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Iraq's WMD Capability
BRITISH AMERICAN SECURITY INFORMATION COUNCIL BASIC SPECIAL REPORT Unravelling the Known Unknowns: Why no Weapons of Mass Destruction have been found in Iraq By David Isenberg and Ian Davis BASIC Special Report 2004.1 January 2004 1 The British American Security Information Council The British American Security Information Council (BASIC) is an independent research organization that analyzes international security issues. BASIC works to promote awareness of security issues among the public, policy makers and the media in order to foster informed debate on both sides of the Atlantic. BASIC in the U.K. is a registered charity no. 1001081 BASIC in the U.S. is a non-profit organization constituted under Section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service Code David Isenberg, Senior Analyst David Isenberg joined BASIC's Washington office in November 2002. He has a wide background in arms control and national security issues, and brings close to 20 years of experience in this field, including three years as a member of DynMeridian's Arms Control & Threat Reduction Division, and nine years as Senior Analyst at the Center for Defense Information. Ian Davis, Director Dr. Ian Davis is Executive Director of BASIC and has a rich background in government, academia, and the non-governmental organization (NGO) sector. He received both his Ph.D. and B.A. in Peace Studies from the University of Bradford. He was formerly Program Manager at Saferworld before being appointed as the new Executive Director of BASIC in October 2001. He has published widely on British defense and foreign policy, European security, the international arms trade, arms export controls, small arms and light weapons and defense diversification. -
Px Hawkish Hack.Qxp 06/12/2006 15:54 Page 1
px hawkish hack cover (HDS).qxp 07/12/2006 20:25 Page 1 think tank of the year Much of the discourse on the war on terror sacrifices historical 2006/2007 perspective for an often partisan focus on the day-by-day flow of events. Confessions of a Hawkish Hack: The Media and the War on Terror is Matthew d’Ancona’s critique of such short-termism. In it, he outlines his own interpretation of the attacks of 9/11 and the media’s coverage of events since then. Above all, he urges the West to show greater patience and stamina in a conflict that is likely to last for decades and may never have a clear end point. Thus far our biggest deficit in waging war on terror has been a lack of ideas—the“ kind of reshaping ideas that Viner, Brodie, Schelling, and others developed to cope with the emergence of the nuclear threat during the Cold War. In this remarkable essay, Matthew d’Ancona undertakes precisely this groundbreaking effort, focusing on the fraught relationship between the media and the wars on terror. It is a triumph.” Philip Bobbitt, author of The Shield of Achilles Matthew d'Ancona blends the slow, medium and fast pulses of history in a“ way that truly illuminates the bundle of problems facing open societies confronting international terrorism of a kind and on a scale none of them have experienced before. Would that more journalists had the intellectual Confessions of a and verbal horsepower evident in this immensely thoughtful piece.” Peter Hennessy, Attlee Professor of Contemporary British History, Queen Mary, University of London Hawkish -
Russia's Vision for the Middle East and North Africa
Transcript Russia’s Vision for the Middle East and North Africa Mikhail Margelov Chairman, Committee for Foreign Affairs, Federation Council, Russia; Special Representative of the Russian Federation and President on Cooperation with African Countries Chair: Rt Hon Sir Roderic Lyne Deputy Chairman, Chatham House; British Ambassador to Russia (2000-2004) 10 December 2013 The views expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of Chatham House, its staff, associates or Council. Chatham House is independent and owes no allegiance to any government or to any political body. It does not take institutional positions on policy issues. This document is issued on the understanding that if any extract is used, the author(s)/ speaker(s) and Chatham House should be credited, preferably with the date of the publication or details of the event. Where this document refers to or reports statements made by speakers at an event every effort has been made to provide a fair representation of their views and opinions, but the ultimate responsibility for accuracy lies with this document’s author(s). The published text of speeches and presentations may differ from delivery. Transcript: Russia’s Vision for the Middle East and North Africa RUSSIA’S VISION FOR THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Rt Hon Sir Roderic Lyne: Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for coming in such numbers. I’m Roderic Lyne, I’m the deputy chairman here at Chatham House. This meeting, as I think you know, is being held on the record. -
On Strategy: a Primer Edited by Nathan K. Finney
Cover design by Dale E. Cordes, Army University Press On Strategy: A Primer Edited by Nathan K. Finney Combat Studies Institute Press Fort Leavenworth, Kansas An imprint of The Army University Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Finney, Nathan K., editor. | U.S. Army Combined Arms Cen- ter, issuing body. Title: On strategy : a primer / edited by Nathan K. Finney. Other titles: On strategy (U.S. Army Combined Arms Center) Description: Fort Leavenworth, Kansas : Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center, 2020. | “An imprint of The Army University Press.” | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2020020512 (print) | LCCN 2020020513 (ebook) | ISBN 9781940804811 (paperback) | ISBN 9781940804811 (Adobe PDF) Subjects: LCSH: Strategy. | Strategy--History. Classification: LCC U162 .O5 2020 (print) | LCC U162 (ebook) | DDC 355.02--dc23 | SUDOC D 110.2:ST 8. LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020020512. LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020020513. 2020 Combat Studies Institute Press publications cover a wide variety of military topics. The views ex- pressed in this CSI Press publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Depart- ment of the Army or the Department of Defense. A full list of digital CSI Press publications is available at https://www.armyu- press.army.mil/Books/combat-studies-institute. The seal of the Combat Studies Institute authenticates this document as an of- ficial publication of the CSI Press. It is prohibited to use the CSI’s official seal on any republication without the express written permission of the director. Editors Diane R. -
