Hemiptera: Miridae) in Upland Cotton

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hemiptera: Miridae) in Upland Cotton Journal of Economic Entomology Advance Access published October 16, 2015 Journal of Economic Entomology, 2015, 1–7 doi: 10.1093/jee/tov275 Plant Resistance Research article Cotton Square Morphology Offers New Insights into Host Plant Resistance to Cotton Fleahopper (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Upland Cotton Laura Ann McLoud,1,2 Steven Hague,1 Allen Knutson,3 C. Wayne Smith,1 and Michael Brewer4 1Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 370 Olsen Blvd., TAMU 2474, College Station, TX 77843, ([email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]) 2Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected], 3Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 17360 Coit Rd., Dallas, TX 75252 and 4Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 10345 Hwy 44, Corpus Christi, TX 78406. Received 22 May 2015; Accepted 24 August 2015 Abstract Cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is a piercing–sucking pest of cot- ton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that feeds preferentially on developing flower buds, called squares. Heavy infesta- tions cause yield reductions that result from abscission of squares damaged by the cotton fleahopper feeding. Antixenosis, or nonpreference, has been reported as a mechanism of host plant resistance in cotton to cotton fleahopper. Square structure, particularly the placement of the reproductive tissues, and stylet penetration were investigated as factors that influence resistance to cotton fleahopper in cotton lines derived from crosses with Pilose, a cultigen of upland cotton resistant to cotton fleahopper, and backcrossed with high-yielding, suscepti- ble lines. Ovary depth varied among the lines tested and was found to be a heritable trait that affected the ability of a fleahopper’s feeding stylets to penetrate the reproductive tissues in the square and might influence prefer- ence. Behavioral assays suggested antixenosis as a mechanism of host plant resistance, and the trait conferring antixenosis was found to be heritable. Results suggest ovary depth plays a role in conferring resistance to cot- ton fleahopper and is an exploitable trait in resistance breeding. Key words Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, cotton fleahopper, Gossypium hirsutum Host plant resistance is defined as the phenomenon by which plants cotton grown in the United States is genetically modified (U.S. under the same environmental conditions experience different levels of Department of Agriculture [USDA] 2014), but the cotton fleahop- injury from insect herbivory (Painter 1958); plants with comparatively per, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), a piercing–sucking pest, is little damage are often termed resistant, and those with comparatively not managed by genetically modified cotton. Identifying, character- more damage are often termed susceptible. Host plant resistance can izing, and exploiting host plant resistance traits may lead to the de- be described using three terms: tolerance, antixenosis, and antibiosis. velopment of cultivars with increased resistance to cotton Briefly, tolerance is a plant’s ability to survive under and sufficiently re- fleahopper and mitigate yield losses and costs associated with con- cover from insect infestation to be able to produce biomass and repro- trolling this insect. duce; antixenosis, or nonpreference, is the aversion of the insect to Cotton fleahopper is an early season pest of upland cotton, and feeding on or even selecting the plant as a potential host; and antibiosis damage usually is most severe in the central and southern portions describes a fitness cost for the insect feeding on the plant (Painter of the U.S. Cotton Belt, particularly in the dryland production sys- 1958, Reese et al. 1994, Strauss and Agrawal 1999). tems of Texas (Ring et al. 1993), where cotton cultivars have an The use of host plant resistance to control cotton insect pests has early maturity habit and begin squaring around the time of senes- been most successful in breeding early maturing varieties which es- cence of the cotton fleahoppers’ weedy spring hosts. The insect feeds cape late season insect pests; this approach is an important part of primarily on developing cotton flower buds, or squares, early in de- integrated pest management systems in cotton, Gossypium spp., in velopment, when the squares are of pinhead (1–2 mm in diameter) the United States (Jenkins and Wilson 1996). Presently, pest insect or match-head (2–3 mm in diameter) sizes (Knutson et al. 2013) and control in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is accompanied contain high concentrations of amino acids essential to insect by planting genetically modified cultivars. Currently, 96% of all growth and development (Showler 2009). Size of cotton squares is VC The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] 1 2 Journal of Economic Entomology, 