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Decapod Crustaceans of the Southwest Kamchatka Shelf: R/V “Professor Levanidov” Collection in June 1996

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Arthropoda Selecta 10 (2): 103136 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2001 Decapod Crustaceans of the Southwest Kamchatka Shelf: R/V Professor Levanidov collection in June 1996 Äåñÿòèíîãèå ðàêîîáðàçíûå (Crustacea: Decapoda) þæíîé ÷àñòè çàïàäíî-êàì÷àòñêîãî øåëüôà: ïî ñáîðàì íà ÍÈÑ Ïðîôåññîð Ëåâàíèäîâ â èþíå 1996 ã. V.I. Sokolov Â.È. Ñîêîëîâ Russian Federal Institute for Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Verchnyaya Krasnoselskaya Str., 17a, Moscow 107140 Russia. Ðîññèéñêèé Ôåäåðàëüíûé Èíñòèòóò ìîðñêîãî ðûáíîãî õîçÿéñòâà è îêàíîãðàôèè (ÂÍÈÐÎ), óë. Âåðõíÿÿ Êðàñíîñåëüñêàÿ, ä. 17à, Ìîñêâà 107140 Ðîññèÿ. KEY WORDS: Decapod crustaceans, fauna, Sea of Okhotsk, West Kamchatka, protandric hermaphroditism. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: äåñÿòèíîãèå ðàêîîáðàçíûå, ôàóíà, Îõîòñêîå ìîðå, Çàïàäíàÿ Êàì÷àòêà, ïðîòåðàíäðè÷åñêèé ãåðìàôðîäèòèçì. ABSTRACT: Thirty two decapod species (ca. 6100 [Èâàíîâ, 1992] è, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, òî÷íîì ìåñòîíà- specimens) were collected using a bottom trawl in the õîæäåíèè ðàçëè÷íûõ âèäîâ. ×àñòü ýòèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ southern part of the Kamchatka shelf at depth between â ïîñëåäñòâèè áûëà óòåðÿíà. Ïîýòîìó ìíîãèå äàí- 20 and 300 m. Two species, e.g. Argis ochotensis íûå î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè ðàçëè÷íûõ âèäîâ äåñÿòèíî- Komai, 1997 and Spirontocaris brevidigitata Kobjako- ãèõ ðàêîîáðàçíûõ â ðîññèéñêèõ äàëüíåâîñòî÷íûõ va, 1935 were recorded in the area for the first time, ìîðÿõ òðåáóþò äîïîëíåíèÿ è óòî÷íåíèÿ. while the latter species was found for the first time in the Èç âñåõ ðàéîíîâ Îõîòñêîãî ìîðÿ êàðöèíîëîãàìè entire Sea of Okhotsk. New material provide evidence íàèáîëåå àêòèâíî èçó÷àëñÿ øåëüô Çàïàäíîé Êàì- that the latter species and Spirontocaris spinus interme- ÷àòêè. Ïðèñòàëüíîå âíèìàíèå ê ýòîé ÷àñòè ìîðÿ dia are both well separated from Spirontocaris spinus, ñâÿçàíî ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ñ çàïàäíîêàì÷àòñêîé ïî- contrary to earlier synonimization by Hayashi [1977]. ïóëÿöèåé êàì÷àòñêîãî êðàáà, ñèëüíî ýêñïëóàòèðóå- The most common species in the region investigated ìîé íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ïîñëåäíèõ äåñÿòèëåòèé. Ðàñïðå- were Chionoecets bairdi, Chionoecetes opilio, Paralith- äåëåíèå è áèîëîãèÿ äðóãèõ ïðîìûñëîâûõ âèäîâ ýòî- odes camtschaticus, Pagurus trigonocheirus, Labidoch- ãî ðàéîíà èçó÷àëè â çíà÷èòåëüíî ìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè. irus splendescens, and Hyas coarctatus alutaceus. All ×òî êàñàåòñÿ íåïðîìûñëîâûõ ðàêîîáðàçíûõ òî èõ these species but Chionoecetes bairdi are widely ranged èçó÷åíèåì â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå çàíè- in the Sea of Okhotsk. Paralithodes camtschaticus and ìàëèñü. Îáñòàíîâêà â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè îñëîæ- Chionoecetes bairdi were most abundunt species in the íÿåòñÿ ïî÷òè ïîëíûì îòñóòñòâèåì íàó÷íî-èññëåäî- shallow waters. Pandalus borealis eous and Chiono- âàòåëüñêèõ ðàáîò íà ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ ñóäàõ.  ecetes opilio dominated in trawl catches in the depth ýòîé ñâÿçè äîâîëüíî ïîëíàÿ áåíòîñíàÿ ñúåìêà þæ- range of 200-300 m to the north of 52º00′N. The entire íîé ÷àñòè çàïàäíîêàì÷àòñêîãî øåëüôà, ïðîâåäåí- decapod fauna of the West Kamchatka shelf includes 50 íàÿ ÒÈÍÐÎ-Öåíòðîì ïðè ó÷àñòèè ÂÍÈÐÎ íà ÍÈÑ species. Remarks on morphological variation, size com- Ïðîô. Ëåâàíèäîâ â èþëå 1996 ã. ïðåäñòàâëÿåò position and the presence of ovigerous females are given íåñîìíåííûé èíòåðåñ. for most species. External sexual characters in Crangon Òðèäöàòü äâà âèäà (îêîëî 6100 ýêçåìïëÿðîâ) communis were studied in details in order to clear äåêàïîä áûëî ñîáðàíî â þæíîé ÷àñòè çàïàäíîêàì- whether this species is a protandric hermaphrodite. No ÷àòñêîãî øåëüôà íà ãëóáèíå îò 20 äî 300 ì. Äâà âèäà apparent transitional specimens were recorded. Argis ochotensis è Spirontocaris brevidigitata îòìå÷å- íû äëÿ çàïàäíîêàì÷àòñêîãî øåëüôà âïåðâûå, ïîñëå- ÐÅÇÞÌÅ: Ïîñëåäíÿÿ ïî âðåìåíè ñâîäêà äàííûõ äíèé âïåðâûå äëÿ Îõîòñêîãî ìîðÿ â öåëîì. Íà íî- î äåñÿòèíîãèõ ðàêîîáðàçíûõ Îõîòñêîãî ìîðÿ [Âè- âîì ìàòåðèàëå ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî êàê ýòîò ïîñëåäíèé íîãðàäîâ, 1947] âêëþ÷àåò 91 âèä è ïîäâèä. Îäíàêî âèä, òàê è Spirontocaris spinus intermedia õîðîøî ïî ñëîæèâøèìñÿ â òî âðåìÿ â ÑÑÑÐ óñëîâèÿì èññëå- îáîñîáëåíû îò Spirontocaris spinus, è íå ÿâëÿþòñÿ äîâàòåëè â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ íå èìåëè âîçìîæ- åãî ñèíîíèìàìè, êàê ðàíåå ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü Hayashi íîñòè ïóáëèêîâàòü ñâåäåíèÿ î ïîëîæåíèè ñòàíöèé [1977]. Âñÿ ôàóíà äåêàïîä çàïàäíîêàì÷àòñêîãî øåëü- 104 V.I. Sokolov ôà âêëþ÷àåò 50 âèäîâ. Íàèáîëåå îáû÷íûìè âèäàìè distribution pattern of most important commercial spe- ðåãèîíà áûëè Chionoecets bairdi, Chionoecetes opilio, cies, e.g. blue king crab, Paralithodes platypus (Brandt, Paralithodes camtschaticus, Pagurus trigonocheirus, 1851), red king crab, and tanner crabs, Chionoecetes Labidochirus splendescens èHyas coarctatus alutaceus. bairdi Rathbun, 1902 and Chionocoetes opilio (O. Fab- Âñå ýòè âèäû êðîìå Ch. bairdi øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðà- ricius, 1788) are out of the scope of this paper. íåíû â Îõîòñêîì ìîðå. P. camtschaticus è Ch. bairdi áûëè íàèáîëåå ìíîãî÷èñëåííû íà ìåëêîâîäüå. Materials and Methods Pandalus borealis eous è Chionoecetes opilio äîìèíè- ðîâàëî â òðàëîâûõ óëîâàõ íà ãëóáèíå îò 200 äî 300 Most of 6100 specimens of 32 species of Decapoda were ì. Äëÿ âñåõ îáíàðóæåííûõ âèäîâ ïðèâåäåíû äàííûå collected during the expedition of the Pacific Research Centre ïî èçìåí÷èâîñòè, ðàçìåðíîìó ñîñòàâó, âñòðå÷àåìî- for Marine Fisheries and oceanography (TINRO-Centre, Vladi- ñòè ÿéöåíîñíûõ ñàìîê. vostok) and the Russian Federal Institute for Marine Fisheries Äåòàëüíî èññëåäîâàíû âòîðè÷íûå ïîëîâûå ïðè- and Oceanology (VNIRO, Moscow) on board R/V Professor çíàêè Crangon communis äëÿ âûÿñíåíèÿ âîïðîñà, Levanidov in the southeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk ÿâëÿåòñÿ ëè äàííûé âèä ïðîòåðàíäðè÷åñêèì ãåð- (51°10′54°00′N). Ninety eight stations at depth from 20 to ìàôðîäèòîì. Îñîáè ñ ïåðåõîäàìè îò ïðèçíàêîâ ñàì- 300 m, were sampled between July, 1 and 20 in 1996. Samples öîâ ê ïðèçíàêàì ñàìîê íå îáíàðóæåíû. were obtained by an otter-trawl (28 m flat bottom trawl) with a mesh size of 45 mm supplied with a panel of 30 mm mesh net lining the cod end, and additionally by a dredge. The Introduction dredge had a mesh size of 10 mm and a rectangular mouth opening (120x40cm). All hauls lasted 30 minutes. The sta- Studies on the decapod crustaceans in the Sea of tions are listed in the appendix. Okhotsk have a rather long history. The first account of All decapod specimens were measured and sexed. After the Decapoda from the North-western Pacific including that most of specimens of non-commercial species (about the Sea of Okhotsk was published by Brandt [1851]. 3300 animals) were preserved in buffered 10% seawater Important papers which contain description of new formalin solution and later transferred to 70% ethyl alcohol. species from the Sea of Okhotsk, regional faunistic The carapace length (CL), from the base of eyestalk to the records and updates are those by Brajnikov [1907], posterior mid-dorsal edge of carapace was measured to the Rathbun [1924, 1925, 1930, 1932], Kobjakova [1936, nearest 0.1 mm for the shrimps. The maximum carapace width 1935], Makarov [1938], McLaughlin [1974], Hayashi (CW) was measured to the nearest 1 mm for the crabs. The maximal shield length (SL) from the base of eyestalk to the [1977]. Up to now the most comprehensive review of the posterior mid-dorsal point was measured in the hermit crabs. decapod fauna of the Sea of Okhotsk was presented by Shrimp specimens were sexed by examination of the en- Vinogradov [1947] who listed 91 species and subspe- dopodite of the first two pair of pleopods. The position of cies. Due to restrictions which existed in the USSR prior gonopore was used for the sex determination of hermit crabs. to the 1990s, Vinogradovs publication could not con- Crab specimens were sexed by examination of the abdomen