SRM LTD
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT ON
“GIZILDASH –CEMENT” FACTORY
I PART: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT ON “GIZILDASH-CEMENT” FACTORY
II PART: SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT ON “GIZILDASH- CEMENT” FACTORY
BAKU - 2009
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA)
CHAPTER I. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT (EIA) ON “GIZILDASH-CEMENT” FACTORY
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA)
ABBREVIATION
MTP - The best modern technologies /process
DCS - Dust of cement kiln
HCPI - Healthy Cement Production Initiative
EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment
ESIA - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
MPEPSC - Measures Plan on environmental protection and social control
EU - European Union
HIA - Health Impact Assessment
ICMNS - International Council on Mines and Natural Sources
IIED - International Institute on Environment and Development
CCP - Combat and Control with Pollution
İSO - International Standards Organization
IUCN - International Union on Conservation of Nature
NGO - Non-Governmental Organization
STR - Standard Technological Rules
CBCSD - Commonwealth Business Council on Sustainable Development
WHO - Worldwide Health Organization
WNT - Worldwide Nature Fund
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CONTENT
CHAPTER I. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT (EIA) ON “GIZILDASH- CEMENT” FACTORY...... 2 INTRODUCTION ...... 10 1. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTENDED ECONOMICAL ACTIVITIES AND ITS AIMS AND THE NEED IN SUCH WORKS ...... 13 1.0. General outline...... 13 1.1. The project site and prospecting operations...... 13 1.2. General characteristics and aims of the project ...... 13 1.3. Strategy, legal and administrative frame on environment and requirements on Environmental Impact Assessment...... 14 1.4. Laws and Conventions...... 15 1.5. Environment Protection standards on environment...... 16 1.6. Standards on environment protection of Azerbaijan...... 16 1.7. International standards on environment protection...... 18 2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 19 2.1. Volume and method of assessment...... 19 2.2. Assessment plan...... 19 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AND ITS ECOLOGICALLY MOST SENSITIVE ELEMENTS: PRIMARY CONDITIONS OF THE SITES AND SURROUNDINGS CHOSEN FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE FACTORY ...... 21 3.1. The area chosen for construction ...... 21 3.1.1. The condition of atmosphere in surrounding chosen for construction of the cement factory ....21 3.1.2. Climate and meteorology...... 21 3.1.3. Weather temperature...... 21 3.1.4. Humidity ...... 21 3.1.5. Atmosphere rainfalls...... 23 3.1.6. Cloudiness...... 25 3.1.7. Mist ...... 25 3.1.8. Thunderstorms ...... 25 3.1.9. Winds ...... 26 3.1.10. Atmosphere pollution...... 26 3.2. Geological characteristic of the region ...... 29 3.2.1. Geological structure of the region...... 29 3.2.2. Tecntonics and seismics...... 30 3.2.3. Mud volcanoes (endogenous process) ...... 34 3.2.4. Geomorphology ...... 37 3.2.5. Hydro geology...... 38 3.2.6. Characteristics of soil in the area ...... 39 3.2.7. Oil and oil products polluted lands...... 39
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...... 41 3.3. Field-research and laboratory analyze works in the area...... 42 3.3.1. Taking a samples, brief method of the analyses and achieved results...... 42 3.3.2. Short description of methods ...... 45 Analyze method ...... 45 Soil 45 Short description of the method...... 45 GOST 26423-85...... 45 Dissolved salts ...... 45 3.3.3. Soil sampling ...... 47 Cl 48 3.3.4. Air sampling and analyzes...... 49 3.3.5. The results of air sampling...... 51 3.3.6. Noise impact to environment...... 52 3.3.7. Noise sources during cement production...... 54 3.3.8. Measuring noise...... 54 3.3.9. Protected sites...... 56 3.3.10. Fauna and Flora...... 56 3.3.11. Fauna...... 57 3.3.12. Flora ...... 59 3.3.13. Cultural-historical monuments...... 62 3.3.14. Socio-economic characteristics of the region...... 64 4. PROJECT OUTLINE: CONSTRUCTION AND EXPLOITATION PROJECT OF “GIZILDASH CEMENT” FACTORY...... 67 4.1 Substantiation of selection of project area ...... 67 4.2 Works to be implemented on project ...... 67 4.2.1. Raw material area: ...... 67 4.2.2. Transportation of raw materials and fuel and their storage...... 71 4.2.3. Industrial houses and buildings...... 76 4.3 Transport supply...... 76 4.3.1. Rail way...... 76 4.3.2. Motor roads...... 76 4.3.3. Water roads...... 77 4.3.4. Fuel supply...... 77 4.3.5. Alternative fuel ...... 77 4.3.6. Water supply...... 77 4.3.7. Industrial-municipal waste waters and those used in technological process ...... 77 5 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4.4 Geological and lithological structure ...... 79 4.5 Production capacity and main productivity indicators of the plant...... 80 Production capacity (completed figures) ...... 80 General production of clinker (daily 5000 t) with 1650000 t ...... 80 Total cement production with 2000000 t ...... 80 Seasonal changes 16,5% ...... 80 Calculation parameters...... 80 Comparison between raw material additive and clinker 1.58...... 80 Comparison between clinker and cement 82%...... 80 Net GEE (General effectiveness of equipment) - stove 85%...... 80 Net preparatory indicator – kiln 90%...... 80 Energy use till clinker production and including that production...... 80 Special heat use (dry process) 745 kKal/kg clinker...... 80 Special electricity energy use 70 kVt.s/t clinker...... 80 Fuel sources and quality...... 80 Natural gas 152.7 mil Nm3/year...... 80 Alternative fuels (AYR) was not considered in the project...... 80 4.6 Technological process and equipment ...... 81 4.6.1. Current technological methods...... 81 4.7 Raw material crushing...... 83 4.7.1. Mix bed preblending and homogenizing stockpile...... 83 4.7.2. Corrective and additive unloading and crushing...... 84 4.7.3. Corrective and additive storage...... 85 4.7.4. Raw material drying and grinding ...... 86 4.7.5. Feed bins extraction ...... 86 4.7.6. Raw material transport to mill ...... 86 4.7.7. Drying ...... 87 4.7.8. Raw Material Grinding ...... 87 4.7.9. Raw mill product collection...... 87 4.7.10. Raw mill de-dusting...... 88 4.7.11. Raw meal blending and storage ...... 88 4.8 PYRO – PROCESSING...... 89 4.8.1. Kiln feed system ...... 89 4.8.2. Preheater, precalciner, bypass system, kiln & cooler...... 89 4.8.3. Preheater...... 89 4.8.4. Precalciner...... 90 4.8.5. Bypass System...... 90 4.8.6. Gas Transport System ...... 91 4.8.7. Dedusting of Kiln...... 91 4.8.8. Kiln and Kiln Firing...... 91 4.8.9. Clinker Cooler...... 92 4.8.10. Clinker transport & storage...... 93 4.8.11. Fuel station...... 94 4.8.12. Cement grinding system...... 94 4.8.13. Cement storage...... 95 4.8.14. Cement packing and despatch...... 96 4.8.15. Bag Packing (50 kg cement bag) ...... 96 4.8.16. Bulk Cement Loading (On trucks)...... 97 4.8.17. Empty bag storage...... 98 4.8.18. Quality control ...... 98 4.8.19. For chemical analysis...... 98 6 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4.8.20. For physical analysis...... 98 4.9 Quality control plan ...... 98 4.10 Codes & standard...... 100 4.11 Sampling ...... 100 4.11.1. Sample Preparation and Analyzing...... 101 4.11.2. Compressed air supply system...... 102 5. QUANTİTY OF WASTE EMİTTED TO THE ATMOSPHERE, TO HE LAND AND SİDES AND İTS İMPACT TO ENVİRONMENT...... 104 5.1.1. Calculation of harmful substances emitted to the atmosphere through the technique used during construction works...... 104 5.1.2. Calculation of harmful substances to the atmosphere while the technique is in motion...... 104 5.1.3. Calculation of harmful substances emitted to the atmosphere during explosions in quarries ..104 5.1.4. Calculation of polluted areas created by harmful substance emitted to the atmosphere ...... 104 5.2. Meteorological parameters...... 106 5.3. Impacts to atmosphere air– results and their discussions ...... 116 5.3.1. Result of modeling...... 116 УПРЗА ЭКОЛОГ, версия 2.55 ...... 116 5.3.2. Report fitting the project...... 116 5.3.3. Assessment of air pollution impact to atmosphere air ...... 123 5.3.4. Controlling gaseous emissions...... 124 5.3.5. Controlling dust emissions...... 124 5.3.6. Gaseous waste management...... 125 5.3.7. Dust waste management...... 125 5.4. Definition of the volume of solid wastes ...... 127 5.4.1. Wastes generated during construction ...... 127 5.5. Waters used for industrial-municipal and technological process...... 127 5.5.1. Water used for household-domestic and technological purposes ...... 127 5.6. Recirculation water system ...... 129 5.7. Waste and leakage impact to environment ...... 131 5.7.1. Impact on the earth’s crust...... 131 5.7.2. Impacts on surface and subsoil waters...... 131 5.7.3. Impacts on soil-vegetation covers...... 131 5.7.4. Impacts on animal kingdom...... 131 6. Mitigating measures for environmental impacts...... 132 6.1. Impact Assessment...... 132 Degree of impact...... 132 Degree of expansion...... 132 Period. 132 6.2. Possible impacts related to operations to be carried out under normal conditions and measures aimed to mitigate them...... 133 6.3. Possible impacts linked with unexpected and emergency situations...... 135 6.4. Economic impacts assessment ...... 135 6.4.1. Assessment of economic damage appearing due to pollution of the atmosphere...... 135 6.4.2. Assessment of economic damage appearing due to pollutants of water basin...... 137 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ARRANGEMENT AND CONDUCTION ...... 139 7.1. Monitoring of dust wastes...... 141 7.2. Dust collecting conveyers ...... 141 Control points...... 142 Standard additive during dangerous spped of wind...... 142 8. ARRANGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND LBAOR PROTECTION, SAFETY ENGINEERING AND FIRE SAFETY ...... 144 7 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 8.1. Fire discovering system ...... 145 Safety technique and explosion prevention...... 145 Control-measurement equipments ...... 146 General...... 146 Control over emitted dust to atmosphere ...... 146 Control over emitted gas to atmosphere ...... 146 9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXT...... 147 9.1. Consultations with interested parties and social agencies ...... 147 9.2. Advocacy of local communities...... 147 9.3. Combat pesticides...... 148 9.4. Cultural heritage...... 148 9.5. Forests ...... 148 9.6. Dam safety...... 148 9.7. Projects on international water roads...... 148 9.8. Projects in conflicting territories...... 148 9.9. Internally displacement...... 148 10. SUMMARY...... 149 10.1. Environmental impact assessment of construction and exploitation “Gizildash cement” factory ...... 149 10.2. EIA report structure ...... 149 10.3. Main results of EIA:...... 151 10.3.1. Possible impacts related to operations to be carried out under normal conditions...... 151 10.3.2. Possible impacts linked with unexpected and emergency situations...... 152 Fire discovering system ...... 152 Safety technique and explision prevention...... 152 11. LITERATURE...... 154 12. REFERENCES...... 156 Summary table of discharges - Limestone...... 160 Summary table of discharges - Clay ...... 165 1. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF WORK, AND DATA ...... 169 SIA Background...... 169 Goals and Objectives ...... 169 Scope of Work ...... 170 Review of Existing Data ...... 170 Stakeholder Interviews...... 170 İcma Fokus Qrupları ...... 170 Household Surveys ...... 170 Data Management ...... 171 Data 171 Stakeholder Database...... 171 Socio-Economic Data ...... 171 2. SIA METHODOLOGY ...... 173 2.1. Research Design...... 173 2.2. Research Methods...... 173 2.2.1. Desktop Research...... 173 2.2.2. Stakeholder Interviews...... 173 2.2.3. Community Focus Groups ...... 174 2.2.4. Household Surveys...... 174 2.3. Sample Calculation and Sampling Process for Household Surveys...... 174 2.3.1. Sample Calculation...... 174 2.3.2. Sampling Process...... 175 8 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 3. BASELINE SURVEY FINDINGS REVIEW ...... 176 3.1. Household Composition and Socio-Demographic Profile...... 176 3.2. Households Living Conditions...... 180 3.2.1. Quality of Housing...... 180 3.2.2. Power and Gas Supply...... 184 3.2.3. Water Supply and Sewerage System ...... 185 3.3. Households Income, Expenditure and Assets...... 188 3.3.1. Households’ Financial Condition...... 188 3.3.2. Income & Expenditure Structure and Assets ...... 192 3.4. Land Ownership and Production...... 194 3.5. Economic Activity...... 195 3.5.1. Employment...... 195 3.5.2. Main Problems of Job Placement ...... 197 3.6. Health...... 202 3.6.1. Assessment of General State of Health ...... 202 3.6.2. Main Problems of Health Care...... 205 3.7. Education ...... 207 3.8. Community Facilities and Infrastructure ...... 211 3.9. Community Needs and Priorities ...... 214 3.10. Social Issues and Organization ...... 218 3.11. Assessment of Environmental Condition in the Communities ...... 220 3.12. Industrial Activity and Community Relations ...... 226 3.12.1. Assessment of Awareness of Industrial Activity and Social Development Programs in the Project Area ...... 226 3.12.2. Social Expectations and Main Concerns about Gizildash Cement Plant Construction and Operation ...... 230 4. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION...... 236 4.1. Approach and Methodology...... 236 4.2. Focus Group Discussions with Community Members ...... 238 4.2.1. Brief Verbatim Report of Discussion in Sangachal Settlement...... 238 4.2.2. Brief Verbatim Report of Discussion in Umid Settlement...... 245 4.2.3. Brief Verbatim Report of Discussion in Jeyildagh Settlement...... 251 5. PUBLIC INFORMATION AND STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT...... 256 5.1. Public Information and Disclosure of Project Activities ...... 256 5.2. Stakeholder Identification and Engagement Process...... 257 5.3. Brief Review of Stakeholder Views...... 259 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 261 6.1. Conclusions...... 261 6.2. Recommendations...... 264 6.2.1. Review of Possible Impacts...... 264 6.2.2. Mitigation of Socio-Economic Impacts...... 265 6.2.3. Data Management and Reporting...... 265
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INTRODUCTION
The Law of the Azerbaijan Republic on “Environment Protection” (04.08.1999) reflects the main environmental legislation in the country. The essential aim of the law is to provide environmental safety in the spheres of the protection of environmental balance, prevent harmful impacts of industrial and other workings on natural environmental systems, preserve biological diversities and organize productive use of the nature. According to the Article 54, The Law of the Azerbaijan Republic on “Environment Protection”, it is necessary to implement EIA special program on environment protection during construction and re-construction of economical sites. The scale and level of application of such requirements depend on expected environmental outcomes. These issues are dealt with, analyzed and tabled out by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Recourses on the base of legislative acts. At the same time the special requirements of the World Bank (WB) were taken into account in the course of development of EIA project. The following 10 internal policy of WB defines the main requirements concerning crediting the projects of the Bank; 1. Environmental Assessment (OP/PB 4.01), 2. Natural habitat environment (OP/PB 4.04), 3. Combat pesticides (OP 4.09), 4. Cultural heritage (OP 4.11), 5. Internally displacement (OP/PB 4.12), 6. Local population (OP/PB 4.10), 7. Forests (OP/PB 4.36), 8. Security of dam (OP/PB 4.37), 9. Projects locate on international water roads (OP/PB 7.50) 10. Projects in conflict areas (OP/PB 7.60). Out of 5 and 6 Paragraphs were looked through in the section “Assessment of impact to social area” according to the contract. When it comes to 7, 8 and 9 Paragraphs we can say that, there are neither forest nor dam in the area of the “Gizildash cement” factory to be construced or in Garadagh region and the factory is not located on international water roads. 10-conflict areas. Legal area which is located in industry square of Garadagh region was allocated from the State for construction of the factory and it can’t cause to any argument. The remaining paragraphs are submitted in EIA project in details according to the requirements of the Republic of Azerbaijan and World Bank. 10 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Construction works of “Gizildash cement” factory are expected to be fulfilled by 2009-2011. Environmental impact assessment project of construction and exploitation of cement factory was elaborated based on the contract signed with the company. Inventory of wastes, leakages and their sources was carried out that was generated with regard to implementation of aforementioned works. Environmental Impact has to be assessed with regard to activity of the object project which is resulted with the pollution substances emitted to atmosphere, leakages emitted to water objects, harmful substances emitted to atmosphere from mobile sources (such as vehicles and other transport means), deposit of solid wastes in environment as well as the use of surface and underground waters and exploitation of some useful mineral deposits in EIA project. EIA project of construction and exploitation works of “Gizildash cement” factory was developed according to regulation on “Environmental Impact Assessment process in Azerbaijan” and covers the following areas; The whole description of the area where the construction works of “Gizildash cement” factory will be implemented, its surrounding and research of Garadagh district and industry area where the project is to be exposed based on statistic information as well as its environment. In this section: • Project-investigation and site-experiment works were carried out which is important by specially organized expedition (October and November 2009) in order to learn and forecast the impact to atmosphere, land, subsoil water and soil-vegetation covers in surrounding areas of exploitated object. The results were given with tables and diagrams. • Annual average concentration and their annual amount of harmful substances that reflect the pollution of atmosphere of the district were given with table and diagrams in details. • Polluted areas that were created by emitted harmful substances during the construction of the object and its exploitation was calculated with “Ekolog Pro” program. The pollution areas doesn’t get sanitary protection zone across regardless. • Natural-climate, relief and environmental condition of Garadagh district and Absheron peninsula is described in EIA Project. • Information on existed water sources, soil-vegetation covers and animal kingdom that are in project site are given. The sensitive elements of environment is characterized. • The characteristics of construction and exploitation works are explained, applied special technique and technological process are analyzed based on environmental aspects. Impact of the process to separate components of environment and to social-economical condition of population living in that area. The measures plan is offered when there are significant impacts in order to mitigate these impacts. 11 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) • Also the issues such as increasing local public awareness on works carried out within the framework of the project, definition of interested parties in decreasing impact to environment at the same time receive support from them in the field of decreasing environmental impact was given in the project..
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1. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTENDED ECONOMICAL ACTIVITIES AND ITS AIMS AND THE NEED IN SUCH WORKS
“Gizildash cement” factory locates in the east of Azerbaijan, south-west of Baku and 45 km distance from it, 9 km from Sangachal settlement, 10 km from the Caspian sea, 50-60 m above the sea level. The main reasons consist of the followings in which the factory offers dry process with the capacity of 5000 t clinker in a day: 1. To meet the market needs that continually increase and to solve the need for clincker import; 2. to decrease the expenses of technical service and repair as a result of simplifying the production process; 3. to improve the productive indicator of the personnel; 4. Modernising the technology in order to meet the environmental requirements and standards The information of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the client company (“NORM” MMC) was used in the period of elaboration of this project.
1.0. General outline
1.1. The project site and prospecting operations
The exploration-assessment works include south-west of Absheron peninsula, Sangachal, Umbaku, Umid settlements and their surroundings locate in administrative area of Garadagh district of Baku. The region has arid climate, soil-vegetation covers and biodiversity is very poor as a result of poor humus layer in soil covers and sharpness of natural-climate.
1.2. General characteristics and aims of the project
According to the present legislation of the Azerbaijan Republic, working out Environmental Impact Assessment Project is a legal process required in the initial period of implementation of any project bearing environmental impacts. The purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment of ore deposits exploratory works in Garadag ore-fields is to identify characteristics and riskiness degree of all potential impacts on environment and public health related to exploratory construction, economical and other activities to be carried out during the site building; to assess environmental, economic and social outcomes of the impact, and also to prevent and mitigate possible influences.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) The following objectives originate from the above-mentioned aims in the process of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): To assess existing conditions of the environment before carrying out exploratory drilling, in other words to define initial properties and parameters of the components that could be the subject of possible environmental impacts in exploratory drilling; To reveal main factors and negative impacts of exploratory drilling: pollution of the atmosphere, acoustic impacts, impact on geological environment, pollution of soil, surface and subsoil waters, general environmental impacts; • To think of recommendations and measures to confine and lessen major impacts by using new technology being able to preserve natural resources, and also using environmental protection systems.
1.3. Strategy, legal and administrative frame on environment and requirements on Environmental Impact Assessment
The Azerbaijan Republic Strategy on Environment is based on appropriate legislative acts. The Azerbaijan Republic Strategy on Environment is based on appropriate legislative acts. The main principles of EIA presently used in Azerbaijan Republic is grounded on the Law of the Azerbaijan Republic on Environment Protection passed in August,1999 and Regulations (Guidebook) on Environmental Impact Assessment Process issued within UNO Development Program in1996. The Guidebook reflects scientific expertize on environmental impacts and requirements appearing due to public consultations. The Law of the Azerbaijan Republic on “Environment Protection” (04.08.1999) reflects the main environmental legislation in the country. The essential aim of the law is to provide environmental safety in the spheres of the protection of environmental balance, to prevent harmful impacts of industrial and other workings on the natural environmental systems, to protect biological diversities and to organize productive use of the nature. According to the Article 54, The Law of the Azerbaijan Republic on “Environment Protection”, it is necessary to implement EIA special program on environment protection during construction and re-construction of economical sites. The scale and level of application of such requirements depends on expected environmental outcomes and these issues are dealt with, analyzed and tabled out by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Recourses on the base of legislative acts. It is specially mentioned that relative executive body (Ministry of Ecology and Natural Recourses) can carry out environmental impact assessment of exploration and positive comment on this matter could be accepted as an affirmative document.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Following the law, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Recourse has the right to stop and limit site operations in cases when there is danger for environment and public health as a result of site exploitation.
1.4. Laws and Conventions
Environmental Impact Assessment Project is being worked out considering requirements of Regulations on "Environmental Impact Assessment process in Azerbaijan" and the following Laws, Resolutions and normative documents: They are listed as followings: Laws: • “Environment Protection” 10.08.1999, N 678; • “Ecological Security” 08.06.1999, N677; • “Obtaining information relevant to environment” 12.03.2002, N270PQ • "Compulsory environmental insurance " 12 March 2002 • “Protection of Atmosphere” • “Production and communal wastes”; • “Law on Fisheries” 24.06.1998 N 457 – İQ; • “Especially protected natural territories and objects” 24.03. 2002, N840İQ; • “Animal Kingdom” 04.06.1999, N675 – İQ; • Radiation safety of the population” • "Protection and use of Cultural and Historical monuments”; • Passport for hazardous wastes, Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of AR 31.03.2003, 41N; • The rules on collectin, transporting and disposing of solid wastes from the settlements, Decision of CabMin of AR; • “Natural reservations of mud volcanos in Baku and Absheron peninsula”, instruction of CabMin of AR, 2008. International Conventions ratified by the Parliament (Milli Mejlis) of the Republic of Azerbaijan: • UN Convention on “Environmental Impact Assessment in transboundary context”, (Espoo, 1991) – 01.02.1999. Amendments to Convention – Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment (Espoo, 1997) – 01.02.1999 • The Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International
Lakes (Water Convention)- 18.03.2000;
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) • UN Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) – 14.03.2000; • Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus, 1998) – 09.11.1999"; • "The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal” 9 November 2000; • "The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer”, 31 May 1999; • UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), date of ratification – 10.01.1995; • International Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Paris, 1972.
1.5. Environment Protection standards on environment Re-construction works of Gizildash cement“ factory shall meet all current international standards according to the requirements of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The works related to EIA shall be implemented on the basis of the following documents. 1. Recommendations on environmental impacts by the states member of UN European Economic Commission (Collection - “Policy and systems of environmental impact assessment” - EEK UN. A series of publication. Geneva. 1991 - ¹ 4). 2. Recommendations on the methodology of forecasting environmental impacts by the states belonging to UN European Economic Commission (publication – “Methodology and ways of forecasting environmental impacts” - EEK UNO –Geneva. 15/04/1992.) 3. Activities on Environmental Impact Assessment in developing project documentation. Magazine "EE and EIA, 1996, ¹ 4. (Moscow, February, 14-16, 1995) N 1.
1.6. Standards on environment protection of Azerbaijan Standards of harmful substances on the atmosphere and water basin are displayed in the following tables:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 1.1. Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) of harmful substances on the atmosphere accepted in Azerbaijan. Maximum Permissible concentration (MPC), mq/m³ Name of substance Maximum Average In Danger class for once daily operation al zone Nitrogen 2 oxide 0.085 0.04 2.0 2 Sulphur 2 oxide 0.5 0.05 10.0 3 Carbon oxide 5 3 20.0 4 Suspensed substances 0.5 0.15 3 Cement production dust (cement, 0.3 0.1 3 ashclay, clinkcer) Cement production dust-lime, 0.5 0.15 3 whitewash, oqarka, kiln.
Tablel 1.2. maximal possible concentration of harmful substances on water basin (PT accepted in Azerbaijan). Content of Waste Waters Maximum Permissible Concentration, mg/kg
BOD5 3.0 4.25 Suspensed substances 0.05 Oil products 1.0 300 Surface active substances 100 Chlorides 0.005 6.0 Sulphates Copper Dissolved oxygen
Table 1.3. Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) of heavy metals on soils (MPC accepted in Azerbaijan). Sıra sayı Heavy metals Maximum Permissible Concentration, mg/kg 1. Copper 3.0 2. 4.0 Nickel 3. 23.0 Zinc 4. 5.0 Cobalt 5. 2.8 Floruit 6. 6.0 Chromium
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1.7. International standards on environment protection International standards which are taken into account during implementation of the project. Table 1.4. Standards of International Health Organization and European Council on quality atmosphere Name Maximum for once, μg/m3 Average annual, μg /m3 Nitrogen 2 oxide 400 40 Sulphur 2 oxide 350 50 (20)
Table 1.5. World Bank standards on limits of atmospheric emissions to the atmosphere. Harmful substances On chimneys (95% guaranteed) 3 NOx 500 mq/m 3 SO2 400 mq/m Toz 30 mq/m3 CO 500 mq/m3
Table 1.6. World Bank standards on waste water limit of electric stations
Parameters Maximal level pH 6-9 Oil 50 μg /l General residuum chlor- 10 μg /l Chromium (general) 0,2 μg q/l Copper 0,5 μg /l Iron 1,0 μg /l Zinc 1,0 μg /l Rise in temperature ≤ 30Ğç
Table 1.7. World Bank standards on the level of sound in environment. Receptor Day time Night time 07:00-22:00 22:00-07:00 Settlements, enterprises, etc. 55 45 Industry, commerce 70 70
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2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The capacity of the works, methodology and plan of assessment to be implemented in the process of EIA project for “Gizildash cement” factory project works were elaborated beforehand.
2.1. Volume and method of assessment
Upon the requirements of Environmental Impact Assessment in Azerbaijan, the following three components were used for assessment methodology to get data on the present environmental state in the territory. Physical Environment It includes comments and data on territorial climate of the site (temperature, humidity of the weather, atmospheric rainfalls), speed change depending on the direction of the wind, pollution degree of the atmosphere in the contact area, geological and hidro-geological studies of the site, tectonic shifts and seismic properties. Ecological Environment Explorations in this field include data and outline on environmental elements impact assessment, pollution degree of the sites with harmful substances and heavy metals, flora and fauna, and cultural- historic monuments in contract area as well. Socio–economic Environment They are analyzing socio-economic situation in the contract area, processing and reviewing information on settlements and number of the population in neighboring, features of the existing public structure plan, increase in population on the settlements and the main occupation of the people.
2.2. Assessment plan
• At the moment, there do not exist unique regulations and norms on EIA solution in Azerbaijan. Nevertheless, according to generally accepted rules, EIA process is born through basing systematic presentation of primary devices while working out the project. The purpose here is to minimize irresistible environmental impacts, and to absolutely undermine resistible ones. It is considered to systematically complete assessment plan through the main general principles originating from these matters: • environmental impact assessment of the exploration carried out in Garadag ore-deposits; • distinguishing main assessment criteria; • forecasting possible impact scale;
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) • impact degree assessment; • defining relative balancing measures; • extending further surveys and researches and working out monitoring programs.
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3. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AND ITS ECOLOGICALLY MOST SENSITIVE ELEMENTS: PRIMARY CONDITIONS OF THE SITES AND SURROUNDINGS CHOSEN FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE FACTORY
3.1. The area chosen for construction
The area for construction of “Gizildash cement” factory was allocated in the area of north of Sangachal terminal and 2km from it. The cement factory locates in east part of Azerbaijan, south- west of Baku city, 45 km distance from it, 9 km from Sangachal terminal and 10 km distance from the Caspian sea and primary conditions of surrounding will be analysed in the context of Absheron peninsula.
3.1.1. The condition of atmosphere in surrounding chosen for construction of the cement factory
General meteorological information map of the Republic and project implementation area was given in Figure 3.2.
3.1.2. Climate and meteorology
The meteorological information on the region was collected from the observation points close to industry area. Climate characteristics were given in tables 3.1÷3.3. Semi desert and dry field climate is observed in displayed area. This climate type is characterized with its mild winter and hot summer and annually higher temperature is observed here.
3.1.3. Weather temperature
Annual average temperature of peninsula consist of +140C, montly average temperature is 3,90C and 25,70C on July. Maximum temperatures (37-420C) are observed on August but minimum temperatures (minus 8-120C) on January.
3.1.4. Humidity
The wather humidity of peninsula is mostly directly depend on circulation process occurred in atmosphere. This is explained with cold and comparatively high humidity air mass enter to peninsula in winter months and as a result the humidity of the weather consists of 71-80 %. But in summer season, vice versa, hot and dry air mass enter and at this time the humidity of the weather decreses up to 46-66%. In comparison with summer season the humidity comparatively increases and consists of 60-75%. Annual average humidity of peninsula consists of 62-70%.
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Figure 3.1 “Gizildash cement” project location and its wider geographical complex.
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Figure 3.2. Map of general meteorological information 21 «СРМ» ЛTD
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Figure 3.2.a. Wind flower
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 3.1.5. Atmosphere rainfalls
Atmosphere rainfalls in Absheron peninsula mostly occuer when cold air mass enter and their annual average quantity consists of 250 mm. The maximum of the rainfalls (60-70%) fall on cold season of the year and their quantity consists of 144 mm but this indicator decreases up to 106 mm in hor season of the year. The maximum of rainfalls are observed on November (43 mm) and April (29 mm) in the year but the minimum in July – August (5-6 mm). As the temperature of atmosphere is comparatively higher (January +3,90C, July +25,70C) the atmosphere rainfalls occur as liquid form (yağış). But concerning the entrance of cold air mass to the peninsula the rainfalls are mostly observed as snow form and durability of snow covers lasts 8-10 days. Table Cədvəl 3.1. Coefficients that define the diffusion condition of meteorological characteristic and pollutants in atmosphere. . Title of characteristics Value 1. Coefficient A, that depend on atmosphere temperature certification 200 2. Relief coefficient of the region: P 1.0 3. Average annual atmosphere temperature in the warmest month of the year, T 28,3 0C 2,7 4. Average annual atmosphere temperature in cold month of the year, T 0C 5. Superiority direction of average annual wind, % 38 North 3 Norht-east 2 East 12 South-east 19 South 7 South-west 2 West 17 North-west 7 6. Ştil 14 7. Average annual speed of wind m/second being 5% repetition of increase, 28 8. Number of foggy days 55 days 9. Number of windless days -15% 52% 10. Inversion: earth’s surface – 40%, altitude 247 mm 11. Quantity of average annual rainfalls
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 3.2. Temperature and humidity of weather, quantity of rainfalls Months Temperature, oC Rainfalls, mm Humidity, % (Baku) (Baku) (Pirallahi) January 3,5 17 78 February 4,0 13 78 March 6,5 16 77 April 11,0 16 69 May 18,0 8 64 June 22,6 6 57 July 25,5 3 58 August 25,8 5 63 September 21,5 9 63 October 16,8 24 74 November 11,0 24 77 December 6,5 17 76 Annual 14,4 158 70
Table 3.3. Change speed due to wind directions Küləyin istiqaməti Wind speed, m/sec Period, % 0-1 5 North 2-5 8 6-10 9 11-15 4 More than 15 3 0-1 2 2-5 3 North-East 6-10 slight 11-15 1 more than 15 slight 0-1 3 East 2-5 3 6-10 1 11-15 slight more than 15 slight 0-1 3 2-5 4 South-East 6-10 1 11-15 slight more than 15 slight 0-1 5 2-5 6 South 6-10 6 11-15 2
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Annual atmosphere rainfalls consist of 86% rainfalls, 8% mixed rainfalls (sleet) and 6% snow in peninsula.
3.1.6. Cloudiness
Frontal and circulation process and orographic characteristics of the mentioned region influence to formation of cloudiness in Absheron peninsula. Open and cloudless weather occur often in Absheron region with regard to superiority of anti- cyclonic process over the peninsula during the year. It consists of 45-80% təşkil edir.
And cloudiness are repeated more often in cold season of the year of which consists of 50-75%.
3.1.7. Mist
Mists are mostly consisted of condensation products that collected in air mass and their existence decreases horizon view up to 1 km. Mists are mostly observed from October till April and their maximum from February till March (22 days). Mists are mostly observed in coastal sea stripe and their duration usually lasts for 10-12 hours.
3.1.8. Thunderstorms
The most complicated and dangerous atmosphere phenomenon are thunderstorm of which heavy rainfalls and strong winds are observed when they occur and sometimes it hails. 25 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Thunderstorms are mostly observed in warm months of the year and their repetition occur on May-August. The number of thunderstorm days consist of 5 days and maximum 19 days in a year.
3.1.9. Winds
Wind is one of the climate factors that strongly impact to atmosphere process and environment. North winds (38%) are mostly consist of superiority in Absheron peninsula, the repetiotion of south- west winds are comparatively little and consist of 19% and 17%. The repetition of other directed winds are lesser. Continuation of north winds consists of 35%, north-west winds 20% and south 21% in cold season of a year. And in warm season only the north winds continuation increases a little and consists of 42 %.
The winds with the speed of 5 m/sec (40%) and 6-9 m/sec (30%) consists of superiority in a year in the region of peninsula and indicator of the winds with the speed of 15 m/sec consists of 20%. With all abovementioned it should also noted that, 20-25 m/sec winds for 20-25 days and 30 m/sec for 3-6 days blow in a year. Often repeated fyon (from the sea) winds with the speed of 15-20% are observed in a year in winter and spring seasons of which in its turn causes to imperative increase of atmosphere temperature in the peninsula.
3.1.10. Atmosphere pollution
Parennial observation materials were developed statistically which was carried out in observation points of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources located in Absheron peninsula in order to define the pollution of atmosphere that surround the EIA and was submitted in a form of table. The analyses in comparison with statistics information of the country and Baku city was given in the same table in order to create an idea on atmosphere pollution of Baku city and in its surrounding regions.
Atmosphere of Absheron peninsula is mostly polluted with harmful substances of oil-gas production, oil-refinery, power engineering, enginnering industry and other industrial institutions and transport means.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) The dynamics of harmful substances emitted to atmosphere for the last 7 years was given in Table 3.4.and 3.5. Table 3.4. Emission of pollutant substances to atmosphere from stationary souces of Garadagh region – thousand ton. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Azerbaijan Republic 515.4 577.1 217.4 425.9 539.8 557.9 344.2 385.9 Baku city 333.8 306.8 110.3 331.4 417.3 464.6 271.9 299.4 Garadagh region 22.8 30.6 28.1 32.5 25.9 30.9 32.4 36.4
As it seems from the Table the quantity of harmful substances emitted to atmosphere decreases up to 299.4 ton beginning from 2000 year till 2007 year. Azizbekov region is the first but Garadagh region is the second (36.4 thousand ton) according to the quantity of emitted harmful substances to atmosphere. 385.9 thousand ton harmful substances was emitted in the Republic in 2007 of which 79% fall to the share of Baku city. Table 3.5. Emitted pollutant substances to atmosphere from stationary sources in 2007, ton
At the same time Through Emitted to Solid Gaseous- Onlardan: economical and atmosphere substances type and (SO2) (CO) (NOx) Carbo administrative liquid hydroge regions substances n
Through Republic 385948,4 28464,9 357483,5 9226,9 25252,7 23142,4 289524,1 Baku city 299429,7 14520,8 284908,9 2034,3 6936,4 4389,4 263704,8
Garadagh region 36449,4 11606,7 24842,7 377,9 933,2 1343,1 22159,0
14.5 thousand ton dust, 2.03 sulphur anhydride, 4.39 thousand tone nitrogen 4 oxide and 263.7 thousand ton hydrocarbon emitted thorugh Baku city in 2007. 80% of emitted dust (11.6 thousand tone) falls to the share of Garadagh region. Annual average and maximal concentrations of harmful substances emitted to atmosphere for the last 7 years (in 1999-2005) was displayed in Table 3.6.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 3.6. Atmosphere pollution on years in Baku city, μg /m3. Cogulation Dust Sulphur Carbon Nitrogen Furfural Smoke Hydrocar indices anhydrid oxide oxides bon MPC, Average 0.15 0.05 3 0.04 0.05 0.05 - μg /m3 Maximum 0.50 0.50 5 0.085 0.05 0.15 1.0 1999 Average 0.1 0.055 1 0.07 0.05 0.04 6 0.4 0.11 13 0.17 0.19 0.42 15 2000 Maximum 0 0.068 1 0.07 0.05 0.04 7 0.4 0.137 4 0.20 0.16 0.43 16 2001 Average 0.1 0.063 1 0.07 0.05 0.04 6 1.0 0.163 2 0.17 0.13 0.32 15 2002 Maximum 0.1 0.062 3 0.06 0.05 0.02 6 0.7 0.102 18 0.16 0.11 0.31 14 2003 Average 0.1 0.062 3 0.06 0.04 0.02 6 0.7 0.104 21 0.14 0.12 0.21 16 2004 Maximum 0.1 0.064 2 0.06 0.04 0.02 7 0.6 0.105 20 0.13 0.13 0.41 13 2005 Average 0.1 0.064 2 0.06 0.04 0.02 7 0.6 0.105 20 0.13 0.13 0.41 13
Average cogulation of harmful substances is within norm maximum but maximum cogulation was above norm in Baku city for 1999-2005 years. Table 3.7. Background cogulation of atmosphere in N 39 observation point of Baku city (μg /m3). Information of National Monitoring department of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resouces for 2000-2005 years
Points Disasters North East South West MPCannual o N 39 μg /m3 Dust 0.175 0.456 0.310 0.458 0.339 0.15 NO2 0.232 0.242 0.198 0.243 0.233 0.040 H2S 0.0139 0.0153 0.0144 0.0145 0.0164 0.008 Formaldehid 0.0177 0.0179 0.0152 0.0185 0.0146 0.003
Absheron peninsula belongs to the zones with more advantageous atmosphere according to dissemination of substances through regions. But despite the important industrial objects and transport means always keep pollution degree in high level. The highest consentrations of harmful substances in atmosphere of the peninsula is observed in unfavaourable meteorological condition period (June-September). This time inversion and windless process often repeated in surface layer of atmosphere of which directly create a condition for concentration of chemical compounds in surface air mass.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) The quantity of sulphur 2-oxide consisted of 0.163 μg /m3, nitrogen 2-oxide 0.20 μg /m3, carbon oxide -21 μg /m3, furfurol 0.19 μg /m3 and dust 1.0 μg /m3 in air of peninsula on June-September and their concentrations pass the relevant norm up to 2-4 time. The results of conducted observations show that, the quantity of some harmful substances is higher in the western part of the peninsula (Baku and Sumgayit) and pass the fixed norm from 10% to 4 times. But, in the east this indicator decreases up to 2-3 times and hesitates around sanitary norm. The impact of oil-gas production, oil-chemical, power engineering, engineering industry and other industrial institutions keep the concentrations of hydrocarbons and sulphur dioxide in high level as their division takes a lot of time of which create a condition to pass the sanitary norms 3-5 times in high level in south and east parts of Absheron peninsula.
3.2. Geological characteristic of the region
3.2.1. Geological structure of the region
In geological formation of the region aged sediments participate beginning from Eosend to modern age. New Caspian. Sea sediments of coastal line, sand, clayey sands, gravels. Thickness – 10 m.
Minerals The following mineral deposits are known in described territory: 9 2 big (Guzdek, Tapdig), 5 moderate (Gazanag, Kulekburnu, Sothern Gulbakht, Western Garadagh, Sahil), 3 little (Plato, Cukhur-Agil, Bakı ear) volumed saw rock; 9 1 big (Gulbakht) and 1 little (Gizil gaya) volume outer covering rock; 9 2 big (Garadagh 1 və 2) limestone for cement production; 9 2 big (Garadagh 1 və 2) clay for cement production; 9 1 (Deveboynu) clay for tile and brick production; 9 1 (Hokmali-Sulutepe) quartz sand deposits for glass production and abovementioned minerals as well as several manifestations of oil.
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3.2.2. Tecntonics and seismics
Absheron peninsula is characterized with its quite complicated geological structure and tectonics condition. It is located at south-east swamp of Greater Caucasus giant megestructure and in crossing of the Caspian sea tectonics pit. Such situation occurred not only in geological-tectonics and geomorpholocial terms of the peninsula and adjacent defined area of water of the Caspian sea at the same time in the higher seismic active of the region. In order to define the seismic condition forecasting of oscillation with criterion of the characteristics of tectonic condition, engineering-geolocial, hydrogeological, geomorphological etc. must be given. Absheron peninsula is a giant tectonic block according to its Mesozoic foundation and is characterized with intensivity of neotectonic process. It is therefore, several earthquake sources were defined with regard to the most intensive neotectonic terms in its adjacent defined area of water of the Caspian sea. The seismics vibration of earthquake sources of Absheron peninsula is connected with the main caharacteristics of the new and modern tectonic motion. According to the results of carried out researches the depth of the local earthquake sources is 5 km. That means, the earthquake sources was located at top layers of miotsen layer that was placed intensively. The surface cracks here are so quite active that is confirmed with regularly erupted mud volcanos. The researches of ground waters indicate that, the subsoil water is developed in Absheron peninsula and is almost met in all stragraphic rock complex. The slope depth of subsoil water is changed in between some decimeter and tens of metre interval. It was also defined that, the local earthquake sources was mostly located in the layer of plastic (clayed) ground rocks. When investigating the repeatition graphic of occurred earthquakes it becomes clear that, the repeatition of weak earthquakes (k<10) is unequal according to average estimation and these play no role in occurring of strong seismic incidents (k>14) at the same time in forecasting of occurring of these incidents. 3 seismic sources with weak activity was discovered by Malinovski in Absheron peninsula. These are Mastagha, Surakhani amd Bayil earthquake hotbeds.
The chronology of registered seismic (b0=5-6 points) in Absheron peninsula is as following: - Mastagha earthquake (02.01.1842),
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) - Baku earthquake (06.06.1910), - Baku earthquake (31.03.1935), - Baku earthquake (08.04.1935), - Baku earthquake (24.07.1935), - Baku earthquake (07.08.1937), - Baku earthquake (23.02.1938), - South-Absheron earthquake (04.11.1969).
The most intensive local earthquakes were Mastagha earthquake source (b0=8 points) and the
Caspian sea earthquake source (b0 = 7-8 points) located in north direction 50-60 km from coastal stripe. The chronology of quite intensive the Caspian sea earthquakes in Absheron peninsula is as following: 18.09.1961, 06.03.1986, 16.09.1989 and 25.11.2000 (figure 3.2.).
Figure 3.3. The epicenter of Mastagha earthquakes and chronology of the Caspian sea earthquakes 5 supposed earthquake sources (SES) were defined on the basis of analyses of seismic of Absheron peninsula the (figure 3.3.):
• Makhachgala–Krasnovodsk, • Great–Caucasus, • Vandam,
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) • Acıchay–Alat, • West-Caspian
Figure 3.4. The scheme of Absheron peninsula SES Different intensivity earthquakes depending on magnitude (M), the depth of source (H), epicentral distance (D), intensity (J) as well as seismic extinguished coefficient in these zones have always been felt and will be felt in Absheron peninsula. Makhachgala-Krasnovodsk SES zone is closely connected with the strong devastating earthquakes occurred in Turkmenbashi (Mmax = 7-8: b0 = 9-11 points) and Darband (Mmax= 6-6.5: b0=8-9 points) cities. The depth of these earthquakes was H=100-135 m. These earthquakes was registered as 6 point intensity in the territory of Absheron peninsula.
Great Caucasus SES zone is related with Mmax = 7 maximum magnituted and b0 = 9–10 point intensity earthquakes. The depth of these earthquake sources consisted of H = 10-40 km. These earthquakes was registered as 7 point intensity in the territory of Absheron peninsula.
Vandam SES zone has Mmax= 6–7 maximum magnitude and b0 = 9–10 point intensivity and the depth of source was 15-20 km. these earthquakes occurred in Samakhi epicntral zones in 1667, 1669, 1671, 1845, 1856, 1869, and in 1902. These earthquakes was registered as 6-7 points intensity in the territory of Absheron peninsula. 32 «СРМ» ЛTD
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Acichay-Alat SES zone has Mmax=5 maximum magnitude and b0=point intensity and the depth of source was 20 km. these earthquakes occurred in 1828 and 1955. These earthquakes was registered as 4-5 points intensity in the territory of Absheron peninsula. West-Caspian SES zone is connected with Sighirli (1965) and Sabirabad (1965-1970) weak intensity (Mmax= 4-5: b0 = 5-6 point), earthquakes. The depth of these earthquakes was H=20–25 km. These earthquakes was registered as 4 point intensity in the territory of Absheron peninsula. As it seems from the figure 8 point intensity earthquake occurred only in Mastagha and the seismic of Absheron peninsula is not more than 7 point. So, primary seismic of Absheron peninsula shall be taken like 7 points as according to SniP-7-81 normative document that is in force in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In other hand the seismics of this part was assessed as 81 but remained areas as 82 point as ground water and closeness of ground rocks to the earth surface which create a condition to earthquakes across northern sea coastal stripe of Absheron peninsula and landslides. 1 and 2 indices here show the probablity of 8 point earthquakes once in 100 and 1000 years.
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3.2.3. Mud volcanoes (endogenous process)
Surrounds Shamakha –Gobustan province and great part of Greater Cucasus south-east zone and from geomorphological point of view are divided into North, Central, South and Samakhi zones. Gizildash cement plan mostly surrounds the south-west zone of Absheron peninsula and this territory is caharcterized by its widely developed mud volcanoes formed as section cone. Tens of active mud volcanoes exist in these zones but we will display 6 of them that is close to project zone and located nearby: • Durandag, • Gotur, • Toraghay, • Utelgi, • Chapilmish, • Agzhikhazri, Information on 6 mud volcanoes that is close to project site was given in the report of Mud volcanoes division of Geological institute of Azerbaijan National Academy Sciences in the following. 1. Durandag mud volcanoe is one of the greatest volcanoes that located south-west part of Gobustan. Absolute height is 301.9 m. Its strongest eruption occurred in 1960, 2110 and 2004 . The eruption started with huge explosion and a huge flame started coming from the hillside high-about 200-250 meters high, half-liquid and breccia (included different aged and typed rocks of mud volcanoes) directed from deep crater the to east and south-east and always repulsed the approximately 1 km territory. The volume of breccia that the erupted volcano extracte to surface is calculated as 630, 700 və 400 thousand m3. Volcanoe mud covered 21-30 ha territory with thickness of 2-3 m. Retail radial and concentric cracks arose around crate. The crack was followed up to 25 km in south-west direction across its south slope after volcanoe erupted in 2001. The width of crack was 0.5-1.5, depth 5-6. 2. Gotur mud vulcanoe. Is one of the biggest in southern Gobustan. Its height is 153 m. the first erupted in 1989. Three volcanoes erupted in XXI century (2001, 2004 and 2005). The eruption of 2001 was weak. Extracted breccias covered 1.2 ha territory in the volume of 14.6 thousand m3 and 1.2 m round thick. Volcanoe is consisted of several hills. Multinumbered gryphon is in operation – extracts gas, pure mud and oil. Strong eruptions occurred in 2004 and 2005. The volume of extracted brecceia to surface is 235 thousand m3 and covering is 11 ha.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 3. Toraghay mud volcanoe. Is one of fantastic volcanoe of south Gobustan. Breccias covering covers 753 ha territory. It was erupted 8 time in the period of 165 years (1841, 1901, 1924, 1932, 1947, 1950, 1985 and 1988). The strongest eruption occureed in 1924, 1932, 1947 and 1950. The eruption was observed with huge explosion and a huge flame started coming from the hillside and breccias that extracted from depth covered 12.4 ha territory in 1924. It repeatedly erupted on 21 April 1923. And the eruption occurred on November 1947 the height of flame was 500 m and the thickness of brecci was 2.5 m, great cracks appeared in the east part of the crater. The one that erupted in 1950 was characterized with ignition of gas leakage and finally the volcanoe that erupted in 1985 breccia emission covered 4.5 ha of territory.