2015, Vol. 0, No. 0 also known to influence feeding preference and female fecundity in Table 1. Line identifications, pedigrees, and designations (donor boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman; Showler 2005). parent [DP], recurrent parent [RP], or backcross [BC1F3]) of parental Feeding injury by cotton fleahopper causes abscission of squares and lines and backcross progeny thus delayed maturity of the crop. Line ID Pedigree Designation Martin et al. (1988) conjectured that polygalacturonase in the fleahopper’s saliva, which aids in the digestion of pectins in the mid- TAM07V-45 96WD-22/02Q-42 RP dle lamella, may be responsible for the plant tissue lesion character- TAM06WE-14 DPL491/96WD-22//AP9257/96WD-22 RP istic of cotton fleahopper feeding (Miles 1972). Bell et al. (2007) 13-6 Pilose/Deltapine50 DP reported that cotton fleahopper can vector plant pathogens during 15-2 Pilose/Deltapine50 DP 18-1 Pilose/Deltapine50 DP feeding, and these pathogens, if delivered into the developing ovary, 18-3 Pilose/Deltapine50 DP can result in ovary tissue necrosis characteristic of squares shed after 20-1 Pilose/Deltapine50 DP being fed on by cotton fleahopper. Previous studies, emphasizing the 20-2 Pilose/Deltapine50 DP role of leaf pubescence in conferring resistance, report degrees of re- 12511 TAM06WE-14 //TAM06WE-14 /15-2 BC1F3 sistance to cotton fleahopper among cultivars and cultigens evalu- 12522 TAM06WE-14 //TAM06WE-14 /13-6 BC1F3 ated in field studies (Lukefahr 1970, Walker et al. 1974) and in field 12524 TAM06WE-14 //TAM06WE-14 /18-1 BC1F3 and cage studies (Knutson et al. 2013, McLoud et al. 2015). 12525 TAM06WE-14 //TAM06WE-14 /18-3 BC1F3 McLoud et al. (2015) evaluated the role of Pilose (PI 528521), a 12547 TAM07V-45//TAM07V-45/13-6 BC1F3 densely pubescent cultigen, in conferring resistance to cotton flea- 12548 TAM07V-45//TAM07V-45/15-2 BC1F3 hopper. While the pilose phenotype was found to have a high level 12550 TAM07V-45//TAM07V-45/18-1 BC1F3 12552 TAM07V-45//TAM07V-45/20-2 BC F of resistance, measured as reduced number of damaged squares, 1 3 12553 TAM07V-45//TAM07V-45/18-3 BC F McLoud et al. (2015) also reported resistance in plants with smooth 1 3 12554 TAM06WE-14 //TAM06WE-14 /20-1 BC1F3 and hairy pubescent phenotypes, suggesting resistance can be sepa- 12555 TAM06WE-14 //TAM06WE-14 /20-2 BC1F3 rated from the pilose trait and that alternative host plant mecha- nisms are responsible for resistance. In this study, we build on the hypothesis that resistance is not de- Cotton Fleahoppers pendent on the pilose trait. The purpose of this study was to examine Cotton fleahoppers were reared according the methods of Breene the role of square morphology, specifically the structure and placement et al. (1989) and Gaylor and Sterling (1975). Woolly croton, Croton of the developing ovary, in influencing resistance of upland cotton to capitatus Michaux, stems were collected in burlap sacks at College cotton fleahopper. Additionally, the heritability of this host plant resis- Station in January of 2012–2014. Stems were stored for long term in tance trait and its potential as a tool for breeders is also discussed. a cold storage seed room (15C and ca. 50% relative humidity [RH]). As needed, stems were removed from the sacks, broken into Materials and Methods smaller pieces, and placed in 4.73-liter plastic buckets, the openings of which were covered with plastic mesh and secured with rubber Germplasm bands. The buckets were filled with water for 20 min, drained, and Cotton fleahopper-resistant germplasm was obtained from the placed in an incubator at 27.0 6 1C and a photoperiod of 12:12 Texas A&M AgriLife Research Cotton Improvement Lab (CIL) in (L:D) h. After a week of soaking in this manner every other day, the College Station, TX, and from Allen Knutson at the Texas A&M buckets were checked for hatched nymphs by inverting and shaking AgriLife Research Center in Dallas, TX (McLoud et al. 2015). Eight over a black counter top. Nymphs were collected with an aspirator parental lines and 11 BC1F3 lines were derived from this plant mate- and transferred to plastic containers (710 ml) covered with organza rial (McLoud et al. 2015) and were evaluated (Table 1). Two high- and lined with a Kimwipe (Kimberly-Clark, Irving, TX) and placed yielding breeding lines were selected as parents from the CIL: in the incubator. Adults and nymphs were fed store-bought, USDA- TAM07V-45 (‘TAMCOT 22’/02Q-42), a line with glabrous leaves certified organic green beans purchased from a local grocery store. and stems, and TAM06WE-14 (‘DP 491’/TAMCOT 22//AP9257/ Green beans were replaced every other day and as needed. TAMCOT 22), a line with relatively hairy stems and leaves. TAMCOT 22 (Thaxton et al. 2005, PI 635877) was developed and released by Texas A&M AgriLife in 2005; DP 491 (PVP Behavioral Assays 200100159, PI 618609) is a high-quality cultivar released in 2004; Behavioral assays were conducted with parental and backcross lines 02Q-42 is an unreleased breeding line of Texas A&M AgriLife (Table 1).
