Cluster Munition Remnants 2017
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Helsides Faksutskrift
IFS Info 6/1997 Robert G .. Patman Securing Somalia A Comparisollil of US am!! AWistll'aHcm IPeacekeepillilg oclmillilg the UIMITAf Operatiollil Note on the author .................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 The Disintegration of the Somali State ...................................................................................... 5 International Intervention: A Mandate to Disarm or Not to Disarm? .......................................... 7 Cosmetic Disarmament in Mogadishu ...................................................................................... 9 Active Disarmament in Baidoa ............................................................................................... 14 A Comparative Assessment . ... ... .. ... ... .. .. .... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. 18 I. Mission definition ............................................................................................................................. 18 2. Style of Peace Operations ................................................................................................................. 19 3. Cultural compatibility ........................................................................................................................ 20 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... -
International Initiative at Conflict Resolution and Peace Building in Local Governments in Mogadishu, Somalia
INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVE AT CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND PEACE BUILDING IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA BY ABUBAKAR YUSUF MOHAMED MIR/40049/131/DF A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF HIGHER DEGREES AND RESEARCH IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTERS DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND DIPLOMATIC STUDIES OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY UGANDA. NOVEMBER, 2014 DECLARATION I, am Abubakar Yusuf Mohamed, hereby declare that this dissertation is my original and from my own effort. It has not been presented to any institution for any academic award or other purpose either in full or in part. Signature __~ = :::::l);]i==J;;~~~- date Is - (o ( ~'?;>('-( APPROVAL I confirm that the work reported m this dissertation was carried out by Abubakar Yusuf Mohamed under my supervision. Supervisor' signature: ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to almighty Allah, the most beneficent and the most merciful. All praise be to Allah and seek his guidance and forgiveness. I also ask Allah to put his peace and mercy on our prophet Mohammed Ibnu Abdullah [PBUH] and his pure family, as well as his noble companion and any one followed their path after them. I dedicate this hard work to my parents Yusuf Mohamed sheikh Isse and Maryan Mo'alim Abdulle who have cared me when I was indeed in need of care and made me a person and have been with me in every step in my life through good and bad times. And I give my thanks to all who supp01ied me either psychological or financial that helped me to become confident and successful. -
Western Sahara
WESTERN SAHARA PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE 2017 2016 Problem understood 8 7 Target date for completion of cluster munition clearance 6 4 Targeted clearance 8 8 Effi cient clearance 6 6 National funding of programme 4 4 Timely clearance 6 5 Land-release system in place 7 7 National mine action standards 9 9 Reporting on progress 5 5 Improving performance 7 6 PERFORMANCE SCORE: AVERAGE 6.6 6.1 172 Clearing Cluster Munition Remnants 2018 OTHER AREAS WESTERN SAHARA WESTERN PERFORMANCE COMMENTARY With the return to full operational capacity and the removal of political restrictions by Morocco on United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS)-contracted mine action operations, along with an increase in available resources, progress to address cluster munition remnant (CMR) contamination in Western Sahara increased signifi cantly in 2017. There was a near fi ve-fold increase in clearance of CMR-contaminated area compared with 2016, although the programme was hampered by the suspension of mine action activities from March to September of that year. In 2018, UNMAS reaffi rmed that clearance of all remaining CMR contamination was expected to be completed by the end of 2019 (subject to the security situation and available resources remaining unchanged).1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION > The Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) should make a formal commitment to respect and implement the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) and to clear all CMR east of the Berm as soon as possible. > All efforts should be taken to complete clearance of all CMR-contaminated areas in Western Sahara by the end of 2019. > Morocco is strongly encouraged to provide cluster strike data to other relevant stakeholders to facilitate survey and clearance of CMR. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 16 January 2020