Figure 3.5. Toraghay Mud Volcanoe
4. Utelgi mud vulcanoe. Is located at 12 km north-west from Sangachal railway station in Gobustan. This is a great volcanoe and consisted of several group of active gryphon and hills. One of them is located at south-west of the vulcanoe, another group 500-600 m from it in north-west and finally the third group in north-east direction 200-250 m from the second one. Noted microfroms extract gas, mud and some of it oil emulsion. The general volume of breccias in location of volcanoe is 609 mln.m3 and diffusion area is 609 ha. The thickness of breccias is 100 m.
Figure 3.6. Utelgi mud volcanoe
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 5. Chapilmish mud volcanoe. Is great volcanoe, absolute height is 263 m, relative height is 140 m from the earth surface. The first eruption started with explosion and flame in 1929. The later eruptions were registered in 1933, a984 and 2001. The strongest eruption occurred in 1933. The breccias emitted from the volcanoe with the volume of 2.5 mln. m3 covered 750 ha of territory. The volcanoe mud with thickness of one metre created a great flow in south-east slope. The eruption occurred in 2001 caused to emission 324 min m3 of volcanoe breccias and 21.6 ha of crater territory was covered with eruption product.
Figure 3.7. Active mud volcanoe (mud flow)
Aghziperi mud volcanoe. Its height is 118 m. No eruptions registered and gas, water, mud and in some places oil extracted gryphon and hills is observed. The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan has approved the instructions on Protection of Mud volcanoes in 2008.
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The project zone that is located at Garadagh region in Absheron peninsula and is characterized with weakly smashed relief. The large relief of the region being the product of tectonic motion complicated from the impact of ekzogenous relief formed process and caused to formation of new forms on the earths surface. Sea terrace, ravines without streams and gorges are included into this area which is typical for this area. South-west Absheron has low mountainous inversion relief. Positive relief forms are appeared to be like trough plateaus and curved anticline shields surrounded them. South precipice slope of Baku plateau surround plains in an altitude of 130-140 m. The mud volcanoes complicate the relief in plain part. The investigated area has a plain tectonics origin of relief and smooth surface. It is therefore the relief of this area has hilly-low-land characteristics. The main features of these morph structures are the development of aforementioned mud volcanoes here. Landscape, especially the soil covering belongs to typical semi-desert type and inclined to desertification which is characteristic for south-west Caucasus. Anticline divisions parts are mostly consist of superiority on grey soils – wormwood semi-desert landscapes. The low-lands located in between anticline divisions are consisted of salt-ridden lands, salt lakes and in some cases characterized for non development of soil-vegetation covers. According to pollution degree most of lakes are landscape unit that is full with lifeless, oily water. Girmizhigol which is located at the east of the area is the most polluted one according to its pollution degree. The bottom of the lake is consisted of lifeless landscapes covered with silt layer in most places with regard to draining its territory. The soil cover doesn’t develop. Light-grey, grey and grey-brown soils are mostly developed in the area. Light-grey soils are mostly connected with being light colored surface horizon, difficult understanding of soil layers, its mixture with animal manure, fertility with salts and gyps. The quantity of humus is consisted of 1-2%. Gyps are consisted of superiority in mechanical structure in B horizon. Saline lands is distinguished for their light color, sensitiveness and 2-10 cm thickness of empty A horizon skeleton. Humus horizon covers the part of 20-5 cm thickness. The quantity of humus is not more than 1 %.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Saline lands are divided into sulfate (chlorine 10% less), chlorine (chlorine 40% more) and chlorine sulfate (chlorine 1025%) types for their chemical structure. Salt-ridden lands are divided into oedema, wet and wave-like types according to their morphology. The quantity of salts becomes salt-ridden lands after reaching to 2-3%. The main environmental tension of the area is related with expansion of speed increase of housing unit without planning and establishment of new massif. From this point of view the biggest environmental tension is observed in territories of Sahil, sangachal, Shikhov, Lok-Batan housing units. The main issue in these areas is to observe the norms of environmental load in arid dry hot climate atmosphere in Absheron.
3.2.5. Hydro geology
Absheron peninsula from the point of orthographical view surrounded with the Caspian sea from the east that continues from Greater Caucasus south-west. The western part of the peninsula is surrounded with mountain, east part with oval altitudes and hills, as well as fits to comparatively smooth relief. Hydrographic network of the peninsula has a weak development and consists of flows of Pirsaat river. This area is rich with salty lake lets of which Girmizi gol and Hoca-Hasan lakes are the biggest ones. Atmosphere rainfalls are nutrition source of aforementioned lakes. Nutrition with ground waters (grunt) consist of minority. But oily waste water plays a big role and this causes to change of lake regime. According to fund information the general minerals degree in lakes is 10-100 g/l. Sandy and clayey rocks are mostly widely spread in Absheron peninsula. In this regard ground waters were mostly discovered in fourth age sandy deposits. Majority of this water are waste and oil- field one and found in 0.4-2.5 m depth. Water basin layer are consisted of productive layer aged clays. The level around Hoca-Hesen lake is changed in between 0.4-2.55 m and especially consisted of artificially formed waters and is characterized as agricultural-faecal. During the carried out investigations whole oil production polluted grunts, and oily waters were discovered as big part was covered with layer water with regard to oil production. As a whole the aforementioned waters are mineral waters that exposed to oil-field waters. The dig wells around Girmizi gol and Hoca-Hesen lakes smell of oil and sewer and the dig wells around field zone smell of oil, sulfur is felt. Also domestic waste water flow of private houses built around was discovered during excavation works in these areas. Thereby the attention shall be paid at impacts of ekzogenous process and anthropogenic originated wastes. Because big pollution source was created due to infinitely emitted oil-field water and domestic water to the territory of the lake.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 3.2.6. Characteristics of soil in the area
The soil of the area is desert-light grey and the main soil type is grey-brown. These soils are rich of lime and less developed. This is characterized with impact of rocks and climate to them. Different soil types are formed in different areas depending on mother layer and climate. Water, air, climate, and physiological factors and live organisms impact to origin of soil. The soils of this area differ from the ones of another desert. The dry climate here and strong winds from the sea dries the surface layer of soil and origin desert and semi-desert which weakens soil emergency process. The main soil type of the area are light-brown and brown in mountainous zone, light-grey at the foot of mountain and salty and salty grey-light grey in desert zone. According mechanical composition these soils are changed in between sands and heavy clay. And the quantity of humus is not than 2 %. The minority of humus and majority of sand pieces in its composition cause to weak and less glue. The grey-brown soils coagulation is changed in between 20-100 cm. These soils are weak and the quantity of humus is decreased across the profile. Salt-ridden soils are met in grey-brown soils. In this case the crusts in 2-3 cm thickness are formed and consist of salt up to 14%. These crusted salient salt- ridden soils are developed in low-land of relief. That means the salt products come out to surface of lands form new salt-ridden soils. The surface layer of soil that is the most productive layer is disintegrated due to impact of water and wind. That means exposed to erosion. Wind erosion is most characteristic in the area. Annual blowing winds and cyclones winnow the surface layer of soil. This kind of erosion may occur at any part of a year. Wind erosion proceed weakly during humidity period of soils. Thereby lands are mostly exposed to wind erosion. At the same time land pollution with industrial and domestic wastes create a big problems. So, polluted lands are consisted of definite part of the area which is poor and has a less fertility.
3.2.7. Oil and oil products polluted lands.
Oil polluted areas are divided into following kinds based on current classification schemes and nomenclature that was published in scientific literature of oil polluted areas:
1. Mazut polluted (bitumen) lands, 2. Local oil polluted lands, 3. Construction well solution (sludge) polluted areas, 4. Oil-field and waste water polluted land, 5. Polluted areas of oil production assistance objects,
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 6. Domestic and industrial waste polluted areas. The map-scheme that reflect oil-oil production polluted areas of Absheron peninsula is displayed in figure 3.8.
Figure 3.8 . Schematic description of oil polluted lands (primary information was defined from Geography institute of Az. National Academy of Sciences) 1-Pirsaat, 2-Dashgil, 3-Duvannı, 4-Kenizdagh, 5-Umbakı, 6-Garadagh, 7-Kerkez-Giziltepe, 8- Shongar, 9-Puta-Gushkhana, 10-Lokbatan, 11-Bibiheybat, 12-Atasgah-Shubanu, 13-Sulutepe, 14- Keceldagh-Zigilpiri, 15-Binegedi, 16-Kirmaku, 17-Balakhani-Sabunchu-Romanı, 18-Surakhani, 19- Garachukhur-Zıgh, 20-Hovsan, 21-Gala, 22-Buzovna-Mastagha, 23-Zire.
As it may seem from the figure the polluted areas mostly cover old oil-gas beds located in Balakhani, Surakhani, Bibi-heybet, Garadagh, Binagadi etc. regions of Absheron. Application of primitive technologies and not taking into account the environmental issues caused to pollution of land and water with oil during implemented industrial process and even exposed to degradation for diverse levels. Short summary of literature materials that characterizes oil pollution of Absheron peninsula is displayed in Table 3.8.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 3.8. Information of oil polluted lands in Absheron peninsula Pollution level Polluted area, ha Depth, cm Region Bituminous area 900 Up to 500 Boyuk Shor, Balakhani, Bibi-heybat, Surakhani, Binagadi Oil spilled area 4960 200-300 Boyuk Shor, Balakhani, Bibi-heybat, Surakhani, Binagadi Heavy pollution 3300 50 Boyuk Shor, Balakhani, Bibi-heybat, Surakhani, Binagadi Average pollution 2000 25 Boyuk Shor, Balakhani, Bibi-heybat, Surakhani, Binagadi Poor pollution 900 Superficial Buzovna, Biladjari, Garadagh Very poor pollution 3000 Superficial All regions related to oil industry
There are more than 10000 ha of oil polluted areas from 1-2% to 50 % and lesser 5000 ha of poor and very poor polluted areas. Average technological pressure module of oil reaches to 40 ton/km2. But it is not possible to consider this information as exact and last one these figures and table 3.1. In general 130 ha of area was polluted with industrial and domestic wastes, 3000 ha of land area was polluted with oil, 730 ha of area turned into swamp, 1100-1200 ha of area was remained under artificial lakelets due to human activity (with regard to development of oil industry).
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Figure 3.9. Environmental map of Garadagh region. In order to restore natural landscape and improve environmental condition in Garadagh region where the environmental balance disordered the implementation of works such as abolishment of domestic waste landfills that illegally operate here, drying swamped areas and artificial lakelets that formed by layer waters, recultivation of oil polluted areas and the main one expanding photometric measures, strengthening the establishment of new forest massif are considered. The objects such as Sahil, Lok-batan, Sangachal, Sikhov settlements and lakelets located in these areas belong to the areas that are in need of rehabilitation. The implementation of the works such as drying lakes located at this area, cleaning the surface of dried lake areas polluted with oil and with other products, technical and environmental recultivation of the areas for recultivation and sanitation of this area are considered.
3.3. Field-research and laboratory analyze works in the area.
3.3.1. Taking a samples, brief method of the analyses and achieved results
The ingredients of carried out analyses were selected taking into account the characteristics of the cement plant. Acidness (pH) of water solution of land is integral indicator of its characteristics. The prescription of sulphates, chlorine and salt dissolvement quantity is essential for monitoring of product activity in future. Soil samplings were taken from 20 cm depth. And this gives an opportunity to characterize the present pollution degree. Heavy metals were selected taking into account the product characteristics and their toxic degree. Sample taking stations is schematically given in Figure 3.10.
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Figure 3.10. Sample taking stations Sample taking coordinates, meteorological condition, radiation background and sound measures results were given in the following tables: Table 3.9. The coordinates of sample taking stations Stations Coordinates St 1 36.8145 44.56349 St 2 36.8334 44.55884 St 3 36.8123 44.56691 St 4 36.7558 44.56719 Fon 36.8945 44.56638
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A B
C D Figure 3.1.1. (A, B, C, D) General overview of sampling fields
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3.3.2. Short description of methods
Table 3.10. Short description of methods
Analyze method Soil Short description of the method
GOST 26426-85 SO4 Water solution of taken soil samples was prepared primarily using GOST 26423-85 methods. Afterwards the samples were filtered. Sulfate ions are precipitated with chloride solution like barium sulfate. The chlorine ions are burnt after washed and the weight of barium sulfate is found.
GOST 26424-85 CO3 Water solution of samples are prepared with GOST26423-85 method. Carbonate in solution is defined with the help of phenolphthalein and methylorange indicators with titrimetric method. Titration is made of 0.01N sulfate acid.
GOST 26424-85 HCO3 Water solution of soil samples was prepared with
GOST26423-85 method. Hydro carbonate is defined with the help of phenolphthalein and methylorange indicators with titrimetric method. Titration is made of 0.01N sulfate acid. GOST 26425-85 Cl Water solution of samples are prepared with GOST26423-85 method. Natrium chromate is used as an indicator for find the chlorine fulcrum with argentums nitrate solution in neutral or weak alkali medium. Chlorides are titrated with argentums nitrate. GOST 26423-85 pH Soil samples are dissolved in distilled water and solution is defined with pH-ı pH meter. Water solution of samples was prepared with GOST 26423-85 Dissolved GOST 26423-85 method. Dissolved residuum that filtrated salts is called as dry residuum. Is dried up to 105ºC until it comes to stable weight. EPA SW 846 Method Soil samples are dissolved with Char vodka in nitrogen
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 3050 Heavy and chlorine. Heavy metals are defined with atom metlas absorption spectrometer (variant 240FS) in filtrated part of extract.
EPA 9071A Oils and Soil sample is placed Sokslet equipment and is extracted fats via determinants. The determinant is evaporated and the quantity of oils and fats is defined via analytic scale.
ASTM D4373-96 The sample is treated via hydrogen chloride. It is titrated CaCO3 via natrium hydroxide and the quantity of calcium
carbonate is calculated.
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3.3.3. Soil sampling
Soil samples were taken based on GOST 17.4.3.01-83. First by means of GPS coordinates of points from which samples have been taken have been defined. After that from these coordinate soil samples have been taken from 20 cm depth. The taken samples were putting in a polyethylene neutral package and are transported in laboratory.
A B
C D Figure 3.12. ( A, B, C, D) Soil sampling
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 3.11. Results of soil sampling: Station 1 2 3 4 Background Depth 20cm 20cm 20 cm 20 cm 20 cm
Field# 570 554 564 551 556 Analyzes Unit mmol 14.14 1.14 <1 11.8 13.4 SO4 100g
Dissolved salts % 1.5 1.5 1 3.1 2 mmol 2.4 34.6 10.8 1.8 8.4 Cl 100g mmol CO3 100g <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 mmol 3.5 2.75 2.5 2.5 2.5 HCO3 100g pH 7.46 7.35 7.45 7.32 7.30 CaCO3 % 31.75 31.25 34 31 32.25 As mg/kg 8.7 8 9.5 9 7 Cd mg/kg <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 Pb mg/kg 10 14 9 12 11 Cu mg/kg 38 27 39 43 22 Zn mg/kg 230 131 157 162 128 Fe mg/kg 38 26 25.5 28 24 Ba mg/kg 95 137 131 133 129 Oils and fats mg/kg <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 TPH mg/kg <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 Humus % 4.4 3.1 4.1 4.6 1.5
As it may seen from the first table the rate of pH is changed in between 7.3-7.46. the quantity of sulfates are more in surface than in depth in most samples. The quantity of CaCO3- reaches to maximum limit in samples taken from the third station. And this proves the area pollution with lime stone. Different change of lime stone in accordance with the depth shows that the pollution difference in stations differs in different years. It should be noted that, CaCO3 is tanned in chloride acid.
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3.3.4. Air sampling and analyzes.
Local measures from SRM had been carried out during implementation of EIA for Gizildash cement factory in order to define the basis level of atmosphere quality in 2009. The main potential pollutants of atmosphere are solid fractions and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) related to cement production. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), organic combinations and heavy metals assume less importance. Short term samples were taken from three sampling points and solid fractions were analyzed for
(BH), NOx, SO2 and CO.
Coordinates of air sampling were defined by means of GPS. Air samples CO, NOx, SO2, O2 with the help of Baharach PGA2 equipment was used for analyzing the aforementioned gas during field works. Then the air was loaded into oxygen cylinder with the help of pumps that works without oil and then transported to laboratory. Noise, radiation background, dust, temperature and the speed of wind was measured with the help of portable equipments.
Table 3.12. The results of air sampling
St № Date Time Radiat Dp Speed Tempe Nox SO2 O2 CO Toz ion of rature mg/m³ % mg/m³ mg/m³ backgr wind Cº mg/m³ ound m/s mkr\h our St 1 22.10.0 13:35 12 68.4 8.09 24.5 <0,02 <0,02 20.9 <1 0.8 9 St 2 22.10.0 14:10 12 54.1 8.23 24.5 <0,02 <0,02 20.9 <1 1.2 9 St 4 22.10.0 12:15 12 64.4 9.04 22.2 <0,02 <0,02 20.9 <1 0.6 9
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Air sampling. Measuring CO,NOx,S02,O2 gas in air
Measuring radiation background Noise measuring
Measuring wind speed Measuring wind speed
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3.3.5. The results of air sampling
Short term samples were taken from the experiment place in 2009 and were analyzed for solid fractions NOx, SO2 and CO. The results were given in Table 3.12. the quality of atmosphere air was calculated by taking short term local samples on behalf of Gizildash cement plant. The calculations were conducted in 22.10.2009. As it may seen from the aforementioned table the wind speed is 8-9 m/sec, the direction is north, north west, and the temperature is 22.4–24.5 C0, NOx–0.015 mg/m³ from harmful substances, SO2 – 0.012 mg/m3, and CO was 0.8 mg/m3. The concentration of harmful gas is 7- 10 time lesser than relevant MPC. The concentration of dust is 0.6–1.2 mg/m3 which means 1.2-2.4 times more than norm. It is explained with that, there are no NOx and SO2 emitted pollution source in northern part and nearby of the factory to be constructed. As Sangachal terminal is located in southern part from the cement factory the wastes will be diffused not in the direction of the factory but across the sea. And the over norm of dust concentration is explained with wind blown dust from quarry and soil surface. The comparison of results with national and international short term standards explain the followings:
• No normative of Azerbaijani standards which is applicable for settlements of NO2, SO2 and CO were not opened in the area where the samples were taken. • No normative of international standards were not opened in the area where the samples were taken. • In some places of the territory, Azerbaijan and international standards on dust was opened (BMK: 0,5 mq/m³, AK: 0,35 mq/m³). • The results of air sampling indicate that, these indices change according to meteorological condition.
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3.3.6. Noise impact to environment.
Noise is a change of air pressure that impact to ear. Unit of measurement of Noise pressure is a decibel (dB) that is considered as the main air pressure coefficient logarithm on fulcrum air pressure. Human being perceives the level of different frequency analogous Noise pressure that own different tension during hearing. In order to inject the Noise into human brain the Noise pressure scale is used which this level must fit to perceiving Noise level. And this is implemented in common way by using A-measuring scheme which is used dB unit. According to logarithmic decibel scale the double increase of Noise is explained with 3 dB increase of pressure level. With this the double increase of Noise source doesn’t make impression among people on double Noise increase. The increase of Noise pressure was assessed as following:
◦ < 3 dB(A) Insignificant ◦ 4 – 5 dB(A) Comprehensibility limit ◦ 6 - 9 dB(A) Little insignificant increase ◦ 10 dB(A) The double increase of Noise
They are showed as Noise Equivalent Energy (LAqe) own average power-engineering limit during general measuring.
Table 3.13. Samples on Noise sources and their Noise level
Noise source Approximate Noise level dB(A) (Laeq) Ache on ears 140 Impact shock of air current (30m) 140 Damage of hearing apparatus (short term explosion) 120–135 Anxiety, primary ache 120 Pneumatic coal breaking hammer, spel-saw 100–110 Heavy tonnage diesel truck (3 m distance) 80–90 Damage of hearing apparatus (long term explosion) 85 Main high way (walk) 70–80 Intensive acting restaurant 70 Passenger transport means (1 m distance ) 65–75
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Normal speaking 45– 0 Whispering talk 35–45 Breath 25 Let’s keep silent 20–30
National and international standards respecting noise impact to environment was given in 3rd part of the project. No standard exist concerning noise impact to environment in Azerbaijan. When the level of indicator is more than 85 dB (a) decibel the measure is to be taken in order to decrease the impact. A standard on noise impact to environment that was published in General Instructions on Noise Impact to Environment of International Financial Corporation is used in production stage of Gizildash plant. The aforementioned standards are distinguished through used categories on two main sphere such as settlement area and industry area.
Table 3-14. Standards of International Financial Corporation (IFC) noise impacto to environment
Soil use form Estimations showed in IFC’s instructions (Receptor) (LAeq)*
In the day-time (07:00-22:00) Day-time Night-time (07:00-22:00) (22:00-07:00)
Settlement area 55 dB(A) # 45 dB(A) #
Trade/ Industrial area 70 dB(A)
* maximum progress in the level of 3dB (A) has to be achieved during the measures for decreasing noise (General Instructions on IFC’s NIE, 2007).
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3.3.7. Noise sources during cement production
Several machine-mechanisms are used during cement production that is considered to be noise source. Stone-crusher equipment, mill, ventilator connects refrigerators, big volume ventilators, compressors and transport means are the best examples. Gizildash cement factory may implement measures such as silencer applications, keeping machine-mechanisms and noise prevention construction in order to decrease impact of noise to nature. Train, trucks, loaders and other tip trucks are considered to be noise sources. The trucks are almost used all the time or more in a day without a break.
3.3.8. Measuring noise
Let’s pay attention to the result of measures carried out by SRM LTD in Garadagh cement factory and nearby in 2008 for getting information on noise that may be arise in working zone and surrounding area during activity of the cement factory (Table 3-15). As it was considered, higher noise levels were registered in loading and unloading operations sites and nearby of kiln, as well as noisy applications and operations. Non stop use of machine-mechanisms and shipment of materials cause to short-term noise. In the night time the level of noise decrease due to reduced motion of heavy trucks.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 3-15. Noise sources or noise areas taken for getting forecasting information concerning arisen noises during current activities
Noise sources or noise area Level of noise power Comments (LW) dB(A) Burning kiln 1 – 4 115 Air pressure compressors və fuse included Unloading of raw materials 110 Unloading the good from train and trucks
Making raw alloy 110 Activity of loader is included
Making pulp 110 Different trucks Cement grinding 110 Mill and ventilators are included Compressors 100 Packing 100 Ventilator and loading are included Conveyors 60-70
We may come to the following conclusions following the indicated figures: − The average noise pressure level depends on the distance of noise source differ in between 52dB(A) - 64dB(A). − 70dB(A) of level is observed just close to noise source; − The levels are lesser than 50 dB (A) in most parts of Sahil settlement; − The calculation show that the level is 52 dB(A) in th boundary of Garadagh cement factory with Sahil settlement. − The levels related to activity of Garadagh cement factory in the day time in Sahil settlement is lesser than 55 dB(A) indicated in IFC’s instruction. − It is noted that the impact of transport means that are in motion in highway is 65 dB(A) in Sahil settlement and this indicate that the impact of Garadagh cement factory is not more. Night-time − The average noise pressure level depends on the distance of noise source differ in between 52dB(A) - 61dB(A). − The levels are lesser than 45 dB (A) in most parts of Sahil settlement; − The calculation show that the level is 49 dB(A) in th boundary of Garadagh cement factory 55 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) with Sahil settlement. − The levels related to activity of Garadagh cement factory in the night-time in Sahil settlement is lesser than 55 dB(A) indicated in IFC’s instruction. − Taking into account the motion of transport means in highway and that the impact load of transport means don’t decrease (for example; several transport means in an hour), the noise of transport is more than the one in the factory area.
According to air samples (Table 3.12) the noise was in between 54.1, - 64.8 dB(A) interval in Gizildash cement plant.
3.3.9. Protected sites
There are not any protected sites in project implemented Garadagh district. Gobustan Petroglifts- Open Air Musem like cultural-historical monument is protected from state. The information on this protected site is given in 3.6 section. The impact assessment issue will be considered if new protected sites to be established in the process of cement factory construction and project implementation site.
3.3.10. Fauna and Flora
Fauna and flora in the area should be accurately identified in order to provide minimum impact of the implemented project to environment to preserve biodiversity for sustainable ecosystem of the territory. Protection status of fauna and flora in the area was analyzed on tha basis of the following documents: • The Red Book of Azerbaijan • Information of research centers • Red List of International Union on Nature Protection (International Red Book)
Azerbaijani fauna is represented with 99 kind mammals, 360 kind birds, 54 kind reptiles, 11 kind on land and sea, 95 kind fishes and 14000 kind insects. There are 77 kind flora and 3 kind of fauna entered into the list of the Red Book. The Red Book of Azerbaijan was firstly published in 1989. 50 fauna species, 5 kind of fishes, 5 kind live in land and sea, 8 kind of reptiles, 36 kind of bird species and 14 mammals was entered into this book. From the biodiversity point of view the Garadagh district is not considered as a rich part. This territory was strongly exposed to desertification for the last 60 years due to industrialization and natural process. The condition of ecosystem of the area was mostly incisively worsened due to impact of the
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) cement plant, oil-gas extraction objects, gas treatment factory and other big industrial objects as well as transport in highways in Soviet Union period. Partly and completely abolition of vegetation cover in some areas has negatively impacted to several fauna species. The observations of the project implementation area show that, rare and endangered species are rarely met. Thereby we included rare and endangered fauna and flora species to this report that belong to this are and entered in the Red Book of Azerbaijan compiled in 1989 as a result of long-term and systematic researches. The information on these species is given in the following and the attention should be paid to protection issues of these species during the implementation of the project.
3.3.11. Fauna
Fauna species included into the Red Book
Pelobates syriacus Boettger, 1889. Is the sort that endemic for Caucasus rare and endangered. Is met in south-east zones of Azerbaijan as it is included to the project zone. Live lives in semi-desert, rarely in mountainous fields and rocky places.
Megacephalus euphraticus Latz., 1885Статус. Is endangered species living in Absheron peninsula, Kur-Araz low-land and Nakchievan. Insect that live in saline lands areas are mostly met in spring and early summer.
Manduca atropas L., 1758 . Is endangered and beautifies the nature and met in Absheron peninsula, Greater and Lesser Caucasus, Lachin-Shusha and Talish zones in Azerbaijan. Their butterfly flies in April-May and August-September.
Daphnis nerii L. Is endangered species. Beautifies the nature and live in Absheron peninsula, Lankaran and Ordubad in Azerbaijan. Butterflies fly on May- August. Testudo graeca iberia Pallas, 1814. Met in project site. Is the species that the areal and number are decreased. Lives in dry fields, semi-deserts and hilly places, bushes and yards. Phrynocephalus helioscopus (Pallas,1771) Lives in south-east and Absheron peninsula around Put area, has limited areal and is decreased.
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Pandion haliaetus L., 1758 Is met in the Caspian sea coastal area and is decreased in Azerbaijan. Live in fish rich areas.
Haliaetus albicilla L., 1758 Live in the Caspian sea shore and is rapidly decreased in Azerbaijan. Is always met in the Caspian sea shore of Absheron peninsula.
Circaetus gallicus Gmel., 1788 Is a Rare and migrant bird species that is characteristic of the project site. Is mostly met in Gobustan, Bozdagh, Zuvand and Aras valley. Comes to Azerbaijan in April and leaves in September.
Caspiomyzon wagneri (Kessler), 1870 Relatively rare species and is met everywhere in across the Caspian sea shore from Yalama to Astara.
Abramis sapa bergi Belyaeff, 1929 Is rare species that is met in western part of the Caspian se shore and in Kura river.
Lucioperca marine Cuvier, 1928 Is very rarely met in southern part of the Caspian sea shore from Sumgayit to Astara and in Baku archipelago and is decreased.
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Supreme plants were found that belong to 4200 kinds on 9 climate zone in Azerbaijan which consists of 66% of Caucasus kind content. 7% of these plants that means being 240 endemic kinds and relict consisted of 108 kinds and 36 families. There is a need to special protection of plants more that 400 kinds in the country. There are 140 rare and endangered flora species in the Red Book of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In order to protect and increase the number of these factory kinds 6 national park, 13 state nature reserve, 20 state nature sanctuary, 2083 trees at the age of more than 100, 37 geological and paleontology objects and 15 thousand of ha endemic and valuable forest kind areas exist in the country. The soil vegetation cover of the project site is characterized with the factory that is characteristic to desert and semi-desert. The below mentioned types in vegetation cover being respective to the relief of the project implementation area is observed: wormwood-saline, ephemera semi-desert and their complexes. The development of semi-desert plants groups show itself more clearly in the rhythm of the seasons. The plants intensively sprout, spout stops in summer, become more active in autumn and lasts in winter. The period of vegetation lasts for 10 months. The content of phytosenoz depending on mechanical and chemical content, dampness and other factors of salts in soil. The development of ephemera plants is completely belong to change rhythm of the season. So, the development of ephemeras start right after rainfalls in autumn. These process results with blossoming and yielding fruit by rapidly developing in spring. This development of ephemeras end in late may. Is developed in wormwood covered semi-desert-saline, less saline and saline grey, light chestnut and grey-brown soils. The composition of typical species of phytosentoz are three-pedigreed. In the first stage – wormwood, the second stage-ephemeras and ephemeras enriched with grasses in spring, the third stage- blushed green water plants. The following formations of the plants here consist of superiority: reed, reed-cane, cane, spots. As the oil industry and settlement developed in research area only semi-desert and desert factory are used as pastures in preserved raw lands.
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Figure 3.7. General view of characteristic vegetation covers of the area The analyses of materials of observations and literature show that, the following species were included to the Red Book of the Republic of Azerbaijan among the plants met in project site and nearby areas.
Cotoneaster saxatilis Poyark Is the rare endemic species that is met in project site.
Astragalus bakuensis Bunge Rare endemic species to be probably met in project site in Azerbaijan. Grows in sea shore sandy areas. increases with seeds. Its resources is very little. Anabasis brachiata Fisch. et Mey. ex. Kar. et Kir. Was met in one place in Azerbaijan – around Baku-Yasamal valley and is almost endangered. Grows in hilly salty sandy place and can be met in project site. Has very little resources, increases with seeds.
Ammochloa palaestina Boiss Observed only in Absheron peninsula in project site in Azerbaijan. Is a rare relict species grow in sea shore sandy places. Has a little resource and decreases. Increases with seeds.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Avena ventricosa Bal. Is rare species which is only met in Absheron peninsula. Grows in seashore sandy places. Increases with seeds. Reaches to be threatened of endangering.
Stipa pelita (Trin et Rupr.) Tzvel. Is only met in Absheron peninsula. Is only species to be threatened with disappearances.
Ophrys caucasica Woronow ex Grossh. The only rare, endemic species of Caucasus grows in Samur-Davachi and Kura-Aras low-lands and Absheron peninsula. Grows in average mountainous zone, among rocks, bushes. Its source is not more and rarely
met. Is increased with seeds and vegetative ways. Cladochaeta candissima (Bieb.) DC is rare endemic species that grows in Absheron peninsula as it is included into the project site. Grows in shady places. Is met as a little group and one- by-one and sometimes create brushwood. Tulipa biebersteiniana Schult. et Schult fil Is endangered species spread in Gobustan in project site. Grows in dry abundance slopes. Their resource is going to decrease. Is increased with seed and vegetative ways. Iris acutiloba C.A.Mey Is Caucasus endemic with rare and limited areal. Grows in Absheron peninsula-around Gobustan reserve, in dry clayey-sandy, rocky slopes and sea shores sandy places. Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link Is rarely met in 6 km distance from north-west of Puta district of Absheron region, Gurguz mountain, ravines and 500 m high above the sea level , iron-wood-oak forests. Ammochloa palaestina Boiss Is the only relict species to be met in Absheron peninsula, sandy sea shores. Has a little resource and lasts to decrease. Increases with seeds.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Avena ventricosa Bal. Status. Spread. Is met in Absheron peninsula – Pirallahi and Bulla islands around south-west part of Baku. Grows in sandy sea shores. Is rare species. Reaches to endangering. Increases with seeds. Stipa pelita (Trin et Rupr.) Tzvel. Spread. Is only met in Absheron peninsula. Is very rare species which threatened to disappear.
Cladochaeta candissima (Bieb.) DC Is Rare and hirkanian endemic species that grows in project site. Is rarely met as a small group in low and moderate mountainous zone in shady forest formations. And is sometimes met as brushwood. Anabasis brachiata Fisch. et Mey. ex. Kar. et Kir. Is very rare and almost threatened with endangering. Grows only in one place of Baku in salty sandy place in Azerbaijan. Has a very little resource. Increases with seeds.
3.3.13. Cultural-historical monuments
Several architectural and archeological objects (drawings on rocks, karvansaray, reservoirs, graves etc.) from ancient and middle ages exist in Absheron and adjacent Garadagh district. But no concrete such kind objects was met in the distance of 3 km area the cement factory is building. Only Gobustan Petroglyphs -open museum which is the most interesting and ancient one located just 20-25 km distance from the constructed objects.
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Figure 3.8. Gobustan petroglyphs (rock drawings)
Petroglyphs, that means rock drawings is the art archives of human progress in the earth. There are several other archives like this one in Azerbaijan. The biggest of them is located at Baku State Historical-Ethnographic and Art Reserve in Gobustan. Gobustan occupies the south-eastern spur of the Great Caucasian Range and situated 60 km south of Baku, close to the Caspian sea on the way ot Shirvan highway. It was here in Gobustan, in the area of this fantastic destruction of mountains in the 'sea of rocks', the witnesses to the past of Azerbaijan people of the Stone Age and subsequent periods are concentrated: these are rock carvings, settlements, tombstones etc. The most ancient petroglyphs have been identified as belonging to the 10-8th century BC. From that time to nowadays about 6000 rock pictures have been discovered and recorded in Gobustan. Gobustan may be seen as a unique source of knowledge on the period from the 10,000 B.C. to the Middle Ages covering the fields of history, culture, art and archaeology. Among them one can find pictures of human beings, wild bulls, deer, bezoar goats, lions, gazelles, horses, wild asses, some of them being nearly life-size. There are also drawings on some rocks, representing collective labour processes, reaping, sacrifice, hunting scenes, battle scenes. There is a picture of a group dance for instance, which is done in a circle with arms on each other's shoulders - forerunner of the yalla danced in Azerbaijan to this day. Linguistically "yalla" is cognate to "yal" which means "food". The "food dance" was presumably a magic rite done before hunting. It might also have served as good training for huntsmen-nimble synchronous movements are essential in collective chase. A very attractive relic of the past is so called "gaval dash" (tambourine stone), which emits a booming 63 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) sound when it is struck, was probably used for accompaniment to the yalla dance. Nto present Gobustan was nominated to be included into the list of UNESCO’s ” World Heriatge list”. Alongside these ancient records one of the rocks bears a Latin inscription dating back of 84-96 A.D. It describes the visit of a centurion from the XIlth Roman Legion, known as the "Fulminata" (Lightning), who passed through Gobustan in the 1st century AD, during the reign of the emperor Domitian. Naturally the observation of new monuments is expected in such a rich and ancient area. Thereby the special attention should be paid to this issue during recommendations and monitoring for decreasing the impact of the institution to environment in future.
Figure 3.9. Gobustan rock drawings
3.3.14. Socio-economic characteristics of the region.
Garadagh is one of 11 administrative regions that includes Baku city and includes 5 city kinds of settlements such as – Lok-Batan, Sahil, Sangachal, Alat, Gobustan. The area where the Gizildash factory is going to be built is located 1 km distance of Sahil settlement, on the right of Baku-Astara highway. The main employment of the population is oil industry, production of construction materials, construction and industry areas. General information on Garadagh region of Baku city is given in the following tables. The provided information bases on statistical indicator of State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2006. the neareast settlements to the new cement factory location are Garadagh, Sabail and Binagadi regions. Their basic social indicators were given in the following table.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 3.9 Social condition of Garadagh and adjacent regions. Unit of measureme Bianagadi Garadagh Sabail nt Number of settlements Person 6 22 2 Number of big state and private institutions Person 71 47 153 Population km2 218863 101000 77171 Average density of population Person / km2 1287 92 2572 Distribution of population according to sex Person 106586 48905 36965 (male) Distribution of population according to sex Person 112277 50902 40206 (female) Distribution according to ages (child) Person 65221 34334 19138 Distribution according to ages (under 18) Person 81636 42618 24232 Distribution according to ages (between 18- Person 118624 51101 42830 55) Distribution according to ages (18-60) Person 125846 53497 45994 Distribution according to ages (pensioners) Person 18166 6288 9338 Number of educated persons Person 36550 5789 19524 Number of secondary educated persons Person 62376 28245 20836 Number of refugee live in the region Person 15577 2400 4631 Number of displaced persons live in the Person 25479 9612 7585 region Thousand General territory of the region 0,17 1,08 0,03 km2 Number of pre-school institutions Number 41 23 22 Number of general education schools Number 65 23 18 Number of technical, secondary profession Number 3 - 1 and vocational schools. Number of higher educational establishments Number 3 - 4 Number of hospitals Number 2 7 6
As it may seen from the table Garadagh region is the biggest administrative area unit. So, its total area is 1.09 thousand km2, population is 99807 person. Out of 48905 persons are male, 50902 persons are female. Average density of the population if 92 persons/km2. 7 hospitals, 23 general education schools, 23 pre-school establishments act in the region. The numbers of educated persons are 5789, secondary educated persons are 28245. 9612 displaced persons settled in the region. The number of population on economical regions for late 2007 (thousand persons)
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Including: Names of economical regions All population City Village Baku city (with settlements) – total 1873.6 1873.6 - Central Baku (without settlements) 1132.8 1121.6 - Garadagh region 101.0 101.0 - Including: Lokbatan settlement 31.4 31.4 - Alat settlement 10.5 10.5 - Gobustan settlement 13.7 13.7 - Gizil Dash settlement 4.2 4.2 - Korgoz settlement 0.7 0.7 - Musfhigabad settlement 8.3 8.3 - Pirsaat settlement - - - Sahil settlement 22.0 22.0 - Puta settlement 1.1 1.1 - Sangachal settlement 3.8 3.8 - Ceyildagh settlement 1.0 1.0 - Shongar settlement 0.6 0.6 - Shubani settlement - - - Umud settlement 1) 0.5 0.5 - Head Alat settlement 0.7 0.7 - Kotal settlement 0.4 0.4 - Şıxlar qəsəbəsi 0.8 0.8 - New Alat settlement - - - Garakosa settlement - - - AZNS settlement 1.3 1.3 - Garadagh settlement 0.0 0.0 - Heybat settlement 0.0 0.0 - There are up to 22 settlements. The expected Gizildash cement factory is located at western part of Shongar-Gizildash district. The population of Gizildash district 4200 persons and the Shongar is 600 persons. Table 3.10. The general coefficient of the number of population, birth, death and natural increase in population through Baku city for 2007 Number of Per 1000 person Number of infants dies till 1 population Birth Death Natural year per 1000 birth ,thousand increase person. Through Republic 8436.4 17.2 6.3 10.9 9.3 Baku city 1873.6 14.9 6.5 8.4 12.3 Garadagh region 175.0 15.7 6.8 8.9 14.2 So socio-economic indicator on Garadagh region doesn’t specially differ from the one for Baku city.
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4. PROJECT OUTLINE: CONSTRUCTION AND EXPLOITATION PROJECT OF “GIZILDASH CEMENT” FACTORY
4.1 Substantiation of selection of project area
“Gizildash cement” factory is located in the east of Azerbaijan, south-west of Baku city, 45 km distance from it, 9 km distance from Sangachal settlement, 10 km distance from the Caspian Sea, 50-60 km distance above the sea level. When selection of construction of factory the closeness of raw (lime stone and clay) deposits, existence of communication structure (rail way, highway), fuel supply, water supply, geological and lithological structure of the area was taken into account. The followings were known about aforementioned based on the primary researches.
4.2 Works to be implemented on project
4.2.1. Raw material area:
The main raw material for expected cement factory are limestone waste, limestone and clay deposits. Approval for their use/exploitation is got or will be got from client. Other corrective, mix and fuel will be purchased from other sources. Limestone/clay/ wastes to be used in cement factory is located nearby. Limestone wastes generated as a result of acitivity of quarries in Garadagh and Absheron areas and spred to approximately to 4000-5000 ha of area. The materials that pollute the area and is out of control is essential for cement production. The area will be cleaned several times during production. The Customer get the permission for exploitation of limestone and clay deposits that is located close to supposed factory area. Limestone and clay deposits is located in north and west of constructed “Gizildash cement” plant. (figure 4.1.). The raw requirement of supposed factory will be provided from different sources indicated in the following table. N Material Place of source Distance from Comments the factory (km) 1 Limestone Sangargaya-1 6.88 Main limestone source Plato-283 3.26 Plato-231 2.13 Sangargaya -2 7.89 Deposit Sangargaya-1 continuation
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) shahgaya-1 waste 6.45 area Shahgaya-2 waste 6.39 area Shahgaya-3 waste 7.05 area Guzdak 40.3 Kulekburnu 36.63 2 Limestone Gazanag 26.88 limestone wastes are supposed Wastes Mukhtar 27.59 for cement factory Gulbakht 26.59 3 Clay Shangarya-1 6.88 Will be transported with 25 t of Shangarya -3 3.25 trucks 4 Bauxite - - To be provided from Garadagh Beton 5 Gyps Goranboy - To be provided from Garadagh Beton
6 Volcanoe ash Tovuz/Agstapha - To be provided from Garadagh Beton 7 Natural gas Azerbaijan gas 6.1 network
Raw material deposits: Shangarya -1 Limestone deposit (belongs to approved category) The observations show that, there approximately 42 million ton approved geological reserves in 0.90 km2, of area. Besideds that, approximately 0.54 million m3 surface layer (approximately 0.81 million ton) shall be removed. The capacity of expected resources are consisted of 38 million ton million ton except 10% with regard to loss, slopes, possible mistakes in assessment etc.
Guzdak limestone deposit (belongs to approved category)
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The observations show that, there are approximately 16 million ton of approved geological resources in researched site. Besides that, approximately 0.56 million m3 of surface layer (approximately 0.84 million ton) should be removed. The capacity of expected resources are consisted of 14.5 million ton except 10% with regard to loss, slopes, possible mistakes in assessment etc. Shangargaya -2 limestone deposit (belongs to supposed category) Area : 94.34 ha Capacity : 12,177,981 m3 Density indicator : 1.8 Supposed resource :21,920,366 t (21.92 million ton) Possible expected extraction : 15,344,256 t (15.34 million ton) Possible tactlessness :30 % Kulakburnu limestone deposit (belongs to supposed category) Area : 33.02 ha Capacity : 2,057,133 m3 Density indicator : 1.8 Supposed resources :3,702,875 t (3.70 million ton) Possible expected extraction : 2,592,013 t (2.59 million ton) Possible tactlessness :30 % Plato 283 continuation limestone deposit (belongs to supposed category) Area : 19.31 ha Capacity : 4,436,352 m3 Density indicator : 1.8 Supposed resources :7,985,434 t (7.98 million ton) Possible expected extraction : 5,589,804 t (5.59 million ton) Possible tactlessness :30 % Plato 231 continuation limestone deposit (belongs to supposed category) Area : 19.29 ha Capacity : 2,664,245 m3 Density indicator : 1.8 Supposed resources :4,795,641 t (4.79 million ton) Possible expected extraction : 3,356,949 t (3.36 million ton) Possible tactlessness :30 % Western Shangargaya limestone deposit (belongs to supposed category)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Western Western Western Shangargaya-1 Shagargaya-2 Shangargaya-3 Area (ha) 9.64 12.98 5.70 Capacity (m3) 1,451,963 1,905,685 533,637 Density indicator 1.8 1.8 1.8 Supposed resources 2,613,533 t (2.61 3,430,233 t (3.43 960,546 t (0.96 million ton) million ton) million ton) Possible expected 1,829,473 t (1,83 2,401,163 t (2.40 672,382 t (0.67 extraction million ton) million ton) million ton)
The resources of the limestone polluted areas were given in the following table: Code Area Capacity Density Supposed Expected extraction (m2) (m2) (qr/cm3) tonnage tonnage
GBWLST 1259502 2038742 1.6 3261987 1630993 KZWLST 366488 422032 1.6 675251 337625 MKWLST 2606748 2618456 1.6 4189529 2094764 Total 4232738 5079230 8126768 4063384
Limestone resources belonging to all categories was given in the following table:
Deposit /limestone Geological Possible expected Notes polluted area resource extraction (mil. ton) (million ton) Shangargaya-1 42.00 38.00 Approved category Shangargay-2 21.92 15.34 Approved category Guzdak 16.00 14.50 Approved category Kulakburnu 3.70 2.59 Supposed category Plato-283 7.98 5.59 Supposed category Plato-231 4.79 3.36 Supposed category Western Shahgaya-1 2.61 1.83 Supposed category Western Shahgaya -2 3.43 2.40 Supposed category Western Shahgaya -3 0.96 0.67 Supposed category Total 103.39 84.28
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Other raw material types Clay Shangargaya -1 Clay deposit Area : 90 ha Capacity : 3,919,471 m3 Density indicator : 1.5 Approved resources : 5,879,209 t (5.87 million ton) Possible expected extraction : 5,291,286 t (5.29 million ton) Possible tactlessness :10 % Shangargaya -3 Clay deposit Area : 69 ha Capacity : 30,465,605 m3 Density indicatior : 1.5 Approved resources : 45,698,407 t (45.69 million ton) Possible expected extraction resources: 31,988,885 t (31.98 million ton) Possible tactlessness :30 %
4.2.2. Transportation of raw materials and fuel and their storage.
• Construction of railway loading stations with the capacity of 2 x 1000 t/hours in Karvansaray and shangargaya 1 deposit;
• New railway loading stations;
• 2 silo with the capacity of 1200 t in deposit;
• Installation of rock grinding with the capacity of 1500t/day in deposit;
• Construction of the new limestone unloading railway station with the capacity of 1500 t/hours in plant;
• Construction of the new clay and corrective materials unloading railway station with the capacity of 1500 t/hours in plant;
• Construction of corrective materials unloading station from the trucks in plant;
• Construction of weighbridge that provide the weighing the internal transport means
• Construction of the new circular storehouse for limestone with the capacity of 30 000 ton;
• Construction of new storehouses for clay (with the capacity of 3600 t - 2) and corrective materials (3600 t);
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Figure 4.1. Location map of factory and raw material areas.