Recommended publications
  • Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies
    Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Lynn Ekblad, Different Angles, Ames, Iowa Graphics and layout by Richard Beachler, Instructional Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames ISBN 1-887383-23-9 ISSN 0194-4088 06 05 04 03 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies. p. cm. -- (Task force report, ISSN 0194-4088 ; no. 140) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-887383-23-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pests--Integrated control. I. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. II. Series: Task force report (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology) ; no. 140. SB950.I4573 2003 632'.9--dc21 2003006389 Task Force Report No. 140 June 2003 Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Ames, Iowa, USA Task Force Members Kenneth R. Barker (Chair), Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Esther Day, American Farmland Trust, DeKalb, Illinois Timothy J. Gibb, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Maud A. Hinchee, ArborGen, Summerville, South Carolina Nancy C. Hinkle, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens Barry J. Jacobsen, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman James Knight, Department of Animal and Range Science, Montana State University, Bozeman Kenneth A. Langeland, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville Evan Nebeker, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State David A. Rosenberger, Plant Pathology Department, Cornell University–Hudson Valley Laboratory, High- land, New York Donald P.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest
    INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS This page intentionally left blank INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS EDITED BY LAWRENCE I. GILBERT SARJEET S. GILL Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BU, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA ª 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved The chapters first appeared in Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, edited by Lawrence I. Gilbert, Kostas Iatrou, and Sarjeet S. Gill (Elsevier, B.V. 2005). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail [email protected]. Requests may also be completed on-line via the homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Insect control : biological and synthetic agents / editors-in-chief: Lawrence I. Gilbert, Sarjeet S. Gill. – 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests–Control. 2. Insecticides. I. Gilbert, Lawrence I. (Lawrence Irwin), 1929- II. Gill, Sarjeet S. SB931.I42 2010 632’.7–dc22 2010010547 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 Cover Images: (Top Left) Important pest insect targeted by neonicotinoid insecticides: Sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; (Top Right) Control (bottom) and tebufenozide intoxicated by ingestion (top) larvae of the white tussock moth, from Chapter 4; (Bottom) Mode of action of Cry1A toxins, from Addendum A7.
