DOCSLIB.ORG

Simulated Shrub Encroachment Impacts Function of Arctic Spider Communities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Simulated Shrub Encroachment Impacts Function of Arctic Spider Communities Simulated Shrub Encroachment Impacts Function Of Arctic Spider Communities by Geoffrey Boyd Legault A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Geoffrey B. Legault 2011 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-76825-9 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-76825-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. ii Simulated Shrub Encroachment Impacts Function Of Arctic Spider Communities Geoffrey Legault Master of Science Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2011 Abstract The projected increase in shrub abundance across sub-Arctic zones is expected to alter patterns of snow cover during the winter. As the amount of snow cover in an area impacts both melt date and winter snow pack, these changes may affect the phenology and survival of overwintering arthropods, such as spiders (Araneae). In this field study, we used snow fences to simulate shrub encroachment on a series of large (375 m2) tundra plots and examined the effects on the local spider assemblages during the following growing season. Snow fences increased winter snow cover and delayed snow melt in the treatment plots, paralleling the conditions of nearby shrub sites. Although our simulated shrub treatment did not affect the abundance or composition of spider communities over the season, adults from the dominant genus Pardosa (Lycosidae) had significantly higher body mass on treatment plots. This difference in mass was observed immediately following snow melt and persisted until halfway through the growing season. Given the importance of spiders as arthropod predators and as food sources for breeding birds, such a change in summer body mass could represent a significant shift in spiders’ functional contributions to Arctic ecosystems. ii iii Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. iv Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 13 References ..................................................................................................................................... 31 Appendix 1: Supplementary Figures and Tables .......................................................................... 39 iii iv List of Figures 1 (a) Photographs of snow fences and (b) a typical sampling plot ............................................. 19 2 Aerial view (partial) of study site ............................................................................................. 20 3 Relationship between (log) spiders body mass and (log) abdomen length .............................. 21 4 Effectiveness of small-scare trenches at excluding spiders ..................................................... 22 5 Daily abundances of spiders over the season by treatment ...................................................... 23 6 ANOSIM comparison of spider communities over the season ................................................ 24 7 Penultimate and adult spider masses over the season by treatment ......................................... 25 8 Pardosa mass over the season by treatment ............................................................................ 26 9 Pardosa peak mass by site-specific winter snow depths ......................................................... 27 Appendix 1 (a) Average air and (b) surface temperatures over the season by treatment ............................ 39 2 Genera accumulation curves over the season ........................................................................... 40 3 Generic richness over the season by treatment ........................................................................ 41 4 May air temperatures for Churchill, Manitoba from 1945-2010 ............................................. 42 iv v List of Tables 1 Season-wide catches of spider genera on heath tundra sites .................................................... 28 2 Repeated-measures ANOVA on Pardosa body mass .............................................................. 29 3 ANOVA comparison of spider masses by genera over the season .......................................... 30 Appendix 1 Shapiro-Wilk normality scores for daily spider abundances by treatment .............................. 43 2 Results of repeated-measures ANOVAs on seasonal spider abundances by genera ............... 44 3 Results of Wilcoxon rank-sum tests on season spider abundances by genera ......................... 45 4 Similarity percentages analysis (SIMPER) of spider communities ......................................... 46 5 Results of Wilcoxon rank-sum tests on seasonal spider masses by genera ............................. 