United Nations A/AC.109/2020/17* General Assembly Distr.: General 16 January 2020 Original: English Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples Western Sahara Working paper prepared by the Secretariat I. Reports and good offices of the Secretary-General 1. Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 73/107, the Secretary-General submitted to the Assembly at its seventy-fourth session a report on the question of Western Sahara (A/74/341). The report covered the period from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019 and contained a review of the activities carried out by the Secretary- General in the exercise of his good offices. 2. During the period under review, pursuant to Security Council resolutions 2440 (2018) and 2468 (2019), the Secretary-General also submitted two reports, on 1 April and 2 October 2019, to the Council on the situation concerning Western Sahara (S/2019/282 and S/2019/787). The present working paper provides a summary of the aforementioned reports, with additional information regarding the consideration of that question by the Security Council and the General Assembly. 3. In its resolution 2440 (2018), adopted on 31 October 2018, the Security Council decided to extend the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 30 April 2019. In the same resolution, the Council expressed its full support for the intention of the Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy for Western Sahara to initiate a renewed negotiations process before the end of 2018, noted that invitations to an initial round-table meeting in Geneva on 5 and 6 December 2018 had been sent on 28 September 2018, welcomed that Morocco, the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguía el-Hamra y de Río de Oro (Frente POLISARIO), Algeria and Mauritania had responded positively and encouraged them to work constructively with the Personal Envoy, in the spirit of compromise, throughout the duration of that process to ensure a successful outcome. -
Peace in Puntland: Mapping the Progress Democratization, Decentralization, and Security and Rule of Law
Peace in Puntland: Mapping the Progress Democratization, Decentralization, and Security and Rule of Law Pillars of Peace Somali Programme Garowe, November 2015 Acknowledgment This Report was prepared by the Puntland Development Re- search Center (PDRC) and the Interpeace Regional Office for Eastern and Central Africa. Lead Researchers Research Coordinator: Ali Farah Ali Security and Rule of Law Pillar: Ahmed Osman Adan Democratization Pillar: Mohamoud Ali Said, Hassan Aden Mo- hamed Decentralization Pillar: Amina Mohamed Abdulkadir Audio and Video Unit: Muctar Mohamed Hersi Research Advisor Abdirahman Osman Raghe Editorial Support Peter W. Mackenzie, Peter Nordstrom, Jessamy Garver- Affeldt, Jesse Kariuki and Claire Elder Design and Layout David Müller Printer Kul Graphics Ltd Front cover photo: Swearing-in of Galkayo Local Council. Back cover photo: Mother of slain victim reaffirms her com- mittment to peace and rejection of revenge killings at MAVU film forum in Herojalle. ISBN: 978-9966-1665-7-9 Copyright: Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) Published: November 2015 This report was produced by the Puntland Development Re- search Center (PDRC) with the support of Interpeace and represents exclusively their own views. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the contribut- ing donors and should not be relied upon as a statement of the contributing donors or their services. The contributing donors do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor do they accept responsibility for any use -
Clearing Cluster Munition Remnants 2017.1.1
WESTERN SAHARA PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE 2016 2015 Problem understood 7 7 Target date for completion of cluster munition clearance 4 4 Targeted clearance 8 7 Efficient clearance 6 6 National funding of programme 4 4 Timely clearance 5 5 Land release system in place 7 7 National mine action standards 9 8 Reporting on progress 5 5 Improving performance 6 6 PERFORMANCE SCORE: AVERAGE 6.1 5.9 PERFORMANCE COMMENTARY Progress to address remaining cluster munition contamination in Western Sahara was hindered in 2016 by a six-month shutdown of United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS)-contracted demining operations due to a political issue with Morocco. At the same time, despite a resulting decrease in the amount of cluster munition remnants (CMR) clearance, new funding for an additional team towards the end of the year and deployment on high density cluster munition-contaminated areas meant the number of CMR destroyed in 2016 increased by more than 40% compared to 2015. According to UNMAS, clearance of remaining CMR contamination could be completed by 2019. 162 OTHER AREAS WESTERN SAHARA WESTERN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION > The Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) should make a formal commitment to respect and implement the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) and to clear all CMR east of the Berm as soon as possible. > Morocco should ensure freedom of access and unhindered movement of all civilian UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) and UNMAS staff and take all necessary measures to facilitate the conduct of demining. > Morocco is strongly encouraged to provide cluster strike data to other relevant stakeholders to facilitate survey and clearance of CMR. -
Report of the IGAD Regional Workshop on the Disarmament of Pastoralist Communities
The Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) Unit Of The Inter-governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Report of the IGAD Regional Workshop on the Disarmament of Pastoralist Communities from 28-30 May 2007 The Imperial Resort Beach Hotel Entebbe, Uganda 1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….. .....4 2. Background…………………………………………………………………………………………….4 3. Workshop Objectives………………………………………………………………………………….5 4. Participants of the workshop………………………………………………………………………….5 5. Preparation of workshop………………………………………………………………………………6 6. Workshop proceedings and outcome………………………………………………………………..7 Appendix 1: Agenda of the workshop…………………………………………………………………..17 Appendix 2: Welcome address by the Minister of State for Defense of the Republic of Uganda Hon. Ruth Nankabirwa………………………………………………………………………………………….20 Appendix 3: Opening remarks by Amb. Abdel Rahim Ahmed Khalil, Director of the CEWARN Unit of IGAD…………………………………………………………………………………………………….21 Appendix 4: Presentation by the EU...………………………………………………………………….22 Appendix 5: Closing remarks by Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in charge of Regional Cooperation of the Republic of Uganda, Hon. Isaac I. Musumba…………………………………..25 Appendix 6: Background Paper: Disarmament in the Horn of Africa -The case of Karamoja and Somali clusters……………………………………………………………………………………………26 Appendix 7: Discussant’s Presentation on Background paper, Dr. Kasaija Phillip Apuuli……....................................................................................................................................59 -
Facts About Western Sahara Saharawi April 2005
Facts about Western Sahara Saharawi April 2005 Area: 266,000 sq km (a good UK), from which and protected by 160,000 armed soldiers. Additional 180,000 (68%) is occupied by Morocco and 86,000 920 km walls were built inside the occupied area. (32%) is controlled by SADR, the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic. In the eighties Morocco divid- Population: In the occupied area both total popula- ed the territory with a 1,800 km wall or berm made tion numbers and the size of the Saharawi popula- of sand, stone, landmines and barbed wire. The tion is unclear. Moroccan sources say totally about wall is watched over by radars, artillery, air force 300,000. There are probably more Moroccans than Western Sahara Agadir Tiznit Sidi Ifni MOROCCO CANARY ISLANDS Lanzarote La Palma A Tenerife a I Santa Cruz Fuerteventura Oued Drâ R de Tenerife Tan Tan E G Las Palmas Zag Gomera Tarfaya L A Hierro Subkhat Tah Gran Canaria Tindouf As-Sakn Al Mahbes Jdiriya Al Ga'da Hawza Farciya La 'Youn mra Oue Ha d A's Saquia Al ATLANTIC OCEAN Smara t t a h Amgala Bir Lahlou K Boukra l Tifariti Boujdour A Meharrize d Aridal e u O Bir Maghrein Galtat Zemmour Zbayra Chalwa MAURITANIA Sebkhet Oumm ed Drous Telli Subkhat Tagarzimat Oum Dreyga Aghzoumal Bir Anzarane Ad Dakhla Western Baggari Sahara Aargub Subkhat Mijek Tanwakka Imlily Subkhat Subkhat Doumas Sebkhet Tidsit Ijill Zouerate Awsard Agailas Aguanit Dougaj Town, village International boundary Bir Gandouz Techla Guerguerat Zug Road Berm Bon Lanuar Sebkha de Wadi Nouadhibou Chinchane Dry salt lake La Guera Airport MAURITANIA Atar 0 50 100 150 200 km 0 50 100 mi The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. -
External Interventions in Somalia's Civil War. Security Promotion And
External intervention in Somalia’s civil war Mikael Eriksson (Editor) Eriksson Mikael war civil Somalia’s intervention in External The present study examines external intervention in Somalia’s civil war. The focus is on Ethiopia’s, Kenya’s and Uganda’s military engagement in Somalia. The study also analyses the political and military interests of the intervening parties and how their respective interventions might affect each country’s security posture and outlook. The aim of the study is to contribute to a more refined under- standing of Somalia’s conflict and its implications for the security landscape in the Horn of Africa. The study contains both theoretical chapters and three empirically grounded cases studies. The main finding of the report is that Somalia’s neighbours are gradually entering into a more tense political relationship with the government of Somalia. This development is character- ized by a tension between Somalia’s quest for sovereignty and neighbouring states’ visions of a decentralized Somali state- system capable of maintaining security across the country. External Intervention in Somalia’s civil war Security promotion and national interests? Mikael Eriksson (Editor) FOI-R--3718--SE ISSN1650-1942 www.foi.se November 2013 FOI-R--3718--SE Mikael Eriksson (Editor) External Intervention in Somalia’s civil war Security promotion and national interests? Cover: Scanpix (Photo: TT, CORBIS) 1 FOI-R--3718--SE Titel Extern intervention i Somalias inbördeskrig: Främjande av säkerhet och nationella intressen? Title External intervention in Somalia’s civil war: security promotion and national Interests? Rapportnr/Report no FOI-R--3718--SE Månad/Month November Utgivningsår/Year 2013 Antal sidor/Pages 137 ISSN 1650-1942 Kund/Customer Försvarsdepartementet/Ministry of Defence Projektnr/Project no A11306 Godkänd av/Approved by Maria Lignell Jakobsson Ansvarig avdelning Försvarsanalys/Defence Analysis Detta verk är skyddat enligt lagen (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk. -
North Africa Issue 1, 2015
