yusuf et Phyllunthus freternus, Leaves of Triumfetta al.).The plant is effectively used in deadly rhomboidae, Casuarina littorea, barks of diabetes disease. The phytochemical studies Triumfetta rhomboidae, roots of Triumfetta conducted for standardization of the extract rhomboidae carried out at Department of showed the presence of tannins and flavonoids as Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University major phytoconstituents ( Munish Garg1 et al.). Bangladesh. Total phenolic contents and two major flavonoids rutin and quercetin have been isolated from 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS alcoholic extract. Triumfetta rhomboidae Small, a. Chemicals branched shrub to 3 ft tall. Fruits flowers and All the chemicals used in the experiment were leaves are used in medicine as demulcent and analytical grade. Ascorbic acid was obtained astringent. Bark and fresh leaves are used in from (Merck, Germany) chem. Naphthyl diarrhea and decentery. Flowers rubbed with ethylene diamine dihydrochloride was obtained sugar and water are given in gonorrhea to stop from Sigma Chemical Co, India. Sodium nitro burning caused by urine ( NRCS. 2009.). The prusside was obtained from Loba chemie, plant was investigating experimentally the India. Vol. 1 No. 12 2013 www.thepharmajournal.com Page | 84 The Pharma Innovation - Journal Collection and Identification of Plant material isolated compounds are used for various Whole plant Phyllunthus freternus, Leaves, Barks pharmacological effects. In the present study and Roots of Triumfetta rhomboidae and Barks of methanolic extracts of Phyllanthus freternus, Casuarina littorea were collected from Triumfetta rhomboidae and Casuarina littorea Jahangirnagar University Dhaka, Bangladesh screened for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, in May, 2008, and identified by the experts of gums, saponins, tannins, steroids which have National Herbarium, Bangladesh). Voucher definite medicinal importance. Alkaloids are very specimens for these collections have been common in many medicinal plants that have retained in the National Herbarium, significant physiologic and pharmacological Bangladesh. and accession no. for the properties. Steroids contain widely distributed identified plants Phyllunthus freternus, natural compounds that are used for abnormality Triumfetta rhomboidae and Casuarina littorea of reproductive tract in human. Tannins have are 32763, 32571 and 34997 respectively. astringent and antimicrobial properties. Saponin containing plants materials are used in many parts b. Extraction of the world as detergents (Trease et aI., 1983). The collected and identified plant parts were Antimicrobial properties saponin containing cleaned by separating the unwanted plants or plants materials are used in many parts of the plants parts. The plant parts were shade dried in world as detergents. The therapeutic and other open air for three weeks. The prepared plant parts pharmacological properties of medicinal plants is were ground in a course powder with the help of directly depends upon the presence of various a suitable grinder. The powder has to store in an chemical constituents. So investigation of airtight container under cool and dry place until chemical constituents of the plant should have further analysis required. About 200 gm of some direct relationship with local medicinal powdered materials for each plant parts were uses. The results of various qualitative chemical taken for extraction using Soxhlet Apparatus and tests for the detection of chemical constituents of Maceration method. Methanol was used as whole plant of Phyllanthus freternus, leaves, extracting solvent. The Methanol extract thus barks and roots of Triumfetta rhomboidae and obtained was evaporated under rotavapour until barks of Casuarina littorea using their
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Process Design and Simulation of Propylene and Methanol Production Through Direct and Indirect Biomass Gasification by Bernardo
    Process Design and Simulation of Propylene and Methanol Production through Direct and Indirect Biomass Gasification by Bernardo Rangel Lousada A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Chemical Engineering Auburn, Alabama August 6, 2016 Keywords: Process Design, Gasification, Biomass, Propylene, Methanol, Aspen Plus, Simulation, Economic, Synthesis Copyright 2016 by Bernardo Lousada Approved by Mario R. Eden, Chair and McMillan Professor of Chemical Engineering Allan E. David, John W. Brown Assistant Professor Professor of Chemical Engineering Selen Cremaschi, B. Redd Associate Professor Professor of Chemical Engineering Abstract As a result of increasing environmental concerns and the depletion of petroleum resources, the search for renewable alternatives is an important global topic. Methanol produced from biomass could be an important intermediate for liquid transportation fuels and value-added chemicals. In this work, the production of methanol and propylene is investigated via process simulation in Aspen Plus. Two gasification routes, namely, direct gasification and indirect gasification, are used for syngas production. The tar produced in the process is converted via catalytic steam reforming. After cleanup and treatment, the syngas is converted to methanol which will be further converted to high value olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butene via the methanol to propylene (MTP) processes. For a given feedstock type and supply/availability, we compare the economics of different conversion routes. A discounted cash flow with 10% of internet rate of return along 20 years of operation is done to calculate the minimum selling price of propylene required which is used as the main indicator of which route is more economic attractive.