47 v 1 Introduction Recent environmental changes across the Arctic are well documented (Serreze et al., 2000; Peterson et al., 2002; Hinzman et al., 2005) and have been associated with changes to the surface vegetation (Stow et al., 2004; Johansson et al., 2006; Olthof et al., 2009; Forbes et al., 2010; Hill & Henry, 2011). The expansion of deciduous shrubs (in particular, Betula, Salix, and Aldus species) has been especially significant on the tundra and boreal forest-tundra ecotone (Sturm et al., 2001a; Tape et al., 2006; Hudson & Henry, 2009), with an average increase in landscape coverage of approximately 5-15% over the past half century. Experimental work suggests that such shrub encroachment is driven largely by increased fertilization (Press et al., 1998; Dormann & Woodin, 2002; van Wijk et al., 2004) as a result of temperature-induced shifts in litter decomposition (Cornelissen et al., 2007), mineralization (Rustad et al., 2001; Rinnan et al., 2007), spring melt date (Stone et al., 2002) and other factors (Wookey et al., 1993; Wahren et al., 2005; Walker et al., 2006; Hudson et al., 2011). Moreover, the presence of shrubs may facilitate intraspecific recruitment and growth by increasing winter nutrient release (Sturm et al., 2001b; Sturm et al., 2005), which would create a feedback mechanism where shrub coverage could continue to increase without an associated increase in air temperatures. Among the consequences of increased shrub cover in the Arctic is higher winter snow pack due partly to a reduction in the wind-driven sublimation of snow directly upwind and downwind of the shrub stems. The tendency of tall shrubs to act as ‘wind breaks’ on the otherwise flat tundra region can also affect how wind distributes snow across the landscape, with areas of high shrub cover typically acquiring higher amounts of snow. Using simulations, Liston et al. (2002) found that increased shrub cover could decrease snow sublimation by 20% or more across a landscape and produce a roughly equivalent increase in winter snow cover. In the field, Pomeroy et al. (2006) found that the influence of shrub coverage on snow cover was even more 2 pronounced, with snow depths in shrub dominated tundra sites on average twice that of nearby shrub-free sites receiving similar levels
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Influence of Stand-Alone Trees on Epigeic Spiders (Araneae) at the Alpine Timberline
    Ann. Zool. Fennici 44: 43–57 ISSN 0003-455X Helsinki 15 March 2007 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2007 Influence of stand-alone trees on epigeic spiders (Araneae) at the alpine timberline Holger Frick1,2, Wolfgang Nentwig1 & Christian Kropf2 1) Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland (e-mails: [email protected], [email protected]) 2) Natural History Museum Bern, Department of Invertebrates, Bernastrasse 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland (e-mail: [email protected]) Received 15 Apr. 2006, revised version received 5 Aug. 2006, accepted 9 June 2006 Frick, H., Nentwig, W. & Kropf, C. 2007: Influence of stand-alone trees on epigeic spiders (Ara- neae) at the alpine timberline. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 44: 43–57. We studied community composition and activity densities of spiders around stand- alone Norway spruce at the alpine timberline with respect to three interrelated param- eters: (1) relative distance from tree trunk, (2) branch-, and (3) vegetation cover. Pitfall traps were positioned in an inner distance range (close to tree trunk), a median, and an outer distance range (at the outer limit of branch cover). Community composition: Linyphiid species numbers increased significantly towards the tree trunks where the branch cover was high, whereas lycosid and gnaphosid species numbers increased towards the edge where branch cover was low. Activity densities: 11 out of 14 species were significantly correlated with the relative distance to the tree trunk, ten with the branch cover, and two with vegetation cover. Open-land species preferred the outer distance range and forest species the inner distance range.
    [Show full text]
  • Rusça Örümcek Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Russian Spider Names