    [Show full text]
  • 2063 Developing AFLP Markers to Study Genetic
    1 Title: Developing AFLP markers to study genetic differentiation of the cotton fleahopper, 2 Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) 3 4 Discipline: Arthropod Management 5 6 Authors: Apurba Kumar Barman 7 Dept. of Entomology 8 Texas A&M University 9 College Station TX 77843 10 Phone: 806-928-1896 11 Email: [email protected] 12 13 Raul. F. Medina 14 Dept. of Entomology 15 Texas A&M University 16 College Station TX 77843 17 Phone: 979-8458304 18 Fax: 979-845-6305 19 Email: [email protected] 20 21 Megha N. Parajulee 22 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station 23 1102 East FM 1294 24 Lubbock, TX 79403-9803 25 Phone: 506-746-6101 26 Fax: 806-746-2704 27 Email: [email protected] 28 29 Charles Suh 30 USDA ARS APMRU 31 2771 F&B Road 32 College Station 33 Phone: 979-260-9588 34 Fax: 979-260-9386 35 Email: [email protected] 36 37 38 Chris Sansone 39 Texas A&M University Research and Extension Center 40 7887 U.S. Highway 87 North 41 San Angelo, TX 76901 42 Phone: 325-653-4576 43 Fax: 325-655-7791 44 Email [email protected] JCS1 45 Developing AFLP markers to study genetic differentiation of the cotton fleahopper, 46 Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) JCS2 47 Developing AFLP markers to study genetic differentiation of the cotton fleahopper, 48 Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) 49 Apurba K. Barman1, Raul F. Medina1, Megha N. Parajulee2, Charles Suh3, and Chris Sansone4 50 51 Abstract: 52 53 The cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) is one of the most 54 important pests of cotton in the US.
    [Show full text]
  • PROCEEDINGS of the OKLAHOMA ACADEMY of SCIENCE Volume 98 2018
    PROCEEDINGS of the OKLAHOMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Volume 98 2018 EDITOR: Mostafa Elshahed Production Editor: Tammy Austin Business Manager: T. David Bass The Official Organ of the OKLAHOMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Which was established in 1909 for the purpose of stimulating scientific research; to promote fraternal relationships among those engaged in scientific work in Oklahoma; to diffuse among the citizens of the State a knowledge of the various departments of science; and to investigate and make known the material, educational, and other resources of the State. Affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Publication Date: January 2019 ii POLICIES OF THE PROCEEDINGS The Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science contains papers on topics of interest to scientists. The goal is to publish clear communications of scientific findings and of matters of general concern for scientists in Oklahoma, and to serve as a creative outlet for other scientific contributions by scientists. ©2018 Oklahoma Academy of Science The Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy Base and/or other appropriate repository. of Science contains reports that describe the Information necessary for retrieval of the results of original scientific investigation data from the repository will be specified in (including social science). Papers are received a reference in the paper. with the understanding that they have not been published previously or submitted for 4. Manuscripts that report research involving publication elsewhere. The papers should be human subjects or the use of materials of significant scientific quality, intelligible to a from human organs must be supported by broad scientific audience, and should represent a copy of the document authorizing the research conducted in accordance with accepted research and signed by the appropriate procedures and scientific ethics (proper subject official(s) of the institution where the work treatment and honesty).
    [Show full text]
  • Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America
    PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3522, 54 pp., 13 figures, 2 tables July 31, 2006 New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America CHRISTIANE WEIRAUCH1 ABSTRACT Six new genera comprising ten new species and one new combination of Phylini are described from the western United States. The species are characterized by their orange and whitish coloration, and the host records that are available for all but one species show that they feed primarily on various species of oak (Quercus). Crassomiris, new genus, comprises two species from California and Oregon. The monotypic genera Phallospinophylus, new genus and Quercophylus, new genus, are described from California. The monotypic genus Pygovepres, new genus, is created for Psallus vaccinicola Knight, widespread from British Columbia throughout the western United States, south to California and Arizona. Rubellomiris, new genus, with three species, is so far restricted to California, and Rubeospineus, new genus, is composed of three species from California. INTRODUCTION vary considerably in coloration—ranging from pale red to orange, sometimes contrasted Knight (1930) described a phyline taken on with white—and in size across the distribu- Vaccinium sp. from the western United States tional range. Besides species of Vaccinum, and assigned it to Psallus Fieber, 1858. a variety of other plants serve as hosts, among Examination of the male genitalia of this them several species of oak (Quercus). The species, P. vaccinicola Knight, established that new genus Pygovepres is here created to it should not be included in Psallus, nor do the accommodate this species.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Natural Enemies in Cotton: Role of Insect Growth Regulators in Management of Bemisia Tabaci
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2004 Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci Steven E. Naranjo USDA-ARS Peter C. Ellsworth University of Arizona James R. Hagler USDA-ARS Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Part of the Agricultural Science Commons Naranjo, Steven E.; Ellsworth, Peter C.; and Hagler, James R., "Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci" (2004). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 367. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/367 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biological Control 30 (2004) 52–72 www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaciq Steven E. Naranjo,a,* Peter C. Ellsworth,b and James R. Haglera a USDA-ARS, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA b Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Maricopa Agricultural Center, 37860 W. Smith-Enke Road, Maricopa, AZ 85239, USA Received 21 January 2003; accepted 17 September 2003 Abstract Field studies were conducted from 1997 to 1999 to contrast the effects of two insect growth regulators (IGRs) and conventional insecticides on natural enemy conservation in cotton within the context of alternative management strategies for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius).
