FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE Translation Series No. 3889 RE R. Decapoda, Pantopoda LIBRARY FISHERIES AND OCEANS BIBLIOTHÈQUE PELHLS ET OCÉANS by V. A. Yashnov and E. S. Bronshtein Original title: Desyatinogiye raki, Piknogony From: In Keys to the fauna and flora of northern seas of the USSR, 1948 p. 328-351 Translated by the Translation Bureau (NDe) Multilingual Services Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Department of the Environment Fisheries and Marine Service Freshwater Institute Winnipeg, Man. 1976 43 pages typescript .t Follinw3n>9 DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS É+ 4.i 11> MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES CANADA DIVISION MULTILINGUES TRANSLATED FROM — TRADUCTION DE INTO — EN Russian English AUTHOR — AUTEUR V.A. Yashnov, E.S. Bronshtein TITLE IN ENGLISH — TITRE ANGLAIS Decapoda, Pantopoda TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS) TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTERES ROMAINS) Desyatinogiye raki, Piknogony REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE,FOREIGN CHARACTERS. RÉFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), 'di COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACT'ERES ROMAINS. Opredelitel' fauny i flory severnykh morei SSSR REFERENCE IN ENGLISH — RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS Keys to the fauna and flora of the northern seas of the USSR PUBLISHER — ÉDITEUR PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL DATE OF PUBLICATION NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS not available DATE DE PUBLICATION L'ORIGINAL YEAR ISSUE NO. 328-351 VOLUME PLACE OF PUBLICATION ANNÉE NUMÉRO NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES LIEU DE PUBLICATION NOMBRE DE. PAGES USSR 1948 DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES 43 REQUESTING DEPARTMENT En v i ronmnt TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. 1101537• MINISTÈRE-CLIENT NOTRE DOSSIER N° BRANCH OR DIVISION TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) DIRECTION OU DIVISION Fisheries and Marine TRADUCTEUR (INITIA LES) N,, De. PERSON REQIIESTING K.E. Marshall DEMANDÉ PAR YOUR NUMBER VOTRE DOSSIER N° UNEDITED TRANSLATION e.Ct For informMion onfy DATE OF REQUEST DATE DE LA DEMANDE October 21, 1976 TRADUCTION NON REVI3EE Information seuloraent C) LU sOS-200-10.6 (REV. 2/88) 7630-21-029-5333 Secretary Secrétariat • 1101 of State d'eat e4-tt 3e89 TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES DWISION MULTILINGUES _ CLIENTS NO. DEPARTMENT DIVISION/BRANCH CITY N° DU CLIENT MINISTÉRE DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE Environment Fisheries & Marine Winnipeg, Man. BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE -_ TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) N° DU BUREAU LANGUE TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) 1101537 Russian N. De. DEC - 8 1975 Opredeliter fauny i flory severnykh morei SSSR, 1948, pp. 328-351 Lef,cererm Trci.nsurioN Order DECAPODA TRA17= By = =0 EE V.A. Yashnov informanon sou:erne:1f (328)* The Decapoda consist primarily of marine organisms which lead a benthic, much lesscommonly pelagic, mode of life. A large number of species inhabit tropical and temperate seas; a comparatively small number of species is encountered in the northern seas of the USSR. The body of Decapoda consists of a cephalothorax and abdomen (fig. 34). All the segments of the cephalothorax are covered with a carapace which is fused with them at the top; in rarer cases one or two of the last thoracomeres remain separate. In many species, primarily natatory ones, the anterior part of the carapace turns into a rostrum, the armature of which is of great -taxonomic significance; in bottom-dwelling species the rostrum is often reduced or absent altogether. The exterior of the carapace is : usually covered with spines, teeth or hairs, particularly in species with (329) highly calcareous integuments. The abdomen in the Macrura group is elongate, with well-developed and mobile segments bearing epimera along the sides; The numbers in the right-hand margin are the pages of the Russian text - translator. SEC 5-25T (6/76) in the Brachyura group it is contracted and bent under the cephalothorax; the abdomen of hermit crabs (Paguridae) resembles a soft, unsegmented sac, mostly spiral-shaped. The anterior end of the cephalothorax carries paired, stalked eyes, antennules and antennae. The antennules consist of a 3- segmented stem and two, less commonly three, flagella. -° Fig. 34 Decapoda (Sclerocrangon ferox). side view of female, Ab - abdomen, Cth - cephalothorax, al - antennule, a2 - antenna, enp - endopodite, exp - expodite, fl - flagellum, ml - maxil- lula, m2 - maxilla, md - mandible, mpl - first maxilliped, mp2 - second maxilliped, mp3 - third maxilliped, p thoracopods, p4 - fourth thoracopod, pl - pleopods, p14 - fourth pleopod, t telson, up - uropods. 