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4.2.3. Industrial houses and buildings
• Conveyer that supplied with the new raw material feeding bunker automatic analyser;
• New mill, cyclone and main bagged filter installation with the capacity of 350t/hours for raw material crushing;
• New 20000 t tonnage homogenization silo;
• The kiln camera made of new steel pre-heater and iron-concrete;
• New kiln with the capacity of 5000 t/day;
• Grate-bar clinker cooler provided with bagged filter and heater exchange;
• 2 New clinker storehouses with the capacity of 1 000 t and 100 000 t;
• Installation of lines transport the clinker from the kiln to storehouse;
• Construction of new very nucleus silos for cement storage and heap shipment;
• Construction of cement mills;
• Control room, electricity and pressured air supply, lubricating as well as other subsidiary buildings and applications that supply the activity of the plant;
• Coordination of newly constructed operational areas and other subsidiary buildings with the areas to be remained according to the project;
4.3 Transport supply.
4.3.1. Rail way
The raw material and shipped production will partly be implemented via railway. Thereby the expected construction of railway for about 10-12 km will be joined to the railway network of the Republic through Garadagh region which is located on Baku-Tbilisi line.
4.3.2. Motor roads
The internal roads of the factory will be concreted and expected for heavy trucks. The external roads will also be concreted and connected with Baku-Alat highway close to Garadagh.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4.3.3. Water roads
The required heavy appliances can be shipped via the Black Sea - Volga Don channel and the Caspian Sea to the closest Garadagh sea port (15km). The production can be shipped to the Caspian sea littoral states (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, Iran) by using Baku prto that is closed to 45 km distance from the factory in future.
4.3.4. Fuel supply
The technological applications will be worked with natural gas. The natural gas will be supplied from “Azerigas” company. The volume of the required gas will be consisted of – 1000000 m3/day. The gas will be supplied from 10 km distance with 500 mm pipes in 10-12 bar pressure.
4.3.5. Alternative fuel
As it mentioned, natural gas was selected as a fuel kind. The alternative fuel was not considered as the natural gas is most environmental friendly fuel.
4.3.6. Water supply
Drinking water The drinking water will be provided from AZERSU LTD in volume of 189.9 min m3/year annualy. The water pipeline which is 200 mm, 10 km connects to Kura-Baku pipeline nearby “Umud” settlement. The drinking water will be used for the purposes of fire system and daily demands of the plant.
4.3.7. Industrial-municipal waste waters and those used in technological process
Waters used for economic-industrial purposes. The use of drinking water is expected to be used for the purposes cooking, dish washing, taking bath of workers and maid, cloth washing, cleaning of room, department and other working places. The demand for drinking water per person was considered as 200 l as the cement production is a dusty process. The annual use of drinking water was considered as 175 m3/day = 57.75 thousand m3/year that was calculated for 251 person. Technical water The technical waters are the water of factory cleaning applications. These water will be used for irrigation purposes and cooling of technological applications. Recirculation water system.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) As it was mentioned 181.5 min m3/annual technical water is required for cooling the technological application. From the point of environmental demands, water resources shortage and economical efficiency view the application of recirculation water system is supposed. The demand of recirculation system to water will be 300 m3/day= 99.0 thousand m3/annual. Water which will be used for the purposes of cooling the technological applications belongs to “fresh cycle” category according to its pollution degree. Water is getting hot but exposes to pollution.
Unexpected water demand – 15% As water requirement on looses during evaporation, flow, deposit and leakage consist of – 5% the general water requirement was considered as (300+250+175) x 1,15 x 1,05 = 875,43 m3/day= 288.9 thousand m3/year. Out of 99.0 thousand m3/year will be compensated from circulated water system and waste water purifier installations.
Water balance of new plant–thosuanda m3\year
Used water, m3\year New factory Notes Cement production, 2000000 t\il “Azersu” LTD-drinking water 189.9 thousand m3/year Water circulation system 99.0 thousand m3/year Total 288.9 thousand m3/year Waste waters 66.0 thousand m3/year
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4.4 Geological and lithological structure
The followings were observed and considered with regard to proposed project site:
• The geological and lithological structure are relatively simple
• The production line buildings will be constructed on aged clay rocks of Absheron, because they are the firmest of underground rocks. The foundation should be lamped at least 50 cm in Absheron clay. That means the depth of the foundation is changed in between 4,5 m and 6,0 m, and up to 8,5 m.
• The underground water has a higher level of saltiness and is characterized with higher chloride and sulphate corrosion. The depth of underground water is change between 1,9-5,3 m. the special resistant concrete must be used to prevent water leakage of under soil layer and underground structure. This means the foundations of the constructions must be isolated from water.
Special foundations (with stakes) were considered for heavy loaded new buildings. a)
b)
Figure 4.3. (a,b) The sites for newly constructed cement factory
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4.5 Production capacity and main productivity indicators of the plant.
Production capacity (completed figures) General production of clinker (daily 5000 t) with 1650000 t Total cement production with 2000000 t Seasonal changes 16,5% Calculation parameters Comparison between raw material additive and clinker 1.58 Comparison between clinker and cement 82% Net GEE (General effectiveness of equipment) - stove 85% Net preparatory indicator – kiln 90% Energy use till clinker production and including that production Special heat use (dry process) 745 kKal/kg clinker Heat transfer capacity of natural gas = 8055 kKal/Nm3 (5,000 x 745 x 1,000) / 8,050 = 462,732.92 Nm3/day= 152.7 mil Nm3/year Special electricity energy use 70 kVt.s/t clinker Fuel sources and quality Natural gas 152.7 mil Nm3/year Alternative fuels (AYR) was not considered in the project According to calculations 181.5 thousand m3/year water is required for cooling the technological equipment. Out of 99.0 thousand m3/year will be get from city water economy and 82.50 thousand m3/year will be get from waste water purification installation. Water which will be used for the purposes of cooling the technological applications belongs to “fresh cycle” category according to its pollution degree. Water is getting hot but doesn’t expose to pollution. Annual average volume of all kind of waste water generated in factory site consists of 200 m3. Collection of these waters via sewerage system and purification in waste water purifier installation is considered in the project.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4.6 Technological process and equipment
4.6.1. Current technological methods.
The same composition raw material is used in clinker production in technological process of “Dry methods” cement production as well. But the superiority of this method is absence of water in grinding limestone and clay, as well as corrective materials. If 215-220 kg conditional fuel is used per ready product (clinker) ton in “watery method” but this indicator consist of 110-115 kg in “dry method”. Besides that, this method provides the decrease of kiln gas and relatively 35-40% de-dust as well as considerable increase of production capacity of kiln area up to 1m3. “Dry method” will be applied in production process of Gizildash cement factory that has no alternative. The production process will be carried out according to the following technological succession. The move of the technological process was displayed in Figure 4.4.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Fehler! Es ist nicht möglich, durch die Bearbeitung von Feldfunktionen Objekte zu erstellen. Figure 4.4. Technological Process Progress
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4.7 Raw material crushing
The raw material crushing will be performed in a crusher located in the plant. Raw material will consist of ROM limestone, Waste limestone bricks and clay. ROM Limestone will be quarried from the Sangargaya limestone deposit. It will be transported to factory site through trucks / dumpers. Waste lime stone bricks from the waste bricks yard will be transported by trucks / dumpers to factory site. The clay will be quarried from near by clay mines and transported by trucks / dampers to factory site. The crusher will be used for crushing all the 3 raw materials together. The crusher will have two dump hoppers for feeding raw material separately. One of the hopper will be used for ROM limestone and Waste limestone bricks, whereas other will be used for clay. The feed proportion of raw material will be controlled by variable speed apron feeder under the dump hoppers in close loop with PGNN analyzer, which will be installed after crusher. For mix crushing of these raw materials, a single rotor impact / hammer crusher of capacity 1,200 tph is selected for crushing. Both the dump hoppers will be in RCC construction. The capacity of ROM dump hopper will be 150 m3 with three side dumping and for other dump hopper it will be 100 m3 with two side dumping. The feed size for crusher selection will be 1200 mm x 1200 mm x 1200 mm, with maximum diagonal length of 1500 mm. The Apron feeder for ROM limestone will be 1,200 tph capacity, whereas for the clay it should be 400 tph. Both the apron feeder will have AC VVVF drive for feed control. The transport conveyors after the crusher to transport crushed limestone to the stacker will have capacity of 1,500 tph, in order to accommodate feed variation and surges during crushing operation. One cross belt analyzer (PGNNA) will be provided in product conveyor after the crusher, to control the feed material proportion to the crusher and to achieve the homogenized and consistent quality in stock pile.
4.7.1. Mix bed preblending and homogenizing stockpile.
The crushed material from crusher will be transported through set of belt conveyors and pass through cross belt analyzer before feeding to the mix bed stock pile. Two linear fully covered stockpiles of 2 x 30,000 t are proposed for mix bed. The proposed capacity will be considered as live and extractable capacity of the stockpile. The capacity of the stacker will be 1,500 tph. A longitudinal luffing boom stacker is selected for mixed raw material stacking. The capacity of the reclaimer for mix bed stock pile will be 600 tph. Bridge type longitudinal reclaimer with double harrow is selected for reclaiming. The material reclaimed from the stockpile will be transported to the raw mill hoppers building through set of belt conveyors. One external feed hoper will be provided in the reclaimer belt, will be used for feeding material to raw mill feed hopper in case of emergency.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4.7.2. Corrective and additive unloading and crushing.
Correctives As per suggested raw mix, High grade limestone and Bauxite tailings / mill waste will be used as corrective for mix limestone. The Bauxite tailings / mill waste will be bought out and will be mainly received in rail wagons. The bottom discharge type rail wagons will carry these materials to the factory from source. Material from wagon will be unloaded in to bottom RCC hoppers and conveyed through the belt conveyor and fed to the corrective stacker directly, since these materials will be received in crushed form. In addition to this the high grade limestone will also be used as corrective as required, which will be sourced from the limestone quarry and crushed in the corrective / additive crusher. Additives The additives materials i.e. Gypsum, Volcanic ash and Trass will be received to the factory through rail by bottom discharge wagons. The gypsum will be received at factory with maximum particle size as 80 mm and require crushing before feeding to the cement mills. The Pozzolanic material e.g. Trass or Volcanic Ash will be received in Crushed and / or Uncrushed form. The bottom discharge type rail wagons will carry these materials to the factory from source. Material from wagon will be unloaded in to bottom RCC hoppers and conveyed through the belt conveyor and fed to the corrective stacker directly, since these materials will be received in crushed form. In addition to this the high grade limestone will also be used as additive as required, which will be sourced from the limestone quarry and crushed in the corrective / additive crusher. Unloading The bauxite tailing, mill waste, gypsum volcanic ash and trass will be received through trucks also. For unloading of material from trucks a dump hopper will be provided. This dump hopper will be a common facility for all the corrective and additive materials received to the factory through trucks. For corrective and additive materials received through bottom discharge wagon will be unloaded in the underground hoppers. From the bottoms of underground hopper material will be extracted through apron feeder and transported by belt conveyor. Common wagon unloading system is envisaged for all corrective and additive material received through rail wagons. The wagon unloading system capacity will be designed to unload the complete rake within 4-5 hour. The following type of wagons will be received to the factory for correctives and additives: Four-axle Open wagon, model 19- 923 (Refer the Picture below for wagon dimension and view)
Loading capacity 66 t Tare weight 23 t Volume 120 m3 No. of wagons per rake 45-50 Total material weight per rake 2,500 t – 3,000 t
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Accordingly, the unloading and extraction system for wagon and trucks both will be designed with a capacity of 800 tph. Crushing The Gypsum and High grade limestone will be crushed in a double rotor hammer crusher of capacity 800 tph. The input size for this crusher will be considered as 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 1000 mm with maximum diagonal length of 1200 mm. The output size of this crusher will be suitable for ball mill i.e. below 25 mm (95%). This crusher will have feed connectivity with truck and wagon unloading hopper both. For any material which doesn’t require crushing the crusher bypass arrangement will be provided to take this material directly into the stacker. Owner intends to use this crusher for crushing the mix raw materials, in case of emergency.
4.7.3. Corrective and additive storage
For corrective and additive storage, a common fully covered linear stockpile is proposed. The configuration of corrective and additive storage stockpiles will be kept as below:
Bauxite tailings 1 x 3,000 t Mill Waste 1 x 3,000 t Gypsum 1 x 7,000 t Trass 1 x 10,000 t Volcanic Ash 1 x 10,000 t HG Limestone 1 x 3,000 t for Raw mill HG Limestone 1 x 2,000 t for Cement mill
Stacking will be achieved with the help of one luffing boom type longitudinal stacker. A common stacker will be provided for all the correctives and additive materials. The capacity of the corrective stacker is selected as 1,000 tph, to match with the capacity of transport conveyors after the crusher. Two longitudinal reclaimers with side discharge scraper will be provided for correctives and 85 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) additives (one for each); this solution allows flexibility in adjusting the material storages spaces as per operational needs. The reclaimer with side discharge scraper also suitable to multiple materials and require less time for shifting from one pile to other. The capacity of this reclaimers will be kept as 200 tph. From reclaimer, through a set of belt conveyors, material will be fed to respective feed hopper at raw mill and cement mill hopper building. Stockpile will have emergency dump hopper, one each for corrective and additive, so that during emergency, material can be fed from stockpile to reclaiming conveyor by pay loader.
4.7.4. Raw material drying and grinding
Raw material drying and grinding system will have one proportioning station for feeding the desired raw material to raw mill. The raw material proportioning station will have 4 hoppers. The size of various hoppers and weigh feeder will be as below: # Description Hopper Construction Weigh Feeder Capacity Capacity 1 Pre-mix hopper 1 x 1,000 t RCC / Steel 50 – 500 tph 2 HG limestone Hopper 1 x 600 t RCC / Steel 10 – 100 tph 3 Bauxite Tailing hopper 1 x 300 t RCC / Steel 1.5 – 15 tph 4 Mill waste hopper 1 x 300 t RCC / Steel 1.5 – 15 tph
4.7.5. Feed bins extraction
The proportioning station will be equipped with advanced proportioning and feed control system. The mix proportion will be set from the control room and maintained in accordance with the operative raw mix. All hoppers will be provided with suitable liner and free flowing arrangement for sticky material. Each hopper will be equipped with high and low level switches in case of RCC hoppers, in case of Steel hoppers; it should be mounted on load cell with high level switch for safety. In the hopper extraction needle gate will be provided. After the needle gate apron feeder will be installed upstream of the belt weigh feeders. The common belt conveyor after the Weigh feeders will be made reversible for calibration.
4.7.6. Raw material transport to mill
Raw material extracted by individual weigh feeders will be collected on common reversible belt conveyor and transported to raw mill intake chute through another set of conveyor. The mill feeding belt conveyor will be equipped with cross belt analyzer (CBA) and the weigh feeders will be controlled 86 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) in a close control loop. PGNAA (Pulsed Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis) based Cross Belt Analyzer will be provided for on-line control. The mill feed transport will be provided with magnetic separator and metal detector to protect the mill against tramp metal. Reject material re-circulation system will be provided after the reject bin to feed the material without any metal to mill. Raw mill inlet will be provided with hydraulic triple gate.
4.7.7. Drying
Kiln hot gas will be used for drying of raw materials in the raw mill. For initial start-up phase and if the kiln stops and the raw mill has to be operated or in case of high raw material moisture and additional heat requirement, a suitably designed gas fired hot air generator (HAG) will be provided. It is desired that the finished mill product moisture should not exceed 1 %. Natural Gas will be primarily used as fuel for HAG.
4.7.8. Raw Material Grinding
A Vertical Roller Mill (VRM) has been proposed for the grinding of raw materials. However tenderers are requested to carry out a heat balance and if works out economical, usage of Ball mills as an alternative. The proposed VRM with capacity of 450 tph (on dry basis) will be designed with high drying and grinding efficiency. VRM will be equipped with the new generation high efficiency separator. A vibro-feeder followed with bucket elevator will be provided for material re-circulation after the mill. The VRM will be designed for low-pressure drop of the mill and low power consumption. The mill will be equipped with planetary gearbox. Mill exhaust gas will be de-dusted in multiple cyclone battery. Exit gas from cyclones will be transported by mill induced draft fan to common Bag house type filter cleaning the mill and kiln exhaust gases. Cleaned gas from Bag house filter will be transported by Bag house filter ID fan to the stack. The raw mill and kiln system gas transport will be designed as 3- fan system. Finished product from the raw mill will meet fineness of 12% residue on 90-micron sieve and 1.0% residue on 212-micron sieve.
4.7.9. Raw mill product collection
Raw mill product will be collected at the bottom of the cyclones and at the Bag house extraction. The raw meal from the Bag house filter hoppers will be collected by a system of air slides, chain conveyors and/or screw conveyors and transported to bucket elevator feeding the raw mill product to the top of the homogenizing silo. For transport of ground raw meal to homogenizing silo bucket elevator have been considered. This bucket elevator of 550 tph will be dedicated to raw meal transport to homogenizing silo. During direct kiln operation (raw mill shut condition) mod, the bag house filter 87 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) product will be collected in separate storage bin with capacity of 500 t. The bin will be sized to hold enough bag house dust for 10 hours of direct operation. When the system operates in combined operation i.e. raw mill operates together with kiln, the collected material from storage bin will be extracted in controlled mode and fed together with raw mill product to the homogenizing silo by a bucket elevator. This will prevent fluctuation of lime saturation factor (LSF) in kiln feed.
4.7.10. Raw mill de-dusting.
As mentioned above, raw mill main gas stream will be de-dusted through a battery of high efficiency low-pressure drop cyclones and in a bag house filter. All other material transfer points and including homogenizing silo will be de-dusted by suitably sized fabric nuisance filters. The mill kiln system will be de-dusted by Bag house fabric filter designed to achieve clean gas dust content below 30 mg/ Nm³. This bag house will be common for raw mill and kiln exhaust gases. For other auxiliaries suitable number of bag filters will be provided to maintain the clean gas content of the complete area less than 30 mg/ Nm³. An automatic sampling device will be installed after the system for continuous sampling.
4.7.11. Raw meal blending and storage
Blending and homogenizing of raw meal will be performed to minimize the variations in chemistry of raw meal. For this an inverted cone type-blending silo in RCC construction with a design- blending ratio of 7:1 with higher extraction efficiency is considered. The live and extractable capacity of the raw meal-blending silo will be 20,000 t live capacity, which will be sufficient for 2.5 days of kiln requirement. The silo roof will be provided with fully covered shed. The raw meal transport arrangement will ensure feeding raw meal properly distributed all around the silo. The silo aeration blower’s aeration is to be located in silo bottom house. Emptying of the silos must be ensured by appropriate design of silo bottom and aeration system. A silo level indication system will be installed. The feed to the silo will be divided into 6/7 inlet points (as per system requirement) through a distribution box for better blending efficiency and silo capacity. Kiln feed bin is proposed for installation, below the silo itself. The transport system as well as the homogenizing silos will be dedusted by using pulse jet filter, which will be designed for clean gas dust content less than 30 mg/ Nm³.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4.8 PYRO – PROCESSING
4.8.1. Kiln feed system
Under the blending silo one kiln feed bin, mounted on load cell will be provided of capacity around 180 m³. The kiln feed quantity will be controlled by two sets (1 working + 1 stand by, operates with sequential timers) of flow meters (either Impact or Rotary scale type). An automatic calibration device will be provided. Accuracy of kiln feed system will be ensured +/- 0.5%. From the kiln feed bin raw meal will be fed to kiln feed bucket elevator. The capacity of kiln feed system including the kiln feed elevator will be 450 tph. In addition, one stand by kiln feed bucket elevator will be provided. The standby bucket elevator will be arranged in such a way that it will serve as common stand by between kiln feed bucket elevator and blending silo feed elevator. Airtight dampers will be provided to prevent false air getting in the system. The equipment of the kiln feed system will be de-dusted properly by means of suction bag filters to maintain a clean gas content of 30 mg/Nm³. A “kiln dust” handling system will be provided to handle “hot kiln dust” during direct operation i.e. when raw mill is down. During direct operation, kiln dust collected in Bag house, will be transported to “Kiln Dust Bin” with the help of Chain conveyor / screw conveyor and bucket elevator. Kiln dust will be extracted in controlled quantity with the help of motorized dosing gates.
4.8.2. Preheater, precalciner, bypass system, kiln & cooler.
4.8.3. Preheater
For the proposed clinker capacity of 5,000 tpd, a single/double string 5 stage suspension preheater with inline calciner of riser type duct or vessel type is envisaged and will be suitable for the raw mix described above. The preheater design can be a single/ double string arrangement with high efficiency low-pressure drop cyclones in order to save electrical energy. The preheater supporting structure will be executed in reinforced concrete or structural steel. Except for the top dedusting cyclones, lower level cyclones will be provided with segmented steel immersion tube and will also have gamma ray/suitable level indicators. The moisture content (6%) of raw mix can conveniently be dried by 5 stage preheater exit gases in raw mill. The Pyro system will be designed to operate on 100% natural Gas. For cooling of preheater gases, fresh air dilution air fan will be provided before gas entry to bag house to reduce the temperature to safe operating level of 220 – 230 deg ⁰C. Alternatively water spray system may be used to cool down the gas temperature in Pre-heater down-comer duct. A high efficiency, suitably designed variable speed drive preheater ID fan will be installed for handling the preheater exit gases. CO, O2, NOx and SOx gas analyzer will be provided to
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) monitor the process condition in the preheater. The refractory system will be designed to have minimum radiation losses and high durability. Air canons and air lance system will be provided for cleaning of cyclones and feed pipes during operation. One air compressor with emergency power supply will be provided for the cleaning during hot kiln stoppage. Passenger cum goods lift of 2 t capacity will be provided in preheater as transport mean and maintenance works. The process fans in the kiln preheater system will be provided with frequency controlled variable speed drives (VVVF type).
Figure 4.8. Correctives are passed to preheater equipment
4.8.4. Precalciner
In-line precalciner at the bottom of the preheater has been considered for the natural gas. Tertiary air required for the precalciner will be provided from hot air taken from the kiln hood. A sufficient number of precalciner burners with air and fuel supply will be provided.
4.8.5. Bypass System
Requirement of alkali or chlorine will be derived from the detail raw material analysis. The suggested raw mix is based on the raw material sample analysis available at the moment. It is suggested that, the contractor will carry out the raw material testing and analysis after receiving the samples from owner and decide the bypass requirement accordingly. Presently, based on consultant experience, a provision of 15% bypass system will be kept in designing of Pyro system. The proposed Alkali / Chlorine bypass system will be considered with a quenching air chamber, quenching air fan, bag house dust filter, induced draft fan, dust transport system, dust storage bin and truck load-out. It is recommended that the gas bypass system should be equipped with quenching air fan
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) cooling the kiln exit gas down to safe level of 220-230 deg ⁰C. The bypass bag house-dedusting filter should be of modern design equipped with high temperature textile filter bags (preferably glass-fibre laminated membrane bags). The collected dust from the bag house will be rich in chlorides and alkalis and therefore will be extracted and fed to water sprayed nodulizer. The nodulizer product will be discharged to road trucks and transported to the disposal area. Cleaned gas from bypass bag house will have maximum dust content in cleaned exit gas of 30mg/ Nm3. Cleaned gas from bypass system will be vented to the atmosphere through a chimney. Gaseous emissions and dust monitoring equipment should be provided at the bypass chimney.
4.8.6. Gas Transport System
A Bag house and 3 fan system is proposed for transport of kiln and raw mill gases and their cleaning. The ID fans for kiln, raw mill and bag house will be equipped with frequency controlled variable speed motors.
4.8.7. Dedusting of Kiln
Kiln and raw mill exit gases will be cleaned in common bag house type filter of modern design equipped with high temperature textile filter bags (preferably glass-fibre laminated membrane bags). The bag house de-dusting system will be designed for maximum dust content in cleaned exit gas of 30 mg /Nm³.Cleaned exit gas from kiln and raw mill system will be vented to the atmosphere through a kiln stack of appropriate height and structure. On-line gaseous emissions and dust monitoring equipment will be provided at the kiln stack.
4.8.8. Kiln and Kiln Firing
A rotary kiln with nominal capacity of 5,000 tpd is envisaged for the project. The kiln will be used with either 2 or 3 piers; even though 2 pier short kiln will be preferred. Kiln will be driven by AC frequency controlled variable speed drive. Kiln burner platform will be roofed and will include a suitable gantry crane for lifting of equipment and refractory. The kiln shell will be provided with adequate number of cooling fans. For monitoring the kiln shell temperature, shell scanner will be included. The Natural Gas will be used as fuel for kiln system. The firing in the kiln will be done with fuel efficient, multi fuel type burner with low primary air consumption and mounted in a motorized trolley. The natural gas pipeline and gas reduction station will be extended to the proposed factory location. One spare burner assembly (without motorized trolley) will be provided as stand by. The kiln drive unit will be suitably heat shielded to protect the gearbox, motor and support roller from kiln 91 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) radiation. The kiln shell material will be selected to withstand the high shell temperature. An automatic hydraulic driven axial thrust device will be provided for the kiln. The kiln shell be provided with automatic spray lubricated girth gear and pinion drive. The kiln gear box will be provided with automatic oil lubrication system. The kiln will be equipped with effective kiln pneumatically operated seals at inlet and outlet to prevent from dust spillage and false air ingress. An auxiliary drive system with over running clutch and torque limiting coupling for over load protection will be provided. Minimum 2 nos. manholes with doors will be provided at kiln shell. The kiln shell cooling fans will have FRP (Fiber glass Reinforced Polymers) blade impellers or equivalent to have lowest energy consumption. Kiln radiation and refractory monitoring system and kiln camera at kiln burning zone will be provided for monitoring the kiln process. Pyrometers will be provided for measuring of kiln Back End Temperature (BET) and Burning Zone Temperature (BZT). A sample taking point will be provided at the kiln inlet for hot meal sampling. The kiln exit gas will be used for drying the raw materials in the raw mill system. It will be dedusted by raw mill Bag house during direct operation (mill out of operation). It will be designed for the total kiln exit gas amount, required in case of direct operation, i.e. the raw mill is out of operation with N-1 chambers (One chamber for air cleaning). The guaranteed clean gas content will be 30 mg/ Nm³, dry, N-1 (one chamber blocked) at all operating conditions.
4.8.9. Clinker Cooler
The clinker will be cooled in clinker cooler to a temperature of maximum 65 deg ⁰C above ambient temperature. The clinker cooler will be equipped with an integrated roller type crusher for clinker crushing. Considering kiln upset conditions, surges from kiln during operation and also in view of future capacity enhancement /optimization, cooler size will be selected to handle 5,500 tpd clinker with nominal cooler loading of 42 tpd / m². In line with current practice, for better heat recuperation, new generation pit less zero spillage with moving floor type cooler will be provided. The cooler discharge has been considered above ground level to avoid any pit or tunnel. A clinker cooler ESP and a cooler ESP fan will be installed for de-dusting and venting of the cooler exhaust gases with a dust emission level less than 50 mg / Nm³ at stack on dry basis. For a situation when the cooler exhaust gas temperature exceeds a safe value, say 300 deg ⁰C, the provision will be made for gas cooling by water spray in duct between cooler exit and cooler ESP. ESP dust extraction by chain conveyors is foreseen. The clinker crusher (roller crusher) will break the oversize clinker to a grain size of 0-30 mm. The clinker breaker will be provided with wear and abrasion resistance liners. At clinker crusher discharge a two way chute will be provided in order to feed a stand by pan conveyor. One working and one stand by pan conveyor will be provided to transport clinker from cooler to clinker silo. Both Pan
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) conveyors (from cooler to clinker silo) capacity will be 350 tph. The hydraulically driven cooler drive will be preferred for cooler grates. Otherwise, the cooler grate drives with variable speed frequency controlled VVVF drives will be provided. The centralized lubrication system will be provided for the cooler bearings. The cooler fans will be directly coupled, high efficiency, back ward curve aerofoil design blades driven by variable speed motors of VVVF type. The cooler will be equipped with suitable high efficiency water spray system for cooling the gas temperature as per process requirement. A cooler camera will be provided for on line monitoring of the cooler process condition during operation. Continuous online weighing system and optical pyrometer (to measure clinker temperature) will be provided in the pan conveyor after the cooler. The partial heat recovery from the clinker cooler will be used as secondary air for the kiln and as tertiary air in precalciner.
4.8.10. Clinker transport & storage
One clinker silo of capacity 100,000 t will be provided. The clinker silo will have large diameter with conical tent roof and in RCC construction. The silo will have a center shaft with multiple discharge gates. The discharge gates of central shaft will be provided with steel curb angle for wear protection. Clinker Silo will be fully covered and water proof. The silo roof will have completely covered shed. One entry for pay loader /dozer will be provided in clinker silo side wall for extracting clinker in case of silo full condition. Between cooler and clinker silo an off-spec clinker silo of capacity 1,000 t will be provided. The off-spec clinker silo will be equipped with telescopic bulk loading spout for loading and disposing the clinker on the trucks. Additionally, the discharge of off-spec silo will be connected to one of the conveyor at clinker silo extraction. The silo will be provided with suitable number of clinker gates for the extraction of clinker from the silo bottom. Number of silo extraction gates will be provided based on silo configuration and to achieve maximum emptying of silo. Each of the clinker discharge gates will be provided with needle gate and motorized gates, specifically designed to handle clinker. Each of the clinker discharge gates will be provided with needle gate and motorized gates, specifically designed to handle clinker. For the clinker extraction below the silo, minimum 3 extraction tunnels will be provided. The central row will be provided with steel Pan conveyor, where as the other tunnels will be provided with heat resistant belt conveyors. These extraction conveyors will feed the clinker into mill feeding hopper through a common belt conveyor. An ultrasonic / infrared type continuous level indicator and a high level indicator will be provided to indicate the level of clinker in the silo and off-spec clinker bin. A suitably sized bag filter will be used for venting of the clinker silo.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) The clinker silo and handling conveyors will be provided with suitable number of de-dusting system such that the entire area is clean and free from nuisance dust. The clean gas content of the gases will be less than 30 mg/Nm³.
4.8.11. Fuel station.
Natural Gas will be used as a primary and main fuel. M/s Azerigas (a close joint stock company, Ministry of Industry & Energy) will supply the natural gas (@ 41666.6 m³/hr ), through pipeline of dia 530 mm, at Working pressure 6-13 kg/cm² near factory site. Suitable gas reducing & metering station and distribution system inclusive of pumps, filters, pipes, valves, safety instruments, etc will be provided as per factory requirement. The gas distribution will be done in a ratio of 60:40 between Pre-heater and kiln. It will also be utilized for hot air generator and heating system as per requirement. The Hot air generators, kiln & pre-heater burner will be suitably sized based on the NCV of natural gas.
4.8.12. Cement grinding system
In order to manufacture different variety of cement (OPC and PPC), two sets of grinding mill of capacity 160 tph each at 3500 blaines on OPC is proposed. The ball mill will be preferably driven with central drive (Without girth gear) gear box and supported on slide shoe bearings. Forced lubrication system will be provided for gear box. The mill system will be equipped with hydraulic system and lubrication system for supporting bearings. The suitable heat exchanger, oil heater and oil cooling system will be provided for gear box, mill bearing and motor, according to prevailing climatic conditions. The ball mill will have space and engineering provision for installation of roller press in combi mode operation in future. Clinker hopper will receive clinker from clinker silo through set of conveyor, whereas additives will be fed from additive reclaimer conveyor. At hoppers extraction, belt weigh feeder will be provided for proportionate feeding of material to cement mill. The capacity of hoppers (Double discharge) and weigh feeder will be as below:
# Description Hopper Construction Weigh Feeder Capacity(For each Capacity line) 1 Clinker 1,000 t RCC / Steel 16 – 160 tph 2 Gypsum 200 t RCC / Steel 1.5 - 15 tph 3 Volcanic Ash 500 t RCC / Steel 7.5 – 75 tph 4 Trass/HG 500 t RCC / Steel 7.5 – 75 tph Limestone
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) The hoppers will be with double discharge opening at bottom and equipped with suitable liner. The high and low level switches will be provided in case of RCC hoppers. The steel hoppers will be mounted on load cells and high level switch will be provided for safety. From the weigh feeders the feed material will be collected in a belt conveyor and fed to mill. For safety purpose, metal detector and magnetic separator will be provided in mill feed circuit. Each ball mill will have high efficiency dynamic separator and multi cyclones for separation and classification of mill outlet dust laden gases. Separate bag filters will be provided for the venting of Mill and separator. The coarse material from separator will return to the ball mill inlet for further grinding. If required the hot gases from cooler exhaust fan will be drawn to cement mills for drying based on heat balance of cement mill in maximum moisture condition. In case cooler exhaust gases are not sufficient natural gas fired hot air generator will be provided to supply hot air to cement mill for drying as may be required during high moisture level in the feed material. Water spray system will be provided for the mill for controlling the cement temperature. The product collection from each mill will be done in bag filter, the collected cement after the bag filter will be transported to cement silos by Air slides and bucket elevator of capacity 350 tph. The silo feed elevator of each mill will be arranged in such a way that, it can receive the product from either mill and other elevator can be as stand by, if same type of cement is produced in both mills. An auto sampler will be provided for sample collection in product air slide before silo feeding in each mill.
4.8.13. Cement storage
The ground cement from the grinding system will be transported to the cement silo with the help of air slides and bucket elevator. At the discharge of cement silo feeding elevator, provision for diverting gate will be considered for diverting the cement to silos for bulk wagon loading system. Silo feeding arrangement will ensure uniform and wide distribution for better capacity utilization of the silo For cement storage, 2 (Two) nos cement storage silo are envisaged with capacity of 15,000 t each. Out of these two silos, one silo will be with single compartment and other silo will be double compartment (Two concentric cylinders with capacity 7,500 t each). All the silos will be in RCC construction and have inverted cone or flat bottom design with aerated extraction system. The silo aeration blowers are to be located in silo bottom. Complete emptying of the silos must be guaranteed by appropriate design of silo bottom and aeration system. A silo level indication system will be installed. Suitable number of bag filters will be provided to maintain the clean gas content of the complete area less than 30 mg/ Nm3. An automatic sampling device will be installed for continuous sampling In each silo cement will be extracted through air slides into the bin below. Suitable numbers of openings (depending on the silo diameter) at cone extraction will be provided along with manual and pneumatic shut off gate and motorized control gate for dosing. The extraction ports will have sequential
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) timer operation and will feed to load cell mounted central bin of 50 m3 capacity. From central bin cement will then be extracted through extraction ports, consists of shut off gates and dosing valves. Each port of central bin will transport cement to for following application:
▪ Packing factory for bag packing.
▪ Bulk loading system
Future provision will be provided for jumbo bag (for 1 MT or 1.5 MT bag) packing facility.
4.8.14. Cement packing and despatch
About 60% of the cement will be dispatched in 50 kg bags through trucks and balance 40% cement will be dispatched in bulk through bulk trucks. The 50 kg cement will be packed in Paper and/ or HDPE bags and loaded in open and / or close trucks / trailers. Future Space and engineering provisions for 1 x 120 tph Palletized and Shrink wrapping unit (60 pallets / hr) will be provided. Pallet loading in truck through fork lifts loading of packed bags will be either in Pallets with shrink wrapped or directly in trucks. Accordingly following packing & dispatch facility will be provided: S. No. Type of Despatch Equipment required 1 50 Kg bag dispatch 4 x 120 tph, 8 Spouts Rotary Electronic Packer 6 x 120 tph Bag truck loader (Suitable for loading long open or closetrucks / trailer about 12 m long) 2 Cement Bulk Loading 4 x 100 tph Spout with 4 x 80 t weigh bridge, Single compartment silo will have 2 bulk loading points and Doublecompartment silo will have 1 bulk loading point for each compartment(Total 2 nos. for this silo)
4.8.15. Bag Packing (50 kg cement bag)
Cement packing building will be made completely closed with brick work. Cement from silo extraction will be received through air slides to packer elevator. For packing of 50 kg cement bags 3 nos. electronic rotary packers of capacity 120 tph (8 spouts) are envisaged. The packer will be designed for weighing accuracy of +150/-80 gm per bag from each spout. Packer will be suitable for packing 50 kg Paper or HDPE both. On line Bag weigher, Bag cleaner and Bag Shredder will be provided with each packer unit. On-line automatic bag labeling machine will be provided for printing of dispatch details on the bags. Cement from all the silos can be feed to any packer
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) through air slide or suitable conveying system for flexibility of operation. A stationary vacuum cleaning system for the entire packing factory be installed with sufficient number of automatic stop nozzles (stock cocks) in order to allow cleaning of all areas exposed to dust. The system will allow simultaneous use of at least two points per cleaning system. Packed bag will be transported by a set of belt conveyors and bag diverters and will be dispatched with the help of 6 nos. semi automatic ground mounted truck loaders of 120 tph capacity. Truck loaders will be suitable for loading trucks & 12 m long trailer both and mounted in the ground. The packed bags from all packers will also be fed to Palletizing and shrink-wrapping plant. For all auxiliaries and packing machine, suitable no. of bag filters will be provided to maintain the clean gas content of the complete area within 30 mg/ Nm3. Palletizing and Shrink Wrapping Factory Only space and engineering provisions for future will be provided for the Palletizing and Shrink wrapping plant, considering the following requirements:
• Automatic palletizing and shrink-wrapping plant/line will be foreseen and designed in such a way to be of multi, flexible and extendable design. • The automatic palletizing machine will be capable to palletize bagged Cement On wooden / polymer pallets and/or slings with necessary empty pallets dynamic magazine with a capacity of 120 tph suitable for palletizing the pallets up to 2.75 t each. • The shrink-wrapping machines will be capable to shrink-wrap the bagged Cement stacked on wooden / polymer pallet stacks with a capacity of 60 pallets / hr each. • The palletizing and shrink-wrapping plant/line will be located in the covered storage. • The handling and truck loading of pallets will be done through forklifts. • Provision of loading the bags and pallets in wagon will be kept in the layout.
4.8.16. Bulk Cement Loading (On trucks)
Under the cement silos near cement mills, cement bulk loading spout will be provided for loading the bulk cement in bulk trucks. Each bulk loading system will have 1 no bulk-loading spout of capacity 100 tph. Total 4 nos spouts will be provided, 2 under each silos. Under the each bulk-loading spout, weighbridge of 80 t capacities will be provided. For the loading of cement pendent push button to be provided at ground level for easy operation and control. Bulk Cement Loading (On Wagon) Space and Engineering provision for future for bulk loading of cement in closed rail wagon through 2 nos. cement silo over the railway track, will be provided.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4.8.17. Empty bag storage
An empty bags store having bag storage capacity for about 20 days will be provided. The empty bags will have mechanized handling of incoming rolls and feeding to packing machines. The bag store will be provided with adequate fire protection system (Sprinklers)..
4.8.18. Quality control
The quality control department at the proposed factory will have the following facilities:
4.8.19. For chemical analysis.
Bulk Material Analyzer
Cross Belt Analyzer – CBA – will be used for on-line real time process control & raw material management. Project envisages two nos. CBA in the following location • At the Lime stone transport conveyor after crusher • At the raw mill feeding conveyor X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) X-ray fluorescence can be used for on-line proportioning & control of raw mix preparation. Generally, 5-13elemental oxides can be analyzed. Provisions for installation of Auto sample collection, Auto samplepreparation employing robotic technology & its pneumatic transportation to laboratory are envisaged. X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) It can be used for estimation of phases (C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF) & free lime in clinker.
4.8.20. For physical analysis
Facilities for testing the physical properties like sieve analysis, setting time, soundness, fineness, CCS, grindability, moisture content, lime reactivity & drying shrinkage, etc. Particle Size Distribution (PSD) For determining the particle size distribution of the raw mix, clinker, cements, etc. a laser diffraction type PSD analyzer may be installed having typical particle size range of 0.3 mm – 400 micron.
4.9 Quality control plan
The following tests are required for effective quality control:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 1.1 Limestone Before feeding to __ Continuous Size fraction analysis, the stockpiles Complete chemical analysis. 1.2 Raw mix Before feeding to __ Continuous Size fraction analysis, the raw mill Complete chemical analysis. 1.3 Additives / Conveyor Belt Manual 2 Hourly Size fraction analysis, Correctives Complete chemical analysis of composite sample from each batch. 1.4 Raw meal Before raw meal Automatic Continuous Particle size distribution silo analysis, Complete chemical analysis, LSF, SM, AM etc. 1.5 Kiln feed & Kiln feed & Homo Manual Continuous Particle size distribution Homogenization – silo before silo analysis, Complete silo chemical analysis, LOI, LSF, SM, AM etc. 1.6 Kiln dust Bag house Manual Once in 8 Particle size distribution discharge hours analysis, Complete chemical analysis, LOI, LSF, SM, AM etc. 2.0 Pyro Processing 2.1 Clinker Clinker cooler Manual 1 hourly Complete chemical outlet analysis including clinker phase compositions, free lime, LSF, SM and AM. 2.2 Hot meal Kiln Meal Chute Manual 2 Hourly Complete chemical analysis including clinker phase compositions, free lime, LSF, SM and AM. 3.0 Cement Cement Silo elevator feed Manual Continuous Fineness, complete 3.1 grinding chemical analysis and setting time Composite daily sample All physical and chemical testing, as per standards Cement At extraction silo Manual 1 hourly Fineness, complete 3.2 dispatch chemical analysis and setting time, if necessary. Composite daily sample All physical and chemicaltesting, as per standards. Lab cement - Composite daily sample All physical and 3.3 sample (Pilot of clinker + Gypsum chemical testing, as per cement mill) standards.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4.10 Codes & standard
The following codes and standard will be applicable: • GOST 3476-76 Method of determination of cement normal density, period of cementation and soundness. • GOST 3476-76 Blast furnace and phosphoric granulated slag used for cement product production. • GOST 4013-82 Gypsum and gypsum anhydrite stone for production of cementing material. • GOST 5382-91 Cement & Cement production material. Method of chemical analysis. • GOST 25094-94 Active mineral additives for cement. Method of testing. • GOST 30108-94 Construction material and goods. Determination of the specific effective of natural radioactive nuclides. • GOST 30515-97 General technical specifications of cements. • GOST 30744-2001 Method of cement testing using poly fractional sand. • GOST 30515 Packing of cement. • GOST 30108 specific effective activities of natural radioactive nuclides in cement is determined
4.11 Sampling
The following description of the proposed installations serves will be used in quality and process control. RAW MATERIALS Limestone & Raw Mix Automatic on-line analyzer (cross-belt type) will be installed before the limestone stacker and raw mill feeding. This is for the continuous control of the building-up of the stockpile as well as for obtaining the average chemical analysis of the stockpile. Raw Meal and Kiln Feed Automatic samplers with mixer and return conveying equipment will be in- stalled after Raw Mill for taking representative samples of the Raw Meal/Silo Feed. The samplers will collect a sufficient amount of material either continuously or intermittently during the sampling period, which can be pre- programmed. The collected material will be automatically mixed and filled into suitable cartouches, which will be automatically transported to the laboratory. The same type of automatic samplers will be installed downstream the kiln feeding factory for collecting Kiln Feed samples. The samplers will be in- stalled at a location where the return kiln dust (from the dust bin or directly from the filter) is included.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) In addition to that manual sampling points/facilities will be foreseen adjacent to each automatic sampler(for stand-by and cross-checks). Hot Meal Pneumatically operated piston-type automatic samplers will be installed at both kiln-feeding chutes for collecting precalcined hot raw meal samples at the required frequency. The collected hot meal will be automatically cooled, mixed and filled into suitable cartouches, which will be manually transported to the laboratory. The sampling device will be made of heat resistant steel alloy. Kiln Dust Screw type sampler will be installed into the feed chute in front of the Kiln Dust Bin feeding Bucket Elevator. Sample collection and transport to the laboratory will be by carried out manually. Clinker A clinker-sampling unit will be installed at the discharge end of the clinker transport conveyor to obtain representative samples from the main material flow. Sample collection and transport to the laboratory will be by carried out manually. Cement Automatic samplers, similar to those described above for the sampling of raw meal will be provided for cement mill. The transportation of the samples will be done manually to lab. Cement Bags The cement bags will be tested for overall size, nozzle dimension, gluing, stitching and permeability and tensile strength as per Owner’s requirement.
4.11.1. Sample Preparation and Analyzing
Samples received at the laboratory will be prepared for the various tests/analyses manually. Laboratory Laboratory will be accommodated in the Central Control Room (CCR) building. The laboratory will have the provision of chemical and physical testing facilities for raw materials, clinker, gypsum, cement. The laboratory will be equipped with necessary instruments, machines, appliances, chemicals etc required to carry out the test and analysis described above.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4.11.2. Compressed air supply system
For the proposed 5,000 tpd cement plant, the estimated compressed air quantity for the various process departments will be as below:
# Department Air Quantity (m³/hr) with 25% safety margin 1 Limestone Crusher and stock pile 200
2 Corrective & Additive Crushing and stock 150 piles 3 Raw mill & Blending silo 400 4 Kiln Bag house 950 5 Kiln, PH & Cooler 3000 6 Natural gas distribution system 50
7 Clinker Transport and silo 250
8 Cement Mill (VRM) & Cement Silo 500 including additive storages
9 Packing and Dispatches 500 Total requirement 6,000 Emergency compressor for Pyro-process 175
The quantity specified above is indicative, tenderer will design the compressed air network based on the equipment requirement and process selection. Three (03) independent compressed air stations with the respective distribution network are envisaged for the various factory departments. The compressed air systems will have ample supply reserve and will serve each consumer according to the prevailing requirements. The first compressed air room will be located in the limestone crushing area to cater the compressed air requirement of all crushers including corrective and additive and stockpiles. This will have compressor of capacity about 10 m3 / min (1 working + 1 standby) with filtration unit, air dryer and air receiver. The second compressed air room will be located close to the raw mill and preheater. This will serve the requirements of the raw meal preparation and clinker-manufacturing department. 4 nos compressors (3 working + 1 stand by) of capacity 30 m3/min each with filtration unit, air dryer and air receiver are consider for this Unit.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) The third compressed air room will be located near the cement mill section to serve the requirements of the cement silo, cement mill and packing & dispatch section. 3 nos compressors (2 working + 1 stand by)of capacity 30m3/min each with filtration unit, air dryer and air receiver are consider for this unit. In addition to the above one emergency compressor of capacity 3 m3 / min will be provided in Pyro section for cleaning of preheater cyclone and to run the vital equipment during kiln stoppage and out of power situation. Some utility compressor will be provided in the workshop and garage to serve the maintenance requirements. The compressor(s) will be screw, oil free type. Preferably air cooled compressors will be used. Suitable Air dryers will be provided to remove the excess moisture in the compressed air and to ensure that service air quality meets the specified requirements. Air dryer will be provided individually for each compressor. Compressed air pipe lines will be above ground level (overhead) with central header system and off take to branches regulated through adequately sized air receivers. Suitable nos. of Air receiver will be provided near major consumer to maintain the air pressure requirement. The energy-saving variable speed compressor will be deployed to meet the low quantity air supply demand, while the constant speed compressor will be switched-on to cater for higher level of demand Location of compressor rooms will be decided / determined during detailed engineering stage.
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5. QUANTİTY OF WASTE EMİTTED TO THE ATMOSPHERE, TO HE LAND AND SİDES AND İTS İMPACT TO ENVİRONMENT.
5.1.1. Calculation of harmful substances emitted to the atmosphere through the technique used during construction works.
Emission sources to the atmosphere are divided into the following groups in such works: Fuel tanks considered for special techniques (hydrocarbon pollution source); Diesel generator engine used to get electric power (oxide gases and hydrocarbon source); Special technique and transportation engine (oxide gases and hydrocarbon pollution source); Dust winnowed to the atmosphere during ground excavations and auto-motions. Total quantity of waste was identified due to special emission factor of all pollution sources.
5.1.2. Calculation of harmful substances to the atmosphere while the technique is in motion.
Calculation of harmful substance emitted to the atmosphere while the technique is in motion. Quantity of harmful substances thrown to the atmosphere during technique motions is measured by the methodology on «Методика расчета вредных выбросо (сбросов) для комплекса оборудования открытых горных работ (на основе удельных показателей). Люберцы -1999." Reports on the quantity of harmful substances in waste sources were prepared in Russia Federative Republic and written on “Special Programs” having international licence. Thus, the program and outcomes are originally introduced in Appendixes without any translation.