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa: Review of the Nearctic Species Of
    ZOOTAXA 1323 Review of the Nearctic species of Leiophron and Peristenus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitizing Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirini) HENRI GOULET & PETER G. MASON Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand HENRI GOULET & PETER G. MASON Review of the Nearctic species of Leiophron and Peristenus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitizing Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirini) (Zootaxa 1323) 118 pp.; 30 cm. 28 Sept. 2006 ISBN 978-1-86977-030-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-031-0 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2006 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41383 Auckland 1030 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2006 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) Zootaxa 1323: 1–118 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1323 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Review of the Nearctic species of Leiophron and Peristenus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitizing Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirini) HENRI GOULET1 & PETER G. MASON2 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K. W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Table of contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Host Plant Use by Insect Herbivores Mediated by Microorganisms
    HOST PLANT USE BY INSECT HERBIVORES MEDIATED BY MICROORGANISMS A Dissertation by JOSEPHINE BEMA ANTWI Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Raul F. Medina Co-Chair of Committee, Gregory A. Sword Committee Members, Micky Eubanks Mariana Mateos Jesus Esquivel Head of Department, David Ragsdale August 2015 Major Subject: Entomology Copyright 2015 Josephine B. Antwi ABSTRACT Geographic isolation plays a major role in population divergence, but host-plants can also generate selective forces that drive genetic differentiation. Host-plant associations of insects can also be mediated by their associations with microorganisms, some of which are linked to pest status on crops. However, the ecological and evolutionary roles these microorganisms play in plant-insect interactions are not fully understood, neither are their implications for pest management. My dissertation applied an interdisciplinary approach to explore the potential role of microorganisms in plant-insect interactions. Two important agricultural pests, cotton fleahopper (CFH) (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus), a cotton pest, and sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari), an invasive pest of sorghum, were used as model organisms in my studies. Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) I sampled CFH from 12 host-plants. I found that CFH genotypes are distinct on only 2 out of 12 uncultivated plant species. My results suggest that several uncultivated hosts likely constitute a source of CFH for cotton. To determine whether bacterial symbionts correlated with genetic variation in CFH host-association, I compared bacterial communities within CFH using 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactive Effects of Geography and Host Plant Species on Genetic and Phenotypic Variation of Cotton Fleahopper Populations A
    INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF GEOGRAPHY AND HOST PLANT SPECIES ON GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC VARIATION OF COTTON FLEAHOPPER POPULATIONS A Dissertation by APURBA KUMAR BARMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2011 Major Subject: Entomology INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF GEOGRAPHY AND HOST PLANT SPECIES ON GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC VARIATION OF COTTON FLEAHOPPER POPULATIONS A Dissertation by APURBA KUMAR BARMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Co-chairs of the Committee, Raul F. Medina Megha N. Parajulee Committee Members, Chris Sansone Adam G. Jones Charles P. C. Suh Head of Department, David Ragsdale December 2011 Major Subject: Entomology iii ABSTRACT Interactive Effects of Geography and Host Plant Species on Genetic and Phenotypic Variation of Cotton Fleahopper Populations. (December 2011) Apurba Kumar Barman, B.Sc., M.Sc., Assam Agricultural University; M.S., Texas Tech University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Raul F. Medina Dr. Megha N. Parajulee The cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) is a widely distributed insect across the United States. Although, it feeds on several native wild hosts, its agricultural importance lies as an economic pest of cotton in several states in the southern United States. No studies have addressed intraspecific genetic and phenotypic variation of this insect pest at a large geographic scale. I examined genetic variation among cotton fleahopper populations associated with cotton in different geographic locations across the southern United States (Chapter II).