3 The antennaeconsist of a stem in 2-5 segments and a multiarticulate flagell- um; in many species a process (exopodite) called the scaphocerite or squama, which resembles a spine or broad plate with a thickened outer edge bearing a tooth on the distal end, extends from the second segment of the stem. The mouth parts are formed by the mandibles, maxillulae, maxillae and three pairs of maxillipeds. The last five pairs of appendages of the cephalothorax are perefods. In a typical case, e.g., in members of the Macrura group (fig. 34), they consist of seven segments; the most clearly demarcated articulation is observed between the meropodite and carpopodite. In the majority of Anomura and Brachyura the basipodite and meropodite of the per^pods are fused together, due to which the legs consist of six segments. The per'eôpods of mature individuals are almost always uniramous,exopodites (330) being present only in a very small number of species. Gill appendages extend from the basal segments of the perepods; gill appendages may also be present on the lateral surface of the thoracic segments. The first pair of pereopods are almost always supplied with chelae (chelipeds); in many species chelae are present on other legs as well. In structure we dis- tinguish between the true chela and the false chela. The true chela (chela) is formed by two parallel fingers of equal length, of which the movable one is the last segment of the leg (dactylopodite) and the immovable one is formed by a long process (pollex) of the second last segment (pro- podite). The proximal part of the propodite from its base to the line passing through the articulation of the propodite with the dactylopodite is called the palma. In the false chela (sub-chela) the immovable finger is represented by a short process stemming from one of the corners of the anterior margin of the expanded propodite; the movable finger (dactylo- podite), which is articulated to the opposite corner of the propodite, pushes against its anterior edge when bent, touching the immovable finger 4 only with its tip. The abdominal appendages of Macrura consist of five pairs of biramous pleopods which are used for swimming and one pair of uropods. The pleopods of Anomura are reduced and are present on only some of the abdominal segments; uropods are almost always present. In Brachyura uropods are lacking altogether. All Decapoda are dioecious, hermaphroditism being observed in rare cases only. The eggs that the females carry on their pleopods for a more or less lengthy period of time develop into larvae which lead a free mode of life. During the development of decapods, various larval stages are formed, among which we distinguish the stage of nauplius, metanauplius, " protozoea, zoea, the mysis stadium and decapodite stadium. However, the development process does not always include all these stages, some are bypassed. Below (p. 24) we present keys to the larval stages of Decapoda and descriptions of the larvae of certain species. The order Decapoda falls into four suborders which are characterized by the following features: SuborderMacrura natantia(shrimps). Body more or less highly compressed laterally; abdomen longer than cephalothorax, with well-developed epimera. Rostrum almost always present. Antennae with large scaphocerites and long flagella. Pereopods long and slender. Pleopods biramous, adapted for swimming. Body integuments slightly calcareous. Sub- order includes the best swimmers among decapods. SuborderMacrura reptantia(lobsters and crayfish). Similar to members of preceding suborder in form of body. Distinguished by highly calcareous body integuments, as well as by strongly developed cheli- peds (those encountered in northern seas of the USSR). Lead benthic mode of life. SuborderAnomura. Form of body diverse. Abdomen elongate, or 5 flattened and bent under cephalothorax, or sa6ular and thin-walled. Scaphocerites usually present. First pair of pereopods bear chelae; fifth pair of pereopods always differs from third pair in size. Uropods usually, though not always, present. Crabs belonging to suborder Anomura (Lithodidae) distinguished from true crabs by the fact that the last pair of pereopods are highly reduced and bent under the cephalothorax, which gives these crabs (sometimes called craboids*) the appearance of having four pairs of legs; this feature makes it easy to distinguish "octopod" craboids from true decapod crabs. SuborderBrachyura(crabs). Cephalothorax highly expanded and flattened. Abdomen small, flattened, lacking uropods, bent under cephalo- thorax and, therefore, invisible from above. Antennules and antennae poorly developed. Body integuments highly calcareous. Typical bottom dwellers, only a few species able to swim. The Decapoda of the northern seas of the USSR have been studied more or less in detail. The Barents Sea is the most abundant in decapods. Decapoda are an important food for various types