5.1.3. Calculation of harmful substances emitted to the atmosphere during explosions in quarries
The reports of quantity of pollution sources of harmful substances extract from pollution sources were carried out with “Special programs” that was developed in Russia Federative Republic and has an International license. It is therefore the aforementioned program and achieved results being in original copy were given in Annexes without interpretation.
5.1.4. Calculation of polluted areas created by harmful substance emitted to the atmosphere
The review of aforementioned short term measures conducted by SRM indicates only the condition of the measuring period. That means they are instant descriptions and is not suitable for assessment of the long term impacts to the atmosphere. The additional information can be get from the calculation via modernization of atmosphere deispersion. At the same time the assessments for average annual rates and short term the moswt unfavourable condition of the year. Besides that, information on the modernization of atmoshphere dispersion, distribution of assessment in place.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) The harmful substances emit to the atmosphere spreading around environment negatively impact to environment depending on meteorological condition and geometrical and physical parameters of emission source. Different mathematical models that express spread of harmful substances to the atmosphere are used in order to assess these impacts. All of these mathematical models are based on diffusion equation in atmosphere. M.E.Beryland method is used in the project that is popular in the world. It is clear that, the vortical action of substances (harmful substances, thermal) is expressed with three measured diffusion equation. In general the forecasting of air pollution issue from the mathematical point of vies can be accepted as solution in definite beginning and boundary condition of differential equation. So, forecasting equation converts to usually used atmosphere diffusion equation. ∂q ∂q ∂ ∂q ∂ ∂q u − ω = k + k −αq (1) ∂x ∂z ∂z z ∂z ∂y y ∂y
Here t-time; xi – coordinates; ui və ki – xi (i = 1, 2, 3) composition parts of dislocation of additives and exchange coefficient that belongs to spindle direction; α– a coefficient that defines change of concentrations on the account of additive change. Some simplifying in solution of concerete issues are acceptable and the general case of diffusion equation is simplified. The algorithm of achieved solution was formed as the following formule.
Cm = A M F m n η (5.1) 2 3 H √ V1 ΔT Here , A= aK/u1=u10 , a =0,3, A – spread coefficient in vertical and horizontal flatness; M – the quantity of harmful substances, g/sec; F – measureless coefficient, indicates the fall speed of harmful substance; min – measureless coefficient; η - impact coefficient of the relief; T – temperatures difference; H – height of the source; V – the volume of air – gas additive. Theortically the achived results was put into practice to emission pipes of “Gizildash cement” factory practically. The spread of dust, carbon gas (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO2) emit to atmosphere from pipes were calculated and the map is given.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Atmosphere dispersion modeling of smoke emission from the pipes of Gizildash cement factory have been implemented in order to assess the impact with regard to exploitation in the field. This model gives an opportunity to carry out calculation due to superiority of wind condition and structured topography. The emission sources can be defined as dotted, field or voluminous. By using the wind directions, wind speed and atmosphere stability as parameters, detailed meteorological parameters were used for formation of dispersion classification statistics. The report of pollution sites of emitted harmful substances to the atmosphere have carried out for only permanent sources (pipe N 1 - 46). The height of emission sources, diameters and close location resembling sources were combined beased on methodical instruction. The main high sources (32, 33, 44, 45 və 46–cı mənbələr) were remained as they were before. The remaining were combined under the 41 sources and 5 sources. The summary of parameters of theses sources were given in Tabel 5.3. Full year period exploitation are supposed for calculations (8 760 saat) and it is stopped only for technical service purposes of which annually decrease the exploitation duration for up to 4 weeks.
5.2. Meteorological parameters
Information that is representative for the project site is included to the dispersion model via three measured statistics special format that is required from program maintenance. As it was noted, the closest meteorological station is located in Puta which is 25 km from north- east. The more detailed information can be get from Baku airport station located in 50 km north-east distance. The wind direction with wind flower in 10° sectors of Baku airport station was given in Figure 3-7.
Wind flowers ofor Puta was displayed in Figure 3-6. The statistics of Baku airport station became an interesting site for its wind are simulation. That means, the statistics information of the station was modulated via topography of the regions. According to this approach the statistics over Baku can be accepted and can be considered as representative for site area.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 5.1. The quantity of emitted harmful substances to the atmosphere and the environmental characters. Codes MPC MPC Riskine Quantity of wastes Title of of Maximum Average ss class substances substan for one day g\sec t\year ces occasion ìã/m3 ìã/ì3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dust 2904 0.5 0.15 3 5,094 113,177 Cement dust 2903 0.3 3 6,144 163,732 Carbon oxide 337 5 3 4 Nnitrogen oxide 304 0.085 0.04 2 43,5 1240,2 Suplhur 330 0.5 0.05 3 34.8 992,22 anhydride Welding 143 - - - 4.07 29,33 Qaynaq aerosol
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 5.3. Parameters of impact sources to atmosphere. Tullantı mənbələri Qaz-hava qatışıgının Tullantı mənbələrinin kordinatları parametrləri Production, Title of sources Annual title N Heig Diame Speed Volu Tem Dotted source or End of tactics plante, field working ht m ter, m m\sec me pera beginning of tactics source hours m3\sec ture, source oC
X1 Y1 X2 Y2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Preparation of Grinding, storage raw material and transport of 3300 Dust 1 10.0 0.63 2.0.2 6.3 <90 485 -5 - - limestone Grinding 3300 Dust 1.9 <90 472 2 7.0 0.4 15.13 0 - -
Grinding 3300 Dust 1.9 <90 429 3 7.0 0.4 15.13 0 - -
Grinding Dust 4 7.0 0.4 15.13 0 - - 3300 1.9 <90 383
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 5.3. continuation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Grinding, storage Dust Preparation and transport of 3300 1.9 <90 86 of raw corrections and 5 7.0 0.4 15.13 172 - - material additives Area Dust Grinding, storage and transport of 3300 6 7.0 0.4 39.8 5.0 <90 264 122 - - corrections and additives Grinding, storage Dust and transport of corrections and 3300 7 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 <90 155 122 - - additives Grinding, storage Dust and transport of corrections and 3300 8 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 <90 162 89 - - additives
Grinding, storage Dust and transport of 3300 1.9 <90 242 corrections and 9 7.0 0.4 15.13 89 - - additives Grinding, storage and transport of 3300 1.9 <90 -191 corrections and Dust 10 7.0 0.4 15.13 89 - - additives
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 5.3. continuation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Grinding, storage Preparation and transport of 3300 1.9 <90 -231 of raw corrections and Dust 11 7.0 0.4 15.13 89 material additives Area Raw material mill 6270 Dust 12 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 231 -3 - - bunkers Raw material mill 6270 Dust 13 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 261 -3 - - bunkers Raw material mill 6270 Dust 14 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 251 -3 - - bunkers Raw material mill 6270 Dust 15 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 244 -3 - - bunkers Raw material mill 6930 Dust 16 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 <90 152 0 - -
Raw material mill 6930 Dust 17 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 <90 92 -16 - -
Raw material mill 6930 Dust 18 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 66 3 - - silos Raw material mill 6930 Dust 19 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 <90 59 -5 - - silos Raw material mill 6930 Dust 20 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 <90 - - silos Clinker Dust 21 7.0 0.4 10.35 -2 - - preparation Primary heating 7920 1.3 <120 -59 area kiln and cooler
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 5.3. continuation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Preheater, kiln and 7920 Dust 22 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 -109 0 - - cooler Storage of clinker Dust 23 7.0 0.4 15.13 0 - - and kiln dust and 1.9 <90 -178 transport 7920 Storage of clinker Dust 24 7.0 0.4 15.13 3.3 - - and kiln dust and 1.9 <90 -132 transport 7920 Storage of clinker Dust 25 7.0 0.4 15.13 -5 - - and kiln dust and 1.9 <90 -132 transport 7920 Storage of clinker Dust 26 7.0 0.4 15.13 -86 - - Clinker and kiln dust and 1.9 <90 -132 preparation transport 7920 area Storage of clinker Dust 27 7.0 0.4 15.13 -82 - - and kiln dust and 1.9 <90 -241 transport 7920 Storage of clinker Dust 28 7.0 0.4 15.13 -76 - - and kiln dust and 1.9 <90 -340 transport 7920 Storage of clinker Dust 29 7.0 0.4 15.13 76 - - and kiln dust and 1.9 <90 -224 transport 7920 Storage of clinker Dust 30 7.0 0.4 15.13 -76 - - and kiln dust and 1.9 <90 -323 transport 7920 Storage of clinker Dust 31 7.0 0.4 15.13 -73 - - and kiln dust and 1.9 <90 -231 transport 7920 Cement Globe mill -1 6270 Cement 32 45.0 3.0 3.14 22.2 <90 -340 -33 - - grinding dust Globe mill -2 6270 Cement 33 45.0 3.0 3.14 22.2 <90 -323 -33 - - dust 111 «СРМ» ЛTD
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 5.3. continuation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Cement 34 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 -323 -5 - - Cement silos 6270 dust Cement silos Cement 35 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 -323 30 - - 6270 dust Cement silos Cement 36 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 -346 40 - - 6270 dust Cement silos Cement 37 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 -340 40 - - 6270 dust Cement silos Cement 38 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 -330 40 - - 6270 dust Cement silos Cement 39 7.0 0.4 10.35 1.3 <120 -323 40 - - 6270 dust Cement 40 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 <90 -330 66 - - Packing factory 5280 dust Cement 41 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 <90 -327 60 - - PACKING PLANT 5280 dust Cement 42 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 <90 -346 60 - - PACKING PLANT 5280 dust Cement 43 7.0 0.4 15.13 1.9 -340 66 - - dust Dust ESP (Electrostatic 7920 NO2 44 55 5.0 4.43 87.0 120 -33 -33 - - Precipitator) SO2 Bag House (Reverse Air Bag 7920 Dust 45 117 5.2 4.26 90.5 150 105 -35 - - House) By-Pass Filter 7920 Dust 46 35 3.0 1.57 11.1 89 35 - -
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 5.3. continuation N of Gas-dust cleaning equipment Emitted polluted substances to air Remark pollution Title Supply Factual cleaning Title mg\m3 g\sec t\year source coefficient of coefficient clening , % , % 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Bag house type 99.99 99.9 Dust 1 filter 30 0.189 2.245 2 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 0.677 3 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 0.677 4 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 0.677 5 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 0.677 6 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.150 1.782 7 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 0.677 8 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 0.677 9 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 50 0.095 1.129 10 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 0.677 11 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 0.677 12 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.065 1.467 13 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 50 0.065 1.467 14 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 50 0.065 1.467 15 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 50 0.065 1.467 16 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 50 0.095 2.370 17 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.422 18 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.039 0.973 19 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.422 20 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.422 21 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.039 1.112 22 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.039 1.112 23 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.625
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Cədvəl 5.3. continuation 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.625 25 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.625 26 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.625 27 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.625 28 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.625 29 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.625 30 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.625 31 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.057 1.625 32 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.666 15.03 33 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.666 15.03 34 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.039 0.88 35 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.039 0.88 36 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.039 0.88 37 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.039 0.88 38 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.039 0.88 39 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.039 0.88 40 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.057 1.083 41 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.057 1.083 42 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.057 1.083 43 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Cement dust 30 0.057 1.083 44 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 50 4.35 124.02
Nitrogen dioxide 500 43.5 1240.2 Sulphur dioxide 400 34.8 992.22 45 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 2.715 77.41 46 B.h. tyupe filter 99.99 99.9 Dust 30 0.333 9.494
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 5.4. the quantity of dust emitted from limestone and clay querries
N of Gas-dust cleaning equipment təmizləyici Emitted pollution substances to the air Remarks pollution qurgu source Title Supply Factual Title mg\m3 g\sec t\year coefficient of cleaning clening coefficient , % , % 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 47 - - - Dust 10,39 46,2 Limestone querries 48 - - - Dust 0,56 2,23 Clay querries Cəmi Dust 10.95 48.43
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5.3. Impacts to atmosphere air– results and their discussions
5.3.1. Result of modeling
УПРЗА ЭКОЛОГ, версия 2.55
Copyright © 1990-2000 ФИРМА «ИНТЕГРАЛ»
Number of series 01-15-0138, SRM Company
Factory number 88; Baku city Garadagh region Name of the institution: Gizildash cement factory All of coordinates in report were given in the main (city) coordinates (right, to the North 90°) Meteorological parameters Average temperature of the warmest month in the field 28.3° C Average temperature of the coldest month in the field 2.7° C A coefficient depends on atmosphere temperature certification 200 Impact coefficient relief 1 Maximum coefficient of the wind speed in that area 15.0 m/sec
Calculation constants: E1=0.01, E2=0.01, E3=0.01. Area of the city S= km2 The calculation was carried out for the warmest field air temperature. There are no posts for measuring concentrations close to the earth layer. Selection of meteoparameters Wind speed– automatic Wind direction–complete sphere 1° step There are no couples of noted wind direction and speed
5.3.2. Report fitting the project
Primary information Name of the object: Gilizdash cement plant Code of the object: 88 Calculation rate of wind speed In m/s 0.5 V* In shares Vm 0.5 1.0 1.5
Table - 3. Parameters of right-angled report
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Length, m Width, m Step X, m Step Y, m 1000 1000 50 50 Table- 5. Parameters of the source. Gas Coordi Heights Diameter Tempera Coordina № Title volume nate Y, m m ture °С te X, m m3/с m BAG HOUSE TYPE 1 10,0 0,45 2,4 100,0 910 350 FILTER BAG HOUSE TYPE 2 8,0 0,40 1,8 90,0 750 350 FILTER BAG HOUSE TYPE 3 8,0 0,40 1,8 90,0 540 340 FILTER BAG HOUSE TYPE 4 8,0 0,40 1,8 90,0 360 270 FILTER BAG HOUSE TYPE 5 8,0 0,40 1,8 90,0 320 380 FILTER BAG HOUSE TYPE 6 45,0 3,00 22,2 90,0 320 293 FILTER BAG HOUSE TYPE 7 45,0 3,00 22,2 90,0 337 293 FILTER ELECTROSTATICS 8 55,0 5,00 87,0 120,0 627 293 FILTER BAG HOUSE TYPE 9 117,0 5,20 90,5 150,0 765 295 FILTER BAG HOUSE TYPE 10 35,0 3,00 11,1 120,0 749 365 FILTER
Report results on substances
Substance: 2909 – dust MPC, mg/m3: 0,5000 Precipitationcoefficient: 1,0 Substance 2909 Cm, MPC N of source Emission, g/sec Xm, m Um, m/sec comparison 1 0,922 0,3730 139,5 1,7 2 0,419 0,2910 109,5 1,6 3 0,420 0,2917 109,5 1,6 4 0,324 0,2251 109,5 1,6 5 0,453 0,3147 109,5 1,6 9 2,715 0,0043 1559,8 3,0 10 0,333 0,0130 385,5 2,0
Number of source emits substance: 7 total emission through all sources, g/sec: 5,586 total Cm MPC comparison: 1,51 average harmful speed, m/sec: 1,6
Substance: 2903 – Cement dust MPC, mg/m3: 0,3000 precipitation coefficient: 1,0
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Substance 2903
N of source Emission, g/sec Cm, MPC compariosn Xm, m Um, m/sec 6 0,666 0,0213 526,5 2,1 7 0,666 0,0213 526,5 2,1 8 4,350 0,0495 852,4 3,7
Number of source: 3 total emission, q/s: 5.68 total Cm MPC comparison: 0,092 average speed, m/s: 3,0
Substance: 301 – nitrogen dioxide MPC, мг/м3: 0,0850 prcepitatoin coefficient: 1,0
Substance 301
N of source Emission, g/sec Cm, MPC compariosn Xm, m Um, m/sec 8 43,5 1,7458 852,4 3,7
Number of source: 1 total emission, q/s: 43,5 in total Cm MPC comparison: 1,7458 average speed, m/s: 3,7
Substance: 330 – brimstone dioxide MPC, мг/м3: 0,5000 precipitation coefficient: 1,0
Substance 330
N of source Emission, g/sec Cm, MPC compariosn Xm, m Um, m/sec 8 34,8 0,2374 852,4 3,7
Number of source: 1 total emission, q/s: 34,8 in total MPC comparison: 1,7458 calculated results of pollution concentration
Code of the object: 088 title: Gizildash cement
Title of the substance: 0001 substance: dust + cement dust MPC, мг/м3: precipitation coefficient: 1
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Calculated price: Cmax: 1,7322 Cmin: 0,3037
Figure 5.2. Dust + spread map in MPC comparison:
Calculated results of pollutants concentrations
Code of the object: 088 Title of the object: gizildash cement
Substance: title of the substance: 200 Substance: nitrogen dioxide MPC, мг/м3: 0,085 precipitation coefficient: 1
Calculated price: Cmax: 1,7322 Cmin: 0,0079
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Figure 5.2. spread map of nitrogen dioxide in MPC comparison:
Calculated results of pollutants concentrations
Code of the object: 088 Title: gizildash cement
Substance: Title of substance: 701 Substance:sulphur dioxide MPC, мг/м3: 0,5 precipitation coefficient: 1
Calculated rate: Cmax: 0,2356 Cmin: 0,0011
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Figure 5.3. spread map of sulphur dioxide in MPC comparison:
Calculated results of pollutants concentrations
Code of the object: 088 Title: Gizildash cement
Substance: Title of the substance: 2903 Substance: cement dust MPC, мг/м3: 0,3 precipitation coefficient: 1
Calculated rate: Cmax: 0,0907 Cmin: 0,0002
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Şəkil 5.4. Spread map of cement dust in MPC comparison:
1
Calculated results of pollutants concentrations
Code of the object: 88 Title of the onject: Gizildash cement
Substance: title of substance: 2909 Substance: dust MPC, мг/м3: 0,5 precipitation coefficient: 1
Calculated rate: Cmax: 1,21 Cmin: 0,0104
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Figure 5.5. spread map of dust in MPC comparison:
5.3.3. Assessment of air pollution impact to atmosphere air
Based on inventory materials conducted on the new factory project its impact to atmosphere air was assessed and the achieved results were given in tables (table 5.5.) and maps (figure 5.1-5.5). As it may seen from the achieved results nitrogen oxide and sulphur anhydride maximal concentrations were relatively in 1.72 and 0.23 MPC comparison. Maximum concentrations of nitrogen oxide is over norm in factory area. Maximum concentrations of sulfur anhydride is lesser than norm in factory area and out of SMZ. The maximum concentrations of dust being in 1.20 MPC level, is over norm in factory area and lesser than norm out of SMZ. In this regard the payments for wastes should be payed within norm. The following results could be arised from the displayed figures: Gas
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) The annual average concentration maximum depending on height of source in factory area in 0.10– 1.56 km distance, is mostly managed from wind superiority directions. Most part of model area and specially maximum concentrations for settlements is very lower than the general maximum. Solid fractions/dust in air. • It was defined that, the maximum of BH10 concentrations falls on nearby of field area. Big part of fractions are not shipped to a long way as they generate from lower leveled sources as well as storage areas. • The calculated maximum rate for dust precipitation falls on the field area. • As thera are solid metals in dust composition, BH/dust view are representatives for most of heavy metals. Assessment can be summariazed as following: • The calculated maximum concentrations don’t cross over ant standard applied out of SMZ. • An hour maximum of concentrations overstep short term standard levels only in plan area. No overstep in settlements. • Growths of annual average concentrations of BH10 and dust precipitation are lower than applied standards. Results Finally it should be mentioned that, the calculated maximum concentrations meet the applicable national and international standards.
5.3.4. Controlling gaseous emissions
During designing of offered kiln system the requirements of decrease of emitted pollution to the atmosphere and legislation on Environmental Protection and Decision on environmental protection will be considered. Modern technologies such as burning, dose regulation for decreasing emitted harmful gas in burning process (NOx, CO, SOx), monitoring of emitted harmful substances and kiln control and SOx və NOx emissions will be monitored; equipment supply/installation/exploitation will be implemented by contractor.
5.3.5. Controlling dust emissions
Dust generation sources are the following: • Unload bunkers, Storage bunkers etc. • Transport points (at least 2 drawing application should be supplied in each transport point).
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) • Burnt gas • Dus generating mechanisms
In order to prevent dust pollution the dust preventive parts will be projected like that it could correspond to bag house type filter. All of dust sources (46) will be provided with bag house type filter. Bag house type filters must have way out of the building via ventilation pipe. In order to prevent the dust pollution all of unloading bunkers will be provided with dry mist/cold mist water splashing system. Heaper and mixer storage will completely be closed.
5.3.6. Gaseous waste management
At designing of the proposed stove system there will be taken into account minimization of discharges into the atmosphere, as well as requirements of the Legislation on Environmental Protection and Resolution on Environmental Protection (REP). To minimize harmful gases (NOx, CO, SOx) discharged into the atmosphere during combustion action there will be applied monitoring of combustion, dividing on doses and harmful waste discharges into the atmosphere and modern technology on stove control system and also monitoring of SOx and NOx waste; supply/mounting/commissioning of equipment will be carried out by Contractor. By means of these measures as is obvious from isolines of area of contamination caused by discharges into the atmosphere (nitric oxides, sulphur anhydrides) during plant’s operation their impact behind sanitary-hygienic zone, on atmospheric air will be many times below normal.
5.3.7. Dust waste management
The sources of dust formation are: • Unloading Bunkers, Storage Bunkers and etc. • Transportation points (each transportation point should be supplied at least with 2 aspiration plants). • Burned gases • Mechanisms operation of which causes formation of dust. For purposes of prevention of dust waste at plant’s operation dust-collecting plants should be designed so that their sizes fit to sizes of bag filters and one could them regulate. All sources of dust formation will be supplied with bag filters (altogether 46 it.). After bag filters discharges through smokestacks should be discharged outside.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) ELECTROSTATICS PRECIPITATIONS Will be designed by taking into account to supply 50 mq/Nm³ net composition of dry gas in complete working regime. Parts
Dust transportation Insulator chamber Rapper drive station Discharge system Discharge rapping Collecting rapping Inlet Gas distribution system Collecting plates Casing Insulation Inspection door Support
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5.4. Definition of the volume of solid wastes
Solid wastes To present 9 main solid wastes generate in Gizildash cement plant: 1. Used oils 2. Litter 3. Barrels for grinding amplifier substances (IBC) 4. Barrels for abrasive materials 5. Metal crumbs 6. Construction wastes 7. Luminescence lamps (pipe formed lamps) 8. Dust It is not expected that the quantity of solid wastes will increase with regard to works to be implemented in Gizildash cement plant. The removal of such kind of wastes will be carried out according to current process in Gizildash cement plant. Metal wastes. Gizildash cement factory will conclude a contract with “Sanitary-Communal Restoration” state agency owning license on shipment of solid wastes from the factory and their disposal meeting the local requirements. Relevant payments will be made to “Nature conservation resource” foundation for disposing the generated solid wastes in environment.
5.4.1. Wastes generated during construction
When it comes to to taking out and removal of soil according to local rules, then 15-20 cm thickness of surface soil cover will be taken out. No licens is required for this.
5.5. Waters used for industrial-municipal and technological process
5.5.1. Water used for household-domestic and technological purposes
Waters used for technological process.
As far as for calculations 550 m3/day water is used for cooling technological equipments. Out of 300 m3/daily of this will be get from the city water economy and 250 m3/daily from the waste water purifier applications of the plant. As it was mentioned 181.5 min m3/annual technical water is required for cooling the technological application in a year. Out of 99.0 thousand m3/year will be compensated from circulated water system and waste water purifier installations and 82.50 min m3/year from waste water purifier applications. Use of technical water is displayed in figure 5.6, and the scheme of waste water purifier application is displayed in figure 5.7. Waters used for industrial-municipal and technological process.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Technical water The technical waters are the water of factory cleaning applications. These water will be used for irrigation purposes and cooling of technological applications. Recirculation water system. As it was mentioned 181.5 min m3/annual technical water is required for cooling the technological application. From the point of environmental demands, water resources shortage and economical efficiency view the application of recirculation water system is supposed. The demand of recirculation system to water will be 300 m3/day= 99.0 thousand m3/annual. Water which will be used for the purposes of cooling the technological applications belongs to “fresh cycle” category according to its pollution degree. Water is getting hot but exposes to pollution.
Unexpected water demand – 15% As water requirement on looses during evaporation, flow, deposit and leakage consist of – 5% the general water requirement was considered as (300+250+175) x 1,15 x 1,05 = 875,43 m3/day= 288.9 thousand m3/year. Out of 99.0 thousand m3/year will be compensated from circulated water system and waste water purifier installations.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Figure 5.6 Technical water use scheme in exploitation.
5.6. Recirculation water system
As it was mentioned 181.5 min m3/annual technical water is required for cooling the technological application. From the point of environmental demands, water resources shortage and economical efficiency view the application of recirculation water system is supposed. The demand of recirculation system to water will be 300 m3/day= 99.0 thousand m3/annual. Water which will be used for the purposes of cooling the technological applications belongs to “fresh cycle” category according to its pollution degree. Water is getting hot but exposes to pollution. Unexpected water demand – 15% As water requirement on looses during evaporation, flow, deposit and leakage consist of – 5% the general water requirement was considered as (300+250+175) x 1,15 x 1,05 = 875,43 m3/day= 288.9 thousand m3/year. Out of 99.0 thousand m3/year will be compensated from circulated water system and waste water purifier installations. Water balance of new plant–thosuanda m3\year Used water, m3\year New factory Notes Cement production, 2000000 t\il “Azersu” LTD-drinking 189.9 thousand m3/year water Water circulation system 99.0 thousand m3/year Total 288.9 thousand m3/year Waste waters 66.0 thousand m3/year
Waste water Average daily volume of generated waste water consists of 200 m3. These waters will be collected via sewerage system and purified in applications. It was displayed in Figure 5.6.
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Figure 5.7. Waste water purifier application scheme
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 5.7. Waste and leakage impact to environment
5.7.1. Impact on the earth’s crust
Protection of the earth requires special attention as it belogs to the elements of biosphere not naturally restored. The earth gets seriously impacted in exploratory-drilling works of limestone, clay and other raw materials in querries and explosion works. As the limestone are being used in neghbour querries the impact to earth’s crust is in minimum level. Radiation is within the norm in research field.
5.7.2. Impacts on surface and subsoil waters
Technical and municapl purposes waters will be provided from “Azersu” LTD which is goind to be used to cool dry method technologies to be applied for cement production. The generated waste water for about 200 m3\day will be purified in waste water purifier application and returned to reproduction. Water circulation system will be applied in order to econom technical water. Main pollutants in waste water composition are consisted of surface-active substances. Ere will neither direct or indirect impact to surface and subsoil waters.
5.7.3. Impacts on soil-vegetation covers
Plot of land fit for agriculture was examined in EIA surrounding territory. Considerable impacts to soil-vegetation covers are not supposed as the newly established industrial areas were allocated from state in industrial zone.
5.7.4. Impacts on animal kingdom
Due to exploratory-drilling works for raw materials negative impacts such as sound and vibration impacts are expected to animal kingdom.
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6. Mitigating measures for environmental impacts
6.1. Impact Assessment.
The major aim here is to describe environmental impacts of exploratory works in cement plant. All possible project impacts on parameters are forecasted and assessed here. The broadcastings of impacts are based on difference from the observed indicators. That means the primary observation of environment under the direct or indirect impact of project parameters before starting the project activity.
Possible environmental impacts were defined together with mitigating measures during exploratory workings in existing environmental condition. Observed impacts after mitigating measures are called surviving impacts. The following terms are used to provide sequence during discussions over the importance of surviving impacts forecasted in the present report.
Degree of impact. insignificant Though it is possible to be measured, it does not make any material
change in environment. weak It is able to make environmental changes, but cannot fully impact on
environmental conditions, potential productivity or usage. significant Can make enough changes to fully impact on environmental conditions,
potential productivity or usage
Degree of expansion.
Local Impact on 1 km border of working area
Average Impact on borders of contract area
Wide Impact on outskirts of the project site and other areas in Azerbaijan
Period.
Temporary Limited with the period of durable construction operations
Short-term Limited with a year after construction
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Long-term Continuing more than a year after construction
6.2. Possible impacts related to operations to be carried out under normal conditions and measures aimed to mitigate them
• Explorations in the factory will form the following disruption, waste and emission factors in the normal condition: • Waste thrown to the atmosphere during the factory production; • Dangerous and not dangerous solid waste; • Waste waters and industrial-municipal waters; • Sound/noise caused by complex activities; • Waters used for derange of the area and fire extinguishing; The list of planned disposals, emissions and waste related to exploratory workings in normal conditions is given in Chapter 5. These are impacts and mitigating measures in connection with operations in normal conditions and summarized in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1. Impacts and mitigating measures of explorations to be conducted in normal conditions. Possible Balancing/mitigating measures Impact danger 1 2 3 Physical existence of the complex There is no surface fertile layer of soil. Explorations and operations shall be carried out corresponding environmental needs. Expected impact on soil
vegetation cover is weak and Impact on There is a little probability of meeting the big local. There is no probability flora and amount of protected birds, mammals, reptiles of impact on fauna fauna due to location of the object close to settlement
and industry region.
There is no probability to see wild animals as well.
Impact on soil Surface fertile layer of soil doesn’t exist here as Impact on soil is expected to
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) structure the construction works be held in industrial be local. region. Impact on Technical staff shall be beforehand informed of There is no probability of archeological relative procedures to be followed in the cases impact on archeological monuments when archeological monuments are discovered monuments Impact on It is not considered as there is not any mitigating There is no probability of seismology measure. impact on seismic level Waste waters to be generated in municipal, bath- house and sewage will be returned to reuse after Impact of purifying in water treatment application. The waste and No impact on water is industrial water is not generated as the technical municiple expected water is not used in technological process during waters dry production method of cement.
The maximum concentration of nitrogen oxide and sulphur anhydride is 1.72 and 0.23 MPC accordingly. The maximum concentration of nitrogen oxide is over norm in factory area, and Impact on the atmosphere is is little outside of SMZ. expected to be weak and The maximum concentration of dust is in the local in the new cement Possible level of 1.20 MPC, over norm in factory area, factory area. impact on the and little outside of SMZ. It is expected that the impact air and The maximum concentration of dust is in the of limestone, clay and other atmosphere level of 0.30 MPC, is lesser than norm for quarries to the atmosphere be settlements. long lasting and useful. 729.3 t/year dust is expected to be emitted
during the motion of technique in limestone and clay quarries. It is recommended to carry out these operations by scattering water around in order to mitigate this impact. Impact on The cement production is expected to be 2.0 Impact on socio-economic socio- million t/year with regard to construction and sphere will be positive for the economic exploitation of new cement plant. In this regard region. sphere the construction works will be increased speedy
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) in industry and public sector. Complex construction and exploitation is expected to have positive impact on socio-economic sphere of the region. Accordingly, new working places shall be opened related to activities of the complex. Operation in regional fiscal system and working ability of other industrial centers will rise.
6.3. Possible impacts linked with unexpected and emergency situations
The most dangerous unexpected and emergency situations are fire-alarm and explosion in the complex. There is a small probability for fire-alarms. Temperature shall be monitored during fire and relative procedures shall be applied as soon as Fire discovering monitoring systems are on.
6.4. Economic impacts assessment
6.4.1. Assessment of economic damage appearing due to pollution of the atmosphere
Economic damage of harmful substances to the environment is assessed by two main ways: Considering the quantity of annual waste (waste methodology) and thickness of harmful substances ("thickness" methodology). We have used the first methodology to calculate economic damage. This is “Temporary sample methodology to define economic productivity of nature protecting measures”. Economic rate on annual waste loss of harmful matters is tabled out due to the following formula for a separate source: n EL = γ x σ x F x ∑Mi x Αi (6.1) i= 1 Here: EL- loss rate, dollar/year; Number rate is 2.4 $/conditional ton, γ -is a quantity to turn physical damage into economic one. σ-relative pollution indicator of the atmosphere on areas with various air conditions, rates are displayed in table 6.2, this is measureless quantity. F – Measureless change considering distributing characters of mixtures in the atmosphere. It is defined depending on height of polluting area, temperature difference of gas and environment and speed of the wind. Mi - Annual waste bulk of the substance, t/year 135
Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Ai - Relative aggressiveness indicator of the substance, sh. t/year
It is necessary to define active polluted areas of the atmosphere (APEA). APEA for every source is defined due to calculation of dispersion area of harmful substances (picture 5.1. – 5.3.), or with circle covered by R1= 2rh, R2= 20rh outline. Here h – source height, r –measureless correction to waste torch spread in the atmosphere. Program on calculation of economic damage was worked out in terms of the algorithm. Here wind velocity, reiteration of wind direction for each term, quantity of temperature difference in the atmosphere, factor and the area (ha) are noted as well. Calculation of economic damage was worked out in following way: 1. Inventory of harmful substances and waste sources in the project site; 2. Calculation of polluted areas for every ingredient in regional coordinate system; 3. Definition of recipient structure in this area; 4. Calculation of economic damage considering recipient structure; 5. Definition of economic damage for weight of harmful substances; Table 6.2. Rating of σ – constant for various area types. Type of polluted area σ –nın qiyməti
- health resorts, sanatoriums, reserves, preserves 10 - suburban rest zones, gardening cooperates 8 - settlements with population of n dense/hectare (0.1 hectare/man)⋅ n - industrial enterprises (including preserves) and economical junctions, areas 4 - forests: group I 0,2 group II 0.1 group III 0.025 - sowing areas 0.04 northern parts (Sub tropic areas) - central Кura-Аrаz plain 0.1 - other regions 0.1 - gardens, vineyards 0.5 - pastures, hay lands 0.05
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Table 6.3. Assessment of economic damage originated from pollution of the atmosphere.
Name of the PT PT А(i)-relative t/year Payment AZN substance average e.l. aggressivity factor of daily, mg/m3 harmful substance,
mg/m3 conditional, t/t
Dust(limestone and 0.10 113,2 1698 gyps) Cement dust 163,7 2455,5 Nitric oxides 0.04 2.0 41.1 1240,2 32431,23
Sulfur anhidrosis 0.05 10 22 992,2 13890,8 Total 61910,83
6.4.2. Assessment of economic damage appearing due to pollutants of water basin.
Economic damage to people and animals (due to throwing polluting substances to the republican lakes and rivers) is calculated with the following formula:
EL =γ ⋅σ к ∑ Аi M i (6.2) Here: EL – economic damage, man/year; γ - Factor to turn physical damage to economic, $/conditional ton; σ - Relative riskiness factor of various water basins pollution (measureless);
Аi - Relative riskiness indicator of pollutants disposed with waste waters t/t;
Mi - Annual quantity of polluting substances, t/year.
Definition of indicators included in formula (6.2) For the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian lake/sea
γCaspian=2,20 For the Kura River and other rivers
γKura=2,37 Relative riskiness indicator of polluting substances
A1 = 1/ PTLFEi
PTLFEi – possible thickness limit for fishing economy, mg/g3.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA)
Annual quantity of harmful substances (t/year), their relative aggressiveness factor (Аi) and economic damage to water basins was calculated considering regional conditions (table) and parameters included in formula (6.2).
There is no need for calculation of economical losses as polluted water to be generated in “Gizildash cement” factory will be cleaned in waste water purifier application of the factory and afterward be returned for reuse.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA)
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ARRANGEMENT AND CONDUCTION
Arrangement and conduction of environmental monitoring is implemented based on “Regulation on the rules of conducting the state monitoring of environment and natural resources” approved by Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan N 90, dated 1 July 2004. The conduction of monitoring is an important strategy means for full management of environment. The monitoring planning gives an opportunity to uncover and see the potential impacts beforehand. The monitoring plan on the project intends to conduction of standard monitoring works through environment areas as well as incessant conduction of monitoring in the course of emergency situations. Beside that conduction of periodical observation and investigation may be suggested in order to conduct additional assessment. The monitoring works shall cover the whole project area and observation and quality measurements shall be carried out for five years even after the project works are over. The main aim of environmental monitoring is organization of nature protection measures and environmental safety. The environmental monitoring covers the followings: • All technological process which is conducted during cement production by grunt method; • Raw material transport; • Raw material preparation works; • Clinker production; • Clinker cooler; • Cement grinding; • Cement storage; • Composition of natural complex; • atmospheric air; • surface waters; • grunt waters; • Soil-vegetation cover.
Implementation of environmental monitoring is a complex issue and is realized on the base of agreement between Customer and institutions specialized in this field. Environmental aspects of institutional activities are balanced with: 1. Monitoring within the frame of rules on deposit operations; 2. Registration of water reserves and waste: 3. to have permission to use water reserves;
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 4. agreement with monitoring agencies on waste appearance and replacement limits; 5. to present statistic data on waste in the atmosphere, use of water, waste and unsafe waters to a relative body of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources; 6. To arrange analytical monitoring (laboratory) on technogeneous pollutant sources.
The main purpose for environmental monitoring is to control over following environmental (air, water, soil) standards. Automatically monitoring system of wastes shall be installed in newly established cement plant. This system gives an opportunity to control the concentrations of carbon oxide (CO), carbon 2 oxide (NO and NO2), sulfur oxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbon. Environmental monitoring is conducted in three directions. They provide preservation and protection of environment in planned project site (Table 7.1.): 1. Production monitoring; 2. Environmental monitoring; 3. Extra researches and testing-methodological activities on environmental monitoring (TMA)
Table 7.1. Structure of environmental monitoring
Production monitoring Environmental Extra researches and testing- monitoring methodological activities on environmental monitoring (TMA) 1. Control over technology 1. Control over quality of 1. Researches, defining bio-indicators and waste water on water quality 2. Control over water 2. Hydrological 2. Defining methodologies on soil re- reserves monitoring cultivation 3. Control over conditions 3. Monitoring of soil and 3. Improving drilling technologies of roads and cargo vegetation cover and developing new ones to utilize transportation and render waste harmless 4. Control over waste 4. Monitoring of water 4. Additional engineering- waters biota, bottom sediments environmental researches
5. Control over following 5. Monitoring on fauna preservation rules, using and flora dangerous substances and fuel-lubricating materials (FLM).
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA)
6. Control over waste transporting and rendering it harmless
Economical monitoring can be continuous (daily, weekly, quarterly, monthly depending on impact characteristics). Data processing during such monitoring is used in operative management and technological processes. This kind of monitoring is generally conducted by Customer. Economical monitoring can be continuous (daily, weekly, quarterly, monthly depending on impact characteristics). Data processing during such monitoring is used in operative management and technological processes. This kind of monitoring is generally conducted by Customer. Environmental monitoring is a continuous and periodical control over various environmental components due to standards and ecological conditions (monthly, seasonable, and sometimes yearly). Environmental monitoring is realized on the following parameters: control over pollution of the atmosphere, quality of water, quality and quantity of soil, animal and vegetation world. Water biota, social and environmental monitoring. Monitoring of water and soil has to be continuously realized on water and exploratory workings. Monitoring of soil, vegetation and animal world should be realized periodically no less than a year. Extra scientific researches include data processing to improve environmental conditions. This has to be done by executor on the base of extra funding. Environmental monitoring should cover the whole components of natural complex.
7.1. Monitoring of dust wastes
All main solid fractions and gas fired in smoke-duct will periodically be measured and monitoring be held. Special places will be provided for sample taking by hand from smoke-duct.
7.2. Dust collecting conveyers
In order to collect dust collected from dust cleaner application the conveyers will be projected like that, it could carry more than 33% from the full cargo in maximum work regime. The capacity of dust cleaner conveyer mustn’t be less than 15 ton-hours. Monitoring of the atmosphere quality is additionally conducted due to recommendations of OND-86 documents.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Table 7.2. Conduction of monitoring in waste sources. Emission norms Control N of Production Control over harmControl method source area substance periodicity q/san mq/m3
32 Cement Cement dust Twice in a 0.666 Instrumental- grinding month visual 33 Cement Cement dust Twice in a 0.666 Instrumental grinding month 44 ESP Cement dust Twice in a Instrumental revolving NO2 month 4.35 50 kiln SO 43.5 500 34.8 400 45 Bag House Cement dust Twice in a Instrumental (Reverse month 2.715 30 Air Bag House) 46 By-Pass Cement dust Twice in a Instrumental Filter month 0.333 30
Table 7.3. Conduction of monitoring in control points
Control points Control Standard additive during dangerous spped of over wind harmful Coordinates, m Wind substance direction, Dangerous speed, 3 № X Y Additive, mg /m m/sec
1. Control over waste waters. The following control methods on natural, used and waste waters are implemented in project site: It is recommended that, the control over water environment is conducted based on the hydrological and hydro chemical indicators. 2. Control over solid wastes. 8 main waste kind will be generated in Gizildash cement plant: • Used lubricants • Waste • Grinding amplifier substances preserved barrels (IBC) • Abrasive preserved materials barrels • Metal splinters
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) • Construction waste • Luminescence lamps (pipe formed lamps) • Dust
The Gizildash cement factory shall conclude a contract with “Sanitary-Communal Treatment” state organization that has a license on taking all solid wastes from the factory and their treatment according to local requirements. Based on “Rule on certification of harmful waste” approved by Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan N 41 dated 2003 the “Technical certification “on harmful wastes will be developed by specialists.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA)
8. ARRANGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND LBAOR PROTECTION, SAFETY ENGINEERING AND FIRE SAFETY
The company "Norm LTD" considers the decision of questions of environmental protection, a Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the safety engineering, and also social-economic aspects of activity as the major component of the effective organization of activities. In this connection the company "Norm LTD" has incurred obligations: - At an early stage to define the major tasks of environmental protection, a HSE and the safety engineering connected with features of planned works that has allowed developing technical aspects of the project in view of all potential restrictions. − to define all the activity necessary for decrease the negative impacts and possible risks. − In due time to execute the basic requirements of the supervising organizations.
Three above listed problems correspond to domestic and international standards of the given branch. The company "Norm LTD" believes that introduction of corresponding system of the organization of environmental protection, a HSE and the safety engineering is really necessary, that works under the project corresponded to requirements of the Azerbaijan normative documents and the international quality standards. In the given stage is considered expedient to develop a number of the principles defining creation of such system of the organization of works: the System should meet the Azerbaijan requirements and correspond to the international standards. 1. the System of the organization of environmental protection, HSE and the safety engineering should correspond to the basic international standards of the organization of environmental protection, a HSE and the safety engineering (including OHSAS 18001 and ISO). Thus, the system will include: - conduction of regular workshops on the standards of environmental protection, HSE and the safety engineering. − The sustainable development according to national and international requirements; − Active interaction with employees and local population for an explanation of the purposes and tasks of this system; − Standards of environmental protection, HSE and the safety engineering and their execution. Below the primary goals of system of the organization of a HSE and observance of the safety precautions are resulted:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) − Development and active implementation safe technologies of works; − Maintenance of a high level of protection of all employees; At observance of standards of a HSE and the safety engineering - the general aspiration to increase of efficiency and efficiency of works. Work concerning a HSE and the safety engineering will occur to use of a method of an estimation of risks and necessary measures of the engineering and procedural control. The order of manufacture of the works interfaced to industrial risk, such as use of explosives, should be in detail described in safety precautions regulations. The normative documents should be developed meet the safety technique requirement for working places and approved by the administration. The possible risks and their removal ways should be indicated in these documents for the staff. − All employees should pass a curriculum on observance of the general and special requirements of a HSE and the safety engineering.
8.1. Fire discovering system
Installation of comprehensive fire detector system is considered. Fire discovering and alarm equipments are included to this and it covers the whole sections of the factory with fire danger: Electric rooms, transformer rooms and cable cellar
1. Installation tunnels, gallery and engineering supply shafts of the building 2. Remote control rooms of elevators 3. Dispatcher and computer rooms 4. Air conditioner rooms 5. Fuel zones and shafts 6. Lubricating / hydraulic application rooms
The system is consisted of fire-alarms and fire-alarm hand buttons and central accident information panel in riskful zones.
Safety technique and explosion prevention. The most important calculation aspects for safety technique and explosion prevention are given in the following. • Ineffective process (used gas of heater-the quantity of oxygen is little) • Temperature measurement of all important equipments connected to automatic block application in connecting condition to the line
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) • Measurement of the quantity of oxygen in all important equipments connected to automatic block application in connecting condition to the line • Measurement of the quantity of CO in all important equipments connected to automatic block application in connecting condition to the line • Ineffectiveness system that loads CO2 gas to filter, pipes and bunkers. The capacity for keeping the CO2 gas mustn’t be less than 7 ton. The important operational territories of the factory will be provided with control-measurement equipments in order to prevent unexpected and emergency accidents.
Control-measurement equipments
General
The control-measurement equipments includes the properly exploitation of the plant, all exploitation elements required for control and technical service, site equipments and control-measurement equipments as well as control systems. All of site equipment control-measurement equipments and site equipments that are intended for technological block, measurement and security are covered in the project. Kiln frame (corps) scan and control on fireproof are included to the work capacity. For analyzing and measurement of emitted substances to atmosphere relevant gas analyzers and monitors that work in operative regime are included.
Control over emitted dust to atmosphere
The measurement points will be placed at dust emission point of kiln and network cooler (used gas pipe) and the measurement will be carried out by optical methods.
Control over emitted gas to atmosphere
Control equipment over measurement of the quantity of emitted gas to atmosphere from the pipeline of stove/raw material mill. Closed control industry television system (CCTV) The cameras of CCTV will be installed at entrance of kiln and in clinker cooler by combining it with pyrometer system. The camera, special frame (corps) and protection cover, remote control and monitors of the Central Dispatcher Room (CDO) are included. CCTV will be also be included to the project working regime for general view of the plant.
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9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXT
The environmental impact assessment in transboundary context is conducted based on provisions of the Convention adopted by European Commission on Economy in 1991 in Espoo, Finland. The transboundary impact is understood as, the planned economical activity of which its physical source is totally or partly falls on the legal subordination of another country which also means impact to another party at any limit. But the “Gizildash cement” factory which is expected to be built in close area to Sangachal settlement of Garadagh regions doesn’t totally or partly falls on the legal subordination of another country. In this regard the environmental impact assessment in transboundary context was not taken into account in the project.
9.1. Consultations with interested parties and social agencies
All the project data shall be presented to Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Committee of Land and Cartography, Water Industry and Melioration ASC, Ministry of Health and other related bodies, also NGOs and Mass Media in the site, and they will be addressed for support if needed. Local municipals and community members will be involved in discussions over environmental impacts of the project. Envrionmental public awarennes and education works are considered to be realized to improve public role in mitigating environmental impacts of exploratory-drilling. Local communities and interested sides will be informed and advocated by using local papers, the radio, meeting community members and publishing project booklets. By this way, they will get support of local communities and people will take active part in avoiding environmental impacts and damages of the project.
9.2. Advocacy of local communities
It is considered to organize a meeting with the population of Sangachal, Umbaki, Umid and Sahil settlements that is the closest one to the project site and give them information on the expected works related to construction and exploitation of cement factory and it is impact to environment, as well as region and in general to socio-economic development of the country. It will be stressed that there is special need in public support to decrease environmental impacts.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 9.3. Combat pesticides
Construction materials will be produced in “Gizildash cement” plant. Thereby the section on combat pesticides was not considered.
9.4. Cultural heritage
The detailed information was given in 3.8 division of chapter 3 in the project.
9.5. Forests
There are no forest massive in “”Gizildash cement“ factory constructed area and nearby Garadagh region.
9.6. Dam safety
There is no dam in “Gizildash cement” factory constructed area and adjacent Garadagh region
9.7. Projects on international water roads
The factory is not located on international water roads.
9.8. Projects in conflicting territories
Legitimate site was allocated to construction of the factory from the state in industry square in Garadagh region and will not cause to any argument.