tain the data on stations positions [Ivanov, 1992]. Later, and first two pair of pleopods. All preserved specimens are considerable part of the station data was lost and this is deposited in the Zoological Museum of Moscow State Uni- the reason why distribution data for the Sea of Okhotsk versity (ZMMU). decapods require re-consideration. Bottom water temperature was measured with a deep-sea Within the Sea of Okhotsk, the West Kamchatka protected reversing thermometer and bathythermograph. shelf remains the most extensively studied area. A per- sistent attention to this waters is due to a very abundant List of Decapoda collected by R/V Prof. Le- local stock of red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus vanidov (Tilesius, 1815) heavily exploited in recent years. The papers by Vinogradov [1945, 1946, 1947, 1969], Rodin [1967, 1969, 1985], and Chekunova [1969] built up the Family Pandalidae Haworth, 1825 basis of recent studies on population structure, migra- Genus Pandalus Leach, 1814 tions and reproduction of red king crab on the West Pandalus borealis eous Makarov, 1935 Kamchatka shelf. Larval biology of several species was Pandalus goniurus Stimpson, 1860 treated by Makarov [1966]. Distribution and biology of Family Hippolytidae Bate, 1888 other species in this area have been poorly studied while Genus Eualus Thallwitz, 1892 recent investigations of non-commercial species are Eualus fabricii (Kröyer, 1841) totally lacking. Also special trawl surveys became rare Eualus macilentus (Kröyer, 1842) in the 1990s. A detailed benthic survey conducted by the Eualus pusiolus (Kröyer, 1841) expedition on R/V Professor Levanidov in July 1996 Genus Lebbeus White, 1847 brought an extensive material which extends our knowl- Lebbeus groenlandicus (Fabricius, 1775) edge of the decapod fauna in the region. Genus Spirontocaris Bate, 1888 The present study is focused at occurrence, distribu-
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    HISTORIC NATURALIS CLASSICA, VIII HISTORIC NATURALIS CLASSICA EDIDERUNT J. CRAMER ET H.K.SWANN TOMUS vm BIBUOGRAPHY OF THE LARVAE OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEA AND LARVAE OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEA BY ROBERT GURNEY WITH 122 FIGURES IN THE TEXT REPRINTED 1960 BY H. R. ENGELMANN (J. CRAMER) AND WHELDON & WESLEY, LTD. WEINHEIM/BERGSTR. CODICOTE/HERTS. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LARVAE OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEA AND LARVAE OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEA BY ROBERT GURNEY WITH 122 FIGURES IN THE TEXT REPRINTED 1960 BY H. R. ENGELMANN (J. CRAMER) AND WHELDON & WESLEY, LTD. WEINHEIM/BERGSTR. CODICOTE/HERTS. COPYRIGHT 1939 & 1942 BY THfi RAY SOCIETY IN LONDON AUTHORIZED REPRINT COPYRIGHT OF THE SERIES BY J. CRAMER PUBLISHER IN WEINHEIM PRINTED IN GERMANY I9«0 i X\ T • THE RAY SOCIETY INSTITUTED MDCCCXLIV This volume (No. 125 of the Series) is issued to the Svhscribers to the RAY SOCIETY JOT the Year 1937. LONDON MCMXXXIX BIBLIOGKAPHY OF THE LARVAE OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEA BY ROBERT GURNEY, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S. LONDON PRINTED FOR THE RAT SOCIETY SOLD BT BERNARD QUARITCH, LTD. U, GBAFTOK STBKET, NBW BOND STEBBT, LONDON, "W. 1 1939 PRINTED BY ADLABD AND SON, LIMITED 2 1 BLOOJlSBUBY WAY, LONDON, W.C. I Madt and printed in Great Britain. CONTENTS PAOE PBBFACE . " V BiBUOGRAPHY CLASSIFIED LIST . 64 Macrura Natantia 64 Penaeidea 64 Caridea 70 Macrura Reptantia 84 Nephropsidea 84 Eryonidea 88 Scyllaridea 88 Stenopidea 91 Thalassinidea 92 Anomura ; 95 Galatheidea . 95 Paguridea 97 Hippidea 100 Dromiacea 101 Brachyura 103 Gymnopleura 103 Brachygnatha 103 Oxyrhyncha 113 Oxystomata . 116 INDEX TO GENERA 120 PREFACE IT has been my intention to publish a monograph of Decapod larvae which should contain a bibliography, a part dealing with a number of general questions relating to the post-embryonic development of Decapoda and Euphausiacea, and a series of sections describing the larvae of all the groups, so far as they are known.
  • Distribution, Abundance, and Diversity of Epifaunal Benthic Organisms in Alitak and Ugak Bays, Kodiak Island, Alaska