    Rusça Örümcek Adları Russian Spider Names Русские Названия Пауков ✎ Ümüt Çınar (Умют Чынар) Ekim 2011 KEÇİÖREN / ANKARA Турция for Yuriy Mihayloviç Marusik / Юрий Михайлович Марусик için Kmoksy birinci baskı www.kmoksy.com www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 1 Rusça Örümcek Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Russian Spider Names Adlandırma çevirisi, Rusça adlandırmanın birebir ya da yaklaşık anlamını verir, örümceğin Türkçe adını belirtmez. Bilimcelerin (латинское название) Rus harflerine transkripsiyonu (транскрипция на кириллице) tarama dışı bırakılmış ve sözlüğe alınmamıştır: Eupalaestrus campestratus (эупалеструс кампестратус) Rusça adlandırma çevirisi Russian bilimce literal translation Русский scientific name örümcekler пауки Araneae örümcek паук üye çekim / tekil (sg) çoğul (pl) declinatıon пауќ пауки́ nominative паука́ пауко́в genitive пауку́ паукам́ dative паука́ пауко́в accusative пауко́м паукам́ и instrumental пауке́ пауках́ prepositional örümceksel паучий sıfat biçimi : örümcek …. [s]ı/[s]i/[s]u/[s]ü örümcecik паучонок yavru / young örümcecik паучок паутина örümcek ağı / spider web тенѐтник (eski = стар.слав.) : паук, плетущий паутин тенѐтник : паук, плетущий тенёто осенний тенѐтник : осенняя паутина тенѐтные пауки 1. Sedentariae круготенѐтники 1.1. Orbitelariae сетчатники 1.2. Retitelariae трубчатники 1.3. Tubitelariae трубчатопаутинные пауки ? 1.4. Territelariae блуждающие пауки 2. Vagabundae koşanlar бегуни 2.1. Citigradae бокоходи 2.2. Laterigradae sıçrayanlar скакуни 2.3. Saltigradae iki gözlü örümcekler двуглазые пауки altı gözlü örümcekler шестиглазые
    [Show full text]
  • Simulated Shrub Encroachment Impacts Function of Arctic Spider Communities
    Simulated Shrub Encroachment Impacts Function Of Arctic Spider Communities by Geoffrey Boyd Legault A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Geoffrey B. Legault 2011 ii Simulated Shrub Encroachment Impacts Function Of Arctic Spider Communities Geoffrey Legault Master of Science Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2011 Abstract The projected increase in shrub abundance across sub-Arctic zones is expected to alter patterns of snow cover during the winter. As the amount of snow cover in an area impacts both melt date and winter snow pack, these changes may affect the phenology and survival of overwintering arthropods, such as spiders (Araneae). In this field study, we used snow fences to simulate shrub encroachment on a series of large (375 m2) tundra plots and examined the effects on the local spider assemblages during the following growing season. Snow fences increased winter snow cover and delayed snow melt in the treatment plots, paralleling the conditions of nearby shrub sites. Although our simulated shrub treatment did not affect the abundance or composition of spider communities over the season, adults from the dominant genus Pardosa (Lycosidae) had significantly higher body mass on treatment plots. This difference in mass was observed immediately following snow melt and persisted until halfway through the growing season. Given the importance of spiders as arthropod predators and as food sources for breeding birds, such a change in summer body mass could represent a significant shift in spiders’ functional contributions to Arctic ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloadable
    This publication was elaborated within BioREGIO Carpathians project supported by South East Europe Programme and was fi nanced by a Swiss-Slovak project supported by the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union and Carpathian Wetlands Initiative. Program švajčiarsko-slovenskej spolupráce Swiss-Slovak Cooperation Programme Slovenská republika CARPATHIAN RED LIST OF FOREST HABITATS AND SPECIES CARPATHIAN LIST OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES (DRAFT) THE STATE NATURE CONSERVANCY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC CARPATHIAN RED LIST OF FOREST HABITATS AND SPECIES CARPATHIAN LIST OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES (DRAFT) OF INVASIVE LIST AND SPECIES CARPATHIAN HABITATS OF FOREST RED LIST CARPATHIAN ISBN 978-80-89310-81-4 2014 oobalka_cervenebalka_cervene zzoznamy.inddoznamy.indd 1 225.9.20145.9.2014 221:41:521:41:52 CARPATHIAN RED LIST OF FOREST HABITATS AND SPECIES CARPATHIAN LIST OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES (DRAFT) PUBLISHED BY THE STATE NATURE CONSERVANCY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC 2014 Table of contents Draft Red Lists of Threatened Carpathian Habitats and Species and Carpathian List of Invasive Alien Species . 5 Draft Carpathian Red List of Forest Habitats . 20 Red List of Vascular Plants of the Carpathians . 44 Draft Carpathian Red List of Molluscs (Mollusca) . 106 Red List of Spiders (Araneae) of the Carpathian Mts. 118 Draft Red List of Dragonfl ies (Odonata) of the Carpathians . 172 © Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky, 2014 Red List of Grasshoppers, Bush-crickets and Crickets (Orthoptera) Editor: Ján Kadlečík of the Carpathian Mountains . 186 Available from: Štátna ochrana prírody SR Tajovského 28B Draft Red List of Butterfl ies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Carpathian Mts. 200 974 01 Banská Bystrica Slovakia Draft Carpathian Red List of Fish and Lamprey Species .