9.9. Internally displacement
There will be no internally displacement concerning the implementation of the project.
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10. SUMMARY
10.1. Environmental impact assessment of construction and exploitation “Gizildash cement” factory
“Gizildash cemen” factory is located in east of Azerbaijan, south-west of Baku city, 45 km distance from it, 9 km distance from Sagachal settlement, 10 km distance from the Caspian sea, 50-60 m above the sea level. Production capacity of the aforementioned factory will be 5000 t clinker daily, 2.0 mile t. The results of Environmental Impact Assessment document linked with construction and exploitation of the object is given in this project. EIA project includes 4 indistrial sites (factory site and raw material querries). The report is submitted to the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan, control body, for getting review, opinion and agreement.
10.2. EIA report structure
The current EIA report structure and composition have been discussed and agreed in consultation conducted in October 2009 with participation of cutomer and client in order to define the volume of the work. The sections of abovementioned report was structured as following: In Chapter 1– Strategy and legal and administrative framework on environment and base provisions of Requirements on EIA is summarized In Chapter 2 the project is presented and requirements of legislation balancing EIA process are delineated in the project for exploitation and construction of Gizildash cement plant. In Chapter 3 - existing environmental condition is depicted on the borders of assessed area within the framework of this project. Various sources give opportunity to get data on physical, biological and economic conditions and they are as follows: - Researches done on Examination of Existing Environmental Condition in November, 2007 (results of pilot desert expeditions and references prepared by experts). - “Report on taking relative actions to define environmental processes in 1993-2001”, Baku-2002. The report is by complex hydro-geological and engineering-geological expedition, National Ecological Exploratory Service, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Chapter 4 – Technological outline of the intended project (exploratory-drilling to be carried out in Garadag ore fields) is described and the implementation of the following technological process are offered: − To ground the project site selection − Technological sucession of “Dry” cement production process − Raw material preparation − Raw material additive preparation − Clinker production − Clinker cooling − De-dusting from kiln system − Cement grinding − Cement storage
In chapter 5 introduces quality and quantity indicators of emissions, fuel and other waste to be floated to the environment because of exploratory-drilling works in “Gizildash cement” plant, and also waste management and provisions of monitoring. This information bases on the worst possible variant considering operation of all waste sources at the same time. In Chapter 6 –discusses all principal issues born from mutual relations between exploratory-drilling and environment (also social – economic environment) and clarifies possible impacts on them. Impacts of operations in normal conditions and unexpected accidents are looked through as well. It also fully describes measure program directed to mitigate certain impacts of the site. In Chapter 7 – conduction and implementation of Environmental Monitoring si submitted. The monitoring plan on the project considers the implementation of standard monitoring works on environment as well as uninterrupted monitoring works during emergency situations. Monitoring works include all stages of the project.
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10.3. Main results of EIA:
10.3.1. Possible impacts related to operations to be carried out under normal conditions
Environmental impact assessment in normal conditions grounds to come to the following conclusions;: 1. Extended, short-term and significant impacts are expected on flora and fauna during exploratory workings in Garadag ore-deposits. Because the territory of investigation is situated far from settlements and industrial enterprises and this enables wild animals to pass the contract area. 2. Impact on soil is expected to be weak and local. That is, soil removed from economical area during explorations shall be piled in certain places, after the work is ended it will be used and the area will be restored. 3. Atmospheric wastes are divided into two groups being temporary and constant. Temporary group contains only gases evaporated to the air during construction and electric power production in economical squares. Impact on them will be weak, short-term and local.
1. And constant group contains dust, nitrogen oxides, sulfur anhydride, carbon oxide pollutions emitted through operation of cement factory and raw material querries. The quantity out of harmful substances were calculated and their polluted areas were defined. 9 It should be noted that, it is forecasted that, the impact of sulphur anhydride to be emitted from factory will be below the norm, and impacts of nitrogen oxides will be over norm 1.26 in sanitary protected zone. 9 Maximum dust concentration is over norm 1.21 in sanitary protected zone. The results of environmental measures shall be achieved via high efficiency de-dusting applications (46) offered to decrease the quantity of dust. 9 729.3t\year dust emission is expected during motion of techniques in limestone and clay querries. In order to decrease this impact water splash operations are considered. 9 So, that means dust and gaseous emissions will be below norm in sanitary protected zones. Thereby, their management is not considered.
5. There is no probability of impact on archeological monuments. 6. Industrial waste waters are not expected to negatively impact to environment. Because the aforementioned waste waters will be purified in water purifier applications in the factory and be returned to production like normative fresh water. 7. Impacts of disturbing factors, such as sound, light and dust are expected to be insignificant, temporary and local, because relative mitigating measures shall be taken. These measures include
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) limitation of exploratory-drilling time with certain hours, use of silencers to decrease sound level, monitoring of sound level, and covering lamps. 8. Construction and exploitation of the Complex will have positive impacts on socio-economic sphere of the region. That is, new working places shall be opened due to Complex operations, activity in regional fiscal system and working capacity of other economical spheres shall rise. 9. In general the impacts with regard to construction and exploitation of the new cement factory will carry weak and local character as a result of application of mitigation measures against these impacts. 2. 10. But the impacts of limestone, clay and other querries are expected to be long lasting and considerable.
10.3.2. Possible impacts linked with unexpected and emergency situations
The most dangerous unexpected and emergency situations are fire-alarm and landslip in the complex. There is a small probability for fire-alarms. Temperature shall be monitored during fire and relative procedures shall be applied as soon as Fire discovering monitoring systems are on..
Fire discovering system
Comprehensive fire detector system is considered. Fire discovering and alaram equipments are included to this system and it includes all of sensitive sections of the plant: • Electricity rooms, transformators • Installation tunnels, galleries and engineering equipment shafts of the building • Elevators management rooms • Dispatcher and computer rooms • Pendent ceilings • Air conditioner rooms • Fuel zones and storages • Lubricating/hydraulic application rooms The system is consisted of fire alarams and hand press buttons of fire alarms in sensitive zones and central accident information panel.
Safety technique and explision prevention.
The most important calculative aspects of safety technique and explosion prevention is given in the following. • Ineffective process (used gas of heater-the quantity of oxygen is little)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) • Temperature measurement of all important equipments connected to automatic block application in connecting condition to the line • Measurement of the quantity of oxygen in all important equipments connected to automatic block application in connecting condition to the line • Measurement of the quantity of CO in all important equipments connected to automatic block application in connecting condition to the line.
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11. LITERATURE
1. Information Archives Fund on Environment and Natural Resources of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan. 2. “Regulation on rules of conduction of state monitoring of environment and natural resources”, was adopted by Decre of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan N 90, dated 01 July 2004. 3. Рекомендации Правительствам Стран Европейской Экономической Комиссии ООН по оценке воздействия на окружающую среду (Из сборника «Политика и системы оценки воздействия на окружающую среду.»-ЕЭК ООН. Серия публикаций по окружающей среде .- Женева.–1991.№ 4). 4. Рекомендации Правительствам Стран Европейской Экономической Комиссии ООН по методам Прогнозирования воздействия на окружающую среду (Из публикации «Методы и способы прогнозирования воздействия на окружающую среду» - ЕЭК ООН. – Женева. 15/04/1992.) 5. О Проведении Работ по Оценке воздействия на Окружающую Среду на Этапе Разработки Пред проектной и проектной документации. Журнал «ЭЭ и ОВОС, 1996г, №4. ( Москва, 14-16 февраля 1995г.). -№1 6. Временные нормативы платы за использование природных ресурсов загрязнение окруъающей среды и порядка использования взимаемых средств на природоохранные мероприятия на территории области–Кострома, КООП «Сфера». 1989г. 7. Временные методические рекомендации по определению платежей за загрязнение природной среды–М; Госкомприрода СССР. 1989г. 8. Временная типовая методика. «Определения экономической эффективности осуществления природоохранных мероприятий и оценка экономического ущерба, причиняемого народному хозяйству загрязнением окружающей среды». Москва, Экономика. 1986г. 9. А.С.Степановских. Прикладная экология. Москва. ЮНИТИ. 2003. 10. Ю.И.Куклев. Физическая экология. Москва «Высшая школа» 2001. 11. В.Н.Луканин. Ю.В.Трофимов Промышленно-транспортная экология. Москва «Высшая школа» 2001. 12. «Методика расчета вредных выбросов (сбросов) для комплекса оборудования открытых горных работ (на основе удельных показателей). Люберцы 1999.»
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 13. Берланд М.Е. Современные проблемы атмосферной диффузии.–Л. Гидрометеоиздат, 1975–448 с. 14. Берланд М.Е., Генихович Е.Л., Оникул Р.И. О расчете загрязнения атмосферы выбросами из дымовых труб электростанций. Труды ГГО, 1964, вып.158. с. 3-21. 15.
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12. REFERENCES
Calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air out of bulk stores (lime-pit) Calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air is performed according to “Method manual for calculation of discharges from unorganized sources in construction materials industry”, Novorossisk, 1989. Quantity of discharge of contaminants into the air (g/s) out of bulk stores is calculated by formula: k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅G ⋅106 ⋅ B′ q = A + B = 1 2 3 4 5 7 + k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅q′⋅ F , 3600 3 4 5 6 7 where A is material processing discharges (pouring, transfer, displacement) (g/s); B – discharges from static storage of material (g/s);
k1 – part by weight of dust fraction in material. It is determined by washing and screen fines of average sample with discharge of dust fraction by size of 0÷200 mkm;
k2 – part of dust (from whole dust mass), transferring into aerosol;
k3 - coefficient considered local meteorological conditions and accepted in accordance with the table 2 of the methodic manual;
k4 – coefficient considered local conditions, block protection rate from external actions, condition of dust formation, and accepted in accordance with the table 3 of the methodic manual;
k5 – coefficient considered material humidity and accepted in accordance with data of the table 4 of the methodic manual; F k – coefficient considered surface profile of a stored material and determined as a ratio act. . 6 F
Value k6 ranges 1,3÷1,6 depending on fineness of material and population;
k7 – coefficient considered fineness of material and accepted in accordance with data of the table 5 of the methodic manual; 2 Fact. – actual surface of material with allowing of a relief of its section (m ); F – dusting surface in plan (m2); ′ k = 1 q – carryover of dust from one square meter of actual surface in conditions when 3 ; k = 1 2 5 , it is accepted in accordance with data of the table 6 of the methodic manual (g/(m ·s)); G – cumulative processed material (t/hour); B′ – coefficient considered pouring height and accepted in accordance with the table 7 of the methodic manual.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air from static storage of bulk material are shown in the table П.1.1. Table П.1.1– Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air from static storage of bulk material Source data Number of source 65 Technological process Static storage Name of material Limestone Density of poring mass of material (t/m3) 1,6 Cumulative material located in pile t 1700000 m3 1062500 Length of base of the pile (m) 185,5 Width of base of the pile (m) 185,5 Height of the pile (m) 82,7 Wind velocity (m/s) до 5 Size of piece (mm) 5-3 Local conditions Is opened from one side Humidity of material (%) Up to 3 Average annual number of days for storage of the material (days per year) 200 Number of days with stable snow cover during the period of material 4 storage (days per storage period) Annual time of dusting during storage period (hour/year) 1000 Results of calculation k3 – coefficient considered local meteorological conditions 1,2 k4 – coefficient considered local conditions, block protection rate from 0,1 external actions, condition of dust formation k5 – coefficient considered material humidity 0,8 k6 – coefficient considered surface profile of a stored material 1,41 k7 – coefficient considered fineness of material 0,7 q′ – carryover of dust from one square meter of actual surface in 0,003
2 conditions when k3 = 1; k5 = 1 (g/(m ·s))
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) F – dusting surface in plan (m 2) 34410,3 2 Fact. – actual surface of material with allowing of a relief of its section (m ) 48503,4 Contaminant Quantity of discharges Code Name g/s t/year 2908 Inorganic dust containing silicon dioxide in %: 70-20 9,781 35,212 (fireclay, cement, etc.) Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air during unloading of bulk material in storage are shown in the table П.1.2. Table П.1.2– Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air during unloading of bulk material in storage Source data Number of source 63 Technological process Unloading of bulk Name of material Limestone Density of poring mass of material (t/m3) 1,6 Annual quantity of the material unloaded in storage, t/year 1700000 Wind velocity (m/s) Up to 5 Size of piece (mm) 5-3 Local conditions Loading arm Humidity of material (%) Up to 3 Height of fall of material (m) 1,5 Quantity of dust removed by aspirating plant from poring unit (%) - G – cumulative processed material (t/hour) 340 Annual time of unloading of material in storage (hour/year) 5000 Results of calculation k1 – part by weight of dust fraction in material 0,04 k2 – part of dust (from whole dust mass), transferring into aerosol 0,02 k3 – coefficient considered local meteorological conditions 1,2 k4 – coefficient considered local conditions, block protection rate from 0,01 external actions, condition of dust formation k5 – coefficient considered material humidity 0,8 k7 – coefficient considered fineness of material 0,7
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) B′ – coefficient considered pouring height 0,6 Contaminant Quantity of discharges Code Name g/s t/year 2908 Inorganic dust containing silicon dioxide in %: 70-20 0,305 5,49 (fireclay, cement, etc.) Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air during shipment of bulk material out of storage are shown in the table П.1.3. Table П.1.3– Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air during shipment of bulk material out of storage Source data Number of source 64 Technological process Shipment of bulk Name of material Limestone Density of poring mass of material (t/m3) 1,6 Annual quantity of the material shipping out of storage, t/year 1700000 Wind velocity (m/s) Up to 5 Size of piece (mm) 5-3 Local conditions Loading arm Humidity of material (%) Up to 3 Height of fall of material (m) 1,5 Quantity of dust removed by aspirating plant from poring unit (%) - G – cumulative processed material (t/hour) 340 Annual time of shipment of material out of storage (hour/year) 5000 Results of calculation k1 – part by weight of dust fraction in material 0,04 k2 – part of dust (from whole dust mass), transferring into aerosol 0,02 k3 – coefficient considered local meteorological conditions 1,2 k4 – coefficient considered local conditions, block protection rate from 0,01 external actions, condition of dust formation k5 – coefficient considered material humidity 0,8 k7 – coefficient considered fineness of material 0,7 B′ – coefficient considered pouring height 0,6
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Contaminant Quantity of discharges Code Name g/s t/year 2908 Inorganic dust containing silicon dioxide in %: 70-20 0,305 5,49 (fireclay, cement, etc.) Summary table of discharges - Limestone Source 66, summary of storage, unloading and shipment Contaminant Discharge Code Name g/s t/year 2908 Inorganic dust containing silicon dioxide in %: 70-20 10,391 46,192 (fireclay, cement, etc.)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air out of bulk stores (clay) Calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air is performed according to “Method manual for calculation of discharges from unorganized sources in construction materials industry”, Novorossisk, 1989. Quantity of discharge of contaminants into the air (g/s) out of bulk stores is calculated by formula: k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅G ⋅106 ⋅ B′ q = A + B = 1 2 3 4 5 7 + k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅k ⋅q′⋅ F , 3600 3 4 5 6 7 where A is material processing discharges (pouring, transfer, displacement) (g/s); B – discharges from static storage of material (g/s);
k1 – part by weight of dust fraction in material. It is determined by washing and screen fines of average sample with discharge of dust fraction by size of 0÷200 mkm;
k2 – part of dust (from whole dust mass), transferring into aerosol;
k3 - coefficient considered local meteorological conditions and accepted in accordance with the table 2 of the methodic manual;
k4 – coefficient considered local conditions, block protection rate from external actions, condition of dust formation, and accepted in accordance with the table 3 of the methodic manual;
k5 – coefficient considered material humidity and accepted in accordance with data of the table 4 of the methodic manual; F k – coefficient considered surface profile of a stored material and determined as a ratio act. . 6 F
Value k6 ranges 1,3÷1,6 depending on fineness of material and population;
k7 – coefficient considered fineness of material and accepted in accordance with data of the table 5 of the methodic manual; 2 Fact. – actual surface of material with allowing of a relief of its section (m ); F – dusting surface in plan (m2); ′ k = 1 q – carryover of dust from one square meter of actual surface in conditions when 3 ; k = 1 2 5 , it is accepted in accordance with data of the table 6 of the methodic manual (g/(m ·s)); G – cumulative processed material (t/hour); B′ – coefficient considered pouring height and accepted in accordance with the table 7 of the methodic manual. Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air from static storage of bulk material are shown in the table П.1.1.
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Table П.1.1– Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air from static storage of bulk material Source data Number of source 67 Technological process Static storage Name of material Clay Density of poring mass of material (t/m3) 1,35 Cumulative material located in pile t 230000 m3 170370,37 Length of base of the pile (m) 100,8 Width of base of the pile (m) 100,8 Height of the pile (m) 44,1 Wind velocity (m/s) Up to 5 Size of piece (mm) 3-1 Local conditions Is opened from one side Humidity of material (%) Up to 10 Average annual number of days for storage of the material (days per year) 200 Number of days with stable snow cover during the period of material 4 storage (days per storage period) Annual time of dusting during storage period (hour/year) 1000 Results of calculation k3 – coefficient considered local meteorological conditions 1,2 k4 – coefficient considered local conditions, block protection rate from 0,1 external actions, condition of dust formation k5 – coefficient considered material humidity 0,1 k6 – coefficient considered surface profile of a stored material 1,41 k7 – coefficient considered fineness of material 0,8 q′ – carryover of dust from one square meter of actual surface in 0,004
2 conditions when k3 = 1; k5 = 1 (g/(m ·s)) F – dusting surface in plan (m 2) 10160,6
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) 2 Fact. – actual surface of material with allowing of a relief of its section (m ) 14305,7 Contaminant Quantity of discharges Code Name g/s t/year 2908 Inorganic dust containing silicon dioxide in %: 70-20 0,55 1,98 (fireclay, cement, etc.) Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air during unloading of bulk material in storage are shown in the table П.1.2. Table П.1.2– Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air during unloading of bulk material in storage Source data Number of source 68 Technological process Unloading of bulk Name of material Clay Density of poring mass of material (t/m3) 1,35 Annual quantity of the material unloaded in storage, t/year 230000 Wind velocity (m/s) Up to 5 Size of piece (mm) 3-1 Local conditions Loading arm Humidity of material (%) Up to 10 Height of fall of material (m) 1,5 Quantity of dust removed by aspirating plant from poring unit (%) - G – cumulative processed material (t/hour) 46 Annual time of unloading of material in storage (hour/year) 5000 Results of calculation k1 – part by weight of dust fraction in material 0,05 k2 – part of dust (from whole dust mass), transferring into aerosol 0,02 k3 – coefficient considered local meteorological conditions 1,2 k4 – coefficient considered local conditions, block protection rate from 0,01 external actions, condition of dust formation k5 – coefficient considered material humidity 0,1 k7 – coefficient considered fineness of material 0,8 B′ – coefficient considered pouring height 0,6
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Contaminant Quantity of discharges
Code Name g/s t/year 2908 Inorganic dust containing silicon dioxide in %: 70-20 0,007 0,126 (fireclay, cement, etc.) Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air during shipment of bulk material out of storage are shown in the table П.1.3. Table П.1.3– Source data and results of calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air during shipment of bulk material out of storage Source data Number of source 69 Technological process Shipment of bulk Name of material Clay Density of poring mass of material (t/m3) 1,35 Annual quantity of the material unloaded in storage, t/year 230000 Wind velocity (m/s) Up to 5 Size of piece (mm) 3-1 Local conditions Loading arm Humidity of material (%) Up to 10 Height of fall of material (m) 1,5 Quantity of dust removed by aspirating plant from poring unit (%) - G – cumulative processed material (t/hour) 46 Annual time of unloading of material in storage (hour/year) 5000 Results of calculation k1 – part by weight of dust fraction in material 0,05 k2 – part of dust (from whole dust mass), transferring into aerosol 0,02 k3 – coefficient considered local meteorological conditions 1,2 k4 – coefficient considered local conditions, block protection rate from 0,01 external actions, condition of dust formation k5 – coefficient considered material humidity 0,1 k7 – coefficient considered fineness of material 0,8 B′ – coefficient considered pouring height 0,6 Contaminant Quantity of discharges
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Code Name g/s t/year 2908 Inorganic dust containing silicon dioxide in %: 70-20 0,007 0,126 (fireclay, cement, etc.) Summary table of discharges - Clay Source 70, summary of storage, unloading and shipment Contaminant Discharge Code Name g/s t/year 2908 Inorganic dust containing silicon dioxide in %: 70-20 0,564 2,232 (fireclay, cement, etc.)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Project on “Gizildash Cement” Factory (EIA) Calculation of discharge of contaminants into the air during blasting operations
Discharge of dust during blasting operations
Blasting operations are accompanied by mass dusting. High power capacity of dusting caused momentary contamination of atmosphere that a hundred times exceeds maximum permissible concentration (MPC). For calculation of concurrent discharge of dust during blasting operations one can use this equation:
where a1 is quantity of dusting during blast 1 kg ВВ (4-5 t/kg) a2 is a part of flying dust coming over to aerosol with a size of parts of 0-50 mkm relative to blown-up mass (on average ) −5 a2 = 2×10
a3 is coefficient considered wind velocity in blast area ( a3 = k3 ), table 2 a4 is coefficient considered influence of drowning and prior dumping of pit-face (table 17)
As a duration of dust emission during blasting operations is not too large (within 10 minutes), then this contamination should be considered basically by calculation of volley discharges of enterprise. Source data
а1 а2 а3 а4 D 4,5 0,00002 1,20 0,5 11000
Results of calculation
Inorganic dusting (SiO2 70-20%) makes up:
Volley dusting makes up: Inorganic dusting (SiO2 70-20%) makes up: 594000 Volley dusting makes up: 990 g/s
Per one blast during 10 minutes into the air are dusted 990 g/s and or 0.594 t/year. If in a lime-pit in 3 spots be carried out 2 blasts twice per year (in total 6 blasts) then there will be emissed into the air alltogether 3.6 t of dust per year.
FƏSİL I. “QIZILDAŞ-SEMENT” ZAVODU LAYİHƏSİ ÜZRƏ ƏTRAF MÜHİTƏ TƏSİRLƏRİN QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ (ƏMTQ)
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
CHAPTER II.“GIZILDASH-CEMENT” PLANT PROJECT SOCİAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT (SIA)
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
1. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF WORK, AND DATA
SIA Background
Like any developmental project, the construction and future operation of Gizildash Cement Plant is expected to cause both positive and adverse effects to the surrounding population and environment. Collecting baseline information against which any changes due to the establishment and operation of the proposed plant will be measured over the time is paramount importance. In order to assess the social impacts of the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant, a detailed Social Impact Assessment (SIA) study has been implemented at the scoping phase of the Project in three communities located around the plant and mine sites. The SIA study has collected bench bark information on social and economic indicators and data on environment in the communities surrounding the plant and mine sites. The SIA has developed general background on the social baseline in these communities, predicted and evaluated potential significant social impacts, worked out mitigation measures, and social management and monitoring plans. Considering the scale of future activity of Gizildash Cement Plant and probability of affecting local communities, the knowledge of existing socio-economic conditions in the affected area is essential to understand the nature, magnitude and significance of the potential impacts of cement plant’s construction and future operation. The socio-economic baseline developed within the frames of this SIA will allow to monitor both (i) social change during the construction and operation of Gizildas Cement Plant and (ii) the effectiveness of community relations in maintaining Plant’s reputation and supporting further sustainable development among its host communities.
Goals and Objectives
The objective of the Social Impact Assessment was to identify and evaluate the magnitude of potential social impacts of proposed Gizildash Cement Plant's construction, operation and quarrying on people and local communities as well as to establish a comprehensive baseline data of socio-economic conditions, development needs and priorities in the communities within an area around the proposed cement plant and mining sites. The SIA studies were aimed to find out how the potentially positive effects of Gizildash Cement Plant could be maximized, and how any potentially negative effects could be avoided or mitigated. In the course of work conducted within the frames of this SIA, the following tasks have been accomplished: ¾ Drawn up the social-demographic profile of households, located in the area of potential impact of the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant; ¾ Assessed the living conditions in the surveyed households, their access to infrastructure services; ¾ Identified the economic base of the households, living standard, income and expenditure structure and assets; ¾ Identified the economic activity in the project area, land ownership and production; ¾ Assessed the quality of social infrastructure facilities and services such as health care and education; ¾ Assessed the quality of community facilities and infrastructure development; identified the communities’ urgent needs and priorities; ¾ Assessed the perception and main concerns of the locals about environmental conditions in the surveyed communities; ¾ Collected attitudinal data on the industrial activity in the project area and identified main concerns and socio-economic expectations for the future operation of Gizildash Cement Plant.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Scope of Work
The overall studies within this SIA included the following tasks: ¾ Review of Existing Data ¾ Stakeholder Interviews ¾ Community Focus Groups ¾ Household Surveys ¾ Data Management
Preparation for field works included preliminary visiting the project areas (including the above-mentioned settlements) for the familiarization with their features and reconnaissance of the further steps of survey groups.
Review of Existing Data
The SIA Study team established data collection frameworks and reviewed available socio-economic data relevant to the project area held by government and other agencies, including: ¾ Publicly available data on stakeholder organizations and socio-economic conditions in the study area, including: census data, statistical and economic analyses, development reports, and academic studies. This included data held by government departments, international agencies, large industrial plants in the project area, and other reputable sources; ¾ Previous ESIAs implemented in the project area; ¾ Management information and other relevant reports on industrial operation and community relations in this area.
Stakeholder Interviews
This task included: ¾ Identification of stakeholder organisations to be interviewed; ¾ Development the interview tools – a semi-structured questionnaire – to be used in the stakeholder interviews; ¾ Establishing the stakeholder database to collate data on stakeholder organisations.
İcma Fokus Qrupları
The task included: ¾ Identification of the locations and participants for 3 focus groups to be conducted in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh settlements (including women, youth and broader community groups). ¾ Development the briefings and discussion frameworks to be used in the focus groups. Establishing the data systems to collate data derived from the focus groups.
Household Surveys
The task included: ¾ Establishing the sampling frameworks to be used in the surveys of 400 households in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh settlements. ¾ Development of the socio-economic and attitudinal questionnaire to be used in the household survey. ¾ Conducting workshop and training with survey staff (interviewers). ¾ Establishing the data systems to collate data derived from the household survey.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Data Management
Establishing the SIA data management system included the following tasks: ¾ Development of stakeholder database to maintain data on stakeholder organisations’ contact details, roles, capacities and interaction with local communities. The stakeholder database was intended to have capacity to be updated over time, to maintain current information on key stakeholders and their future communications with the proposed cement plant. ¾ Development of a socio-economic and attitudinal database to maintain data from focus group discussions and household survey and enable data analyses and reporting. The database includes both quantitative data on socio-economic conditions and qualitative data on social attitudes, development needs and perceptions.
Data
At the conclusion of the SIA Study, the Study Team established data on: ¾ Stakeholders, identified and surveyed during the course of the SIA Study; ¾ Recorded focus-group discussions (with the communities members), presented in the form of brief narrative reports; ¾ Household socio-economic dataset compiled through the SIA Study. The Study Team has established an SPSS-based database to facilitate management of household data from completed survey questionnaires. Data entry and processing enabled the Study Team to generate statistical analyses of household data for inclusion in the final report. Application of SPSS software helped to get a range of different statistical correlations through calculating frequencies and cross-tabulations and enabled comparative analysis across the communities (settlements) located in the project area.
Stakeholder Database
The stakeholder database includes the following information: ¾ Main contact and contact details. ¾ Classification: Government/Civil Society/Business/Other. ¾ Primary organizational roles, activities and services. ¾ Organizational objectives. ¾ Services provided to population. ¾ Perceptions of priority regional development needs. ¾ Opportunities for further development of capacities and services. ¾ Perceptions of the proposed cement plant operations management and community relations.
Socio-Economic Data
The socio-economic data includes the following variables: ¾ Demographic profiles: Population size; age and gender distributions; ¾ Households: Average household sizes, including age and gender structure, number of children in the surveyed households; ¾ Presence of Internally-Displaced People, and other vulnerable groups, in the area. ¾ Socio-economic determinants: Ownership of land tenure and other productive assets; technical training; access to inputs, capital and markets; and access to employment. ¾ Income and expenditure: Levels of personal and household income and expenditure disaggregated by location, gender and age.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) ¾ Economic activity: Employment and self-employment (entrepreneurship, including opportunities for private business development). ¾ Health: Health service and infrastructure; significant health issues; rates of chronic and acute malnutrition; disease patterns; changes in general state of health over the recent years. ¾ Education: Educational facilities and services; quality of services and teachers’ capacities; school participation and completion rates; educational qualifications. ¾ Social infrastructure: Community assets; telecommunications and internet services; power, water and sanitation; emergency services; access to markets, services and other facilities. ¾ Social organisation: Social organisation at the community level, including the roles, activities, capacities and resources of local government, NGOs, and other groups. ¾ Community attitudes and perceptions in relation to: − Living conditions within the local communities. − Quality of community services and infrastructure. − Local development needs and priorities. − Social expectation for the proposed cement plant’s operation and community relations.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
2. SIA METHODOLOGY
2.1. Research Design
The research design was based on triangulation – using a range of methodologies and data sources both in the research and data interpretation. Triangulation reflects the view that socio-economic development is a complex, multifaceted and, to a degree, subjective process. By applying a mix of methodologies (quantitative and qualitative surveys and interviews) and collecting data from a variety of sources (key stakeholders, financial institutions, community members, etc.) the SIA study aimed to build a comprehensive and accurate picture of socio-economic conditions, development needs and perceptions in the project area. The study used stakeholder interviews and focus groups to verify and interpret the quantitative data drawn from household surveys. The SIA Study paid particular attention to including women, youth, Internally-Displaced People (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups (if any) to the survey sampling process within the study area. The SIA Study focused primarily on communities within the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant’s immediate area of influence (Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh settlements).
2.2. Research Methods
The SIA Study applied a range of research methods, including desktop study of available data from different sources (government and other agencies) and baseline research through surveys of key stakeholders, community groups and individual households.
2.2.1. Desktop Research
The Study team conducted desktop research of publicly available data on socio-economic conditions in the survey area. The SIA Study has made use of existing information about target communities including data received from State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan Republic, local Executive Power bodies and other agencies. The data was drawn primarily from census; statistical and economic analyses; development reports; previous ESIAs in the project area. The social impact studies also looked at major construction or development projects in the target communities such as development of infrastructure facilities over the recent years.
2.2.2. Stakeholder Interviews
According to the requirements specification, stakeholders for the cement industry are all the individuals and groups who see themselves as potentially affected by (or who can impact on) cement operations at the local, national or international scale (e.g. neighbors, community organizations, employees, trade unions, government agencies, the media, NGOs, contractors, suppliers and investors). Stakeholder involvement may lead to considering and (if appropriate) incorporating feedback from them. The Study team conducted 10 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. These interviews gathered information on stakeholder roles and capacities in local development needs and priorities, their opportunities and expectations for potential partnerships with the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant operations. They also allowed to get a competent opinion on critical social and operational issues directly from some of the most knowledgeable and influential stakeholders. The interview framework provided a mixture of (i) structured questions, designed to collect specific information on stakeholder’s objectives, resources and activities and (ii) more open-ended questions, designed to encourage stakeholders to discuss local issues, attitudes and expectations for perspective cement plant more broadly.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) 2.2.3. Community Focus Groups
The Study team conducted 3 focus groups with community members in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh settlements (a potential area of influence of Gizildash Cement Plant). The focus groups enabled community members to discuss socio-economic conditions within their communities; identify priority socio-economic needs; and express their attitude and expectations both for (i) the construction of Gizildash Cement Plant and for (ii) the Plant’s further role and influence on the life of its host communities. The results of focus group discussions served to validate household survey data on issues of critical community concern.
2.2.4. Household Surveys
The Study team conducted 400 household surveys in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh settlements. The surveys collected socio-economic and attitudinal quantitative data across a wide range of socio- economic variables such as: living conditions; access to community services and infrastructure; economic activity and livelihoods; attitude towards the construction of Gizildash Cement Plant and social expectations for its further operation. This information was collected directly from project-affected communities’ households. It also enabled the Study team to explore issues, such as household income, health status and attitudes, which might be too sensitive to discuss in a focus group setting. All of the above-mentioned research methods helped to build a socio-economic picture of the surveyed communities, their interests; to identify what the existing local needs and priorities are, as well as what the effects and likely issues might be as a result of construction and future operation of Gizildash Cement Plant.
2.3. Sample Calculation and Sampling Process for Household Surveys
2.3.1. Sample Calculation
Sample calculation for household surveys in the frames of SIA Study has been carried out on Kochran’s method using of the following formula.
where N is a parent population; P and Q are the constants equal 0,5; t is a constant equal 1,96; d is a value of statistical error (in the given calculations it was equal 5 % or 0,05).
After calculations, the sample size has amounted to 400 households in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh communities (with some additional number of households to supply the sample size in case of refusal from participation in the survey).
The number of households in each community has been calculated pro rata to the density of population in accordance with the data received from local Executive Power agencies. To calculate the number of respondents (households) to be surveyed per community, the following formula has been applied:
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
N i ni = n , N where ni - necessary quantity of respondents (households) within given community, n - sample size, Ni - total number of population within given community, N - parent population, i.e. total number of population in three communities.
Thus, the SIA Study conducted quantitative household surveys among: ¾ 281 households in Sangachal; ¾ 64 households in Jeyildagh; ¾ 55 households in Umid.
2.3.2. Sampling Process
The Study team applied a random sampling process to ensure a good representation of the local population among household survey participants. The random sampling also ensured participation of residents from all parts of the three communities and of both local residents and Internally-Displaced Persons.
The selection of respondents was made in compliance with statistic randomness (step of sampling) to ensure equal opportunities for each household to be included in survey sample. The method of random sampling provided for selection of households according to the following principles: ¾ In private houses – one households; ¾ In multi-storey apartment buildings - one household on every second floor
The selection of households in multi-storey apartment buildings was made with alternation of even and odd numbers of apartments on each floor (for example, apartment #3 on second floor; apt. # 7 on fourth floor, etc.).
The household survey was conducted throughout the day, and at weekends, to ensure access to the broadest cross-section of local residents. Within each household, the respondent generally was the head of household or the spouse of the head of household.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
3. BASELINE SURVEY FINDINGS REVIEW
3.1. Household Composition and Socio-Demographic Profile
As it was stated above, the total number of surveyed households in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh settlements was 400. Among the total number of selected households, 328 of them comprised only the locals, 51 comprised the households of IDPs and 21 households comprised both the locals and the IDPs. Average household size in the quantitative sample was found to be 4.7 persons, which is similar to the figure cited by official statistics from the census. The largest household consisted of 14 persons, and the smallest one consisted of 1 person. Total number of members in the surveyed households amounted to 1880, among which the number of children under 10 was 286. The number of family members over 10 was presented by 765 males and 829 females. Below there is presented the data relevant to the age and gender structure of the family members in the surveyed households.
Table 3.1.1. Age structure of the surveyed households Frequency % Children under 10 286 15.2 10-17 years 292 15.5 18-29 years 472 25.1 30-49 years 544 28.9 50-69 years 242 12.9 70 years and older 44 2.3 Total 1880 100
Table 3.1.2. Gender structure of households’ members over 10 10-17 18-29 30-49 50-69 70 years and Total years years years years older F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Male 140 47.9 226 47.9 256 47.1 125 51.7 18 40.9 765 48 Female 152 52.1 246 52.1 288 52.9 117 48.3 26 59.1 829 52 Total 292 100 472 100 544 100 242 100 44 100 1594 100
The education qualification of surveyed households’ members was presented mainly by general secondary education (see Table 3.1.3).
Table 3.1.3. Education qualification of households’ members over 10 Frequency % Primary or less 41 2.6 Uncompleted secondary 270 16.9 General secondary 1023 64.2 University incomplete 122 7.6 University complete 138 8.7 Total 1594 100
Quantitative analysis has shown that 74.5% of all households’ members are of the age of 18-57, who are the active workforce of the surveyed communities and represent a potential workforce for the
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) proposed Gizildash Cement Plant. From total number of able-bodied households members 33.5% were employed. More than a third of all able-bodied households members (37.3%) were unemployed. The rest of surveyed households’ members over 10 were presented by students, retirees, and disabled persons (see Table 3.1.4). Table 3.1.4. Employment of household members Frequency % State enterprise employee 346 21.7 Private enterprise employee 83 5.2 Government / public 10 0.6 employee Military 22 1.4 Own business (not street 11 0.7 vendor) Casual labor 52 3.3 Street vendor 9 0.6 Paid childcare in the house 1 0.1 Retired, pensioner 150 9.4 Student/pupil 299 18.7 Unemployed/housewife 594 37.3 Disabled 17 1.1 Total 1594 100 Below are presented the employment indices of surveyed households’ members. Table 3.1.5. Employment of household members in the context of age groups 10-17 18-29 30-49 50-69 70 years years years years years and older F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % State enterprise - - 90 19.1 170 31.3 83 34.3 3 6.8 employee Private enterprise - - 29 6.1 46 8.5 8 3.3 - - employee Government / public - - - - 10 1.8 - - - - employee Military - - 12 2.5 10 1.8 - - - - Own business (not street - - 5 1.1 6 1.1 - - - - vendor) Casual labor 2 0.7 13 2.8 28 5.1 9 3.7 - - Street vendor - - 1 0.2 6 1.1 2 0.8 - - Paid childcare in the - - - - 1 0.2 - - - - house Retired, pensioner - - - - 20 3.7 89 36.8 39 88.6 Student/pupil 259 88.7 39 8.3 - - - - 2 4.5 Unemployed/housewife 29 9.9 279 59.1 241 44.3 45 18.6 - - Disabled 2 0.7 4 0.8 6 1.1 6 2.5 - - Total 292 100 472 100 544 100 242 100 44 100
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) The overwhelming majority of surveyed households (77.3%) reside in the project area more than 11 years among which 48% have been living there for 21 years and longer (see Figure 3.1.1.).
Figure 3.1.1. Length of households’ living in the project area
2,3% 4,5%
Less than one year 1-4 years 16,0% 5-10 years 11-20 years 21 years or more 48,0%
29,3%
The majority of the rest of households that have lived in the project area for no longer than 10 years have moved from different rural regions of Azerbaijan (see Table 3.1.6).
Table 3.1.6. Places of previous living of households moved to the project area Place of previous living Number of households Agdam region 8 Agjabedi region 3 Astara region 1 Balaken region 1 Bilasuvar region 1 Central Baku 6 Fizuli region 4 Gazakh region 1 Gedebey region 1 Gobustan settlement of Garadagh district (Baku city) 3 Hajiqabul region 1 Jalilabad region 6 Jeyildagh settlement of Garadagh district (Baku city) 5 Khachmaz region 1 Khirdalan town 1 Lachin region 1 Lankaran region 1 Lokbatan settlement of Garadagh district (Baku city) 4 Masalli region 2 Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic 3
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Sahil settlement of Garadagh district (Baku city) 28 Shamakhy region 4 Sumgayit city 2 Tovuz region 3 Total 91
Among the most frequent reasons for moving to the surveyed settlements, the greater part of surveyed households pointed out the more favorable economic conditions. Almost all surveyed households in Umid settlement are IDP families, and moved to the current place of living due to war affecting their original communities.
Interview with the head of household in Jeyidagh settlemen
Figure 3.1.2. Reasons for moving to the present place of residence
To seek more favourable 44,0% economic conditions
To seek low-cost housing 19,8%
To be closer to family members, friends or relatives 16,5% / For domestic reasons
Due to job place location 8,8%
Displaced by war affecting 8,8% your original community
Were granted a house by 2,2% Garadagh Cement Plant
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) 3.2. Households Living Conditions
3.2.1. Quality of Housing
The private type of housing prevails in two of three surveyed communities. As it was mentioned earlier, the community of Umid was established in 1999 as a settlement of IDP families. The dwellings are all one-storey houses of similar size and construction. A private type of housing is prevalent in Jeyildagh settlement too. Being an urban settlement, only Sangachal has apartment buildings (see Table 3.2.1.)
Table 3.2.1. Type of housing of surveyed households Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh Total
F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Apartment 183 65.1 - - 2 3.1 185 46.3 House 94 33.5 55 100 62 96.9 211 52.7 Dormitory 4 1,4 - - - - 4 1 Total 281 100 55 100 64 100 400 100
The overwhelming majority (75%) of surveyed households are the legal owners of their housing. Of the rest, 11.5% households stated that their houses belonged to the government (see Figure 3.2.1).
Figure 3.2.1. Ownership of the housing
5,3% 8,3%
Family 11,5% Government
Relatives
75,0% Other private
As it is known, the living conditions are one of the indices to assess the economic well being of households. A great part of respondents (44.5%) assessed the living conditions in their households as “satisfactory” (see Figure 3.2.2) and such index is identical for all surveyed settlements (see Table 3.2.2). More that a third of households (33.5%) assessed their living conditions as “poor” and “very poor”.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
Figure 3.2.2. Assessment of Living Conditions in the Surveyed Households
4% 1%
Excellent 20,8% Good
30% Satisfactory Poor Very poor
44%
Table 3.2.2. Assessment of living conditions in the surveyed households per settlement
Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh
F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Excellent 5 1.8 - - - - Good 57 20.3 15 27.3 11 17.2 Satisfactory 126 44.8 24 43.6 28 43.7 Poor 85 30.2 12 21.8 21 32.8 Very poor 8 2.8 4 7.3 4 6.3 Total 281 100 55 100 64 100
The greater part of households (43.5%) have never had their housing repaired, and this is identical for Sangachal and Jeyildagh settlements (see Figure 3.2.3 and Table 3.2.3).
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.2.3. Last time the capital repairs was made in the surveyed households
The capital repairs has 43,5% never been made
Less than 5 years ago 24,5%
5-10 years ago 16,8%
10-15 years ago 7,3%
15-20 years ago 3,5%
More than 20 years ago 2,0%
Don't know 2,5%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Table 3.2.3. Last time the capital repairs was made in the surveyed households
Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh
F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Less than 5 years ago 57 20.3 27 49.1 14 21.9 5-10 years ago 55 19.6 5 9.1 7 10.9 10-15 years ago 21 7.5 2 3.6 6 9.4 15-20 years ago 11 3.9 2 3.6 1 1.6 More than 20 years ago 4 1.4 - - 4 6.3 The capital repairs has never been 126 44.8 17 30.9 31 48.4 made Don't know 7 2.5 2 3.6 1 1.6 Total 281 100 55 100 64 100
Below is presented the data over the main problems connected with unsatisfactory living conditions at the investigated households. Despite the fact that significant number of households assessed their living conditions as “satisfactory”, the majority of them (77% in the aggregate) indicated the poor condition of walls, floors and roof as the main problems at their houses (see Figure 3.2.4). More than a half of all households also pointed dampness as the most pressing problem related to quality of housing. A comparative analysis of living problems demonstrates almost identical situation at the households per every surveyed settlement (see Table 3.2.4). This problem is particularly prominent in Umid settlement, especially for IDP families’ houses.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) From the statements of FGD participants: “…Humidity is a big problem in each house. These houses were built for temporary living. Diseases are spread all over the settlement”.
Figure 3.2.4. Major problems connected with living conditions at the households (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
Dampness 51,5%
Walls and floors in poor condition 44,8%
Roof in poor condition 32,3%
Lack of space 25,3%
Lack of heating 19,8%
Insects 15,8%
Mice, rats 11,8%
Lack of sewerage 5,3%
Water supply 4,0%
Gas supply 2,3%
Electricity supply 1,0%
Absence of elevator 0,8%
No problems 17,8%
0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Table 3.2.4. Major problems connected with living conditions at the households per settlement (a question made provisions for several options of answering) Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh
F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Dampness 143 50.9 50 90.9 13 20.3 Walls and floors in poor condition 119 42.3 25 45.5 36 56.3 Roof in poor condition 93 33.1 11 20 30 46.9 Lack of space 64 22.8 12 21.8 25 39.1 Lack of heating 61 21.7 11 20 7 10.9 Insects 61 21.7 6 10.9 7 10.9 Mice, rats 54 19.2 6 10.9 12 18.8 Lack of sewerage 19 6.8 1 1.8 4 6.3 Water supply 7 2.5 - - 9 14.1 Gas supply 2 0.7 6 10.9 1 1.6 Electricity supply 3 1.1 - - 1 1.6 Absence of elevator 3 1.1 - - - - No problems 62 22.1 3 5.5 6 9.4 Total 281 100 55 100 64 100
3.2.2. Power and Gas Supply
The analysis of study findings has shown that the problem of gas supply and power supply is practically absent in the surveyed settlements. Absolutely all selected households had access to electricity. The same is the situation with gas supply in the houses of surveyed settlements. From total number of interviewed households, only 2% did not have access to gas supply that apparently was caused due to nonpayment for public utilities.
From the statements of FGD participants: “We have water, electricity and gas. There is no problem with these services.” The overwhelming majority of surveyed households (more than 90%) have assessed the quality and regularity of electricity and gas as “excellent” and “good” (see Figure 3.2.5). For domestic purposes (such as cooking and heating), the households use mainly gas.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.2.5. Assessment of the quality of power and gas supply
59,3% 56,8% 60%
50% Electricity supply Gas supply 40% 34,0% 33,8%
30%
20%
7,5% 10% 6,3% 2,0% 0,5%
0% Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor
3.2.3. Water Supply and Sewerage System
Interview with the head of household in Sangachal settlement Practically the whole of population in the surveyed settlements is provided with tap water. In 399 out of 400 surveyed households, the water tap (located in the house or in the yard) is the main and only source of portable water. All households in Umid settlement is provided with tap water round-the-clock (see Table 3.2.5). The analogical situation with potable water supply is in Sangachal settlement too. Of three surveyed settlements, the problem of water supply has been revealed only in Jeyildagh. According to the study results, more than a half of surveyed households there (68.8%) face difficulties with drinking water supply.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Table 3.2.5. Regularity of water supply in the surveyed households Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh
F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Round-the-clock 273 97.2 55 100 16 25 Twice a day for several hours 2 0.7 - - 3 4.7 Once a day for several hours 3 1.1 - - - - Every other day for several hours - - - - 1 1.6 Less than every other day 2 0.7 - - 44 68.8 No water supply system in the 1 0.4 - - - - household Total 281 100 55 100 64 100
The overwhelming majority of surveyed households have stated that their water supply is always sufficient for all household needs (see Figure 3.2.6). Among those who are not satisfied with water supply, the greater part falls on Jeyildagh settlement (see Table 3.2.6). This reflects the above-mentioned statement about water supply problem in this community.
Figure 3.2.6. Assessment of water supply sufficiency for household needs
Supply of water is always sufficient
Supply of water is sometimes insufficient Supply of water is always insufficient
87,0%
10,0%
3,0%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Table 3.2.6. Assessment of water supply sufficiency per settlement Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh
F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Supply of water is always 272 96.8 54 98.2 21 32.8 sufficient Supply of water is sometimes 5 1.8 1 1.8 34 53.1 insufficient Supply of water is always 4 1.4 - - 9 14.1 insufficient Total 281 100 55 100 64 100
More than a half of all surveyed households have assessed the quality water used for household purposes as “good”, and this tendency is similar for all three settlements (see Figure 3.2.7). At the same time, as it is seen from the below Figure, the number of households stated about bad quality of used water in Jeyildagh is several times higher than the same index in two other settlements.