    [Show full text]
  • Methanol:Acetone Fixation and PGL-1 Staining Protocol
    MeOH/Acetone fixation and staining of C. elegans for anti-PGL-1 whole-mount staining adapted by Erik Andersen from Mello Lab protocol by Daryl Conte, February, 2006 Things you will need: Micro Slides, precleaned, frosted, 25 x 75 mm (VWR cat no. 48312-002) Micro cover glasses, 25 mm square (VWR cat no. 48366-067) Micro cover glasses, 18 mm square (VWR cat no. 48366-045) PAP pen Polylysine (Sigma) Coplin jars Block/wedge of dry ice in Styrofoam box with lid – dry ice must be flat as slides will be placed on top 100% Methanol (-20°C in Coplin jar) 100% Acetone (-20°C in Coplin jar) Humid chamber – a plastic lidded box with moistened paper towels or whatmann paper in the bottom and a support to hold slides above paper Gravid adult worms or Larvae grown at 23ºC for at least two generations Mounting medium with antifade DAPI or other counterstain Glass Depression slide Water in which to wash larvae 20 μL pipet and mouth-pipette tubing Coating slides with polylysine – do this the day before. Many slides can be coated and stored for future use. 1. Prepare 0.01% polylysine solution. 2. Pipette polylysine solution (about 10 μL) onto surface of slide. 3. Dry slides thoroughly at 65°C. I dry them overnight. 4. It seems best to label your slides with a diamond pen, because later alcohol-fixation steps dissolve most inks. Fixing larvae to slides 1. Transfer >100 larvae of the same stage to 100 μL of water in a glass depression slide. It is very important to pick animals of the same stage, as larger worms, detritus or embryos will not allow for good crushing and subsequent fixation.
    [Show full text]
  • Hand Sanitizers and Updates on Methanol Testing
    Hand Sanitizers and Updates on Methanol Testing Francis Godwin Director, Office of Manufacturing Quality, Office of Compliance Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA USP Global Seminar Series: Ensuring Quality Hand Sanitizer Production During Covid-19 for Manufacturers February 23, 2021 • DISCLAIMER: The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent official policy or positions of the Food & Drug Administration www.fda.gov 2 Outline ● What OMQ Does ● General Background on Hand Sanitizer ● Recent Safety Concerns and FDA Actions ● Substitution ● Methanol Testing Requirements for Drug Product Manufacturers www.fda.gov 3 Office of Manufacturing Quality What We Do 4 CDER/OC Mission To shield patients from poor- quality, unsafe, and ineffective drugs through proactive compliance strategies and risk-based enforcement action. www.fda.gov 5 What OMQ Does • We evaluate compliance with Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) for drugs based on inspection reports and evidence gathered by FDA investigators. • We develop and implement compliance policy and take regulatory actions to protect the public from adulterated drugs in the U.S. market. Source: FDA www.fda.gov 6 Drug Adulteration Provisions U.S. Federal Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act • 501(a)(2)(A): Insanitary conditions • 501(a)(2)(B): Failure to conform with CGMP • 501(b): Strength, quality, or purity differing from official compendium • 501(c): Misrepresentation of strength, etc., where drug is unrecognized in compendium • 501(d): Mixture with or substitution of another substance • 501(j): Deemed adulterated if owner/operator delays, denies, refuses, or limits inspection www.fda.gov 7 CGMP Legal Authority Section 501(a)(2)(B) requires conformity with CGMP A drug is adulterated if the methods, facilities, or controls used in its manufacture, processing, packing, or holding do not conform to CGMP to assure that such drug meets purported characteristics for safety, identity, strength, quality, and purity.