    [Show full text]
  • Araneae.It: the Online Catalog of Italian Spiders, with Addenda on Other Arachnid Orders Occurring in Italy
    Fragmenta entomologica, 51 (2): 127–152 (2019) eISSN: 2284-4880 (online version) pISSN: 0429-288X (print version) Research article Submitted: May 20th, 2019 - Accepted: September 8th, 2019 - Published: November 15th, 2019 Araneae.it: the online Catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other Arachnid Orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae) Paolo PANTINI 1, Marco ISAIA 2,* 1 Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi” - Piazza Cittadella 10, I-24129 Bergamo, Italy - [email protected] 2 Laboratorio di Ecologia, Ecosistemi terrestri, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino Via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10123 Torino, Italy - [email protected] * Corresponding author Abstract In this contribution we present the Catalog of Italian spiders, produced on the base of the available scientific information regarding spi- der species distribution in Italy. We analysed an amount of 1124 references, resulting in a list of 1670 species and subspecies, grouped in 434 genera and 53 families. Information on spider biodiversity in Italy has increased rapidly in the last years, going from 404 species at the end of XIX century, to 1400 in the 1990s, to the current 1670. However, the knowledge on the distribution of the Italian species is far from being complete and it seems likely that there are still new species to be found or described. The Italian spider fauna is character- ized by the presence of a relevant number of endemic species (342). Concerning families, Linyphiidae show the highest number of spe- cies (477) and the highest number of endemics (114).
    [Show full text]
  • Enlisting the Diversity of Orb-Weavers of Asia As Well As Endemic Orb-Weaving Species of India
    © 2016. Indian Journal of Arachnology 5 (1-2): 176-304 ISSN 2278-1587 (Online) ENLISTING THE DIVERSITY OF ORB-WEAVERS OF ASIA AS WELL AS ENDEMIC ORB-WEAVING SPECIES OF INDIA Anuradha Rajoria* and Harishant Jadhao** *Department of Zoology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Maharashtra [email protected], ** [email protected] ABSTRACT The present enlisting of the orb-weavers of Asia is done in order to understand the generic as well as species abundance of the orb-weaving families which are recorded from Asian continent till date. This enlisting also highlights the species of the orb-weaving families which are endemic to India. This is a simple, sorted compilation of the diversity of Asian Orb-weavers. Keywords: Asia, India, Araneae, endemic, orb-weavers, spider fauna. INTRODUCTION “Orb-Weavers” as we know, are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel- shaped webs often found in gardens, fields and forests. Their common name is taken from the round shape of this typical web, and the taxon was formerly also referred to as the Orbiculariae and are basically categorized under the Superfamilies Araneoidea, Cyatholipoidea, Deinopoidea, Linyphioidea, Symphytognathoidea and Theridioidea. A total of 20 families are categorised within these superfamilies, while Asian continent records 15 families viz., Anapidae Simon, 1895; Araneidae Clerck, 1757; Deinopidae C.L. Koch, 1850; Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859; Mimetidae Simon, 1881; Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch, 1928; Nephilidae Simon, 1894; Nesticidae Simon, 1894; Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986; Symphytognathidae Hickman, 1931; Synaphridae Wunderlich, 1986; Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866; Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833; Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 and Uloboridae Thorell, 1869. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present work is based on the review of the orb-weaving families which are included in Platnick’s World Spider Catalog and recently uploaded online version of World Spider Catalog (2016) and also by consulting published books, materials and available literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnida: Araneae) Diversity Across an Alpine Timberline
    Insect Conservation and Diversity (2009) 2, 36–44 Co-existenceBlackwell Publishing Ltd of divergent communities at natural boundaries: spider (Arachnida: Araneae) diversity across an alpine timberline PATRICK MUFF, 1 CHRISTIAN KROPF,1 HOLGER FRICK,1 WOLFGANG NENTWIG2 and MARTIN H. SCHMIDT-ENTLING2 1Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, Bern, Switzerland, and 2Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland Abstract. 1. Habitat boundaries can contain high biodiversity because they potentially combine species from two habitat types plus additional boundary specialists. However, most research on animal communities is focused on uniform habitats. 2. Here, we assessed the degree to which the community change at a habitat edge is determined by the broad-scale spatial transition from one habitat to the other, or by fine- scale environmental influences. We compared the distribution of ground-dwelling spider species from open land to forest with the distribution around stand-alone trees at the boundary, the alpine timberline (Grisons, Switzerland). 3. Our results showed that spiders were more strongly influenced by local environ- mental conditions (40% of explained variation) than by the spatial position within the ecotone (24.5% of explained variation, with 15.6% overlap between the two). Spider communities differentiated according to light availability and corresponding changes in the ground vegetation. 4. Since the small area around a single tree at the studied timberline offered a similar broad spectrum of environmental conditions as the open land and forest together, it pro- vided both habitats for species from the adjoining open land and forest as well as for some possible timberline specialists.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Italian Spiders