Figure 3.2.7. Assessment of quality of water used for households purposes
4,70% Jeyildagh Excellent 1,80% Umid 6,40% Sangachal
68,80% Good 65,50% 51,20%
23,40% Satisfactory 29,10% 23,10%
3,10% Bad 3,60% 19,20%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Summarizing the above-stated data, it is worth to note a relatively high percentage of households who identified the problems with water supply in Jeyildagh settlement. According to the «Program for acceleration of social and economic development of settlements of Baku city for 2006-2007 years», there were scheduled works on the development of the housing and communal infrastructure in the surveyed settlements. In accord with the official data, the 24 kilometer long main pipeline that supplies Jeyildagh with water was repaired in 2006 by State Oil Company of AR. Nevertheless, the findings of this survey revealed that the problem of water supply still remains in Jeyildagh settlement. The study revealed that the sewage system operates almost in all households of surveyed settlements (see Figure 3.2.8). The insignificant number of households, in which there is no sewage system, have pointed out a discharge of sewage water into open drain (or ditch) or directly into own yard as a solution of this problem.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.2.8. Availability of a sewage system in the households
Have sewage system Do not have sewage system
93,5%
6,5%
However, despite the availability of sewerage system in all surveyed communities, it should be noted that its condition in Jeyildagh settlement is in an unfavorable state. The operation life of sewerage pipes has expired and waste waters are often flow out to the surface. This causes a hazard of spread of infectious diseases in the settlement. From the statements of FGD participants: “Sewerage system in our settlement is very bad, and it causes some diseases among locals. We suffer from mosquitoes in summer.”
3.3. Households Income, Expenditure and Assets
3.3.1. Households’ Financial Condition
Aiming to get information over social and economic status of the households in surveyed settlements, the SIA methodology envisaged applying a number of questions to identify the level of family welfare standards. At the same time, due to various reasons, including an early deadline for the completion of the exercise and complicated data collection, it was decided at the outset not to include comprehensive sections in the questionnaire that would have subsequently allowed “a highly accurate computation” of a welfare index. Respondents were asked to describe their household’s financial situation. A summary of their responses is provided in Table 3.3.1.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Table 3.3.1. Assessment of households’ financial condition Frequency % Level of income available for living and making 1 0.3 savings without problem Level of income available for living without denying 11 2.8 any wishes Level of income to meet the major part of needs 102 25.5 Level of income to acquire only the necessary things 170 42.5 Level of income to make both ends meet 115 28.8 Do not know/refusal to answer 1 0.3 Total 400 100
As it is clearly seen, a large number of households stated that either their basic needs were not met or they were living at a subsistence level. Almost a third of surveyed households have stated that level of their income only helped make both ends meet. Moreover, the study of dynamics in the changes of the welfare standards over the last three years has revealed a decrease in the level of income of 42.8% of surveyed families and the improvement of financial status of 17.5% (see Figure 3.3.1).
Interview with the head of household in Umid settlement From the statements of FGD participants:
“…I am sorry for young men. They work for 5 manat per day for rich people. It is like in feudalism period”.
“There are no well-off people here. Everybody lives on the same level. Only 2- 3% of women in the settlement work. About 60% of men are unemployed and most of them are young people”.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
Figure 3.3.1. Indices of changes in the level of income for the households within the last three years
1,8%
Increased Remained without changes 17,5% Decreased Don't know
42,8%
38,0%
As it is known, another index of family welfare is nutrition. More than a half of surveyed households (56%) spend the greater proportion of their income on food (see Figure 3.3.2). At the same time, only 23.3% of surveyed families considered their nutrition adequate, while the overwhelming majority assessed it as “not quite adequate” and “not adequate at all” (see Figure 3.3.3).
Figure 3.3.2. Proportion of the total household income spent on food in the surveyed families
56,0% More than a half
29,0% About a half
12,0% Less than a half
3,0% Don't know
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.3.3. Assessment of family’s nutrition adequateness in the surveyed households
23,3% Adequate
52,5% Not quite adequate
24,0% Not adequate at all
0,3% Don't know
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Although the income level of overwhelming majority of surveyed households covers only the most urgent subsistence needs, only 5.5 percentages of them have stated that they pay for public utilities with great delay. A significant majority of families always make payments for electricity, gas, water supply and telephone timely. Less than 18% of surveyed households pay for public utilities with small delay (see Figure 3.3.4).
Figure 3.3.4. Timeliness of making payments for the public utilities by surveyed households
We always make payments without delay Sometimes we make payments with a s mall delay
We always make payments with a great delay We do not pay for the public utilities
9,0% 5,5%
17,8% 67,8%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) 3.3.2. Income & Expenditure Structure and Assets
The majority of surveyed households have pointed out the regular wages (salary in a government or private enterprise) and social allowances as the main sources of their income (see Figure 3.3.5). As it is seen from study findings, entrepreneurship as well as street trade amount to a very low percentage among indicated income sources. Figure 3.3.5. Households’ sources of income (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
Salary in a government 61,5% enterprise Pension and other social 37,3% allowances Salary in a private 18,0% enterprise
Casual earnings 11,8%
Support from relatives 9,3%
Street trade/market 2,5%
Entrepreneurship (not 2,0% street trade) Remittance from 1,3% relatives in other places
Raising livestock 0,3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Correlation analysis between dynamics in changes of household’s welfare and the main sources of income has revealed that decrease in income level is mostly associated with regular salary as a main source of household’s income (see Table 3.3.2). Somehow or other it reflects certain decrease in salaries that has occurred at a number of enterprises over the last year as a result of global financial downturn.
Table 3.3.2. Correlation analysis between dynamics in changes of household’s welfare and the main sources of income Remained Increased without Decreased
changes F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Regular salary in a government / 69 17.3 116 29 127 31.8 private enterprise Pension and other social 17 4.3 64 16 66 16.5 allowances Casual earnings 3 0.8 14 3.5 30 7.5 Support from relatives 2 0.5 13 3.3 21 5.3 Street trade/market - - 3 0.8 7 1.8 Entrepreneurship (not street - - 4 1 4 1
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) trade) Remittance from relatives in other 2 0.5 1 0.3 2 0.5 places Raising livestock - - - - 2 0.5
In accord with the statistics analysis of the quantitative data, an average total income of surveyed households per month amounts to approximately 300 AZN (including wages, pension, social assistance, remittance and other relate sources). Per capita household income is 71 AZN at the average (computed by dividing a household’s total income by its size). Below is given the structure of households’ main expenditure and the average costs per each expenditure item. Table 3.3.3. Structure of the households expenditures AZN Food 183.6 Clothing 18.7 Transportation 31.2 Medical 31.3 Fuel, electricity 18.2 Water 4.5 Education 6.1 Paying off credit, loans 24.4
According to statistical analysis, an average volume of the monthly household expenditure amounts to approximately 318 AZN (including costs on main expenditure items). A volume of monthly expenses per every family member is 73.6 AZN at the average (computed by dividing a household’s total monthly expenditure by its size). Below is given the data on surveyed households’ assets. Table 3.3.4. Assets items that households have in their accommodation Frequency % Colour TV 382 95.5 Refrigerator 376 94 Telephone 334 83.5 Mobile phone 333 83.3 Electric vacuum cleaner 184 46 Video tape recorder or player 178 44.5 DVD recorder or player 114 28.5 Satellite dish 110 27.5 Washing machine 110 27.5 Air conditioner 92 23 Car 90 22.5 Tape recorder 83 20.8 Sewing machine 57 14.3 Radio 54 13.5 Music centre 50 12.5
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Personal computer 20 5 Internet connection 16 4 Black & White TV 7 1.8 Motorcycle 1 0.3 Other transport 1 0.3
Summarizing the review of financial status of surveyed households, it is necessary to mention that in a number of cases the members of research group (interviewers) reported about insincerity of the respondents and their reluctance to give information about financial condition of their families. Often, the respondents deliberately understated their income level or refused to indicate their income sources. Despite the apparent material welfare and presence of certain assets in the household’s accommodation (listed in the survey questionnaire), the respondents often denied the relative welfare of their families. In our view, the main reason for such a behavior is prevalent public opinion about forthcoming construction of Gizildash Cement Plant, which a significant part of population in the surveyed settlements consider as an opportunity to get a certain financial support. Although, the representatives of research team explained the purpose of SIA implementation in the course of conducting households survey and focus group discussions with community members, many locals had certain expectations about receiving financial aid from this Project.
3.4. Land Ownership and Production
Almost a quarter of all surveyed households (24.5%) have stated about having a homestead land (see Figure 3.4.1). Also, 28.6 percentages of these households have defined it as a dryland. The homestead land of 49% of all landowning households is used for perennial crops, mainly for fruit trees. 34.7% of landowning households use their land for livestock and poultry raising. All landowning households are the legal owners of their land.
Figure 3.4.1. Land ownership in the surveyed households
Have family-owned land Do not have land
75,5% 24,5%
Of 400 surveyed households, only 42 have stated about having livestock (cows and sheep) and poultry. In a whole, the study has revealed that agricultural activity is not an important source of income for owners of land or livestock in the surveyed communities. Only 2 of 42 households who have livestock or poultry have stated about selling the agricultural produce from livestock and poultry raising. The landowners, who cultivate crops, also keep them for household consumption. At the same time, a number of 194
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) landowning households have mentioned that they would like to have the agricultural activity as a source of income. A majority of such households pointed out poor quality of soil as the main problem for the people engaged or would like to be engaged in agricultural activities in the surveyed communities (see Table 3.4.1).
From the statement of FGD participants: “We have no conditions for agricultural activity. There is no pasture for cattle breading, no land for cultivation, and no water for irrigation. All lands surrounding the settlement are in ownership of Absheron district and they are leased by entrepreneurs from other districts for cattle breading. Everyday you can see conflict between local residents and herdsmen”. Table 3.4.1. Main problems/difficulties for the people engaged in agricultural activities
Frequency % Poor quallity of soil 63 64.3 Lack of machinery 37 37.8 Lack of credit or capital to buy inputs (fertilizer, farm 18 18.4 tools) Lack of adequate water 14 14.3 Don’t know 14 14.3 Lack of sufficient manpower in the household 13 13.3 Transportation problems 8 8.2 None 6 6.1 No processing plant in the community 3 3.1 Lack of a market 3 3.1 Lack of skill in agriculture 2 2 Low prices of agricultural products 1 1
Another issue related to agricultural activity in the surveyed settlements was raised during the community consultation. People highlighted that after industrial plant had started operation in the area, the environmental conditions made difficult vegetable growing in the communities.
From the statement of FGD participants: “We planted vegetables in our gardens and didn’t buy tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers, etc. But after Terminal has been opened they don’t grow here”.
3.5. Economic Activity
3.5.1. Employment
The study has showed that unemployment is one of the most urgent issues in the surveyed communities. Unemployment is particularly spread among youth in the surveyed settlements. In the course of community consultations, it was reported that lack of vacancies aggravated the situation. For example, according to information given by community members, more than 70% of able-bodied population in Umid settlement is unemployed.
From the statements of FGD participants: “Social and economical condition in the community is unfavorable. Most residents are unemployed. 50% of residents were working in construction of Sangachal Terminal year ago. After the construction works have been completed only specialists are working there”.
The similar situation is in Jeyildagh settlement where almost all surveyed households have stated about heavy socio-economic conditions in the community. According to focus group participants, about 60% of
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) men and more than 90% of women in the settlement are unemployed. The cause of such a high level of unemployment people see in the lack of industrial enterprises in the nearest areas to the settlement.
From the statements of FGD participants: “I came back after military service and currently I am unemployed. Some casual services as a workman help me to make both ends meet. Poor condition of roads and transport problems limit our opportunities to work in other places out of the settlement. There are a lot of young people like me here who are unemployed”.
As it was stated earlier, 33.5% of all able-bodied members in the surveyed households were employed. More than a third of able-bodied members were unemployed. The rest of adult family members were represented by students, retirees and disable persons. Also, the great majority of surveyed respondents were unemployed too (see Figure 3.5.1).
Figure 3.5.1. Employment of Survey Respondents
Employed Unemployed
62,3% 37,8%
The majority of surveyed respondents work in the settlements they live in. A quarter of the respondents work in other settlements of Garadagh district. About 10 % of respondents work in central Baku or in other settlements outside of central Baku (see Figure 3.5.2). Average cost of travelling to and from work every day amounts up to 2 AZN.
From the statements of FGD participants: “At the opening of each industrial enterprise the administration promises to give a job to our residents, but they forget this promise soon and invite workers from other places”.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.5.2. Location of respondents’ work places
3,3% In this settlement
In other settlement of Garadagh district
6,6% In central Baku
In other settlement outside of central
25,2% 64,9%
3.5.2. Main Problems of Job Placement
It has been emerged from community consultations and households survey that the problem of job placement in the surveyed settlements is getting more and more pressing. As it was mentioned above, more than a half of the respondents did not work during the survey. Period of unemployment of different unemployed respondents lasted from 6 months to 20 years and longer (see Figure 3.5.3).
Figure 3.5.3. Period of unemployment of respondents
Have never worked 35,7%
For 1-3 years 18,5%
For 5-10 years 13,7%
For 15-20 years 9,2%
For 3-5 years 6,8%
For 10-15 years 6,4%
For more than 20 years 4,8%
For up to 6 months 4,8%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Despite the fact that there are a number of industrial enterprises in the surrounding of Sangachal and Umid settlements, most locals both during the focus group discussions and households survey stated about difficulties with getting a job at those enterprises. People complained that the management of these
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) plants does not employ local residents and prefer to hire workers and specialists from other places (central Baku, other settlements).
From the statements of FGD participants: “All young men in the settlement are unemployed. Workers from different places from Alat to Baku are working at the Terminal, and only 5-10 persons from our settlement work there. For example, employees of Azinko, which located very close to our settlement, come from Alat, Gobustan and Baku. Only 5-10 men from Sangachal work there”.
“A company that wins tender employs its own people (relatives or friends) to work there, and our residents cannot get a job. I think that locals should be employed at new enterprises here in the first place, even as a worker”.
“…They came and conducted interviews here when the Terminal was under construction and said that 90% of locals would work there. But today it is a big problem. You should pay if you want to get a job at the Terminal, or you should have someone who will ask for you”.
About 39% of unemployed respondents used to work in public sector (see Table 3.5.1). The number of former workers of industrial and construction sectors amounted to 21% in aggregate, of which only 6.3% of respondents used to work as skilled workers. It is obvious, that if the unemployed population of surveyed settlements is considered as a potential workforce for Gizildash Cement Plant, it will require conducting specific training courses for would-be workers among locals.
Table 3.5.1. Last occupation of unemployed respondents Frequency % State / public employee 63 39.4 Unskilled worker at industrial plant 19 11.9 Education employee (school, kindergarten) 16 10 Commercial entity employee 11 6.9 Transport/service employee 11 6.9 Skilled worker at industrial plant 10 6.3 Housemaid/private work at home 10 6.3 Office employee 7 4.4 Healthcare employee 7 4.4 Construction employee 5 3.1 Entrepreneur 1 0.6 Total 160 100
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Interview with household members in Umid settlement As it is seen from Figure 3.5.3, more that 35% of unemployed respondents have never worked in their life. The overwhelming majority of them are women of different ages who represent housewives among the respondents (see Table 3.5.2).
Table 3.5.2. Demographic profile of unemployed respondents who have never worked Gender Frequency % Male 7 7.9 Female 82 92.1 Age 18-29 22 24.7 30-49 55 61.8 50-65 11 12.4 66 and older 1 1.1 Education Primary or less 2 2.2 Uncompleted secondary 3 3.4 General secondary 72 80.9 University incomplete 7 7.9 University complete 5 5.6
Of the total number of unemployed respondents, 43.4% made an attempt to find a job. More than a third of employed respondents would like to find another job due to low salary in the current place of work (see Table 3.5.3). It is seen from the Table below that more than a half of unemployed respondents (56.6%) have never tried to find a job. It is also evident that a significant majority (64.9%) in this category are women. These findings show that a traditional role of a woman as a home-keeper and housewife is still spread in Azerbaijan.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Table 3.5.3. Respondents’ intentions for seeking a job or changing the current one
Are you currently employed? Are you currently trying to find or Total Yes No change a job? F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Try to find a job - - 108 43.4 108 27 Try to change a job 52 34.4 - - 52 13 Don't try to find or change a job 99 65.6 141 56.6 240 60 currently Total 151 100 249 100 400 100 Gender Male Female Total Try to find a job 39 24.2 67 28 106 26.5 Try to change a job 37 23 17 7.1 54 13.5 Don't try to find or change a job 85 52.8 155 64.9 240 60 currently Total 161 100 239 100 400 100
More than a third of surveyed respondents consider lack of vacancies as the main problem of getting a job under existing high unemployment in the country (see Figure 3.5.4). Among other probable difficulties that they could face in looking for a job there are lack of knowledge of foreign language, age qualifications and lack of appropriate education. Figure 3.5.4. Main problems that respondents can face in searching for a job (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
Lack of vacancies 32,0%
Lack of knowledge of 14,3% foreign language
Age qualifications 14,0%
Lack of appropriate 13,3% education
Lack of connections in business/among 5,8% employers
Lack of experience / 4,3% qualification
Don’t know 27,8%
None of the above 18,5%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Among the problems related to getting a job at the enterprises operating in the area people have pointed out protectionism and corruption. According to focus group participants, even having necessary skills and experience it is almost impossible to get an appropriate job or get a job in general without paying bribe or without necessary connections with management staff of the enterprises.
From the statements of FGD participants: “There are welders, drivers, and crane-operators among local residents. But the management of enterprises employs only their own personnel…I worked as 6th grade crane-operator in Siberia for 9 years. But here I could work only as a worker”. “…I have driving certificate and certificate of welder. But they want 500 manat for employing me at Sangachal Terminal. Where can I get this money? I applied for Azfen Company too. They also wanted money for a job”.
The study has found that most people in the surveyed communities do not consider the opportunity for setting up their own business. Among the all surveyed respondents, about 71% have stated that they do not think about this kind of economic activity (see Figure 3.5.5). At the same time, the respondents were asked to indicate what kind of private business they consider most profitable. Almost 35% said that they would set up a trade business if the necessary finance and equipment were available (see Table 3.5.4).
Figure 3.5.5. Respondents’ opinion about opportunity of setting up own business
Consider setting up own business Do not consider setting up own business Already have own business
70,8% 28,5%
0,8%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Table 3.5.4. Type of business the respondents would set up if the necessary finance and equipment were available (a question made provisions for three options of answers) Frequency % Trade 138 34.8 Cattle breading / poultry keeping 53 13.4 Service activities 44 11.1 Vegetable / fruit growing 26 6.5 Sewing / knitting 18 4.5 Wine-making 9 2.3 Construction 8 2 Carpet weaving 8 2 Woodwork 6 1.5 Maintenance service (service centre) 5 1.3 Not interested in setting up own business 179 45.1
3.6. Health
3.6.1. Assessment of General State of Health
In conformity with the goals and objectives of Social Impact Assessment the methodology of this study envisaged assessment of the general state of health of population in the surveyed settlements and obtaining characteristics of people's health quality. The household survey results have found that 23.3% of all surveyed respondents assessed their general state of health and that of their family members’ as “good” (see Figure 3.6.1). More than 37% of respondents have assessed the general state of health in their households as “unsatisfactory” and “poor”. The most typical problem related to health in the surveyed households included cardiovascular system diseases, nervous system diseases, gastrointestinal system diseases, endocrine system diseases, rheumatic disorders and respiratory infection. Figure 3.6.1. Respondents’ assessment of general state of health of family members (including their own)
Good 8,0% Satisfactory 23,3% Unsatisfactor y 29,8%
39,0%
A comparative analysis of this data per each of surveyed settlements shows an obvious difference in the assessments of general health given by the households at the survey period. An aggregate index of 202
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) “unsatisfactory” and “poor” assessments of health in Sangachal and Umid is significantly higher than in Jeyildagh settlement (see Table 3.6.1).
Table 3.6.1. Comparative data of the assessment of general state of health per each surveyed settlement Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh
F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Good 60 21.4 16 29.1 17 26.6 Satisfactory 105 37.4 18 32.7 33 51.6 Unsatisfactory 91 32.4 18 32.7 10 15.6 Poor 25 8.9 3 5.5 4 6.3 Total 281 100 55 100 64 100
The similar situation as that of the above-mentioned is traced in the dynamics of changes of health quality in the surveyed households. The index of increase in the sickness rate in Sangachal and Umid settlements is almost 1.5 times as much as the same value in Jeyildagh (see Table 3.6.2).
Table 3.6.2. Dynamics of changes in general state of health in the surveyed households within the past five years
Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh
F-cy % F-cy % F-cy % Improved 10 3.6 6 10.9 1 1.6 Deteriorated 127 45.2 23 41.8 19 29.7 No change 141 50.2 26 47.3 44 68.8 Don't know 3 1.1 - - - - Total 281 100 55 100 64 100
The majority of surveyed respondents who have stated about deterioration of health in their families over the last years attribute it to the environmental factor (see Figure 3.6.2).
From the statements of FGD participants: “Main diseases among local residents are related to high blood pressure, hepatitis, diabetes, pneumonia, etc. All of these health problems have been caused by new industrial enterprises opened in this area”.
“…I was treated for tuberculosis during a year from the opening of the Terminal”.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.6.2. Respondents’ opinion about the causes of deterioration of health in their families (a question made provisions for three options of answers)
Environmental factors 60,4%
Inadequate sanitation 15,8%
Insufficient food 15,8%
Poor quality of water 14,8%
Psycho-social problems (stress) 14,3%
Poor quality of food 13,8%
Natural causes / Ageing 10,7%
Worsening economic conditions 8,7%
Reduced quality of health care 7,1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Comparative analysis of the above-stated findings in the context of three settlements shows that the environmental factor as a probable cause of health deterioration in the surveyed families is strongly pronounced in Sangachal and Umid settlements (see Table 3.6.3). Besides, the locals attribute the deterioration of environmental conditions (which in their turn affect people’s health) to the operation of large industrial plants located in the survey area. The comparative Table below shows the percentage of respondents’ opinion about different factors affecting locals’ health in three surveyed settlements. It is worth to notice that the index of “insufficient food” in Jeyildagh community is significantly higher than the same value in Sangachal and Umid (31.6% compared to 18.1% and 8.7% accordingly). Also, the “worsening of economic conditions” as a cause of health deterioration is much more pronounced in Umid settlement than in Sangachal and Jeyildagh (30.4% compared to 7.1 and 5.3% accordingly). Table 3.6.3. Comparative data on the factors that caused deterioration of health in the surveyed families
Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh Environmental factors 70.1% 52.2% 5.3% Inadequate sanitation 17.3% 26.1% 15.8% Insufficient food 18.1% 8.7% 31.6% Poor quality of water 20.5% 8.7% 5.3% Psycho-social problems (stress) 14.2% 21.7% 26.3% Poor quality of food 15.7% 17.4% 15.8% Natural causes / Ageing 10.2% 8.7% 31.6% Worsening of economic conditions 7.1% 30.4% 5.3% Reduced quality of health care 6.3% 26.1% -
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) 3.6.2. Main Problems of Health Care
The study findings show that only 11.5% of surveyed households take medical care in the local health care facilities. According to the respondents, the majority of locals prefer to get medical treatment in health care facilities of other settlements in Garadagh district or in central Baku.
The survey has revealed that there has not been any significant positive or negative tendency in development of health care in the surveyed settlements. The majority of surveyed households have stated that the level and quality of health care services have not changed over the last years in their communities (see Figure 3.6.3).
Figure 3.6.3. Dynamics of changes in health care services in the settlements over the past 5 years
Improved Deteriorated No change
69,0% Don't know
6,8% 16,3% 8,0%
However, in spite of satisfactory assessment of health care in whole, the study findings have revealed a number of existing problems. The great majority of surveyed households have said that they have difficulties in getting health care they need. For example, there is still no medical point in Umid settlement. According to focus group participants, a small outpatient clinic in Sangachal does not cover locals’ needs in medical care. The problem of health care services is also prominent in Jeyildagh settlement.
From the statements of FGD participants: “… It is a big problem to take an ill man to the doctor in Jeyildagh. We had a policlinic here before, but now it is closed”.
“…There is doctor Aziz here (in Jeyildagh), who helps people as much as he can. But he works only 6 hours per month. It is not enough, and his salary is small. The settlement has a new ambulance. But what can you do with ambulance if there is no doctor?”
According to households survey results, the most pressing problems of health care are high cost of prescribed medicines and high cost of provided medical services (see Figure 3.6.4).
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.6.4. Difficulties in getting health care services (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
High cost of prescribed 85,8% medicines
High cost of provided medical 62,2% services
Remoteness of the health care 27,6% facilities from the home
Low quality of provided 10,2% medical services
Prefer folk medicine / healers 2,0%
No pharmacy in the 1,2% settlement (Jeyildagh)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Another pressing issue of health care in the surveyed communities is absence of the most often used drugs in the local pharmacies. This was stated by more than a half of surveyed households (see Figure 3.6.5). Figure 3.6.5. Availability of the most often used drugs in the local pharmacy
Yes, always available Available only sometimes Never available 4,0% Don't know
16,0%
59,0% 21,0%
In whole, the study findings indicate the necessity of improvement of health care on the local level of surveyed communities.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) 3.7. Education
The majority of school age children and teenagers residing in the surveyed settlements attend secondary school. In the course of the survey, the households were asked to assess the quality of education services in their settlements (see Figure 3.7.1).
Figure 3.7.1. Respondents’ assessment of the quality of schools in the surveyed settlements
Excellent Jeyildagh 2,8% Umi d Sangachal 4,7% Good 10,9% 36,7%
18,8% Satisfactory 56,4% 36,7%
73,4% Poor 18,2% 10,0%
3,1% Don't know 14,5% 13,9%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
As it is seen from the above Figure, respondents’ views about quality of secondary schools in the surveyed settlements differ. The index of positive assessment of school quality in Sangachal settlement is three times higher than the same value in Umid, and more than seven times higher than that of in Jeyildagh settlement. Moreover, the significant majority of surveyed households in Jeyildagh have assessed the quality of their secondary school as “bad”. During the survey, many people in this settlement complained about their nine-grade secondary school.
From the statements of FGD participants: “The situation at school is bad. It is an old building and nearly destroyed. Half of the teachers working in the school come from central Baku. They can’t get to the work on time because of transportation problems. Vehicle of “Garadahg Oil” Company that brings workers to the plants also brings teacher to our settlement. This affects negatively the quality of education.”
“...As a representative of young generation, I am not satisfied with education in our settlement. Most of children in here want to continue education. But poor condition of road and transportation problems don’t allow them to go to other schools or higher education institution.”
“... The school here is a school for workers. They teach children how to write and nothing else”. The data on changes in quality of secondary schools in the surveyed communities over the last five years (see Figure 3.7.2) are in logical interrelation with the above-stated assessments.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.7.2. Dynamics of changes in the quality of schools over the past 5 years Below are given the comparative assessments of some features of secondary schools per each surveyed settlement.
1,6% Improved 36,4% 57,3%
48,4% Jeyildagh Deteriorated 7,3% Umi d 3,6% Sangachal
48,4% No change 36,4% 23,8%
1,6% Don't know 20,0% 15,3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Figure 3.7.3. Respondents’ assessment of quality of teaching at the community’s school
80% Sangachal 71,4% Umi d 70% Jeyildagh
60%
50% 47,8% 43,9%
40% 39,1% 37,4%
30% 25,7%
20% 16,5% 13,0%
10% 1,4% 2,9% 0,7% 0% Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Don't know
208
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
Figure 3.7.4. Respondents’ assessment of quality of teacher / pupil ratio at the community’s school
70% Sangachal 60,0% Umid 60% Jeyildagh
50% 43,5% 41,7% 40%
30,4% 30% 25,2% 23,0% 20,0% 20% 17,4% 14,3%
7,9% 8,7% 10% 5,7% 2,2% 0% Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Don't know
209
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.7.5. Respondents’ assessment of quality of schools’ building condition
80% Sangachal 71,4% 70% 65,2% Umi d 60,4% Jeyildagh 60%
50%
40%
28,6% 30% 23,0% 21,7% 20% 13,0% 9,4% 10% 6,5% 0,7% 0% Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Don't know
From the above-stated comparative data it is evident, that the school education, particularly the quality of its different features in Jeyildagh settlement requires significant improvement. In the course of the interview, most parents highlighted that the existing nine-grade secondary school in Jeyildagh community considerably limited the chances of their children to get completed secondary education. Many children cannot afford to continue secondary education in other settlements due to transport problems and financial difficulties in their families. This problem assumes ever greater urgency in the context of parents' concern about getting higher education by their children. The study has revealed that the overwhelming majority of surveyed households consider utterly important that their children get a higher education, and that is equally important for both boys and girls (see Figures 3.7.6 and 3.7.7).
Figure 3.7.6. Respondents’ statements about getting a higher education by their children
It is not so important to me whether or not my children 89,8% get a higher education It is desirable to get higher education, but not absolutely necessary It is extremely important that my children get a higher education 8,3%
2,0%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.7.6. Respondents’ opinion about importance of getting a higher education for boys and girls More important for boys More important for girls Equally important for boys and girls
84,8%
6,8% 8,5%
3.8. Community Facilities and Infrastructure
Analysis of available data about socio-economic development of surveyed communities as well as the results of this study shows both the progress in development of the settlements and existing problems. In accord with the «Program for acceleration of social and economic development of settlements of Baku city for 2006-2007 years», a number of different activities on rehabilitation and development of infrastructure facilities have been implemented in the surveyed communities. Below is the information on these works fulfilled in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh settlements.
Table 3.8.1. Activities implemented in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh communities in the frames of the Program of Social and Economical Development of Baku Settlements
Name and Period of Executive Organization State of Implementaiton of Works Execution of works Communication and Information 1632 numbers were given to Enlargement of Sangachal Ministry of operation in Sangachal telephone Telephone Station for 128 Communication and station and 608 numbers were added. numbers and repair of post Information Construction of new building for office # 82 (2006-2007- Technologies Post Office #82 was finished and years) given to exploitation. 64 numbers were added to Enlargement of Cheyildagh Ministry of Cheyildagh Telephone Station. Telephone Station for 64 Communication and Construction of new building for numbers and installation of Information Post Office #137 was finished and one post box (2006) Technologies given to exploitation. Environment Re-installation of biological “Azersu “JSC, EP of There is no need to construct waste cleaning structure in Umud Baku, Ministry of water cleaning structure in the
211
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) settlement (2006-2007 years). Ecology and Natural settlement, as waste waters run Resources through sewerage system of Sahil settlement. Water Supply and Sewerage System Replacement of one part of Replacement of 10.8km of main State Oil Company water line in Cheyildagh water line to Cheyildagh settlement (SOCAR) settlement (2006) of 24 km in length has finished. Sewerage line with 200 mm diameter General reconstruction of 787 p\m in 2006 year, 1000 p\m with internal sewerage system in “Azersu” JSC, EP of 200 mm diameter in 2007 year was Cheyildagh settlement Garadagh district installed in Cheyildagh settlement, (2006-2007 years) installation works were completed. Roads and Transport Network Central road in Umud settlement was Rehabilitation of main road Executive Power of covered with 4474 sq. meters of in Umud settlement (2006) Garadagh district asphalt. Rehabilitation of main road Central road in Sangachal settlement Executive Power of in Sangachal settlement was covered with 3046 sq. meters of Garadagh district (2006) asphalt. 11.4 million US$ required for rehabilitation of main road between Sangachal and Cheyildagh settlements with considering of construction of three bridges. Work Generap repair of Sangachal- for 35.2 thousand manat was done in Cheyildagh road of 24 km in Ministry of Transport 2006 year and there was built square length and construction of pipe with 2x2 size for 115.8 bridge (2006-2007 years) thousand manat on 16th kilometre of the road in 2006 year, rehabilitation works on 1st -16th kilometres of the road for 256.2 thousand manat was completed in 2007 year . Culture and Tourism Rehabilitation of library and Executive Power of provision of machines in Rehabilitation of library in Baku city, Ministry of Sangachal settlement (2006- Sangachal settlement was completed. Culture and Tourism 2007-years)
At the same time, the comparative analysis of the official data and findings of this study have shown that, despite the implemented rehabilitation works, some problems of infrastructure still exist in the surveyed settlements. Both in quantitative survey (interview with households) and community consultations (focus group discussions) most people pointed out existing problems of infrastructure in the surveyed settlements.
Sangachal:
212
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) As it was reported by community members, many problems in the settlement have been existing since USSR period. Some issues have been solved by NGOs, for example construction of new sewerage system. However, that have caused a new problem related to roads that have been damaged during the construction works, and this situation is still unsettled. The operation life of water supply system has expired long ago that is the causes of damages and interruptions in water-supply now and then. Another urgent matter in the settlement is lack of the crossing (bridge) across the railway, and this increase the risk of pedestrian accidents at the railway.
From the statements of FGD participants: “...The main problem is lack of railway platform in the settlement. People have to cross the way directly through the railways or/and under railcars. Construction of a bridge could solve this problem.”
Umid Some infrastructure facilities in the community have been improved over the recent years. A new sewerage system and a school have been constructed. But other issues, such as bad condition of the roads, lack of kindergarten and medical point are still unsettled. Among the most pressing problems in the community there is also very poor condition of internal roads and high level of humidity in IDPs houses due to inadequate construction. The latter is one the causes of health problems in IDP families living in those houses. People complained that officials often promised to take measures to improve the infrastructure in the settlement, but no significant changes happened.
From the statements of FGD participants: “…Organizations came here, talked to residents and promised to do something for us. But after construction of the plant they forgot about it. Leading persons believe that our problems are solved. But it is not so”.
“…Some organizations offer us to solve some of our problems. But according to their terms, the community should allocate 10% for workers salary, and they will start implementation of projects”.
Jeyildagh Roads and transport issues are the problems that have been pointed out most often during the survey and focus group discussion in this community. Poor condition of 25 kilometer road between Jeyildagh and Sangachal settlements causes difficulties to transportation. Lack of regular public transport between Jeyildagh and central Baku aggravates the situation. There is only one public bus that runs ones a day between Jeyildagh and Sangachal settlements. Among the other pressing problems in the community, there are poor condition of sewerage system and poor hygiene and sanitary situation that cause hazard of spread of infectious diseases. Also, there are no recreation facilities for children and young people in the settlement.
From the statements of FGD participants: “The main problems in our settlement are road and unemployment… There is only one bus to Sangachal which leaves at 7 am and comes back at 6 pm. And the vehicle is very old”.
“…Poor condition of the roads and transport problems do not allow us to find a job outside of the settlement. We cannot even come back home at the evening when go somewhere beyond Jeyildagh... There is no place for young people to spend their spare time in the settlement”.
As it is seen from the Table below, 45% of surveyed households consider that the condition of roads in the settlements and access roads has not changed over the last years. Moreover, 39% of surveyed households have stated that this situation has deteriorated (see Table 3.8.2).
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Table 3.8.2. Dynamics of changes in the quality of infrastructure in the surveyed settlements over the past 5 years
Improved Deteriorated No change Don’t know Roads in the settlement 14.8% 39% 45% 1.3% Access roads to the settlement 15.3% 32.8% 50.8% 1.3% Public transport 6.8% 28.3% 63.5% 1.5% Water supply 48% 3% 47.5% 1.5% Water quality 35.8% 11% 51.8% 1.5% Energy supply 52.5% 1.8% 44.8% 1% Energy quality 51% 3.3% 44.8% 1% Drains and sewerage 44.5% 5.8% 48.8% 1% Waste disposal 18.5% 18.3% 60.3% 3% Tele-communications 58.8% 0.5% 38.5% 2.3% Postal services 63% 1% 34.3% 1.8%
The problems of roads network and public transport are also reflected in the assessment of existing infrastructure conditions in the surveyed settlements (see Table 3.8.3). A significant majority of surveyed households have pointed out the bad quality of roads in the settlements and access roads to the settlements.
Table 3.8.3. Respondents’ assessment of existing infrastructure conditions in the surveyed settlements Not Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor available Roads in the settlement 1% 12.3% 12.5% 74.3% - Access roads to the settlement 1% 10.5% 23% 65.5% - Public transport 3% 5.8% 15.3% 39.3% 36.8% Water supply 12.3% 62.8% 18.8% 6.3% - Water quality 11% 43.5% 28.8% 16.8% - Energy supply 19% 65% 15.3% 0.8% - Energy quality 17.8% 58% 21.5% 2.8% - Drains and sewerage 10.3% 49.3% 26.5% 12.5% 1.5% Waste disposal 5% 13.8% 20.8% 51.3% 9.3%
3.9. Community Needs and Priorities
One of the paramount goals of this Social Impact Assessment was identification of main needs and priorities in development of the surveyed communities. Analysis of study findings has revealed that, despite the number of measures on improvement of socio-economical condition taken by government 214
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) institutions in these communities, in a number of cases the situation still remains unfavorable for local residents.
From the statements of FGD participants: Sangachal “… There is no recreation place for youth and children in our settlement to spend their spare time”.
“I told about transportation problem in the settlement when representatives of Baku Executive Power had come here. People have to wait for a bus for hours to go somewhere. Deputy Chairman of Baku Executive Power promised to provide us with vehicles, but there is still no additional vehicles here”.
“There is only one school in the settlement; it was built in 1941 as a military hospital. There are 1100 pupils in the settlement. They study at school in 2 or 3 shifts. We would be very glad if a new school were built here”.
“There is no railway platform here. It is very difficult to get on a train especially for old people, children and women. This station is situated in the middle of Sangachal settlement, so it would be good to build a bridge here”.
Umid “…The main problem is unemployment. People want to work”.
“We know that there is economic crisis everywhere. It is difficult to repair the roads in the settlement”.
“As a local resident I can say that Terminal has made a lot for this settlement. For example, they constructed sewerage system here. I hope that construction of a new cement plant will solve road and infrastructure problems in our settlement, or build kindergarten”.
“One of the main problems is lack of kindergarten and market in the settlement”.
“…School in the settlement is small, and there is no health point here”.
Jeyildagh “The main problems are road and unemployment”.
“The main problem is a road. Most of young people don’t work. Good transportation condition would help us to work in other places, and we could earn money for our families”.
“We gathered money among ourselves and temporarily solved the road problem. But it did not last long. After raining the problem emerged again”.
“The surrounding territory is large. There is every condition for construction of industrial enterprise here. It is also near to quarry. Young residents of this settlement could work at a new plant”.
Aiming to identify the most vulnerable spheres of social life in the surveyed communities, the households were suggested to point out the most important areas for speedy improvement in their settlements. Among the three most pressing problems in the surveyed communities, there are environmental conditions, roads network and employment (see Figure 3.9.1).
215
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.9.1. Rating of the most important areas for improvement in the surveyed settlements (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
Environment 72,3% Settlement roads 67,5% Employment 62,3% Access roads 54,0% Health care 46,5% Waste disposal 42,3% Youth facilities 28,0% Childcare 19,5% Schools 16,5% Transport 10,8% Sports/recreation 7,5% Housing 6,5% Water supply 5,0% Markets 2,8% Power supply 2,5% Culture 1,8% Technical training 1,0% Communications 0,5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
From the comparative data below it is seen that five the most pressing problems are absolutely identical in Sangachal and Umid settlements (see Table 3.9.1). They include settlement roads, health care, environment, employment, and waste disposal. As to Jeyildagh community, the above-mentioned problem of secondary school has been reflected again among issues that require the speedy improvement.
Table 3.9.1. Five most important areas for improvement in the surveyed settlements
Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh Environment 86.1% 58.2% 23.4% Settlement roads 60.1% 76.4% 92.2% Employment 60.9% 47.3% 81.3% Access roads 39.9% 32.7% 90.6% Health care 44.8% 38.2% 60.9% Waste disposal 47% 56.4% 9.4% Youth facilities 29.9% 25.5% 21.9% Childcare 18.1% 36.4% 10.9% Schools 11% 32.7% 70.3% Transport 15.3% - -
216
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
Sports/recreation 10% 3.6% - Housing 6.8% 9.1% 3.1% Water supply 1.1% 18.2% 10.9% Markets 3.9% - - Power supply 0.4% 16.4% - Culture 2.5% - - Technical training 1.1% - 1.6% Communications - 1.8% 1.6%
It is worth to notice that the transport and markets problems among the most urgent needs (see Table 3.9.1) have been named by the respondents independently (i.e., they were not listed among the options of answers in the questionnaire). The problem of insufficient range of goods in the community’s stores was pointed out by a large number of surveyed households in Sangachal and Umid settlements, and by the overwhelming majority of respondents in Jeyildagh (see Figure 3.9.2). In this connection, almost 45% of all surveyed households buy most of the family's foodstuff in the other settlements of Garadagh district or in the central Baku. Figure 3.9.2. Respondents’ opinion about sufficiency of range of goods in the community’ stores
85,9% 90% Sufficient Not sufficient 80%
70% 54,5% 52,7% 60% 47,3% 45,5% 50%
40%
30% 14,1% 20%
10%
0% Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh
Summarizing the assessment of socio-economic development of surveyed settlements, it should be noted that only 18.3% of all surveyed households believe that the economic condition in their communities has improved within the last five years (see Figure 3.9.3). A third of the respondents have stated about deterioration of socio-economic situation in the surveyed settlements.
217
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.9.3. Respondents’ opinion about economic changes in the surveyed settlements within the past five years
Improved Deteriorated No change Don't know 10,0% 18,3%
38,3% 33,5%
From the statements of FGD participants: Sangachal “Nothing has got better. There is no transport; roads are in a very bad condition. You will not be able to walk here after rains. Umid settlement is much smaller from our settlement but they have a bus”.
Umid “Generally everything has become worse – unemployment, roads…”
“There is a progress in social and economic condition of the settlement during the last 5 years.”
“Condition has become better for employed residents. Bur for unemployed people situation is still bad”.
Jeyildagh “It was good at the beginning. Oil prices were high and people lived well. But it is very difficult now. It is getting worse. Unemployment has increased, social assistance has been terminated”.
3.10. Social Issues and Organization
The study results have revealed quite a low level of social activity of surveyed communities’ members. Despite the fact that there are some community-based organizations in the settlements, only 11 of 400 surveyed households had information about their existence and activity in the communities. Among those organizations there were community centers established by World Vision Azerbaijan and Sangachal Terminal.
From the statements of FGD participants: “A community-based organization has been created in Sangachal with the support of World Vision Azerbaijan. Main objective of this community organization is to solve some social problems”.
The overwhelming majority of surveyed households (81%) believe that there is no community organization in their settlements, and another 16.3% of respondents do not have any information about this matter. On the other hand, this state of things shows a weak connection between existing organizations and community members.
218
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) In addition to availability of the community-based organizations, the study envisaged the identification of the role of non-government organizations in development of the surveyed settlements. Similarly to the previous answers, only a small number of surveyed households (26 out of 400) were aware about this kind of external (non-government) support aimed on development of infrastructure facilities, improving health care and educational facilities in their communities. At the same time, despite the fact that large industrial plants operating in the survey area (such as Sangachal Terminal and Garadagh Cement Plant) are implementing community investment program in the host communities, particularly in Sangahcal and Umid, the overwhelming majority of surveyed households had no information about this activity.
From the statements of FGD participants: “Our community (Sangachal) have made a lot with the financial support of Sangachal Terminal. For example, a new sewerage system was constructed… Financial condition of local residents is not very good, and they can’t participate in financing of projects. They only can provide labor force”.
The study has revealed quite a high authority of Local Executive Committee in the surveyed settlements. When identifying who should decide on upgrades to services and facilities in their communities, the greater part of respondents pointed out the Executive Committee of Garadagh district (see Figure 3.10.1).
Figure 3.10.1. Respondents’ opinion on who should decide on upgrades to settlement services and facilities
Local Executive 44,0% Committee should decide
Central Government 43,3% should decide
The most authoritative people in the settlement 6,0% should have the final say
Project specialists should 5,8% decide
The community as a whole 1,0% should decide
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
The similar tendency in public opinion is about who should manage and maintain the work if the settlement is offered financial resources to upgrade infrastructure facilities and social services. The majority of surveyed households have given preference to Executive Committee in management of the works on social development in their communities (see Figure 3.10.2).
219
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.10.2. Respondents’ opinion on who should manage and maintain the work if the settlement is offered some financial resources to upgrade services
64,2% 70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
16,0% 14,3% 20% 5,5% 10%
0% Executive An organization Municipalities Existing community Committee specially formed for groups or NGOs the job
3.11. Assessment of Environmental Condition in the Communities
The policy of Azerbaijan in the field of ecology and environmental protection is a part of the general strategy of economic, political and social development of the country. The National Environmental Protection Actions Plan for Azerbaijan adopted in 1997 specified the main sources of air, soil and water resources pollution in Azerbaijan including both oil-producing and non-oil-producing industry, power industry and transport1. Within the period of economic regress as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union and an actual breakage of economic links with other republics the volume of industrial output was considerable decreased. As a follow-up there was a decrease in the volume of industrial air emissions caused a certain improvement of environmental situation (condition of atmosphere). However, the problem of highly contaminated industrial areas and first of all, the areas of the Absheron Peninsula remained unsettled. This problem is particularly pressing for those districts of Baku city where the large industrial plants have been traditionally located, among which is Garadagh district. In spite of using high technologies that help to reduce the level of environmental pollution, the large industrial plants still cause a great concern about ecological risk to host communities. Given the specific features of this project, the concept of Social Impact Assessment envisaged identification of public opinion about the environmental condition in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh settlements, and study of public perception of the current problems.
A significant majority of surveyed households (71.8% in aggregate) have assessed the environmental conditions in their settlements as “unfavorable” and “very unfavorable” (see Figure 3.11.1).
1 Source: based on the report of ISAR-Azerbaijan “The main environmental problems in Azerbaijan and the work of local NGOs to address these problems ” 220
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.11.1. Respondents’ assessment of environmental conditions in the settlements
6,0% Very favorable
7,0% Favorable
14,3% Acceptable in general
42,5% Unfavorable
Very unfavorable 29,3%
Don't know 1,0%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
From the statements of FGD participants: Sangachal “…It is impossible to get out in the morning and at night in summer. It is hard to breathe because of noxious smoke of Sangachal Terminal”.
“They discharge waste waters of the Terminal several times a week. It smells terrible. We can’t breathe because of this smell”.
Umid “We can’t leave homes even late at night; we can’t breathe because of smoke”.
The comparative analysis of assessments of environmental condition per each settlement shows that the problem is much more pronounced in Sangachal and Umid communities. In particular, a percentage of households who assessed the environmental situation as “unfavorable” and “very unfavorable” in Sangachal and Umid settlements are five times higher than the same index in Jeyildagh (see Figure 3.11.2).
221
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.11.2. Comparative assessment of environmental condition per settlements
35,9% Very favorable Jeyildagh 0,4% Umid Sangachal 32,8% Favorable 1,8% 2,1%
15,6% Acceptable in general 23,6% 12,1%
9,4% Unfavorable 50,9% 48,4%
6,3% Very unfavorable 21,8% 35,9%
Don't know 1,8% 1,1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Moreover, in assessment of the dynamics of environmental changes in the settlements within the last 10 years (a period of intensive development and operating of industrial plants in the surveyed area), an aggregate percentage of households which pointed out the worsening of environmental situation in Umid and Sangachal exceed significantly the same index in Jeyildagh (see Table 3.11.1).
Table 3.11.1. Dynamics of changes of environmental situation in the surveyed settlements over the last 10 years
Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh Improved substantially - - 1.6% Improved slightly 4.6% 14.5% 3.1% No changes 8.5% 18.2% 79.7% Worsened slightly 34.2% 41.8% 12.5% Worsened substantially 51.6% 18.2% 3.1% Don't know 1.1% 7.3% -
Below are presented the results of surveyed respondents’ assessment of soil, air and water pollution in their settlements. The comparative data demonstrate a considerable difference in the assessments of soil, water and air pollution in the surveyed settlements (see Figures 3.11.3-5).