    [Show full text]
  • And Isopropyl Alcohol for Methanol, Including During the Public Health Emergency (COVID-19)
    Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Policy for Testing of Alcohol (Ethanol) and Isopropyl Alcohol for Methanol, Including During the Public Health Emergency (COVID-19) Guidance for Industry January 2021 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Preface Public Comment This guidance is being issued to address the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency. This guidance is being implemented without prior public comment because the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the Agency) has determined that prior public participation for this guidance is not feasible or appropriate (see section 701(h)(1)(C) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) and 21 CFR 10.115(g)(2)). This guidance document is being implemented immediately, but it remains subject to comment in accordance with the Agency’s good guidance practices. Comments may be submitted at any time for Agency consideration. Submit written comments to the Dockets Management Staff (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. Submit electronic comments to https://www.regulations.gov. All comments should be identified with the docket number FDA-2020-D-2016 and complete title of the guidance in the request. Additional Copies Additional copies are available from the FDA webpage
    [Show full text]
  • Explosion Characteristics of Propanol Isomer–Air Mixtures
    energies Article Explosion Characteristics of Propanol Isomer–Air Mixtures Jan Skˇrínský * and Tadeáš Ochodek Energy Research Center, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-597-324-931 Received: 15 March 2019; Accepted: 21 April 2019; Published: 25 April 2019 Abstract: This paper describes a series of experiments performed to study the explosion characteristics of propanol isomer (1-propanol and 2-propanol)–air binary mixtures. The experiments were conducted in two different experimental arrangements—a 0.02 m3 oil-heated spherical vessel and a 1.00 m3 electro-heated spherical vessel—for different equivalence ratios between 0.3 and 1.7, and initial temperatures of 50, 100, and 150 ◦C. More than 150 pressure–time curves were recorded. The effects of temperature and test vessel volume on various explosion characteristics, such as the maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, deflagration index, and the lower and upper explosion limits were investigated and the results were further compared with the results available in literature for other alcohols, namely methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol. The most important results from evaluated experiments are the values of deflagration index 89–98 bar m/s for · 2-propanol and 105–108 bar m/s for 1-propanol/2-propanol–air mixtures. These values are used to · describe the effect of isomer blends on a deflagration process and to rate the effects of an explosion. Keywords: explosion characteristics; vessel; mixtures; propanol; isomers 1. Introduction Increasing attention has been paid to the use of non-petroleum-based fuels, preferably from renewable sources, including alcohols with up to five carbon atoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Methanol As an Unlisted Ingredient in Supposedly Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Can Pose Serious Health Risk
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Methanol as an Unlisted Ingredient in Supposedly Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Can Pose Serious Health Risk Alan P. L. Chan 1 and Thomas Y. K. Chan 1,2,3,* 1 Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug and Poisons Information Bureau, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; [email protected] 2 Prince of Wales Hospital Poison Treatment Centre, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China 3 Asia Pacific Network of Clinical Toxicology Centres, Drug and Poisons Information Bureau, Hong Kong, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +852-3505-3907 Received: 11 June 2018; Accepted: 5 July 2018; Published: 9 July 2018 Abstract: Alcohol-based hand rub (hand sanitizer) is heavily used in the community and the healthcare setting to maintain hand hygiene. Methanol must never be used in such a product because oral, pulmonary and/or skin exposures can result in severe systemic toxicity and even deaths. However, sporadic cases of acute poisoning indicate that alcohol-based hand rub with undeclared methanol may be found in the market from time to time. The unexpected presence of methanol poses a serious threat to public health. Unintentional ingestion by young children and inadvertent consumption by older subjects as alcohol (ethanol) substitute can occur. Methanol is more lethal and poisoning often requires antidotal therapy, in addition to supporting therapy and critical care. However, specific therapy may be delayed because the exposure to methanol is initially not suspected. When repeatedly used as a hand rub, skin absorption resulting in chronic toxicity (e.g., visual disturbances) occurs, particularly if methanol induced desquamation and dermatitis are present.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Note Methanol Poisoning Outbreaks