    Checklist of the Italian spiders (Version December 2014) By Paolo Pantini and Marco Isaia INTRODUCTION Knowing the biodiversity of a certain area primarily means understanding the quantity and the quality of the taxa inhabiting it. Such kind of information represents the basis for all scientific studies focusing on any species occurring in a specific area. In addition, biodiversity data are essential for nature conservation, fruition and management. Thanks to the publication of the Checklist of the Italian species of Animals (Minelli, Ruffo & La Posta, 1993- 1995), Italy is the first country in Europe organizing a national-based faunistic census. Some years later, the CKMap Project (Ruffo & Stoch, 2005) aimed to quantify and consolidate the knowledge of biodiversity in Italy. Despite these important research projects, knowledge on Italian biodiversity still remains far from being complete, in particular when considering Invertebrates (Ruffo & Vigna Taglianti, 2002). Among Invertebrates, spiders are highly diverse predators, capable of colonizing all terrestrial habitats. Moreover, given their sensibility to human-induced environmental changes and their strategic position in the food chain, spiders are particularly important in ecological studies. In this comprehensive work, we aim at providing an updated framework of the knowledge on the Italian spiders. SOURCES The new checklist has been developed in the frame of a wider project aiming to realize a comprehensive Catalog of the Italian spiders based on all available published scientific information, including data on biogeography, bibliography and taxonomy of all the spider species occurring in Italy. Given the lack of a recapitulatory work on the Italian spider fauna, we firstly aim at assembling a complete and updated bibliography.
    [Show full text]
  • Commented Checklist of the Spider Species (Araneae) in the Caucasus Ecoregion
    Caucasian Spiders Database Version 1.4.3 (20 October 2015) Commented Checklist of the Spider Species (Araneae) in the Caucasus Ecoregion Stefan Otto* GutsMuthsstr. 42, 04177 Leipzig, Germany. Email: s.otto [email protected] Contents Introduction2 Methods 3 Commented Checklist3 List of doubtful and erroneous Species Records 56 Acknowledgements 59 References 59 Additional References 80 Index 81 Appendix 95 Abstract: The commented checklist is based on 275 publications with occurrence data on spiders in the Caucasus Ecoregion (13321 records of 1107 species. The number of records as well as its abundance status is given for each species. The list of doubtful and erroneous species records contains another 57 species, which are either invalid species or their species records in the Caucasus Ecoregion are based on doubtful records, misidentifications or related reasons. A record density map for the Caucasus Ecoregion is provided. http://caucasus-spiders.info/checklist/ 1 Caucasian Spiders Database Introduction Introduction The Caucasus Ecoregion (hencefourth termed 'CE') is one of the global biodiversity hotspots. Despite having been studied for nearly 150 years, the species numbers of invertebrate taxa in this ecoregion (and almost all other ecoregions as well) remain obscure due to lack of diversity databases, unresolved taxonomic/systematic questions and insufficient research efforts, e.g. local and regional faunistic studies. Since the first species censuses for the countries of the former USSR (Mikhailov 1997- 2000) and a summary on the spider fauna of the Caucasus (Marusik et al. 2006), the species number of the spiders in the CE has risen to well above one thousand species. In recent years regularly updated information on the occurence status, taxonomy and determination of spider species in the CE has become easily available through internet ressource, e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spiders of Greenland - a Checklist (Arachnida: Araneae)
    The spiders of Greenland - a checklist (Arachnida: Araneae) Sidsel Larsen & Nikolaj Scharff Larsen, S. & N. Scharff: The spiders of Greenland- a checklist (Arachnida; Ara­ neae). Ent. Meddr. 71: 53-61, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2003. ISSN 0013-8851. The latest checklist of spiders from Greenland was published by Ake Holm in 1967 and included 64 species. The names for more than half of the species in his checklist are no longer valid, and additional species have been recorded as new for Greenland since then. The total number of spider species now known from Greenland is 70. This figure includes all species mentioned in the litera­ ture up to 2001 and species present in the spider collection at the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen. This museum probably holds the largest and most com­ prehensive reference collection of spiders from Greenland. Only 10 families of spiders have been recorded from Greenland and the majority of species (64%) belongs to the family Linyphiidae. Web builders constitute 81.4% of the species and the conspicuous wolf spiders 11%. Spiders of the family Salticidae (jump­ ing spiders) were reported from Greenland by 0. Fabricius in 1780, but have never been re-collected. The species richness represents accumulated richness. The actual richness (in­ stantaneous richness) of any given site in Greenland is much smaller. There are only very few published records. The largest number of species that has been found at any given locality during a short-term survey is 18. The species richness of Greenland is low compared to that of other northern areas, and is to be explained by the isolated position of Greenland and its short postglacial colonization.