222
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.11.3. Comparative data on respondents’ assessments of soil contamination level in the settlements
80% Sangachal 70,3% 70% Umi d Jeyildagh 60%
50%
40% 32,7% 29,1% 30% 24,2% 25,3% 20,0% 20,3% 20% 17,4% 12,5% 10,9% 12,8% 9,4% 10% 6,3% 7,3% 1,6% 0% Not contaminated Low Medium High Don't know
Figure 3.11.4. Comparative data on respondents’ assessments of water contamination level in the settlements
80% Sangachal 68,8% 70% Umid Jeyildagh 60%
50% 47,3%
40% 32,7% 30% 26,7% 26,0% 22,1% 19,6% 20% 12,5% 12,5% 10,9% 9,1% 10% 6,3% 5,7%
0% Not contaminated Low Medium High Don't know
223
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.11.5. Comparative data on respondents’ assessments of air contamination level in the settlements
80% 75,1% Sangachal 68,8% 70% Umid Jeyildagh 63,6% 60%
50%
40%
30% 21,8% 20% 16,7% 12,5% 10,9% 9,4% 10% 7,8% 9,4% 3,6% 0,4% 0% Not contaminated Low Medium High
The households were suggested to point out three main sources of environmental pollution in their settlements. As it is seen from Figure 3.11.6, the overwhelming majority of them indicated industrial plants operation as the main cause of unfavorable environmental situation in their communities.
Figure 3.11.6. Main sources of environmental pollution in the surveyed settlements (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
Industrial plants operation 81,5%
Domestic waste, garbage 32,5%
Industrial waste (both solid 30,5% and liquid)
No sources of 7,0% environmental pollution
Waste (sewage) waters 6,0%
Transport 5,8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
224
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) A comparative analysis of surveyed households’ opinions has again revealed a prevalent stable attitude of the population in Sagachal and Umid towards industrial plants as the main sources of environmental pollution in their communities (see Table 3.11.2). It is also evident that only in Jeyildagh settlement a significant number of households believe that there is no sources of environmental pollution in their places of residence. At the same time, a half of surveyed respondents there have pointed out domestic waste / garbage as a factor negatively affecting the environment in the settlement.
Table 3.11.2. Main sources of environmental pollution per settlements Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh Industrial plants operation 96.1% 98.2% 3.1% Domestic waste, garbage 24.9% 50.9% 50% Industrial waste (both solid and liquid) 37.7% 27.3% 1.6% Waste (sewage) waters 3.6% 7.3% 15.6% Transport 7.1% 1.8% 3.1% No sources of environmental pollution - - 43.8%
In whole, the survey results have showed that environmental conditions are a matter of strong concern of the majority of population in the surveyed settlements, and this index is almost equal in all communities (see Figure 3.11.7).
Figure 3.11.7. Respondents’ anxiety about the environmental conditions in the surveyed settlements 120%
96,1% Sangachal 100% 92,2% 90,9% Umi d
80% Jeyildagh
60%
40%
20% 7,8% 7,3% 3,2% 0,7% 1,8% 0% Environmental conditions Environmental conditions Environmental conditions Don't know is a matter of strong is a matter of some is not a matter of concern concern concern
Only 15.3% of all surveyed households expect that environmental condition in their settlements will change for the better within the next few years (see Figure 3.11.8). Also, the number of those who believe that the environmental situation will remain the same or even deteriorate amounts to almost 44% in aggregate.
225
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.11.8. Respondents’ opinion about how the environmental situation in their settlements will change in the next several years
15,3% Situation will improve Situation will remain the same 41,0% Situation will deteriorate 14,5% Don'tknow
29,3%
3.12. Industrial Activity and Community Relations
3.12.1. Assessment of Awareness of Industrial Activity and Social Development Programs in the Project Area
In accordance with the concept of this Social Impact Assessment, one of its key task was identification of social expectations of population in host communities towards implementation of this Project both at the phase of construction of Gizildash Cement Plant and in the course of its further operation. It is known, that Garadagh district is traditionally considered one of industrial districts of Baku agglomeration. There are about 47 large and medium enterprises, including extractive and processing industrial plants. Considering the scale of their impact on environment and social life of host communities, it was particularly important to identify in whole the attitude of local residents towards the large industrial plants operating in the project area.
From total number of surveyed households, more than 90% were aware of large industrial plants operating in the district. Moreover, a comparative analysis shows that this index is significantly higher in Sangachal and Umid settlements, where more than 94% of surveyed households stated about their awareness. At the same time, this index in Jeyildahg settlement amounts to almost 44% (see Figure 3.12.1). Apparently, this difference has been caused by closer location of Sangachal and Umid settlements to the large industrial plants of Sangachal Terminal and Garadagh Cement.
226
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.12.1. Households’ awareness of large industrial plants operating in the project area
98,6% 94,5% 100% Aware 90% Not aware 80% 70% 56,3%
60% 43,8% 50% 40% 30% 20% 1,4% 5,5% 10% 0% Sangachal Umid Jeyildagh
In giving assessment of changes in living standards in the settlements over the period of industrial plants’ operation in the area, a significant number of surveyed households (47%) have stated about their deterioration (see Figure 3.12.2).
Figure 3.12.2. Respondents’ opinion about how the living conditions in their settlements changed since the industrial plants had started operations
Improved Deteriorated No change Don't know
26,5% 47,0%
10,5% 16,0%
It is worth to compare the indexes of respondents’ opinions about this matter in the context of three settlements (see Figure 3.12.3). From the Figure below it is seen that the overwhelming part of surveyed households in Jeyildagh settlement do not see any changes in living standards over the period of industrial plants operation in the project area. As to the rest of communities, more than a half of respondents in Sangachal and a great part Umid believe that the situation has deteriorated.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.12.3. Respondents’ opinion about changes in living conditions in the settlements since the industrial plants had started operations
90% 81,3% Sangachal 80% Umi d
70% Jeyildagh 58,0% 60%
50% 45,5% 40% 27,3% 30% 19,6% 17,2% 20% 14,5% 13,9% 12,7% 10% 8,5% 1,6% 0% Improved Deteriorated No change Don't know
The majority of those who believe that the living conditions in the settlements have improved have pointed out increasing of employment in the communities. Among other positive changes, there were mentioned improvement in community infrastructure (specifically, laying of sewerage in Umid settlement), repairs of roads, technical assistance to the local schools (see Figure 3.12.4). More than a half of households who stated about deterioration of living conditions in their settlements have pointed out environmental pollution that negatively affects people’s health in the communities (see Figure 3.12.4). Among other factors that cause concerns to local residents there are strong smell and noise due to industrial plants' operation.
Figure 3.12.4. Respondents’ opinion about improvements and deteriorations in living conditions owing to industrial plants operations (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
Provided employment to 89,1% the locals
Improved infrastructure 15,6% facilities Improvements
Provided help to Deteriorations 12,5% local schools
Environment has been polluted 54,5%
Morbidity among 9,5% locals increased
Strong smell from 5,3% industrial plants’ activity
Noise from 1,3% industrial plants’ operation
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) The study has showed that the population of the surveyed communities is quite concerned about industrial operations in the area. Only a third of all surveyed households said they had not had any concerns, while more than a half of households stated they were very concerned about environmental pollution due to industrial plants operations (see Figure 3.12.5). As previously, a certain part of households is concerned about deterioration of health, which in their opinion has been caused by environmental pollution.
Figure 3.12.5. Main concerns of surveyed households about industrial operations in the project area (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
50,5% Environmental pollution
13,8% Increase of morbidity
5,5% Strong noise
4,0% Strong smell
32,0% Don’t have any concerns
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Analysis of available information shows that large industrial plants as Sangachal Terminal and Garadagh Cement operating in the district are implementing a number of activities in the frames of community investment programs in their host communities. Review of existing data indicates that such activities are aimed on both improving community infrastructure (roads repair, laying of water pipeline, sewerage system, etc.) and technical help to local social services (health care, schools, including training services, etc.). However, according to study results only 11 of 400 surveyed households were aware of community investment activities implemented by industrial plants in their or other settlement in this district. Moreover, despite the fact that a great part of the mentioned activities have been carried out in Sangachal and Umid settlements, only 10 of all surveyed respondents in these communities were aware of these activities (see Figure 3.12.6).
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.12.6. Respondents’ awareness of community investment programs of industrial plants in their or other settlement in Garadagh district
Aware Umid 2,8% 1,5% Not aware Jeyildagh 97,3% 0,3%
Sangachal 1,0%
In whole, the study findings allow to draw a conclusion about rather negative attitude of local population towards the large industrial plants' operation in the district. The main reason for such an attitude is a great concern of locals about environment pollution caused by industrial operations. In spite of evident advantages, such as partial solving of employment issues in the settlements and improvement of community infrastructure, a great part of population believe that living conditions in their settlements have deteriorated since the industrial plants have started their operations in the area. Moreover, during the interview many respondents claimed that they expected to receive a certain financial support (or indemnity) from industrial plants for reparation of damages to their health as a result of industrial operations.
From the statements of FGD participants: “Before the construction of Sangachal Terminal they promised to pay compensations to locals. But they have not paid any compensation”
“I have two little children and I am widowed and have a second degree of disability. I said that this Terminal is not good for our health and that they should pay compensation to us. They promised to help old and sick residents and pay compensation. But nobody has helped us and there has been no compensation so far”.
3.12.2. Social Expectations and Main Concerns about Gizildash Cement Plant Construction and Operation
In the course of implementation of Social Impact Assessment, the key attention was paid to social expectations of surveyed communities for construction and future operation of the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant. The study has showed that despite the above-mentioned concerns about industrial operations, a significant part of population consider construction of industrial plant favorable to local communities attributing this to their social-economic development. More than 46% of all surveyed households have shared this opinion (see Figure 3.12.7). At the same time, more than a third of respondents believe that construction and operation of industrial plants is “unfavorable” and “very unfavorable”.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.12.7. Respondents’ perception of construction and operation of industrial plants
45% 40,8%
40%
35%
30% 22,0% 25%
16,3% 20% 15,3%
15%
10% 5,8%
5%
0% It is very favorable It is favorable to It is unfavorable to It is very Don't know to local local communities local communities unfavorable to local communities communities
The above-stated findings are almost in proportion to surveyed households’ answers about their attitude towards the opportunity of construction of Gizildash Cement Plant in Garadagh district. More than 43% of them feel “positive” and “very positive” about construction of the new plant (see Figure 3.12.8). As in the previous question, more than a third of respondents (36.1%) are inclined to feel “negative” and “very negative” about the Project.
Figure 3.12.8. Respondents’ attitude towards the likelihood of construction of Gizildash Cement Plant
5,8% 7,8% Very positive Positive
Indifferent 30,3% 35,5% Negative
Strongly against
20,8%
However, despite the fact that quite a significant number of people feel positive about construction of the proposed new plant, the majority of surveyed households have concerns about construction and future operation of the cement plant (see Figure 3.12.9). As it is seen from the Figure below, the overwhelming majority of households are concerned about cement plant’s impact on environmental condition. Among other expected problems named by respondents, there are industrial wastes, negative
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) impact of plant’s operation on people’s health, noise due to plant’s operation. A certain concern was also expressed about the possibility of people’s resettlement because of construction works.
Figure 3.12.9. Main concerns about construction and future operation of Gizildash Cement Plant (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
Environmental pollution 87,9%
Industrial wastes 9,5%
Deterioration of health of 9,2% local population
Noise 1,1%
Population resettlement 1,1%
Don’t have any concerns 31,8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Perceived social impact of the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant on living condition in the surveyed settlements has been assessed on the basis of dimensions of changes expected by the population as it will affect community infrastructure, employment, environment, economic development and social services. Perception statements were developed for each potentially affected feature of living condition indicating whether they would be affected “positively” or “negatively” or would not be affected at all as a result of construction and operation of Gilizdash Cement Plant (see Table 3.12.1). Table 3.12.1. Perceived social impact of construction and operation of Gizildash Cement Plant
Positive Negative No impact Don’t know Infrastructure/facilities 56.5% 8.5% 11.8% 23.3% Environment 5.8% 69% 9.8% 15.5% Employment 73.8% 4.8% 5.8% 15.8% Business development 36.8% 5.8% 21% 36.5% Government capacity 29.5% 5.3% 23% 42.3% Community groups 29.5% 6.8% 21.3% 42.5% Education 22% 5.3% 24.3% 48.5% Health 21.3% 10.3% 21.3% 47.3% Social/cultural life 19% 6% 21.8% 53.3%
The Table 3.12.1 shows that some of the social indicators are perceived to have positive impact due to construction and operation of Gizildash Cement Plant while some others are expected to be affected negatively. More than a half of surveyed households expect that operation of the new cement plant will lead to positive change in infrastructural development of the communities. The rate of unemployment is also expected to drastically reduce since the company is expected to employ residents of the areas when
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) the construction and further operation of cement plant will commence. Also, a certain part of people expect to derive benefit from entrepreneurship as they think that operation of the new plant will lead to development of small private businesses in the area (stores, snack bars, cafés and other facilities of services sector).
From the statements of FGD participants: “We hope that it will help to solve infrastructure problems, employment of residents in our settlement”.
“We hope that new many-storeyed apartment buildings will be constructed by the cement plant and providing their employees with accommodation”.
“I heard that this plant will be constructed in Gizildash settlement of Garadagh district, not here. In general, I am not against. I hope it will help solve problems of our settlement and unemployment problem”.
“Construction of the plant does not depend on our consent. I want them not to forget about local residents and provide them with job”.
“Though environmental impact may be significant, we hope that people in our settlement will be employed there”.
“Opening of a new plant in the nearest area may improve our living condition”.
“Of course, it will positively impact on community. They can repair roads in the settlement as it was in Sangachal after the opening of the Terminal”.
Negative expectations towards the new cement plant, as previously, are attributed mainly to the problems of environmental pollution.
From the statements of FGD participants: “I think that its smoke will come to us. Now we are breathing with the poison of the Terminal and wastes of the cement plant will be added”.
“I am strongly against construction of “Gizildash Cement” Plant in this area”.
“Positive impact is probable, but it is not good from the point of environment. It depends on the location of the cement plant and used technology.
In the whole, the study results have showed that a greater part of surveyed households believe that a new cement plant will be both of benefit and harmful to their communities (see Figure 3.12.10).
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Figure 3.12.10. Respondents’ opinion about the general impact of Gizildash Cement Plant on their communities
50% 45,5% 45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20% 18,3% 15,0% 15% 13,5%
10% 7,8%
5%
0% The cement plant will The cement plant will The cement plant will The cement plant will The cement plant will be lots of benefit to the be somewhat of benefit be both of benefit and rather be harmful to be extremely harmful community to the community harmful to the the community to the community community
More than a half of surveyed households (65.8%) have expressed their interest in getting information on the construction and future operation of Gizildash Cement Plant. As expected, the people were interested in the information about job opportunities most of all (see Figure 3.12.11). Among the most preferred means of learning about Gizildash Cement Plant operations and community relations, the greater part of surveyed households pointed out public meetings with host communities’ members (see Figure 3.12.12).
Figure 3.12.11. Information about construction and operation of Gizildash Cement Plant that households would like to receive (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
Employment opportunities 65,4%
Health, Safety and Environmental management 25,5%
Social investment 7,2%
Operational planning 2,3%
Business opportunities 0,8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
Figure 3.12.12. Preferred means of learning about Gizildash Cement Plant operations and community relations (a question made provisions for several options of answers)
From public meetings of plant’s officers with 43,5% community members
From television 34,0%
From plant’s operations staff / special department on 23,3% community relations
From leaflets and booklets issued by cement plant 17,8%
From newspapers 2,5%
From radio 1,3%
Not interested in it 18,8%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
From the statements of FGD participants: “The cultural centre of the settlement may be used for this purpose. This building was also used by BP Company as information centre. People came here, registered, applied and get some information”.
“Representatives of the company that will construct the cement plant should come here, meet with people, give needed information”.
“People don’t read newspapers. It will be better to write announcement in public places in the settlement. People can read these announcements and get information”.
“Organization of meetings like this is the best way to get information”.
“Face-to-face conversation is the best way of communication”.
“Our people can’t go anywhere to get information. Representatives of the company constructing a plant should come here and meet with us”.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) 4. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION
4.1. Approach and Methodology
The concept of this Social Impact Assessment envisaged giving much attention to the public consultation process of different stakeholder groups, such as affected communities, local governmental authorities, non-governmental and other local institutions and other interested or possibly affected parties. In this context, the Study Team has conducted community consultations in the target communities of Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh, using the method of focus group discussion with community members.
The objectives of the community consultations were: 1. To identify potential negative and positive impacts of the Project at the level of community groups as well as the associated appropriate remedial measures that could be found through participation of the community members. 2. To take into account the opinion of the communities that may be affected by the Project so that their views and proposals could be considered in development of mitigation and benefit enhancement measures. 3. To increase public awareness and understanding of the Project and promote its acceptance.
The Study Team conducted three Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with community members in Sangachal, Umid and Jeyildagh settlements. Total number of all FGD participants was 53, of which: 23 persons in Sangachal, 16 in Jeyildagh, and 14 in Umid. There were 39 men and 14 women who participated in focus group discussions. Age categories were presented from 19 to 81. The focus groups enabled community members to discuss socio-economic conditions within their communities; identify priority socio-economic needs; and express their attitude and expectations both for (i) the construction of the proposed Qizildash Cement Plant and for (ii) the Plant’s further role and influence on the life of its host communities. They also served to validate household survey data and generate discussion around issues of critical community concern. The structure of community focus groups was designed in a way to provide a broad representation of the target communities, based on criteria such as gender; age; economic status; social status; and vulnerability (including IDP population). The participants for each focus group were identified during the Study Team’s preliminary visits to the survey areas. The SIA’s communications strategy invited people to participate in the focus group discussions. The Study Team consulted with local community representatives to identify 8-12 participants for each focus group on the basis of above mentioned criteria. Each focus group was conducted in its own community to provide a neutral space to the participants in which to discuss local conditions and development needs. Each focus group was conducted by an independent moderator. The moderator’s main purpose was to outline the SIA’s scope and purpose and the discussion format; to introduce the agreed topics for discussions, and to prompt responses where necessary; to ensure the discussion remains within the study’s areas of interest; and to ensure that all participants had the opportunity to freely express their views. When each topic was introduced, each participant had 2-3 minutes to describe his/her point of view. After this, the moderator led a group discussion of the various perspectives, and established the level of consensus or division within the group. General concept of community consultation stipulated a discussion of four main issues which were: 1. Assessment of socio-economic conditions in the communities (main socio-economic concerns; income; employment; quality of services and infrastructure, etc.; changes in living standards over the recent years; improvements and deteriorations). 236
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) 2. Communities’ needs and priorities (of all the concerns identified which are the really important ones? how can the problems be solved in the near future? would improving these make life in the communities significantly better?). 3. Identification of the ways of problem solving (what can community members do to help improve life in the settlement? what agencies are most reliable to solve problems in the communities?). 4. Industrial operation and community relations (how has life in the communities changed since industry began operating in the district? what is community members’ personal attitude to the construction of Gizildash Cement Plant? what are the main concerns about cement plant operations in the area? how can the new cement plant contribute to development of communities’ life?). The minutes of the focus group discussions given below have been developed on the basis of audio- records of conducted FGDs.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
4.2. Focus Group Discussions with Community Members
4.2.1. Brief Verbatim Report of Discussion in Sangachal Settlement
Date: October 30, 2009 Time: 12.00 PM – 14.00 PM Meeting place: House of Culture Moderator: Ogtay Bagirov Assistant of moderator: Abdul Aliyev Participants: ## Name Gender Age Occupation 1 Salayev Ramiz Sultan male 58 Unemployed 2 Tagiyev Mirtagi Jalil male 71 Pensioner 3 Aliyev Xanverdi Sayaddin male 55 Accountant 4 Imamverdiye Agibet Mamedkhan male 51 Unemployed 5 Bayramov Isakhan Gambar male 80 Pensioner 6 Muradov Agaselim Hajimurad male 70 Pensioner 7 Kasimov Teymur Anatoliy male 23 Worker 8 Sahibov Shahin Shameddin male 25 Employee of Housing and Communal Services (MKIS) 9 Mamedov Asif Yarahmed male 19 Unemployed 10 Gadimova Minakhanim Aliguli female 63 Unemployed 11 Dashdiyev Shamil Aligardash male 27 Unemployed 12 Allahverdiyev Alimkhan male 55 Director of House of Culture Zalimkhan 13 Mehraliyeva Mansura Ismayil female 32 Methodist 14 Zamanov Khankishi Mahammed male 42 Unemployed 15 Bashirov Vagif Baba male 44 Unemployed 16 Zarbaliyev Emin Mehdi male 29 Unemployed 17 Khalafov Shamil Seyidbala male 35 Unemployed 18 Gulahmadov Mirahmad Mirza male 67 Pensioner 19 Talibov Sayeddin Azad male 22 Unemployed 20 Imamverdiyev Sarkhan Agibet male 24 Unemployed 21 Hajiyev Amil Khanpasha male 19 Unemployed 22 Demirov Farhad Fezail male 19 Unemployed 23 Alekperova Melahet Rejep female 55 Unemployed
MODERATOR: Hello. My name is Oktay Bagirov. I am an employee of SULACO Company. We have been commissioned by NORM LLC. Company to conduct a Social Impact Assessment Study. NORM LLC. Company will launch the construction of a new Gizildash Cement Plant in the area close to Sangachal Terminal. The new cement plant will be operating by the newest European technology of cement production based on environmental safety. In addition to discussions with community groups, we
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) will be conducting interviews with government, business and community representatives and a survey of local residents on the issues related to community social development and needs. During our discussions today, we will be talking about socio-economic conditions in your settlement; trying to identify your main needs and priorities; and looking at the possible impact of future Gizildash Cement Plant operation on your community. We propose the following procedure for our discussion: I will suggest a series of topics and I would like to hear your views on those topics. Please express your views as freely and fully as you wish. There are no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ answers – we are simply asking for your points of view. We will ensure during the discussions that: • Everybody has the opportunity to speak. • Everybody’s views will be treated with equal consideration and respect. Our discussion will be recorded for further analysis. All information collected during the survey is absolutely confidential and will be used only for project purposes. So, the following issues to be discussed today are: 1. Social and economic conditions 2. Main needs 3. Solution of problems 4. Industrial activity
MODERATOR: How do you assess the current social and economic situation in Sangachal settlement? Answer: Khanverdi – Problems of the settlement have been existed since the period of USSR. Some problems have been solved by NGOs. But they have caused new problems. For example, internal roads of the settlement were destroyed when sewerage system of the settlement was reconstructed. We raised transportation problem of the settlement but this problem has not been solved until now. They say that employment problem in Garadagh district will be solved. However, so far the main problem in Sangahcal settlement is unemployment. At the opening of each industrial enterprise, they promise to give a job to our residents, but they forget this promise soon and invite workers from other places.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Ramiz – All young men in the settlement are unemployed. Workers from different places from Alat to Baku are employed at the terminal but only 5-10 persons from our settlement work there. For example, employees of Azinko, which is very close to our settlement, come from Alat, Gobustan and Baku. Only 5-10 men from Sangachal work there. Answer: Mirtagi – A company that wins tender invites its own personnel (relatives) to work there and our residents cannot get a job. I think that local residents should be employed at new enterprises first of all. Even as workers. MODERATOR: Can you tell which groups of people live better, which not? Answer: Mirtagi - Employed persons live well. Generally, young men in the settlement are unemployed. Some of middle-aged members also do not work. Answer: Imamverdi – The main problem is unemployment of young people. The second problem is related to construction of a new plant. We know that it always winds from north here. So smoke from the plant will come to our settlement. Poison from the terminal also comes to us. MODERATOR: What other problems can you tell about? Answer: Alimkhan – Our friends have made detailed speeches. I can tell that there is no place for youth and children in our settlement to spend their time and enjoy. I ask to take it into consideration in the future. Answer: Isimkhan – If a new plant will help residents of Sangachal settlement it will be good. I told about transportation problem of the settlement when representatives of Baku Executive Power had come here. People have to wait for hours if they want to go somewhere. Deputy Chairman of Baku Executive Power promised to give a vehicle the next day after his visit. But there is no vehicle till now.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Mirahmed – We told about everything. I agree with the construction of a new plant here. I only want to ask you to give jobs to young residents of our settlement. MODERATOR: What is the reason for unemployment of young men in this settlement? Do they have any profession or know any languages? What can you tell about it? Answer: Agibet – There is no reason. Simply a guy from Salyan is a director and he employs only men from Salyan. Doesn’t matter they are specialists or not, or whether they know language or not. Answer: Khanverdi – There are welders, drivers, crane-operators among local residents. There are also young people among them. But leader of enterprise employs only his own personnel. I worked as 6th grade crane-operator in Siberia for 9 years. But here I could work only as a worker. Answer: Sarkhan – I have driving certificate and certificates of welder and moulder. I have applied for a job everywhere. But they want 500 manat for a job in Sangachal terminal. Where can I take this money? I applied to Azfen Compnay too. They also wanted money. I am not married and want to get marry. But I need a job. I should work and earn money for my family. There are a lot of young men like me in our settlement. Answer: Vagif – There a lot of problems. None of the companies in the territory provides its employees with accommodation. Where should these workers live? Answer: Khanverdi – Nearly 6 thousand residents live in our settlement. 4 thousand of them are registered. There is only one school that was built in 1941 as a military hospital. There are 1100 pupils in the settlement. They study in 2 or 3 shifts. There is no enough space for children. We will be very glad if you build a new school here.
Answer: Minakhanim – One of the main problems here is lack of the railway platform. It is very difficult to get on trains, especially for old people, children and women. This station is situated in the middle of Sangachal settlement. People cross railways and children go under coaches. It will be better to construct a bridge here. MODERATOR: What can you tell about health problems? Answer: Minakhanim – There is a small outpatient clinic here. Only one doctor works there and he is absent most of time. We suffer from water problems in summer. Water lines are old. Many people come
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) here and talk with us about our problems. But it is only words. Personally, I do not believe anybody. I think that this discussion also will not give any results. MODERATOR: Was there any progress or regress during the last 5 years? Answer: Emin – There is progress. Answer: Sayaddin – Nothing has become better. There is no transport, roads are in a very bad condition. You will not be able to walk here after rain. Umid settlement is much smaller than our settlement but they have a bus#5. Answer: Shamil – I am 35, married and have two children. My father is pensioner and he helps us with money. MODERATOR: Has the situation changed during the last 5 years? Answer: Vagif – We want to work. We can do any job. We planted vegetables in our gardens and did not pay for tomatoes, potatoes, cucumber, etc. But after opening of the terminal, nothing grows here. It will be worse after construction of the cement plant. We can find a job. But we should also think about the environment. MODERATOR: What are the specific diseases in Sangachal settlement? Answer: Isifkhan – Main diseases among residents are high blood pressure, hepatitis, diabetes, pneumonia, etc. All of these diseases are related to the new enterprises opened in the territory. Answer: Sayeddin – I cannot tell that all these diseases are caused by the enterprises in this territory. Yes, it is impossible to get out in the morning and at night in summer. It is hard to breathe because of smoke and poison of Sangachal Terminal. Answer: Minakhanim – They discharge wastewater of the terminal several times a week. It smells terrible. We cannot breathe because of this smell. MODERATOR: How can community members participate in improvement of living conditions in the settlement? Answer: Khanverdi – Our community has done a lot with the financial support of Sangachal Terminal. For example, a new sewerage system has been constructed with the financial support of the terminal and
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) labour force of community members. It is clear that financial condition of residents is not very good and they cannot participate in financing of projects. They only can provide labor force. MODERATOR: Have you got any support from out of your district? If yes, who helped you and how? Answer: Mirtagi – This community has been created in Sangachal with the support of World Vision organization. Main objective of the community is to solve some social problems with the financial support. At first community’s share was 15%, then 20-30% and currently it is 45%. Answer: Ramiz – Roofs of five-storeyed buildings have been reconstructed, sewerage problem has been solved with the financial aid of BP and 15% support of the community. Problem with sewerage system have been solved. Community share was paid by local municipality and executive power. A bus stop was constructed with the support of the community but representatives of department of roads has destroyed that bus stop. Answer: Shamil – Some project have been implemented. For example: kindergarten has been built. But they should understand this people. Environmental problem is the main problem. After solution of sewerage problem, some problems were solved automatically: lakes in territory of military camp were dried, etc. All these measures were financed by BP Company. AZINCO did nothing for the settlement. They destroyed our sewerage system. MODERATOR: Which organizations else did help you? Answer: Khankishi - Organization Save the Children, World Vision, BP Company. Answer: Agibet - The BP company spent million dollars for sewerage system, repaired buildings, constructed water line, gave scholarship to students, opened courses with teachers in different branches. I hope that after construction of the cement plant you will repair our roads. Answer: Sarkhan – Construction of bridge across the railway is important. Answer: Alimkhan – There is no a hall in cultural centre. Children go to Sahil settlement or to the centre for music lessons as there is no transport to our settlement. The teachers can come here if there is a bus to our settlement. Cultural centre should be enlarged and repaired for this purpose. Answer: Sayaddin – Most of young boys from our settlement go in for sport. There is a Champion of Europe among them. But there is no a sport hall here for them. Either hall may be constructed in cultural centre, or a new sport complex may be built. Children from the settlement can spend their free time there. MODERATOR: Do you know about construction of Gizildash Cement Plant near the Sangachal terminal? What do you think about it? Answer: Sayaddin - No, we don’t know. But I think that its smoke will come to us. Now we are breathing with poison of the terminal and smoke of the cement plant will be added. Answer: Vagif – Before construction of the terminal they promised to pay compensations to everybody. But they didn’t pay any compensation. Now you are promising, but will do nothing.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Minakhanim – I am strongly against construction of Gizildash Cement Plant in this area. . Answer: Khankishi – It would be better to build Gizildash Cement Plant in the area of Gizildash settlement. But I think it is good for employment of residents. MODERATOR: How do you think, the activity of the cement plant will impact on your community? Answer: Mirtagi – We know nothing about your general plan. But we hope that it will help our settlement to solve infrastructure problems, employment of residents, more than 1 or 2 persons will work there. Answer: Agaselim – Operation life of the houses where we live in military camp is expired. We hope that the cement plant will construct new many-storeyed buildings, and its employees will be provided with accommodation. Answer: Farhad – I agree if it helps us. I mean employment and improvement of infrastructure of the settlement. Answer: Mirahmed – Maybe cement will be cheaper if number of cement plants increases. MODERATOR: So it means that surrounding industrial enterprises cause problems to your settlement? Answer: Khankishi – Yes. When we heard about construction of new industrial enterprises, we thought that they would solve problem of our employment. However, regardless of number of these enterprises we are still unemployed. It does not matter how much oil our government sells in international market, we are still hungry. MODERATOR: Would you like to get information about construction and future operation of the cement plant? Which communication forms do you prefer for getting information? Answer: Answer: Alimkhan – This cultural centre should be used for this purpose. BP Company used this building as information centre too. People came here, registered, applied and get some information. Answer: Vagif – Representatives of that organization should come here, meet with people, give needed information. Answer: Amil – People do not read newspapers. It will be better to write announcement in common places of the settlement. People can read these announcements and get information. MODERATOR: Thank you for participation in focus group discussion today! Good-bye!
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA)
4.2.2. Brief Verbatim Report of Discussion in Umid Settlement
Date: October 27, 2009 Time: 11.40 AM – 13.30 PM Meeting place: Community Center Moderator: Ogtay Bagirov Assistant of moderator: Abdul Aliyev Participants:
## Name Gender Age Occupation 1 Gadimov Shunasib Yusif male 48 Unemployed 2 Guliyeva Kifayet Latif female 46 Chief consultant 3 Aliyev Gadir Ibrahim male 36 Unemployed 4 Najafov Joshgun Kemal male 30 Chairman of “Rifah” community 5 Jabiyev Tapdig Kamil male 31 Unemployed 6 Hasanova Tahira Israil female 53 Medical worker 7 Sahsuvarova Gemer Isif female 21 Unemployed 8 Hasanov Veli Selim male 69 Pensioner 9 Mammadov Telman Murguz male 54 Unemployed 10 Abdullayeva Konul Tofiq female 39 Chairman of “Umid” social unity 11 Baxshiyeva Zulfiyya Yolchali female 43 Unemployed 12 Babayeva Hagigat Abdulaziz female 44 Unemployed 13 Yusifov Fikret Fetish male 44 Unemployed 14 Yusifova Gulshen Shura female 41 Unemployed
MODERATOR: How do you assess the current social and economic situation in Umid settlement? Answer: Joshgun – Social and economic situation in the community is not good. Most of the residents are unemployed as there are no plants or factories in this territory. 50% of residents have been employed for construction works of the Sangachal Terminal a year ago. But construction works have been completed and today only specialists are working there. Everybody in our community is jobless as there are no specialists in this sphere. Answer: Shunasib – Unemployment. People need vacancies to work. Answer: Konul – There are not so many jobless persons in our settlement. Some of the residents work in Deep Foundations Plant, Garadagh Cement Plant and other places. Answer: Gulshen – The settlement needs special attention as most of its residents are IDPs. 70% of settlement residents are unemployed.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Fikret – I have been unemployed for 7 months too. I used to work as a per day worker in Baku, but now I can’t find a job because of economic crisis. Answer: Tehman – We live so-so. They have come and conducted interviews when the Terminal was under construction and said that 90% of settlement residents would work there. But today it is a great problem to be employed in the Terminal. You should to pay to be employed in the Terminal or somebody should ask for you. MODERATOR: What can you tell about condition of infrastructure? Answer: Tehman – We know that there is an economic crisis everywhere. It is impossible to repair the road. Even if we address the officials, they will do nothing saying that there is a crisis. I feel sorry for young man. They work for 5 manat per day as workmen. It is like in feudalism period. MODERATOR: Can you tell which groups of people live better, which not? Answer: Veli – I can only tell that construction of cement plant will cause problems for us, as well as it was with the Terminal. We can’t leave house even at three o’clock at night, we can’t breathe because of smoke. Besides, it I think that they will invite workers from other places as it was during construction of the Terminal. Local people will not be employed. Answer: Zulfiyya - Many representatives have come here since that time. We asked them to repair the road, because it is impossible to walk on the road when it is raining in winter, children can’t go to school. Today the condition is the same. Children cannot go to school in rainy weather. I have participated in one of these meetings when the Terminal was under construction. I have two small children and I am widowed and have a disability of the second group. I said that this Terminal was not good for our health and that they had to pay compensation us, provide us with diary products. They promised to help old and sick residents and pay compensation. But nothing have been done so far. I was treated for tuberculosis during a year after the opening of the Terminal. Answer: Hagigat – In the beginning the residents from our settlement worked at the Terminal. But it doesn’t mean that they have earned much money. But now everybody is jobless. They say that we are not specialists. But during construction of the Terminal our people worked there as welders, machine-
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) operator and in other specialties. Besides, they paid only 200- 300 USD to our residents, but their own personnel was paid more. Answer: Tapdig – Human resource manager of the Terminal, Arif wants 300 USD for employing people there. Poor men owe this money to get a job. After working several months they are discharged. And as a result people can’t even pay back the dept. MODERATOR: Has there been any progress or regress during the last 5 years? Answer: Kifayet – It has become worse in everything. Answer: Kadir - Generally everything has become worse: economic situation, employment and roads. Answer: Joshgun – As a local resident I can say that Terminal has done a lot for this settlement. For example, they have constructed sewerage system here. If a new cement plant is constructed here, of course it will be good for us, i.e. will help us with reconstruction of our road and improve infrastructure., There is no kindergarten in the settlement., The cement plant might build it.
Answer: Zulfiyya - Some organizations came here for gathering signatures and promised to do everything for us. But after construction of their plants they forgot about it. Leading persons believe that problems of the settlement are solved. But it is not so. Answer: Konul – All our words are for naught. Because this area has already been bought and signed. We want them to help our settlement and employ our residents. Answer : Shunasib – There has been progress in social and economic condition in the settlement during the last 5 years. Answer: Gulshen – is the situation is better for the employed residents, but it is worse for unemployed people. I have a husband but he has not worked since opening the Terminal. IN general the situation in the settlement has become better. But it might be much better if our residents could work at the Terminal. Answer: Kifayet – Social and economic status of the settlement has become better during the last 5 years. For example a new school, wedding hall, new sewerage system have been built. These are positive changes. But we have problems too. The level of humidity in our houses is very high. These houses were built for temporary living. Different diseases are spread. Answer: Veli – One of the main problems is lack of kindergarten and market in the settlement. Answer: Hagigat – School in the settlement is small and there is no medical station.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) MODERATOR: What should be done to solve the problems in the settlement? And who should do that? Answer: Zulfiyya – These problems should be solved by the local Executive Power. The Government should care about us. But when we apply to EXCom he says that there is no money for it. Answer: Kadir – The Government and municipality should solve these problems. MODERATOR: How can the community members participate in improvement of living conditions in the settlement? Answer: Zulfiyya – These houses and school are built by Norwegian refugees Committee. Answer: Kifayet– It is our fault. We shouldn’t have moved to these houses as soon as they had been built. The houses needed installation of water, gas and all other infrastructure. Community paid 15% of of all cost for construction of these houses. Answer: Joshgun – Some organizations offer us to solve our problems. But community has to contribute 10% to cover costs of labour force, and then a project will be implemented. When the Norwegian Refugees’ Committee members had signed contracts with the residents for payment 10% of costs and people had paid, they sent another organization to build these houses. But contract with Norwegian organization was completed and they left. Answer: Veli – I am an old man and I can’t work. But I want to ask leaders of cement plant to employ residents of Sangachal and Umid settlements. MODERATOR: Have you got any aid from outside of your settlement? If yes, who helped you and how? Answer: Zulfiyya - All other IDPs living in different regions of Azerbaijan get different kinds of aid. But nobody helps 900 IDPs living in Umid settlement. Some people suffer from hunger. They are really dying. MODERATOR: Who can help you to solve these problems? Answer: Zulfiyya – The Government, of course. Government should provide people with job. Answer: Kifayet – First of all the God saves human, second - if a man works he can earn money for his family. I want to know how can you help this people after opening the cement plant? Answer: Gulshen - No organization has helped us so far. Answer: Joshgun– No, they helped us. Last year they provided schoolchildren with bags, books and copybooks.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Zulfiyya – Government always gives books and bags. But last year when I had been treated at hospital, I asked Aygun and Mamed from the Terminal to help me and my children. They didn’t help us and didn’t give even 50 manat. MODERATOR: How can industrial enterprises, opened in this area, influence the community? Answer: Gamar – You may see a real situation at 12 am. We can’t breathe. It is terrible. But there may be positive impacts too. For example, the industrial plants have built wedding hall, repaired the school, and installed sewerage system. Answer: Joshgun – There was no sewerage system in the settlement. The Sangachal Terminal has built sewerage system, a new school, repaired internal roads and built a wedding hall. Then the organization Save the Children has installed water line for the settlement with financial support of Sangachal Terminal. Small project have been also carried out (ex: computer courses for children have been opened). Answer: Konul – This building, where we are sitting now, was built with financial support of the Terminal. Our “Umid” community have signed a contract with the Terminal to make gloves and uniform for them. Our women worked at home. Answer: Zulfiyya - But these works don’t help us. I pay all my money for treatment. I don’t need such money. MODERATOR: Do you know about construction of Gizildash Cement Plant near the Sangachal Terminal? What do you think about it? Answer: Fikret – No, we don’t know. I used to live in Sahil settlement. It is near Garadagh Cement Plant. 6000 persons live there and the smoke of the plant comes to the settlement.. If in Gizildash Cement Plant there will be used high technologies I think that there will be no negative impact. It depends on the project. Answer: Joshgun– I knew that the plant might be constructed in Gizildash settlement of Garadagh district, not here. In general I am not against. I hope it will help to solve problems of the settlement and unemployment problem. Answer: Konul– I agree with Joshgun. We will be very glad if new work places are opened for residents of our settlement. Answer: Hagigat – In general it is a positive case that this industrial enterprise will be opened here. The main issue is a good location of this settlement. I hope that our residents will work at the cement plant as they have worked at the Terminal. Answer: Veli – Construction of the plant doesn’t depend on our agreement. I want them not to forget about the people and provide them with job. MODERATOR: Would you like go get information about construction and future operation of this cement plant? Which communication forms do you prefer for getting information?
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Tapdig – Organization of meetings like this is the best way to get information. Answer: Konul – Representatives of the Terminal come the office of “Umid” community three times a week. Everybody may come and get needed information. I think that it is the best way and your representative also should come and meet with our people too. Answer: Fikret– I think you should prepare announcement papers. Answer: Zulfiyya - Face-to-face conversation is the best way of communication. MODERATOR: Thank you for participation in focus group discussion today! Good-bye!
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4.2.3. Brief Verbatim Report of Discussion in Jeyildagh Settlement
Date: October 29, 2009 Time: 11.40 PM – 13.40 PM Meeting place: Garadagh ExCom Representative’s Office Moderator: Ogtay Bagirov Assistant of moderator: Abdul Aliyev Participants: ## Name Gender Age Occupation 1 Agayev Azer Aliaga male 23 Gas department 2 Umidov Rasim Huseyin male 40 Unemployed 3 Hajiyev Hajigara Nurbala male 52 Unemployed 4 Muradov Mirzasharif Mirzajan male 30 Employee of Housing and Communal Services (MKIS) 5 Sarmasov Sarmas Mustafa male 57 Teacher 6 Jabrayilov Sahil Chelebi male 21 Unemployed 7 Poladov Farhad Fatali male 81 Pensioner 8 Mirzaliyev Khanoglan Medet male 56 Unemployed 9 Tagiyev Hasan Mirhasan male 21 Unemployed 10 Agayev Tural Tofiq male 23 Gas department 11 Mirzaliyev Taleh Lhanoglan male 28 SOCAR, security 12 Babayev Arif Adishirin male 37 Nurse 13 Gayibova Gulbadam Agagayib female 50 Cleaner 14 Javadova Kamala Arif female 28 Organiser in cultural centre 15 Ganiyeva Sevda Hasan female 44 Director of library 16 Gadiroma Amina Fala female 56 Accountant
MODERATOR: How do you assess the current social and economic situation in Sangachal settlement? Answer: Sermas – First of all our social condition is very hard. The road 25 km in length from Sangachal to Jeyildagh is in a very bad condition. The second problem is unemployment of young residents. The mine in the territory of the settlement is going to be closed. Sewerage system of the settlement is also bad, it is nearly destroyed. It works in some places, but in some places doesn’t work. Answer: Sahil – I agree with the teacher’s opinion. I came back from the military and now I am jobless. I have temporary jobs now and then. Bad condition of roads also limits our chances to find a job out of the settlement. There are a lot of jobless guys in our settlement like me. Answer: Farhad – Sewerage system in our territory is very bad and it causes different diseases. We suffer from mosquitoes in summer. You see the condition of the road. We have water, electricity and gas. There is no problem with them.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Khanoglan – The main problems are road and unemployment. There is only one bus at 7 am to Sangachal and at 6 pm it comes back. But it is very old. After 6 pm there is no transport. It is a big problem to take a sick person to the doctor. We used to have a polyclinic here. But now it is closed.
Answer: Hajigara – There is a doctor here, doctor Aziz, who helps people as much as he can. But his working hours are just 6 hours a month. It is not enough and his salary is low. The settlement has a new ambulance. But what can you do with the ambulance if there is no a doctor? Answer: Hasan – I want to talk about young people. We came back having served in the military, but none of us works. Bad condition of the road does not allow us to find a job outside of the settlement. We can’t come back at the evening when go somewhere for work. There is no a place for young people to spend their time in the settlement. Answer: Sarmas – Situation with the school is worse. It is an old building and has nearly destroyed. Half of the teachers working in the school come from Baku. They can’t get work on time because of transportation problems. Vehicle of “Garadahg Oil” Company, which brings workers, also brings teachers to our settlement. It makes negative impact to the quality of education. Moreover, it is a nine-grade school. Children can’t continue studying after 9th grade because of transport and roads problems. Answer: Azer – I am not satisfied with the quality of education in our settlement. Children in the settlement want to continue their education. But they can’t do it because of destroyed roads, poor transportation. I had been going to Sangachal school during two years. I used to leave home in the early morning and come back by the evening. But I could graduate high school. Our school is a school for workers. They teach us writing and nothing else. Young people have a lot of problems. They have no places for sport, recreation. They spend their time on the street under the tree. And often this way of spending leisure-time may end up in something bad. Answer: Khanoghlan – Bus goes at 7 am and comes back at 5pm. Children can’t stay in Sangachal and so can’t continue studying. Answer: Tural – They (the officials) have listed all our problems. In modern century we know nothing about computers. There is no internet here. But a new telephone line works well in settlement. MODERATOR: Can you tell which groups of people live better, which not in your settlement?
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Rasim – There is no rich people here. Everybody live at the same level. Only 2-3% of women in the settlement work. 60% of men are unemployed and most of them are young people. MODERATOR: What is the main business of residents in your settlement? Ex: do they grow any vegetables or keep cattle, etc? Answer: Hajigara – We have no conditions for this. There is no pasture for cattle breading, no land for agriculture, and no water for planting in our yards. All lands surrounding the settlement are in property of Absheron district and they are leased by entrepreneurs from other districts for cattle breading. Everyday you may see conflict between local residents and herdsmen. Answer: Mirzasherif – There are a lot of jobless people here. Internal roads and roads in the settlement are bad. It is impossible to walk in rainy weather because of mud. You can go somewhere if you reach a bus at 7 am and the same situation occurs for coming back. If you can’t reach a bus in the evening you should stay in Sangachal for night. It is impossible to walk 25 km to the settlement. There are a lot of dogs and wolves on the way. Nobody cares about our problems. Answer: Sarmas – 184 families live in the settlement and 52 of them have cars. They help each other on weddings and funerals. People can’t help each other financially because their economic situation is the same. Transportation problem rises from unemployment. As the bus is in private property, driver can’t earn enough money. Bus will work better if people will work and go to the central Baku or other settlements everyday. Answer: Taleh – First problem is road and the second is transport. We go everywhere by walking. Answer: Gulbadam – I have two sons and both of them are jobless. My son’s hand has been injured but I still can’t take him to the doctor. I don’t know what to do. There is no a doctor and I can’t get medicine. Answer: Khanoglan – There are several small shops in the settlement, but they don’t have enough range of products. We have to leave the settlement to buy needed goods. But it is not always possible. There is no pharmacy in the settlement. Answer: Amina – The main problem is road. All young people are able to work but they are jobless. With good transport and road they might go to other settlements to work. MODERATOR: Has there been any progress or regress during the last 5 years in Sangachal district?
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Mirzasharif – It was good at the beginning. Oil prices were high and people lived well. But it is very difficult now. It is going to be worse. Unemployment increased, social aids are stopped. Of course it is a result of the current economic situation and territorial conflict. Answer: Khanoglan - Of course, it is getting worse. Answer: Hajigara – Yes, it is getting worse. MODERATOR: What should be done for solution of these problems? Answer: Hajigara – The territory is big. They could open brick plant, new industrial enterprises here. This area is suitable for it. Our lands are rich. A glass plant may be opened here. Mines are near to our settlement and men from our settlement could work there if they would be provided with transport. Answer: Sarmas - All women in the settlement can make carpets. MODERATOR: Do women of the settlement make carpet now? Answer: Sarmas– No, because they can’t sell their carpets. Selling of carpets with low prices is not profitable. But they could work if the Government would create necessary conditions. MODERATOR: How can community members participate in improvement of living conditions in the settlement? Answer: Hajigara – Settlement residents, especially young people, collected money and worked for reconstruction of the road. It was better for some period. But it became worse after rains. People are able to work together. But they don’t have money to solve the problems. Answer: Azer – You can do nothing without money. People hardly get money for their family. It is difficult for everybody. People could co-operate and repair the road if they had money. Answer: Arif - First of all we need a road. Residents of our settlement are hardworking people. But they have no conditions for that. This condition of the road limits their chances to find a job. MODERATOR: Have you got any aid from outside of your settlement? If yes, who helped you and how? Answer: Arif - Nobody has come here and helped us. Answer: Taleh – Nobody helped us.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Answer: Khanoglan – They promised to employ at least 20-25 people from our settlement to the Terminal when they started construction. But they didn’t fulfil their promise because of absence of road and vehicles. People from all settlements have been employed. Our people have also applied, but couldn’t get a job. Answer: Tural – Terminal has reconstructed a school building in Sangachal settlement, conducted several social projects, but has not done anything for Cheyildagh settlement. MODERATOR: Do you know about construction of “Gizildash” Cement Plant near the Sangachal Terminal? What do you think about it? Answer: Hajigara – We have heard about construction of the cement plant in the area of Gobustan. But we didn’t know that it would be constructed in this area. I think it will be good and some of our problems will be solved. Answer: Taleh – No, we don’t know. Though environmental impact may be significant, we hope that residents of our settlement will be employed there. MODERATOR: How do you think, the cement plant will impact your community? Answer: Khanoglan – Of course, it will positively impact our community too. They can reconstruct roads in our settlement, like it was in Sangachal at the opening of the Terminal. People also were employed. Answer: Farhad – Opening a plant in the nearest area may improve living condition of our people. Answer: Hajigara – Positive impacts also will be, but it is not good from ecological point of view. It depends on distance from the settlement and technology that will be used. We hope everything will be good. MODERATOR: Would you like to get information about construction and future operation of this cement plant? Which communication forms do you prefer for getting information? Answer: Answer: Taleh – Yes, we want to get information. It will be betted to inform us through Executive Power or municipality. Answer: Khanoglan – Our people can’t go anywhere to get information. Representatives of the company constructing a plant should come here and meet with us. We heard about construction of the terminal from people of Sangachal. MODERATOR: Thank you for participation in focus group discussion today! Good-bye!