    Information note Methanol poisoning outbreaks July 2014 Key facts • Methanol is a widely available chemical with a range of uses including as a solvent, in chemical synthesis and as a fuel. • Methanol has a relatively low intrinsic toxicity, however, it is metabolised to highly toxic compounds, which can cause blindness, coma and metabolic disturbances that can be life-threatening1. • Victims often only seek medical care after a significant delay, mainly because there is a latent period between ingestion and toxic effects. Late medical care contributes to the high level of morbidity and mortality seen in many methanol poisoning outbreaks2. • Outbreaks of methanol poisoning occur when methanol is added to illicitly- or informally-produced alcoholic drinks. • Because patients with methanol poisoning often need intensive medical care, outbreaks of methanol poisoning can rapidly overwhelm medical facilities3. • Outbreaks have occurred in all regions in recent years. Methanol (also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood spirits and carbinol), is a widely available chemical. Methanol has many industrial applications and is also found in a number of household products including varnishes, antifreeze, windscreen wash, and fuel for model aircraft. Globally, approximately 225 million litres of methanol is used each day4. Outbreaks of methanol poisoning arise from the consumption of adulterated counterfeit or informally-produced spirit drinks. There have been numerous outbreaks in recent years, including in Cambodia, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Libya, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Turkey and Uganda. The size of these outbreaks has ranged from 20 to over 800 victims, with case fatality rates of over 30% in some instances.
    [Show full text]
  • Biorefinery: the Production of Isobutanol from Biomass Feedstocks
    applied sciences Review Biorefinery: The Production of Isobutanol from Biomass Feedstocks Yide Su, Weiwei Zhang *, Aili Zhang and Wenju Shao School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300130, China; [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (A.Z.); [email protected] (W.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-22-60200444 Received: 16 October 2020; Accepted: 10 November 2020; Published: 20 November 2020 Abstract: Environmental issues have prompted the vigorous development of biorefineries that use agricultural waste and other biomass feedstock as raw materials. However, most current biorefinery products are cellulosic ethanol. There is an urgent need for biorefineries to expand into new bioproducts. Isobutanol is an important bulk chemical with properties that are close to gasoline, making it a very promising biofuel. The use of microorganisms to produce isobutanol has been extensively studied, but there is still a considerable gap to achieving the industrial production of isobutanol from biomass. This review summarizes current metabolic engineering strategies that have been applied to biomass isobutanol production and recent advances in the production of isobutanol from different biomass feedstocks. Keywords: isobutanol; biorefinery; metabolic engineering; biomass utilization 1. Introduction Energy and the environment are two major issues facing the world. Due to climate change and the demand for renewable transportation fuels, the production of environmentally friendly biofuels has aroused great interest. Compared with fossil fuels, biofuels are more sustainable and highly renewable, which has attracted much attention [1–7]. In the past few years, researchers have focused on the production of biofuels from edible crops [8].
    [Show full text]
  • Evaporation and Intermolecular Attractions
    Experiment Evaporation and 9 Intermolecular Attractions In this experiment, Temperature Probes are placed in various liquids. Evaporation occurs when the probe is removed from the liquid’s container. This evaporation is an endothermic process that results in a temperature decrease. The magnitude of a temperature decrease is, like viscosity and boiling temperature, related to the strength of intermolecular forces of attraction. In this experiment, you will study temperature changes caused by the evaporation of several liquids and relate the temperature changes to the strength of intermolecular forces of attraction. You will use the results to predict, and then measure, the temperature change for several other liquids. You will encounter two types of organic compounds in this experiment—alkanes and alcohols. The two alkanes are pentane, C5H12, and hexane, C6H14. In addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, alcohols also contain the -OH functional group. Methanol, CH3OH, and ethanol, C2H5OH, are two of the alcohols that we will use in this experiment. You will examine the molecular structure of alkanes and alcohols for the presence and relative strength of two intermolecular forces—hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces. Figure 1 MATERIALS LabPro or CBL 2 interface methanol (methyl alcohol) TI Graphing Calculator ethanol (ethyl alcohol) DataMate program 1-propanol 2 Temperature Probes 1-butanol 6 pieces of filter paper (2.5 cm X 2.5 cm) n-pentane 2 small rubber bands n-hexane masking tape PRE-LAB EXERCISE Prior to doing the experiment, complete the Pre-Lab table. The name and formula are given for each compound. Draw a structural formula for a molecule of each compound.