ISSUE 1, 2015 NORTH AFRICA The Thinker ACCORD is Ranked among Top Think Tanks in the World For the fi fth consecutive year, ACCORD has been recognised by the Global Go To Think Tank Index as one of the top-100 think tanks in the world. The 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Report was produced by the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. ACCORD is proud to have been ranked out of over 6 600 think tanks globally, of which 467 are based in sub-Saharan Africa, in the following sub-categories: • 32nd in the category ‘Top Think Tanks Worldwide (Non-US)’ (p. 62) and is the highest ranked African institution in this category • 63rd in the category 'Top Think Tanks Worldwide (US and Non-US) (p. 66) • 6th in the category 'Top Think Tanks in Sub-Saharan Africa' (p. 69) • 23rd in the category 'Best Managed Think Tanks' (p. 118) • 31st in the category 'Best Use of Social Networks' (p. 134). Global Distribution of Think Tanks by Region The 2014 GlobalThe 2014 Think Go Report Tank To 27.53% These rankings pay testament to ACCORD’s Knowledge Production, Interventions and Training 30.05% departments, which strive to produce both 16.71% experientially-based and academically rigorous knowledge, derived from our 23 years in the 7.87% confl ict resolution fi eld, relevant to practitioners, governments, civil society and organisations 10.18% within Africa and throughout the world. 7.06% Now in its eighth year, the Global Go To Think 0.59% Tank Index has become an authoritative resource for individuals and institutions worldwide. -
The Limbs Factory: Circuits of Fear and Hope and the Political Imagination on the Western Sahara
The American University in Cairo School of Global Affairs and Public Policy The Limbs Factory: Circuits of Fear and Hope and the Political Imagination on the Western Sahara A Thesis Submitted to Cynthia Nelson Institute for Gender and Women’s Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Gender and Women’s Studies in Middle East/ North Africa Kenza Yousfi Committee members: Dr. Martina Rieker, IGWS, AUC Dr. Hanan Sabea, SAPE, AUC Dr. Nizar Messari, SHSS, AUI May/2015 . Acknowledgments This project would not have been possible without the people who have supported me all the way through the stress, confusion, and passion that enabled me to write. I thank my committee members: Martina, Hanan, and Nizar, for their intellectual engagement and the political horizons they have opened to me throughout the past few years. My friends around the globe, I hope that reading these pages compensate you with the hours of counseling and listening you had to lead me through. Only you could understand my craziness. My family, although very far from sharing any political ideas, I must be thankful for your encouragement and concern of safety even when you did not know where in the world I was. I thank all the Saharawis who wanted to help by all means while I was in the camps. Many thanks for the NUSW for coordinating my stay and providing me with the logistics, and to the family that hosted me like a family member, not a stranger. I owe a particular debt to one person who shall remain unnamed for his own safety, who made my access to the Saharawi camps possible, and who showed a concern about my research and safety. -
Kuzey Afrika'da Bir Bağimsizlik Mücadelesi Analizi
Yayın Geliş Tarihi: 17.01.2019 Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayına Kabul Tarihi: 26.03.2019 Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Online Yayın Tarihi: 19.12.2019 Cilt: 21, Sayı: 4, Yıl: 2019, Sayfa: 1321-1353 http://dx.doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.514255 ISSN: 1302-3284 E-ISSN: 1308-0911 Araştırma Makalesi KUZEY AFRİKA’DA BİR BAĞIMSIZLIK MÜCADELESİ ANALİZİ: POLİSARİO CEPHESİ VE SAHRA ARAP DEMOKRATİK CUMHURİYETİ (SADC) Cantürk CANER * Betül ŞENGÜL** Öz Bugün Afrika Kıtasının son sömürge coğrafyası olarak bilinen Batı Sahra sorunu yüzyılı aşkın bir süredir dünya kamuoyundaki yerini sessizce korumaktadır. Yaklaşık iki yüzyıl boyunca İspanyollar, ardından da Fas hükümeti tarafından ilhak edilmek istenen bölge, halen dünyanın çözülememiş jeopolitik sorunlarından birisidir. Batı Sahra’nın bağımsızlığı Polisario Cephesi liderliğinde yetmişli yıllardan bu yana örgütlü olarak yürütülmektedir. BM tarafından kendisini idare edemeyen topraklar olarak tanımlanmasına karşın; de facto biçimde onlarca devlet tarafından tanınan ve Afrika Birliği’nin tam üyesi olan Sahra Arap Demokratik Cumhuriyeti (SADC), Polisario Cephesinin başarısını gösteren en somut aşamadır. Polisario Cephesi’nin yürüttüğü bağımsızlık mücadelesi esasen 20. yüzyılda örneğine az rastlanan bir mücadele biçimidir. Ülkemiz gündeminde tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte Batı Sahra’da yaşanan gelişmeler, uluslararası ilişkiler yazını bakımından göz ardı edilmemesi gereken bir konudur. İşte bu çalışma Batı Sahra’da yaşanan bağımsızlık sorununu tarihsel açıdan ele almakta ve Polisario Cephesi’nin ulus devlet kurma yolundaki çabalarını siyasal, yapısal ve hukuksal çerçevelerde, tarihi boyutlarıyla ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Batı Sahra, Bağımsızlık Mücadelesi, Polisario Cephesi, Sahra Arap Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, Anayasa. Bu makale için önerilen kaynak gösterimi (APA 6. Sürüm): Caner, C. & Şengül, B. (2019). Kuzey Afrika’da bir bağımsızlık mücadelesi analizi: Polisario Cephesi ve Sahra Arap Demokratik Cumhuriyeti (SADC).