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) 5. PUBLIC INFORMATION AND STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT
5.1. Public Information and Disclosure of Project Activities
In accordance with Regulations of conducting ESIA, public participation and stakeholders engagement in disclosure of Project activities and discussion of ESIA materials has been carried out by ESIA executors with the assistance of Executive Committee of Garadagh district. For the purpose of public information about Project implementation, the public hearings have been conducted at the initial phase of ESIA. The scope of works and schedule of ESIA activities, key issues to be assessed and applied methodologies have been presented to the stakeholders. The objective of public information was also identification of stakeholders’ opinions and concerns about the Project in order to consider them during development of monitoring and mitigation measures. The first public hearings on the Project and ESIA implementation was conducted November 3, 2009 in Lok-Batan settlement, Garadagh district with the meeting place in secondary school #166. Participants: Name Organization Zemfira Shikhaliyeva Deputy Head of Garadagh Executive Power Aghadadash Hasanov Bank Standard, Sahil branch, Chief Specialist “Mushvig” Public Association of Aid to Disabled Children, Valida Abbasova President of Association Elnur Sharifov Municipality of Umid settlement, Head of municipality Zumrud Rzayeva Labour union of Education Workers, Head of Garadagh Committee Jeyhun Aliyev Executive Power of Garadagh district, representative Azad Narimanov Executive Power of Garadagh district, representative “Rifah”Public Association for Economic Development (Umid Joshgun Najafov settlement), Executive Director Oktay Huseynov “Texnikabank”, Garadagh branch Maksud Heydarov Public Association of Disabled War Veterans and Shahid’ Families Javanshir Najafov “NORM”LLC. Ali Tunjbilek “NORM”LLC. Murad Sadikhov “NORM”LLC. Bagır Alidayatov SRM-MMC Ramiz Rafiyev SRM-MMC Abbas Orujlu SULACO Ltd. Fuad Mirkishiyev SULACO Ltd. Islam Mammadov SULACO Ltd. Yuliya Adilova SULACO Ltd. Oktay Bagirov SULACO Ltd. National Hero of Azerbaijan, Emin Guliyev Charitable Association, Saltanat Guliyeva Head of association Munis Bayramov Executive Power of Garadagh district, Head of division Azer Alashrafov “Garadagh” newspaper, Chief editor Malik Talybov Community of “Umid”, Umid settlements Azad Sujayev Executive Power of Garadagh district, Head of division Ahmad Mehdiyev Municipality of Sangachal settlement, Head of municipality Yusif Aghakishiyev Executive Power of Garadagh district, Head of division Rahila Mammadova Organization of Chernobil Veterans of Garadagh district
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Agenda of the First Public Hearings on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the construction of Gizildash Cement Plant
1. Welcome and Opening 2. Presentation of ESIA Concept 3. Environmental Impact Assessment Main issues: − Policy and Procedures of the Process of EIA in Azerbaijan − Operational Policies and Environmental Requirements of International Donor Organizations for EIA − Organizational Structure of EIA Report: issues and research objects to be considered − Environmental Impact Assessment at the Stages of Project Construction and Operation − Environmental and Monitoring Plan 4. Social Impact Assessment Main issues: − Background of Social Impact Assessment − Goals and Objectives − Approach and Methodology of SIA − Expected Outcomes 5. Exchange of Views, Questions and Answers
The second public hearings will be conducted upon completion of activities on ESIA with the purpose of presentation of assessment results and discussion of further steps on Project implementation. The order for conducting public hearings was defined by ESIA executors in coordination with Garadagh ExCom and with the support of local stakeholders.
5.2. Stakeholder Identification and Engagement Process
As it was mentioned earlier, the concept of Social Impact Assessment envisaged conducting semi- structured interviews with key stakeholders who carry out their activity in the project area. These interviews gathered information on stakeholder roles and capacities in local development needs and priorities, their opportunities and expectations for potential partnerships with the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant operations. They also allowed to get a competent opinion on critical social and operational issues directly from some of the most knowledgeable and influential stakeholders. The interview framework provided a mixture of (i) structured questions, designed to collect specific information on stakeholder’s objectives, resources and activities and (ii) more open-ended questions, designed to encourage stakeholders to discuss local issues, attitudes and expectations for perspective cement plant more broadly.
The objectives of Stakeholders Engagement and Consultation were: ¾ To describe the main stakeholder groups and understand their main concerns, views and interests related to the construction of the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant and its further operation in the project area;
¾ To capture the above-mentioned concerns and interests in the course of the ESIA so that stakeholders’ concerns could be adequately assessed and taken into consideration during the further phases of Project implementation;
¾ To develop participatory dialogue to explore alternative and preferred mitigation measures if necessary;
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) ¾ To establish a formal channel for any interested party of the public to communicate directly with the project implementation Company (“Norm” LLC.) if they wish to;
¾ Provide information in the scope and schedule of the works implemented within the ESIA and further consultation on the findings.
The stakeholders were identified in relation to their activity in the project area and their potential interests. In whole, the key stakeholders included: ¾ Representatives of Executive Committee of Garadagh district; ¾ Municipality officials; ¾ NGOs carrying our activities in the surveyed communities; ¾ Business enterprises.
The Table below contains the information about stakeholders who were interviewed during the SIA study.
Stakeholders’ Organizational Data Classification of Stakeholder Interviewed Primary areas Primary stakeholder organization person of interest beneficiaries organization "Umid" Public Abdullayeva NGO Development of Umid Association Kenul, Head of workmanship; community Association social members (80% development of women) National Hero of Guliyeva NGO Public Orphans, Azerbaijan, Emin Saltanat, Head of administration; disabled persons; Guliyev Charitable Association economic/social veterans Association development; environment; industry; health; education; infrastructure; culture Municipality of Umid Sharifov Elnur, NGO Social Umid settlement Head of development; community Municipality environment; members infrastructure “Mushvig” Public Abbasova NGO Social Disabled Association of Aid to Valida, President development; children and their Disabled Children of Association health; parents education; culture Texnika Bank, Huseynov Ogtay, Business Banking Residents of Garadagh Branch Deputy Leader activities / Garadagh district services Office of Executive Babayev Huseyn, Government Public Umid Power of Garadagh ExCom administration; community District in Umid representative economic/social members (mainly settlement development; IDPs), disabled environment; persons, veterans
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) industry; health; education; infrastructure; culture Office of Executive Mammadov Government Public Residents of Power of Garadagh Ehtigad, ExCom administration; Sangachal District in Sangachal representative economic/social settlement, IDPs, settlement development; disabled persons, environment; veterans industry; health; education; infrastructure; culture Municipality of Mehdiyev NGO Public Residents of Sangachal settlement Ahmad, Head of administration; Sangachal Municipality economic/social settlement development; (mainly IDPs), environment; disabled persons, industry; health; veterans education; infrastructure; culture Office of Executive Javadov Akif, Government Public Residents of Power of Garadagh ExCom administration; Jeyildagh District in Jeyildagh representative economic/social settlement settlement development; (mainly IDPs), environment; school students; health; Republican leper infrastructure clinic “Rifah”Public Najafov Joshgun, NGO Economic/social Umid Association for Executive development; community Economic Director environment; members (mainly Development (Umid infrastructure IDPs), disabled settlement) persons, veterans
5.3. Brief Review of Stakeholder Views
Apart from developing participatory dialogue with local stakeholders and establishing a formal channel between them and project implementation Company, stakeholders’ interview envisaged obtaining independent information about social and economic conditions in the surveyed settlements as well as defining main needs and priorities of communities’ development there.
The study has showed that the opinion of key stakeholders interviewed in the course of SIA virtually reflects the state of affairs that was revealed during households surveys and focus group discussions with the community members. Among three the most urgent needs for community development that require speedy solving there are employment problem, roads repair and transport problem. Below there are priority development needs on the surveyed settlements identified by the stakeholders (this was an open question, i.e. the stakeholders were proposed to point out the most pressing problems independently): ¾ Solving employment problem
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) ¾ Roads repair ¾ Transport problem ¾ Health care ¾ Bridge across the railway in Sangachal settlement ¾ Environmental problems ¾ Education ¾ Kindergarten ¾ Lack of land for construction of private houses ¾ Need for sports and fitness center ¾ Recreation facilities, parks ¾ Markets ¾ Heating problem solving in multistory apartment buildings ¾ Support to the development of workmanship (carpet weaving) in Umid community
All interviewed stakeholders were in favour of construction of Gizildash Cement Plant considering it very positive not only for the surveyed communities, but also for other settlements in Garadagh district. The most positive effect that the new plant may produce is employment problem solving. This was stated by all surveyed stakeholders. The other positive changes were attributed to: ¾ Employment problem solving ¾ Improvement of social infrastructure in the host communities ¾ Contribution to national economy ¾ Improvement of social and economic conditions in the host communities ¾ Implementation of new social projects in the area ¾ Improvement of cement quality in the country ¾ Cement’s price abatement
Besides, some of stakeholders highlighted that the new plant may promote establishment of community centers in the surrounding settlements and support their activity.
Negative impact of the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant, as earlier, is related to environmental pollution and adverse impact on people’s health in the host communities.
Almost all surveyed stakeholders assessed positively the community investment programs implemented by industrial plants in the project area, saying that these programs provided benefits to many people in the district. In this context, the stakeholders pointed out social investment programs that would be most beneficial to implement by Gizildash Cement Plant in the local communities. According to stakeholders’ opinion, these programs should be aimed at (in their significance order): ¾ Education and childcare ¾ Social infrastructure ¾ Health ¾ Environmental programs
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6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1. Conclusions
7. The project area (i.e. the territory of potentially host communities that have been surveyed in the course of SIA) has a population of some 6715 inhabitants. Average household size has been found to be 4.7 persons (according to survey results), which is similar to the figure cited by official statistics from the census. Thus, there are around 1429 households living in would-be host communities of the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant. A majority of population residing in the project area are the locals. Of three surveyed communities, Umid is a settlement that was originally established in 1999 to house 250 IDP families displaced from their homes due to the conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. For those families who have been moved to the project area within the last 10 years, the most frequent reason for moving to the current place of living was seeking for more favorable economic conditions.
8. The majority of families in the surveyed settlements reside in their own houses. Private type of housing prevails in Umid and Jeyildagh communities. Being an urban settlement, Sangachal has a number of apartment buildings. Almost all houses are supplied with continuous piped water, electricity and gas. Of three surveyed settlements, the problem of water supply has been revealed mostly in Jeyildagh. According to the study results, more than a half of households there face difficulties with drinking water supply. The analysis of study findings has shown that the problem of gas supply and power supply is practically absent in the settlements. At the same time, despite the fact that a significant part of families assesses their living conditions as satisfactory, there are a number of pressing problems in the houses, among which are poor condition of walls, floors and roof, as well as dampness. The last is particularly pressing in Umid settlement, especially for IDP’s houses. Among other urgent issues related to households' living conditions is unfavorable condition of sewerage system on Jeyildagh settlement. The operation life of sewerage pipes has expired and waste waters are often flow out to the surface, which causes a hazard of spread of infectious diseases in the settlement.
9. Despite the fact that the major part of surveyed households covers their basic needs in the framework of the cost of living (which in 2009 officially amounts to 75 AZN, while the criterion of need amounts to 60 AZN), a large number of families stated that either their basic needs were not met or they were living at a subsistence level. Almost a third of surveyed households have stated that level of their income only helped make both ends meet. Moreover, the study of dynamics in the changes of the welfare standards over the last three years has revealed a decrease in the level of income of a significant number of families. The main sources of income in the households are regular wages (salary in a government or private enterprise) and social allowances (pension, welfare payment, etc.). Entrepreneurship as well as street trade amounts to a very low percentage among indicated income sources. Correlation analysis between dynamics in changes of household’s welfare and the main sources of income has revealed that decrease in income level is mostly associated with regular salary as a main source of household’s income. Somehow or other it reflects certain decrease in salaries that has occurred at a number of enterprises over the year as a result of global financial downturn. Analyzing financial condition of the households in the project area, it is worth to note that quite a significant part of population in surveyed communities have certain expectations about getting some financial aid from the Project of Gizildash Cement Plant. Some people in the area tend to consider it possible to receive a certain financial support from the future plant as indemnification for probable negative impact on environment in their communities.
10. Some households in the surveyed area have land (mostly homestead land) and livestock (mainly cows and sheep). The agricultural products from the land and livestock are used mainly for
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) household consumption. In a whole, the study has revealed that agricultural activity is not an important source of income for owners of land or livestock in the surveyed communities. At the same time, a number of landowning households have mentioned that they would like to have the agricultural activity as a source of income. A majority of such households pointed out poor quality of soil as the main problem for the people engaged or would like to be engaged in agricultural activities in the surveyed communities. It is also important to note that some people (who used to cultivate their land and grow vegetables) highlighted that after industrial plant had started operation in the area, the environmental conditions made difficult vegetable growing in the communities.
11. There is high unemployment in the surveyed settlements, which is one of the most urgent issues in the project area. Unemployment is particularly spread among youth in the communities. In the course of community consultations, it was reported that lack of vacancies aggravated the situation. Only 33.5% of all able-bodied members in the surveyed households are employed. More than a third of able-bodied members were unemployed. The rest of adult family members are represented by students, retirees and disable persons. It has been emerged from community consultations and households survey that the problem of job placement in the surveyed settlements is getting more and more pressing. Period of unemployment of different unemployed persons lasted from 6 months to 20 years and longer. Despite the fact that there are a number of industrial enterprises in the surrounding of Sangachal and Umid settlements, most locals stated about difficulties with getting a job at those enterprises. People complained that the management of these plants did not employ local residents and prefer to hire workers and specialists from other places (central Baku, other settlements). Quantitative analysis has shown that about 75% of all households’ members are of the age of 18-57. This represents a potential workforce for the proposed cement plant. However, it is obvious, that if the unemployed population of surveyed settlements is considered as a potential workforce for Gizildash Cement Plant, it will require conducting specific training courses for would-be workers among locals. The study has found that most people in the surveyed communities do not consider the opportunity for setting up their own business.
12. Assessment of general state of health in the surveyed communities has showed that the most typical health problems in the area include cardiovascular system diseases, nervous system diseases, gastrointestinal system diseases, endocrine system diseases, rheumatic disorders and respiratory infection. A comparative analysis has revealed an obvious difference in the assessments of general state of health given by the households in three surveyed settlements. An aggregate index of “unsatisfactory” and “poor” assessments of health in Sangachal and Umid is significantly higher than in Jeyildagh settlement. Moreover, the index of increase in the sickness rate in Sangachal and Umid settlements is almost 1.5 times as much as the same figures in Jeyildagh. The majority of households who have stated about deterioration of health in their families in Sangachal and Umid communities over the last years attribute it to the environmental factor. As to the health care in the surveyed communities, the study findings have revealed a number of existing problems. There is still no medical point in Umid settlement. A small outpatient clinic in Sangachal does not cover adequately locals’ needs in medical care. The problem of health care services is also prominent in Jeyildagh settlement, where lack of medical personnel and lack of pharmacy cause serious difficulties to the local residents in getting necessary medical care.
13. Education qualification of households’ members in surveyed communities is presented mainly by general secondary education. The study has revealed serious problems related to education in Jeyildagh settlements. The index of positive assessment of school quality in Sangachal settlement is three times higher than the same value in Umid, and more than seven times higher than that of in Jeyildagh settlement. Moreover, the significant majority of households in Jeyildagh have assessed the quality of their secondary school as “bad”. During the survey, many people in this settlement
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) complained about the existing nine-grade secondary school that considerably limited the chances of their children to get completed secondary education. Many families cannot afford their children to continue secondary education in other settlements due to transport problems and financial difficulties.
14. Analysis of available data about socio-economic conditions in the surveyed communities as well as the results of this study has showed both progress in development of the settlements and existing problems. A number of different activities on rehabilitation and development of infrastructure facilities have been implemented in the surveyed communities within the “Program for acceleration of social and economic development of settlements of Baku city for 2006-2007 years”. However, the comparative analysis of the official data and findings of this study have showed that, despite the implemented rehabilitation works, some problems of infrastructure still exist in the surveyed communities. Among the most urgent issues related to community infrastructure there are roads repair and transport network. These problems are identical and urgent for all three surveyed communities. Apart from this, there are specific matters in each settlement that need their immediate solving, such as: replacement of water supply system and construction of bridge across the railway in Sangachal; building kindergarten and establishment of medical point in Umid; laying sewerage system and solving urgent transportation problem in Jeyildagh. Such a problem as lack of recreational facilities for children and youth is also pronounced in all surveyed communities.
15. The study revealed a high level of public concern over the environmental problems in the project area. A significant majority of people in the surveyed settlement have assessed the environmental conditions in their places of living as “unfavorable” and “very unfavorable”. The comparative analysis of assessments of environmental condition per each settlement shows that the problem is much more pronounced in Sangachal and Umid communities. Moreover, in assessment of the dynamics of environmental changes in the settlements within the last 10 years (a period of intensive development and operating of industrial plants in the surveyed area), an aggregate percentage of households which pointed out the worsening of environmental situation in Umid and Sangachal exceed significantly the same index in Jeyildagh. The overwhelming majority of people see industrial plants operation as the main cause of unfavorable environmental situation in their communities. In this context, a greater number of people believe that the environmental condition will remain the same or even deteriorate within the next years.
16. The study has revealed that public opinion about industrial plants’ operation in the area is quite ambiguous. Giving assessment of changes in living standards in the surveyed settlements over the period of industrial plants’ operation in the area, only 16% of surveyed households pointed out improvements, while 26% stated there were no changes. The majority of those who believe that the living conditions in their settlements have improved have pointed out increasing of employment and improvement in community infrastructure. At the same time, 47% of people have stated about deterioration of living conditions in the communities. The main reason for that is believed to be environmental pollution that negatively affects people’s health in the communities.
This Social Impact Assessment study has helped to build a picture of the local communities, their interests, what the existing local issues are, as well as what the effects and likely negative impacts might be associated with the Project of Gizildash Cement Plant. The SIA also looked at how to strike a balance between the Project providing local socio-economic benefits and minimizing its potential negative impacts.
The Project of Gizildash Cement Plant and associated quarries is expected to create a number of new permanent jobs in the area. The nature of these jobs and social impact will differ depending on the short-
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) tern effects of the workforce required for the construction period and long-term impacts of the further operation.
Construction of Gizildash Cement Plant will take around two years. In total, construction would require around ______people, including quarries. The average monthly workforce over the two years is expected to be around _____. The most intensive phase of construction will last for about ______months, during which period approximately ______people may be working on the Project. The SIA has found that it is likely that the local communities will be able to provide a considerable part of workers (or rather workmen) required for construction of the cement plant, especially during the busiest period of the construction works. Most of would-be permanent workforce provided by local communities is expected to be trained by the Company to acquire needed qualification and skills.
There is also expected a significant multiplier effect in terms of additional contractors, workshops and retailers for the provision of services and supplies to Gizildash Cement Plant and its quarries. Thus, additional jobs may be created in providing such goods and services.
6.2.Recommendations
6.2.1. Review of Possible Impacts
Since cement manufacturing is commonly associated with the release of significant quantities of certain emissions, the negative effect of the proposed Gizildash Cement Plant is associated mainly with potential environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases. The parameters that may be affected in this context include air quality, waste and wastewater generation, traffic, noise, surface and groundwater quality, soil quality, terrestrial biodiversity, resource use, health and safety, landscape and visual intrusions, as well as the socio-economic well-being. Other adverse impacts on health and safety include common occupational risks associated with the presence of heavy mechanical equipment as well as fire and explosion risks. These risks are inherent to the cement industry and can only be minimized or mitigated through proper staff training and the adoption and implementation of clear health and safety operational procedures.
The assessment of possible positive social effects from the construction and future operation of Gizildash Cement Plant is directly related to the element of social infrastructure such as hospitals, residences, schools, offices, factories, shops, mosques, sports stadiums, or recreation facilities. Furthermore, the new cement plant will contribute to the local economy of the area by providing employment opportunities that often extend beyond the boundaries of the area. As expected, Gizildash Cement Plant will provide ______direct employment opportunities. Indirect and induced employment opportunities are equally important sources for the generation of income at the host communities’ level. Indirect employment may be achieved through the creation and promotion of new job opportunities at the businesses that will supply goods and services to Gizildash Cement Plant including contractors (e.g., maintenance, catering, and office services), transport providers, house purchase and rental, equipment and services procurement, construction companies, equipment manufacturers, caterers, etc. Induced employment on the other hand, will be generated by the direct expenditure of “Gizildahs Cement”s workers in the local economy (and more specifically in the shops and stores located within the geographic boundaries of the project area and host communities). In addition, in the frames of community investment program “Gizildash Cement” may contribute to development of social infrastructure facilities of its host communities, such as health care services, technical support to local schools, implementation of different projects on public utilities in the project area.
On the other hand, Gizildash Cement Plant will be responsible for some direct and indirect negative socio-economic impacts that include a probable drop in the land value in the area surrounding the plant,
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) increased exposure to dust, and potential increase in sickness rate in the area surrounding the site, which may cause a general perception of locals residents of being exposed to adverse health risks.
6.2.2. Mitigation of Socio-Economic Impacts
Dissemination of the positive socio-economic impacts of Gizildash Cement Plant is an important measure that should be considered. Historically, the cement industry often has had an “undesirable” image. This perception has been based primarily on visible emissions and quarrying operations, which generate noise, traffic, and dust. Nevertheless, the cement industry worldwide has been actively involved in “greening” the industry and improving its environmental compliance by using high and newest technologies. In this context, the important steps that can be undertaken by “Gizildash Cement” to improve the relationship with the host communities and build confidence in the management of operations include: ¾ Providing the local community residing in the vicinity of the proposed cement plant priority in terms of job opportunities, especially to vulnerable groups of individuals or families; ¾ Adopting policies to recruit locally and to hire local contractors when possible; ¾ Adopting a monitoring plan to assess adverse impacts on nearby receptors; ¾ Development a formal and operating system to respond in a timely fashion to complaints about nuisances (emissions, noise, etc.); ¾ Making emergency response teams available to local municipalities; ¾ Making company clinics available to the surrounding community; ¾ Committing to the publishing of data and reports on environmental performance; ¾ Providing in-kind contributions to the local community wherever possible; ¾ Restricting the movement and transportation of heavy machinery outside the sites to off-peak traffic hours and night time (if noise levels do not exceed the standards).
Monitoring of socio-economic indicators such as employment generation shall be conducted on a regular basis through employment records. Monitoring of social indicators such as public perception shall be conducted annually through field questionnaires, interviews, and public meetings. Also, it is essential to maintain constant open channels with the key stakeholders carrying out their activity in the project area.
6.2.3. Data Management and Reporting
The monitoring data will be important for future environmental and social management .It will formulate the background to determine the accuracy of environmental and social quality predictions and provide the scientific basis for establishing or modifying mitigation measures in the future. Therefore, it is proposed to develop a database of the monitoring data collected. Periodic environmental and social monitoring reports should be prepared to analyze the data, assess monitoring activities and provide recommendations to ensure the effectiveness of the environmental and social monitoring plan during the project life.
Monitoring reports should be submitted to the host communities and key stakeholders for public information and for feedback on the overall monitoring activities. These reports should summarize monitoring data (both on environmental and social indicators) with full interpretation illustrating the environmental and social impacts and identification or assessment of the implementation of mitigation measures. MINUTES OF 2ND PUBLIC HEARING DEDICATED TO RESULTS OF “ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT WITHIN THE “GIZILDASH CEMENT” PLANT PROJECT” DOCUMENT Subject of 2nd public hearing: Information on and discussion of the results of “Environmental and Social Impact Assessment within the “Gizildash Cement” Plant Project document to Garadagh district society, Environmental NGOs and state bodies located in Garadagh district and Baku city.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Date: January 29, 2010. Location: Baku city, Hyatt Regency (10.00- 15.00) Organizer: «NORM» LLC, Sulaco LTD and “SRM” company. List of hearing’s participants: (given below)
№ Name, surname Company name and position 1. Baghir Hidayatov “SRM” company, Director 2. Abbas Orujli Sulaco LTD, Director 3. Zenfira Shikhaliyeva Garadagh District Authority, First Deputy Head 4. Ismayil Erkovan «NORM» LLC, Chief Director 5. Mammad Abbasov CRA Group, Vice President, Head Lawyer 6. Murad Sadikhov «NORM» LLC, Development and Strategy Director 7. Islam Mammadov Sulaco LTD, Environmental Specialist – Project Coordinator 8. Ali Tunchbilek «NORM» LLC, “Gizildash Cement” Plant, Chief Director 9. Magsud Heydarov Disabled Garabagh war veterans, veterans and shehids’ families Public Association, Chairman 10. Feyruz Huseynov Garadagh District Veterans Council, Chairman 11. Elnur Sharifov Garadagh District, “Umid” Municipality, Chairman 12. Konyul Abdullayeva Garadagh District, “Umid” Community, Chairman 13. Joshgun Najafov Garadagh District, “Umid” Community’s Member 14. Raida Mammadova Garadagh District, “Chernobil” Disabled veterans community, Chairman 15. Yelena Chernova “La-Turel” consulting company’s representative 16. Lalazar Mehdiyeva “ASPI” Consulting Engineers, Inc. 17. Yuliya Adilova Sulaco LTD, Project Social Survey Team Leader 18. Niyaz Eyvazov Garadagh District, Red Crescent Society, Chairman 19. Alizaman Babashov Baku vocational lyceum #16, Director 20. Azar Alashrafov “Garadagh” newspaper, Chief Editor 21. Munis Bayramov Garadagh Executive Authority, Chief of Socio-Political Department 22. Hasan Guliyev CRA, Consultant of on Shareholders’ Financial Affairs 23. Azad Sujaev Garadagh Executive Authority, Chief of Socio-Economic Department 24. Rufat Sujaev Party “Social Rifah”, Deputy Chairman 25. Khanverdi Aliyev Garadagh District, Leader of Sangachal Community 26. Akhmad Mehdiyev Garadagh District, Chairman of Sangachal Municipality 27. Ilham Yusifov Garadagh District, Chairman of Gizildash Settlement Representation 28. Etimad Mammadov Garadagh District, Deputy Chairman of Sangachal Settlement Representation 29. Seyfulla Agayev Garadagh District, Deputy Chairman of Gizildash Settlement Representation 30. Seyran Aliyev Garadagh Executive Authority, Senior Consultant 31. Zarbali Uzeirov Garadagh District, Chairman of Cheyildagh Community 32. Saltanat Guliyeva Chairman of E. Guliev Charitable Public Association 33. Ramiz Rafiyev “SRM” company, Project Team Leader 34. Nigar Musaeva Member of NGO “ECOS” 35. Alaslan Mammadov Member of NGO “ECOS” 36. Sona Alekberova Member of NGO “Chevra” 37. Aygun Abasova «NORM» LLC, Project Director Assistant & Logistics Coordinator 38. Gyunay Abbasova «NORM» LLC, Specialist on Human Resources and administrative affairs
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) № Name, surname Company name and position 39. Azer Kerimov “NORM” LTD, Translator 40. Farid Rustamov «NORM» LLC, Specialist on Technological Machinery 41. Jeykhun Aliyev Garadagh Executive Authority, Head Consultant of Socio- Political Department 42. Yusif Atakishiyev Garadagh Executive Authority, Senior Consultant of Socio-Political Department 43. Elbrus Agayev Garadagh Executive Authority, Senior Consultant on Environmental Issues 44. Asaf Askerov Bank “Standard”, Key Specialist of Credit Department 45. Huseyn Babayev Garadagh District, Chairman of Umid Settlement Representation 46. Javanshir Najafov «NORM» LLC, Operation Manager 47. Ramazan Akdan “NORM” LLC, Energy Manager 48. Mustafa Shahingyoz «NORM» LLC, Planning and Design Engineer 49. Ilgar Gurbanov Garadagh Executive Authority, Key Consultant of Socio- Economic Department 50. Emil Mammadov Chief of Socio-Economic Department, Consultant of Socio-Economic Department 51. Fuad Mirkishiyev Sulaco LTD, Project Social Survey Group Member 52. Oktay Bagirov Sulaco LTD, Sociologist 53. Abdul Aliyev Sulaco LTD, Sociologist 54. Joshgun Aliyev Sulaco LTD, Sociologist 55. Anar Mehdiyev Sulaco LTD, Sociologist 56. Khagani Imanov Sulaco LTD, Sociologist 57. Fidan Mirzayeva Sulaco LTD, Sociologist 58. Jamila Orujova Sulaco LTD, Sociologist 59. Hafiz Babali “TURAN” News Agency, Journalist 60. Maharat Ismayilov Garadagh District, Bank “KAPITAL”, Chief Accountant 61. Javadkhan Suleymanov Garadagh District, Chairman of Gizildash Municipality 62. Valoda Abbasova Chairman of “Mushfig” Association 63. Sakit Ojagli Reporter of AzTV 64. Emin Gahramanzadeh Operator of AzTV 65. Elshan Mehdiyev Operator of “Space” TV 66. Sevindj Iskanderova Reporter of “Space” TV 67. Nijat Mustafaev Reporter of “APA” 68. Tural Kerimov “ECOS” NGO, Economist 69. Oktay Huseynov Deputy Director of Garadagh District Branch of “TEKHNIKA BANK” 70. Aydin Guliyev Garadagh District, lyceum #8, Director
Form of public hearing: slide show, explanation and information, discussions, presentation of material package to each participant. Goal of public hearing: 9 Ensuring of the right of community of Garadagh district and stakeholders for participation in making environmentally important decisions, their broad informing on the “Gizildash Cement” Plant Project, as well as on results of the document on Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment, developed within the framework of this Project including; 9 Informing participants on project necessity, state and development of cement industry in Azerbaijan, satisfaction of consumers for cement demand, assessment of alternatives for placement of new plant, national and international standards, which were referenced in ESIA document, conformance of the Project with environmental and operational procedures of World Bank, expected potential positive and negative impacts of the Project during the plant construction and operation periods, impact mitigation actions,
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) advanced technology and nature protection facilities that will be applied in a new plant, Environmental and Social Impacts Management Plan, and Environmental Monitoring Plan; 9 Bringing to public notice environmental aspects revealed during environmental assessment implemented in the project area; 9 Conducting public discussions connected with local socio-economic and ecological situations for considering purposes and providing of additional actions in the project; 9 Taking into account opinions and offers of participants of public hearings on environmental and social impacts mitigation. Public Hearing Agenda: Opening Speech: Zenfira Shikhaliyeva – Garadagh District Authority, First Deputy Head Project Information: Murad Sadikhov – «NORM» LLC, Development and Strategy Director ESIA Report Presentation: Islam Mammadov – Sulaco LTD, ESIA Project Coordinator SIA Report Presentation: Islam Mammadov – Sulaco LTD, ESIA Project Coordinator Discussion: After presentation representatives of «NORM» LLC, Sulaco LTD and “SRM” company have listened to opinions and offers of participants, answered questions connected with project activities.. PROGRAM OF PUBLI HEARING: Opening Speech: Zenfira Shikhaliyeva – Garadagh District Authority, First Deputy Head Z. Shikhaliyeva greeted the participants of the meeting and then informed them about goals and objectives of the second public hearing. She broadly informed participants on socio-economic development of Garadagh District, socio-economic Programs carried out in the District within the State Program for Regional Development. She also told about significance of the future “Gizildash Cement” Plant, which will be located in Garadagh District, for the district and for the Republic in whole, as well as about future role of the plant for satisfaction of internal cement market demand, new job creation, and increasing of socio-economic activity of local population. Presentations: Murad Sadikhov - «NORM» LLC, Development and Strategy Director M. Sadikhov informed participants about “Gizildash Cement” Plant Project and also about proposed activities – production of cement by “dry” method that has no analog in Azerbaijan at present time, and noted that as more than 70% of cement consumers are concentrated on Absheron peninsula it is considered as a strategically correct and reasonable decision to place a future plant within Absheron. The plant will produced 5000 t of clinker per day and 2 millions t of cement per year. The plant will be placed in Garadagh District of Baku city at a distance of 3 kms to north-west from Sangachal Oil Terminal. All legal documents, certifying proprietary right for land use in area of location of the future plant, are drawn up in accordance with a national legislation. He familiarized participants with area of location of the future plant and raw materials base, scheme of communication lines, and also told them that production of cement by “dry” method with applying new technologies is the most appropriate and efficient method with a view to energy saving, and will provide long-term competitive ability of the plant in Azerbaijan. He noted that for account of cover of a deficit of internal consumption and reduction of cement and clinker import, in Azerbaijan there will be saved roughly 150 millions USA dollars, which will be used for development of other branches of industry of the country. M. Sadikhov also informed participants about dynamics of production and consumption of cement, investments in construction of new plant including quarrying, establishment of new infrastructures and communications, procurement of new technology. M. Sadikhov particularly noted that for the purpose of reduction of the expected environmental impact of the future plant all the main and additional technological workshops and units of the plant will be supplied with appropriate modern gas- and dust extractors. He accented that creation of green screening lines within the area and around the plant will be part of environmental protection strategy of the future plant. He showed a dispersion model of inaccuracy of the expected discharge into air of hazardous substances (dust particles) calculated in Ecolog PRO computer program and showed that concentrations of dust particles within and out-of sanitary protection zone of the plant won’t exceed quality and permissible contamination standards established by national environmental legislation of the Republic Of Azerbaijan. M. Sadikhov also told participants about communication lines of the future plant, showed schemes of the pipeline route, indicated ways of the international transportations (water, air, railroad, motor transport), and minutely informed them about environmental protection and quality control procedures. In conclusion M. Sadikhov informed participants on Project implementation strategy, works program during construction period, demand in labor force during period construction and operation of the plant. Islam Mammadov - Sulaco LTD, Environmental Specialist, ESIA Project Coordinator
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) I. Mammadov divulged purpose of draw-up of this ESIA Document carried out within the “Gizildash Cement” Plant Project and noted that according to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan “On Environmental Protection” the drawing-up of this ESIA Document is obligatory for all designing, reconstructing, expanding and technically reequipping industrial objects. He noted that this document is drawn-up ob the base of “Regulations for ESIA Documents” approved by the Government of Azerbaijan and developed at financial support of the UNO Technical Support Program, in accordance with Terms of Reference of the Client (“NORM” LLC), the best international practice in this field. In conceptual form the presented document includes following items: 9 Description, goals and objectives of the Project; 9 Assessment of current environmental situation in project area and its neighborhoods; 9 Review of environmental legislation and laws relevant to cement production in the Republic of Azerbaijan; 9 Review of environmental and operational procedures of International Financial Agencies relevant to cement production; 9 Assessment of alternatives of plant and its equipment placement in terms of environmental, social and economic view; 9 Description of technological equipment of the future plant and assessment of emissions into environment; 9 Assessment of potential expected negative and positive impacts of the plant during construction and operation periods; 9 Development of Environmental and Social Impacts Management Plan; 9 Development of Environmental Monitoring Plan; 9 Review of results of social surveys implemented within project area; 9 Informing of the public and conducting public discussions. I. Mammadov informed participants on quality standards and environmental regulations functioning in Azerbaijan, on maximal once-only and average daily MPC (maximum permissible concentration) of hazardous substances (dust and gas emissions) into air and water within operational area, showed comparative analysis of emission of hazardous substances into air from the future “Gizildash Cement” Plant with international standards and norms accepted in cement production in leading countries of the world. He noted that due to applying of advanced technology MPC of emissions into air of solid substances (dust), nitrogen oxide and sulfur, as well as content of heavy metals in emissions will be at a level of European standards. I. Mammadov also informed participants on effective laws, codes, resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan in the field of environmental protection, on international conventions to which the Republic of Azerbaijan has joined. As regards to environmental and operational procedures of WB he noted that the proposed project completely complies with and does not contradicts to those operational procedures of WB as OP 4.04, OP 4.09, OP/PV 4.10, OP 4.11, Op/PV 4.12, OP 4.36, OP 4.37, OP 7.50 and OP 7.60 and etc. I. Mammadov informed Participants about implemented environmental surveys in designed area, results of laboratory analysis of atmospheric air quality, content of heavy metal in soil and noted that content of dust in air of the designed area exceeds a permissible norm that is explained by transfer of dust with the wind from neighboring areas where an intensive quarrying is occurred. He also informed participants on current ecological state of the designed area, especially noted that presently placement of the future plant is semi-arid area useless for agricultural activities, humus soil is a raw soil, the soil basically consists of clay, loam and sand, fauna and flora is poorly developed, underground water in the area is extremely limited. Nearby of the area of the placement of the future plant there are no rivers, lakes, artificial pools. Currently in the area there are no such infrastructure elements as gas, water pipelines, power supply, railroad and motor roads. Quarry areas that will be used as a raw materials base for the future plant are disabled at a result of long term operation. He noted that at a result of mathematical calculations and computer modeling of emissions of hazardous substances (dust and gases) through a Ecolog PRO software there are determined that the emissions of solid substances (dust) and gases within sanitary protection zone of the proposed plant will be within permissible norms of quality standards accepted in Azerbaijan. He familiarized participants with expected potential negative and positive effects of the construction and operation of the future plant, proposed mitigation of the negative and strengthening of the positive environmental impacts. He noted that during the period of the construction there will be short-term and insignificant environmental impacts such as emissions of dust into atmosphere, noise nuisance, vibration, formation of solid domestic and other inert wastes. The indicated impacts will be minimized at a result of realization of adequate measures stipulated within an Environmental Management Plan. He also broadly informed participants about organization of environmental monitoring in the period of plant operation and about parameters covered with monitoring system. I. Mammadov also informed participants about potential economic and social benefits from the future plant in regional and national contexts. I. Mammadov 269
“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) informed participants on results of Social Impacts Assessment carried out in design area and accented that a goal of these surveys was assessment of social impacts of activities related to the future cement plant. For this purpose there has been carried out a social survey in three nearest to the design area settlements: Sangachal, Umid and Cheyildagh; among 400 respondents presented different sectors of society, as well as there were organized and conducted focus-group discussions in each of the settlements. He familiarized participants with results of social survey, which included, but not limited, such indicators as state of power, gas and water supplies in the abovementioned settlements, state of households, change dynamics of incomes of households during last 3 years, issues of land use and farming, indexes of employment in households, level of unemployment, interests of respondents in job search, main problems connected with job placement, condition of education and health in families, level of education and medical services in settlements, state of educational and medical institutions, etc. I. Mammadov particularly noted that currently one of the actual and acute problems in the indicated settlements is problems related to unemployment and occupancy. The main social expectations of local population from activities connected with construction of the new cement plant consist in new job creation and area of service, hopes on improvement of infrastructure elements. Discussions: Alizaman Babashov - Director of Baku vocational lyceum #16: - I offer passing of practice and employment of high-school graduates of our lyceum on the future plant; Magsud Heydarov – Chairman of Disabled Garabagh war veterans, veterans and shehids’ families Public Association: - We have a working clothes sewing plant, where basically work families of shehids, widows. We produce goods of 40-50 descriptions (working clothes, gauntlets, etc.) that are in demand among different enterprises. It would be good if sewing of working clothes for future cement plant be ordered to our plant. Zarbali Uzeirov - Garadagh District, Chairman of Cheyildagh Community: - Infrastructure of Cheyildagh settlement is under a cloud. I ask to render assistance to improve infrastructure in the future. Etimad Mammadov - Garadagh District, Deputy Chairman of Sangachal Settlement Representation: - We ask to build a polyclinic within this plant, involve local population to work in this polyclinic and stipulate creation of conditions for medical examination of local population there along with plant’s workers. Khanverdi Aliyev - Garadagh District, Leader of Sangachal Community: - We recommend drawing attention to environmental protection and protection of properties of plant’s workers and local population during construction of the plant. Question: A. Mammadov – NGO “ECOS”: - You have informed us that the plant will use as a raw material wastes accumulated on old quarries. After these wastes will be exhausted, what will be a destiny of these quarries? Answer: Murad Sadikhov - «NORM» LLC, Development and Strategy Director: - After the wastes out of quarries will be completely used, there is stipulated to rehabilitate these areas. Altogether there is expected a rehabilitation of about 10 thousands hectares area in a future there. Outcome: The First Deputy Head of Garadagh District Authority, Z. Shikhaliyeva having declared a finishing of the 2nd public hearing dedicated to results of “Environmental and Social Impact Assessment” Document within the framework of the “Gizildash Cement” Plant Project, expressed a wish on behalf of the Garadagh District Community that they could make their contribution in deciding of problems related to improvement of the well- being of the local population and infrastructure, that the future plant would play an important role in a social and economic development of the district, employment and new job creation and declared a meeting closed. Note: The AzTV, SPACE TV, Public Television reported on the 2nd public hearing dedicated to results of “Environmental and Social Impact Assessment” Document within the framework of the “Gizildash Cement” Plant Project held on January 29, 2010 and AzerTaj and Turan Information Agency gave information about this on their internet sites.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) Program of presentation of Report on Survey of Environmental and Social Impacts of “Gizildash Cement” Plant has been held on 29.01.2010 by SRM company and Sulaco LTD Commencement Termination Term (hour, Content Reporter time time minute) 09:00 10:00 1 h Coming from Garadagh by bus ---- 10:00 10:30 30 min Registration ---- 10:30 10:45 15 min Opening speech Zenfira Shikhaliyeva, First Deputy Head of Garadagh District Authority 10:45 11:15 30 min Project Information Murad Sadikhov, Development and Strategy Director, “NORM” LLC 11:15 12:00 45 min EIA Report Islam Mammadov, ESIA Project Coordinator, Sulaco LTD 12:00 12:30 30 min Coffee, tea break ---- 12:30 13:00 30 min SIA Report Islam Mammadov, ESIA Project Coordinator, Sulaco LTD 13:00 13:45 45 min Discussions, answering questions ---- 13:45 14:45 1 h Dinner hour ---- 15:00 -- Going to Garadagh by bus ----
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) PHOTOS OF II PUBLIC HEARING ON GIZILDASH-CEMENT PLANT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT OUTCOMES HELD IN BAKU HYATT HOTELS 29.01.2010
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ БУДЕТ ПОСТРОЕН КРУПНЕЙШИЙ В РЕГИОНЕ ЦЕМЕНТНЫЙ ЗАВОД
Сегодня в Баку состоялась презентация проекта строительства крупнейшего в регионе цементного завода, который будет построен ООО Norm.
10:56 30-01-2010
Как передает Vesti.Az, заведующий по развитию и стратегии ООО Norm Мурад Садыхов отметил, что работы по созданию завода начнутся в конце апреля текущего года и уже в мае 2012 года завод будет работать в полную мощность и производить 2 млн. тонн цемента в год: «Новый завод «Qizildash Cement» будет построен на территории Гарадагского района Баку, в 3 км северо- западнее от Сангачальчского терминала и общая площадь предприятия охватит участок в 160 га. Территория нам уже выделена». М.Садыхов отметил, что в качестве сырья будут использоваться отходы из близлежащего каменного карьера. По его словам, завод будет в состоянии ежедневно производить 5 тыс. тонн клинкера: «Ввиду того, что 70% производства цемента приходятся на долю Абшеронского полуострова, со стратегической точки зрения завод, который расположен около полуострова, находится на приемлемой позиции». М.Садыхов также отметил, что на заводе будут использованы современные технологии, соблюдаться все международные нормы по охране окружающей среды. Уже объявлен тендер на строительство завода, победитель которого определится в 2010 году. «В роли технического консультанта выступает индийская компания Holtec Consulting Private Ltd.». По словам официального представителя ООО Norm, сдача в эксплуатацию «Qizildash Cement» осуществится в три этапа. Так, на первом этапе – в 2012 году будет произведено 2 млн. тонн цемента, на втором и третьем этапах – за счет строительства дополнительной линии мощность завода будет увеличена еще на 4 млн. тонн: «В результате, «Qizildash Cement» с производственной мощностью в 6 млн. тонн станет самым крупным производителем цемента в Азербайджане и в каспийском регионе в целом. В будущем планируется экспорт продукции за рубеж». М.Садыхов отметил, что для строительства завода будет привлечен кредит зарубежных банков. Так, 70% средств, необходимых для строительства завода, будут оплачены в виде кредита, а остальные 30% - за счет учредителей завода. Отметим, что ООО Norm создано в 2006 году с целью строительства цементного предприятия и дальнейшей продажи готовой продукции (цемент и клинкер) в основном на внутреннем рынке Азербайджана.
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“Gızıldash Cement” Plant Project Social Impacts Assessment (SIA) КОМПАНИЯ ООО NORM СОЗДАСТ В БАКУ НОВЫЙ ЦЕМЕНТНЫЙ ЗАВОД
5 Февраля 2010 Компания ООО Norm на недавно проведенной презентации представила вариант проекта по созданию в Баку нового цементного завода, который должен стать крупнейшим в регионе. Информацию об этом передают «Вести». Заведующий по развитию и стратегии ООО Norm Мурад Садыхов рассказывал о предполагаемом месте расположения и общей площади нового завода: «Новый завод «Qizildash Cement» будет построен на территории Гарадагского района Баку, в 3 км северо-западнее от Сангачальчского терминала и общая площадь предприятия охватит участок в 160 га. Территория нам уже выделена». М.Садыхов также подчеркнул, что на предприятии будут реализованы современные технологии и будут строго соблюдаться все международные нормы по охране окружающей среды. Тендер на строительство завода уже объявлен, однако пока не выявлен его победитель. Строительство объекта планируют начать в конце апреля текущего года, предполагаемый ввод в эксплуатацию намечен на май 2012 года, расчетная мощность предприятия при работе с полной загрузкой должна составить 2 млн тонн цемента в год.
280 Dateiname: ESIA NORM_LLC_eng_kompr.doc Verzeichnis: C:\DOCUME~1\0931803\LOCALS~1\Temp\DropOL Vorlage: C:\Documents and Settings\0931803\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dot Titel: TİTUL VƏRƏQİ Thema: Autor: Islam Mamedov Stichwörter: Kommentar: Erstelldatum: 23.04.2012 09:22:00 Änderung Nummer: 2 Letztes Speicherdatum: 23.04.2012 09:22:00 Zuletzt gespeichert von: 0932070 Letztes Druckdatum: 23.04.2012 17:06:00 Nach letztem vollständigen Druck Anzahl Seiten: 278 Anzahl Wörter: 66.224 (ca.) Anzahl Zeichen: 417.212 (ca.)