    [Show full text]
  • FDA Warning About the Dangers of Hand Sanitizers with Methanol
    This is a message from the California Department of Education (CDE), Early Learning and Care Division (ELCD). *************************** The ELCD is sharing information received from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. FDA Warning About the Dangers of Hand Sanitizers With Methanol The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning to consumers and health care providers about hand sanitizer products that are labeled as containing ethanol (also known as ethyl alcohol) but that have tested positive for methanol contamination. Methanol (i.e., methyl alcohol or wood alcohol) is a substance that can be toxic when absorbed through the skin or ingested and can be life-threatening when ingested. As per the FDA news update hyperlinked below, “Methanol is not an acceptable active ingredient for hand sanitizers and must not be used due to its toxic effects. FDA’s investigation of methanol in certain hand sanitizers is ongoing. The agency will provide additional information as it becomes available.” FDA has identified more than two dozen hand sanitizers that are toxic when absorbed through the skin. It is urgent that this information be sent to child care providers, parents, state child care licensing offices, child care professional development agencies, and others who can disseminate this information. Consumers who have been exposed to a hand sanitizer containing methanol and are experiencing symptoms should seek immediate treatment for the potential toxic
    [Show full text]
  • Methanol Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Methanol Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic Methanol (or methyl alcohol) should not be used as a hand sanitizer, hand rub, or surface cleaner to kill the virus that causes the COVID-19 ("coronavirus") disease. Ethanol (or ethyl alcohol) and isopropanol (or isopropyl alcohol) are two alcohols that can be safely and effectively used to sanitize hands and to disinfect surfaces. None of these alcohols can cure COVID-19. Methanol is not a safe alcohol to use because it can cause serious damage to organs in the body if a person swallows it, breathes it in, or gets it on their skin. For more information on methanol as well as on proper and safe sanitation/disinfection, please see the FAQs. What is Methanol? Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, or carbinol) is a colorless liquid with a pungent alcohol odor. Although it is naturally occurring in wood, decaying vegetation, and volcanic gases and is biodegradable, methanol is both highly flammable and toxic to humans and animals. How might I be exposed to methanol? Methanol is used as an industrial chemical and fuel source. Low amounts of methanol can be found in many household products including in inks and dyes, adhesives, antifreeze, paint thinner, and cleaning products, as well as in some fruits and vegetables and alcoholic and non-alcoholic fermented beverages. Because there is methanol in the human diet, there are small amounts of methanol in the human body. Sometimes there are dangerous levels of methanol in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fermented beverages. Exposure to methanol can occur through ingestion (swallowing), inhalation (breathing), and eye or skin contact with any of the products mentioned above.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermochemical Investigations of the Methanol-Isopropanol System
    Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 1969 Thermochemical investigations of the methanol-isopropanol system Elmer Lee Taylor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Chemistry Commons Department: Recommended Citation Taylor, Elmer Lee, "Thermochemical investigations of the methanol-isopropanol system" (1969). Masters Theses. 5297. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/5297 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THERMOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE METHANOL- ISOPROPANOL SYSTEM BY "JL/ f ELMER LEE TAYLOR I I q .s 7 A THESIS submitted to the faculty of THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI - ROLlA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIE~E IN CHEMISTRY Rolla~ Missouri 1969 Approved by ii This Thesis is dedicated to my Mother, Jewell Taylor, born January 6, 1914. iii ABSTRACT Heats of solution and partial molar excess volumes at infinite dilution were determined for n-butanol, acetone, chloroform, and water in pure methanol, pure isopropanol, and several mixtures of the two at 25.0°C. The partial molar excess enthalpies of methanol and isopropanol were also determined and were combined to obtain integral heats of mixing. All heat data were obtained using a calorimeter of the heat­ leak design, containing approximately 300 ml of solvent. Sample sizes ranged from 0.1 to 8 ml. Individual heat measurements were reproducible to 0.05 calories and reported values are considered to be accurate to 1~ + 0.5 calorie per mole.
    [Show full text]