    Distribution, Abundance, and Diversity of Epifaunal Benthic Organisms in Alitak and Ugak Bays, Kodiak Island, Alaska

    DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND DIVERSITY OF EPIFAUNAL BENTHIC ORGANISMS IN ALITAK AND UGAK BAYS, KODIAK ISLAND, ALASKA by Howard M. Feder and Stephen C. Jewett Institute of Marine Science University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 Final Report Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program Research Unit 517 October 1977 279 We thank the following for assistance during this study: the crew of the MV Big Valley; Pete Jackson and James Blackburn of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Kodiak, for their assistance in a cooperative benthic trawl study; and University of Alaska Institute of Marine Science personnel Rosemary Hobson for assistance in data processing, Max Hoberg for shipboard assistance, and Nora Foster for taxonomic assistance. This study was funded by the Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior, through an interagency agreement with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, as part of the Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Environment Assessment Program (OCSEAP). SUMMARY OF OBJECTIVES, CONCLUSIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS WITH RESPECT TO OCS OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT Little is known about the biology of the invertebrate components of the shallow, nearshore benthos of the bays of Kodiak Island, and yet these components may be the ones most significantly affected by the impact of oil derived from offshore petroleum operations. Baseline information on species composition is essential before industrial activities take place in waters adjacent to Kodiak Island. It was the intent of this investigation to collect information on the composition, distribution, and biology of the epifaunal invertebrate components of two bays of Kodiak Island. The specific objectives of this study were: 1) A qualitative inventory of dominant benthic invertebrate epifaunal species within two study sites (Alitak and Ugak bays).
  • Coastal Marine Institute Epibenthic Community Variability on The

    Coastal Marine Institute Epibenthic Community Variability on The

    University of Alaska Coastal Marine Institute Epibenthic Community Variability on the Alaskan Beaufort Sea Continental Shelf Principal Investigator: Brenda Konar, University of Alaska Fairbanks Collaborator: Alexandra M. Ravelo, University of Alaska Fairbanks Final Report May 201 3 OCS Study BOEM 2013-01148 Contact Information: email: [email protected] phone: 907.474.6782 fax: 907.474.7204 Coastal Marine Institute School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks P. O. Box 757220 Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) through Cooperative Agreement M11AC00002 between BOEM, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. This report, OCS Study BOEM 2013-01148, is available through the Coastal Marine Institute, select federal depository libraries and http://www.boem.gov/Environmental-Stewardship/Environmental-Studies/Alaska-Region/Index.aspx. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. Contents Figures ............................................................................................................................................. iii Tables .............................................................................................................................................
  • Invertebrate ID Guide