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Flight Patterns of Miridae (Hemiptera) in a Southern Illinois Black Walnut Plantation
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 26 Number 2 - Summer 1993 Number 2 - Summer Article 2 1993 June 1993 Seasonal Flight Patterns of Miridae (Hemiptera) in a Southern Illinois Black Walnut Plantation J. E. McPherson Southern Illinois University B. C. Weber USDA Forest Service T. J. Henry National Museum of Natural History Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation McPherson, J. E.; Weber, B. C.; and Henry, T. J. 1993. "Seasonal Flight Patterns of Miridae (Hemiptera) in a Southern Illinois Black Walnut Plantation," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 26 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol26/iss2/2 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. McPherson et al.: Seasonal Flight Patterns of Miridae (Hemiptera) in a Southern Ill 1993 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOlOGIST 97 SEASONAL FLIGHT PAITERNS OF MIRIDAE (HEMIPTERA) IN A SOUTHERN ILLINOIS BLACK WALNUT PLANTATION J. E. McPherson,l B. C. Weber,2 and T. J. Henry3 ABSTRACT The seasonal flight patterns of 92 species of Miridae collected in window traps in a southern Illinois black walnut plantation are compared with similar data from a North Carolina black walnut plantation. Flying height distribu­ tions and seasonal flight activities of Amblytylus nasutus, Deraeocoris nebu­ losus, Leptopterna dolabrata, Lopidea heidemanni, Lygus lineolaris, and Pla­ giognathus politus are considered in detail.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics
    Chapter 1 Introduction to True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics Antônio R. Panizzi and Jocêlia Grazia Abstract True bugs (Heteroptera) are a diverse and complex group of insects, particularly in the neotropics. The fauna ofthese bugs has been investigated through time, but our knowledge of the species living in the Neotropical Region is lirnited. ln this introductory chapter, we give a general view on true bugs c1assification and biogeography, with concise comments on their general characteristics and bioecology of each major taxon that comprise each of the seven infraorders of Heteroptera. 1.1 Introduction The true bugs (Heteroptera) constitute a very interesting widely distributed group of insects, which is greatly diversified in tropical zones. Considered the largest group of insects with incomplete metamorphosis, heteropterans have been studied on both basic and applied aspects worldwide. Along the years, several books have been published on Heteroptera, the majority on specific aspects, such as certain groups (taxa) of particular areas, and others on more general comprehensive issues. Of more broad interest, two books about the latter were published relatively recently. The first was dedicated to the c1assification and natural history of true bugs in particular, with insights on the history of the study of Heteroptera, how to collect and preserve true bugs, historical biogeogra- A.R. Panizzi (~) Laboratório de Entomologia, Embrapa Trigo, Caixa Postal 3081, Passo Fundo, RS 99001-970, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] J. Grazia Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, prédio 43435, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 3 A.R.
    [Show full text]
  • 4 Economic Value of Arthropod Biological Control
    ©CAB International – for Steven Naranjo 4 Economic Value of Arthropod Biological Control STEVEN E. NARANJO1*, GEORGE B. FRISVOLD2 AND PETER C. ELLSWORTH3 1USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA; 2Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 3Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA Integrated pest management (IPM) is the strategic control are very low, successful programmes have integration of multiple control tactics resulting in the resulted in essentially permanent pest control with amelioration of pest damage that takes into consid- very favourable economic outcomes (Cock et al., eration environmental safety, and the reduction of 2015; Naranjo et al., 2015). risk and favourable economic outcomes for growers A second approach – augmentative biological and society at large. For thousands of years, natural control – involves the initial (inoculation) or enemies of pests have been harnessed for crop pro- repeated (inundation) introduction of native or tection (Simmonds et al., 1976). Maximizing this exotic natural enemies to suppress pest populations. source of natural control is a foundational element Augmentative biological control has been widely in IPM for suppressing the growth of incipient pest and successfully deployed in many parts of the populations (Stern et al., 1959). Biological control world. It is perhaps most well known in protected has been defined as the purposeful use of natural agricultural production, particularly in Europe and enemies, such as predators, parasitoids and patho- in developing regions such as China, India and gens, to regulate another organism’s populations to Latin America (van Lenteren et al., 2017).
    [Show full text]