The Report of the Iraq Inquiry: Executive Summary
Return to an Address of the Honourable the House of Commons dated 6 July 2016 for The Report of the Iraq Inquiry Executive Summary Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 6 July 2016 HC 264 46561_00b Viking_Executive Summary Title Page.indd 1 23/06/2016 14:22 © Crown copyright 2016 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identifi ed any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] Print ISBN 9781474133319 Web ISBN 9781474133326 ID 23051602 46561 07/16 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fi bre content minimum Printed in the UK by the Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Offi ce 46561_00b Viking_Executive Summary Title Page.indd 2 23/06/2016 14:22 46561_00c Viking_Executive Summary.indd 1 23/06/2016 15:04 46561_00c Viking_Executive Summary.indd 2 23/06/2016 14:17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 Pre‑conflict strategy and planning .................................................................................... 5 The UK decision to support US military action ................................................................. 6 UK policy before 9/11 ................................................................................................ -
Suez 1956 24 Planning the Intervention 26 During the Intervention 35 After the Intervention 43 Musketeer Learning 55
Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd i 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East Louise Kettle 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiiiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Louise Kettle, 2018 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road, 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 11/1 3 Adobe Sabon by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 3795 0 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 3797 4 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 3798 1 (epub) The right of Louise Kettle to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iivv 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Contents Acknowledgements vii 1. Learning from History 1 Learning from History in Whitehall 3 Politicians Learning from History 8 Learning from the History of Military Interventions 9 How Do We Learn? 13 What is Learning from History? 15 Who Learns from History? 16 The Learning Process 18 Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 21 2. -
Intelligence Information and Judicial Evidentiary Standards
811 INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION AND JUDICIAL EVIDENTIARY STANDARDS ROBERT BEJESKYt I. INTRODUCTION................................... 811 II. FACT FINDERS .................................... 813 III. NUCLEAR CAPABILITY ........................... 820 IV. BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS........................... 836 V. CHEMICAL WEAPONS ............................ 845 VI. DELIVERY SYSTEMS .............................. 851 VII. M ENS REA ......................................... 854 VIII. INVOLVEMENT WITH TERRORISM ............... 855 IX. CONCLUSION ..................................... 875 I. INTRODUCTION Senator Kennedy called it "reprehensible" that the "administra- tion distorted, misrepresented and manipulated the intelligence" on Iraq.' Louis Fisher wrote: "There should be no question that the pre- war information was distorted, hyped, and fabricated. The October 2002 [National Intelligence Estimate ("NIE")] prepared by the intelli- gence community is plain evidence of that . ."2 University of Pitts- burgh President Jem Spectar contended that the "Bush administration exploited, furthered, manipulated or thrived on the public's confusion .... "3 Professor Yamamoto explained, "Many have documented this ad- ministration's penchant for deliberate misrepresentations on national security-in blunt terms, [and] for lying to the American people about threats at home and abroad."4 Harvard Emeritus Professor Stanley t MA Political Science (Michigan), MA Applied Economics (Michigan), LL.M. In- ternational Law (Georgetown). The author has taught courses in International Law at Cooley Law School and for the Department of Political Science at the University of Michigan, courses in American Government and Constitutional Law at Alma College, and courses in Business Law at Central Michigan University and the University of Miami. 1. J M Spectar, Beyond the Rubicon: PresidentialLeadership, InternationalLaw & The Use of Force in the Long Hard Slog, 22 CoN. J. Irr'iL L. 47, 90 (2006). 2. Louis Fisher, Lost ConstitutionalMoorings: Recovering the War Power, 81 IND. -
Basic Special Report
BRITISH AMERICAN SECURITY INFORMATION COUNCIL BASIC SPECIAL REPORT Unravelling the Known Unknowns: Why no Weapons of Mass Destruction have been found in Iraq By David Isenberg and Ian Davis BASIC Special Report 2004.1 January 2004 1 The British American Security Information Council The British American Security Information Council (BASIC) is an independent research organization that analyzes international security issues. BASIC works to promote awareness of security issues among the public, policy makers and the media in order to foster informed debate on both sides of the Atlantic. BASIC in the U.K. is a registered charity no. 1001081 BASIC in the U.S. is a non-profit organization constituted under Section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service Code David Isenberg, Senior Analyst David Isenberg joined BASIC's Washington office in November 2002. He has a wide background in arms control and national security issues, and brings close to 20 years of experience in this field, including three years as a member of DynMeridian's Arms Control & Threat Reduction Division, and nine years as Senior Analyst at the Center for Defense Information. Ian Davis, Director Dr. Ian Davis is Executive Director of BASIC and has a rich background in government, academia, and the non-governmental organization (NGO) sector. He received both his Ph.D. and B.A. in Peace Studies from the University of Bradford. He was formerly Program Manager at Saferworld before being appointed as the new Executive Director of BASIC in October 2001. He has published widely on British defense and foreign policy, European security, the international arms trade, arms export controls, small arms and light weapons and defense diversification. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION Contents Establishing the Inquiry .................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of the Inquiry ................................................................................................ 2 Support to the Inquiry Committee .............................................................................. 3 Avoiding conflicts of interest ...................................................................................... 4 The Inquiry’s approach ..................................................................................................... 5 Initial meetings ........................................................................................................... 5 Issues not addressed by the Inquiry .......................................................................... 6 Hearings .................................................................................................................... 8 Written evidence ........................................................................................................ 9 Publication of the most sensitive documents .................................................... 10 Minutes of Cabinet meetings ............................................................................. 11 Communication between the UK Prime Minister and US President .................. 12 Legal Professional Privilege and the Law Officers’ Convention ........................ 13 Open source material ............................................................................................. -
Russian Hybrid Warfare: How to Confront a New Challenge to the West
Russian Hybrid Warfare: How to Confront a New Challenge to the West Pasi Eronen June 2016 FOUNDATION FOR DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACIES FOUNDATION Russian Hybrid Warfare: How to Confront a New Challenge to the West Pasi Eronen June 2016 FDD PRESS A division of the FOUNDATION FOR DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACIES Washington, DC Russian Hybrid Warfare: How to Confront a New Challenge to the West Table of Contents Executive Summary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �3 An End to a Largely Peaceful Post-Soviet Period � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �3 What Is Hybrid Warfare? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �5 Understanding Russia’s View of Cyberwarfare � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 The Layers of Cyberspace � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Other Components of Russia’s Hybrid War with the West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �14 Policy Recommendations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �15 Bibliography � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �18 Acknowledgements � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �25 Russian Hybrid Warfare: How to Confront a New Challenge to the West Technically, he was right -
Bulletin 80 13 Dec.P65
THE CBW CONVENTIONS BULLETIN News, Background and Comment on Chemical and Biological Weapons Issues ISSUE NO. 80 SEPTEMBER 2008 Quarterly Journal of the Harvard Sussex Program on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation BRINGING THE CBW CONVENTIONS CLOSER TOGETHER Julian Perry Robinson, Harvard Sussex Program In 1968, for reasons that are still not entirely clear, the United – people, other animals and plants – on a giant scale. The Kingdom proposed that biological weapons (BW) and Shady Grove field trials conducted by the United States off chemical weapons (CW) should in future be treated separately Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean during February and at the Geneva disarmament conference, and that the talks March 1964 are said to have demonstrated that, against caged should first concentrate on BW. That is what happened, rhesus monkeys, one single-seat aircraft could establish gradually. The international agreement that already existed disease-causing dosages of bacterial aerosol at sea level over in the field, the 1925 Geneva Protocol, had taken chemical nearly five thousand square kilometres. That was a biological and biological weapons (CBW) together. Their new separation weapon, but, as is described below, similar areas of led to the 1972 Biological & Toxin Weapons Convention (the effectiveness were anticipated for future chemical weapons BWC) and then the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention as well. Urban areas of like size – the habitat of maybe (CWC), so in fact both types of weapon became outlawed, millions of people — might be no less vulnerable. So, as and it is possible that neither would have been without that casualty agents, there may in principle be some comparability parting of the ways. -
ANU Strategic & Defence Studies Centre's Golden Anniversary
New Directions in Strategic Thinking 2.0 ANU STRATEGIC & DEFENCE STUDIES CENTRE’S GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS New Directions in Strategic Thinking 2.0 ANU STRATEGIC & DEFENCE STUDIES CENTRE’S GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS EDITED BY DR RUSSELL W. GLENN Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760462222 ISBN (online): 9781760462239 WorldCat (print): 1042559418 WorldCat (online): 1042559355 DOI: 10.22459/NDST.07.2018 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press This edition © 2018 ANU Press Contents Foreword . vii Preface . xi Contributors . xiii Acronyms and abbreviations . xxiii 1 . Introduction . 1 Russell W . Glenn 2 . The decline of the classical model of military strategy . 9 Lawrence Freedman 3 . Economics and security . 23 Amy King 4 . A bias for action? The military as an element of national power . 37 John J . Frewen 5 . The prospects for a Great Power ‘grand bargain’ in East Asia . 51 Evelyn Goh 6 . Old wine in new bottles? The continued relevance of Cold War strategic concepts . 63 Robert Ayson 7 . Beyond ‘hangovers’: The new parameters of post–Cold War nuclear strategy . 77 Nicola Leveringhaus 8 . The return of geography . 91 Paul Dibb 9 . Strategic studies in practice: An Australian perspective . 105 Hugh White 10 . Strategic studies in practice: A South-East Asian perspective .