    Invertebrate ID Guide

    11/13/13 1 This book is a compilation of identification resources for invertebrates found in stomach samples. By no means is it a complete list of all possible prey types. It is simply what has been found in past ChesMMAP and NEAMAP diet studies. A copy of this document is stored in both the ChesMMAP and NEAMAP lab network drives in a folder called ID Guides, along with other useful identification keys, articles, documents, and photos. If you want to see a larger version of any of the images in this document you can simply open the file and zoom in on the picture, or you can open the original file for the photo by navigating to the appropriate subfolder within the Fisheries Gut Lab folder. Other useful links for identification: Isopods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-33/htm/doc.html http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-48/htm/doc.html Polychaetes http://web.vims.edu/bio/benthic/polychaete.html http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-34/htm/doc.html Cephalopods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-44/htm/doc.html Amphipods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-67/htm/doc.html Molluscs http://www.oceanica.cofc.edu/shellguide/ http://www.jaxshells.org/slife4.htm Bivalves http://www.jaxshells.org/atlanticb.htm Gastropods http://www.jaxshells.org/atlantic.htm Crustaceans http://www.jaxshells.org/slifex26.htm Echinoderms http://www.jaxshells.org/eich26.htm 2 PROTOZOA (FORAMINIFERA) ................................................................................................................................ 4 PORIFERA (SPONGES) ............................................................................................................................................... 4 CNIDARIA (JELLYFISHES, HYDROIDS, SEA ANEMONES) ............................................................................... 4 CTENOPHORA (COMB JELLIES)............................................................................................................................
  • The Sound Biodiversity, Threats, and Transboundary Protection.Indd

    The Sound Biodiversity, Threats, and Transboundary Protection.Indd

    2017 The Sound: Biodiversity, threats, and transboundary protection 2 Windmills near Copenhagen. Denmark. © OCEANA/ Carlos Minguell Credits & Acknowledgments Authors: Allison L. Perry, Hanna Paulomäki, Tore Hejl Holm Hansen, Jorge Blanco Editor: Marta Madina Editorial Assistant: Ángeles Sáez Design and layout: NEO Estudio Gráfico, S.L. Cover photo: Oceana diver under a wind generator, swimming over algae and mussels. Lillgrund, south of Øresund Bridge, Sweden. © OCEANA/ Carlos Suárez Recommended citation: Perry, A.L, Paulomäki, H., Holm-Hansen, T.H., and Blanco, J. 2017. The Sound: Biodiversity, threats, and transboundary protection. Oceana, Madrid: 72 pp. Reproduction of the information gathered in this report is permitted as long as © OCEANA is cited as the source. Acknowledgements This project was made possible thanks to the generous support of Svenska PostkodStiftelsen (the Swedish Postcode Foundation). We gratefully acknowledge the following people who advised us, provided data, participated in the research expedition, attended the October 2016 stakeholder gathering, or provided other support during the project: Lars Anker Angantyr (The Sound Water Cooperation), Kjell Andersson, Karin Bergendal (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Malmö/Skåne), Annelie Brand (Environment Department, Helsingborg municipality), Henrik Carl (Fiskeatlas), Magnus Danbolt, Magnus Eckeskog (Greenpeace), Søren Jacobsen (Association for Sensible Coastal Fishing), Jens Peder Jeppesen (The Sound Aquarium), Sven Bertil Johnson (The Sound Fund), Markus Lundgren
  • Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet

    Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet

    Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet Nora R. Foster Principal Investigator Additional Researchers: Dennis Lees Sandra C. Lindstrom Sue Saupe Final Report OCS Study MMS 2010-005 November 2010 This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) through Cooperative Agreement No. 1435-01-02-CA-85294, Task Order No. 37357, between BOEMRE, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. This report, OCS Study MMS 2010-005, is available from the Coastal Marine Institute (CMI), School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220. Electronic copies can be downloaded from the MMS website at www.mms.gov/alaska/ref/akpubs.htm. Hard copies are available free of charge, as long as the supply lasts, from the above address. Requests may be placed with Ms. Sharice Walker, CMI, by phone (907) 474-7208, by fax (907) 474-7204, or by email at [email protected]. Once the limited supply is gone, copies will be available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, or may be inspected at selected Federal Depository Libraries. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet Nora R.