    [Show full text]
  • SPIDERS of Kazakhstan
    sPIDERs of KazaKhstan by D.V. Logunov & A.V. Gromov with illustrations by Vladimir A. Timokhanov First Published by Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, UK This and similar titles are available directly from the publisher at: http://www.siriscientificpress.co.uk ISBN 978-0-9567795-6-4 © 2012, Siri Scientific Press. All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be repro- duced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This does not cover photographs and other illustrations provided by third parties, who retain copyright of their images. © 2012, Text by Dmitri V. Logunov and Alexander V. Gromov © 2012, Illustrations and design by Vladimir A. Timokhanov (ArtStudio, Almaty). Cover image and previous page: Allohogna singoriensis, a large Central Asian species of bor- rowing wolf-spider (family Lycosidae). Dedicated to Sergei V. Ovtchinnikov (1958–2007) SpiderS of KAZAKHSTAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS he idea of preparing a popular book on the spiders of Kazakhstan was initiated Tby Sergei V. Ovtchinnikov (1958–2007), our friend and colleague, and a tireless explorer of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan, who tragically passed away in 2007 and to whom we dedicate this book. We wish to express our gratitude to the following fellow-arachnologists who helped us in gathering information about various arachnid groups: Alexei V. Chem- eris (Tomsk, Russia; Opiliones), Selvin Dashdamirov (Dusseldorf, Germany; Pse- doscorpiones), Victor Ya. Fet (Huntington, USA; Scorpiones), Bernhard A. Huber (Bonn, Germany; Araneae: Pholcidae), Mark Judson (Paris, France; Psedoscorpi- ones), Irina I. Marchenko (Novosibirsk, Russia; Acari), Yuri M.
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnida, Araneae) Inventory of Kilpisjärvi, Finland
    Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e56486 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e56486 Data Paper Standardised spider (Arachnida, Araneae) inventory of Kilpisjärvi, Finland Niina Kiljunen‡,§, Timo Pajunen |, Caroline Fukushima‡, Arttu Soukainen‡‡, Jaakko Kuurne , Tuuli Korhonen‡‡, Joni Saarinen , Ilari Falck‡§, Erkka Laine , Stefano Mammola‡,¶, Fernando Urbano‡, Nuria Macías-Hernández‡‡, Pedro Cardoso ‡ Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland § Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland | Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ¶ Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute, National Research Council (CNR-IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, Italy Corresponding author: Pedro Cardoso ([email protected]) Academic editor: Facundo Martín Labarque Received: 14 Jul 2020 | Accepted: 14 Sep 2020 | Published: 17 Sep 2020 Citation: Kiljunen N, Pajunen T, Fukushima C, Soukainen A, Kuurne J, Korhonen T, Saarinen J, Falck I, Laine E, Mammola S, Urbano F, Macías-Hernández N, Cardoso P (2020) Standardised spider (Arachnida, Araneae) inventory of Kilpisjärvi, Finland. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e56486. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e56486 Abstract Background A spider taxonomy and ecology field course was organised in Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, northern Finland, in July 2019. During the course, four 50 × 50 m plots in mountain birch forest habitat were sampled following a standardised protocol. In addition to teaching and learning about spider identification, behaviour, ecology and sampling, the main aim of the course was to collect comparable data from the Kilpisjärvi area as part of a global project, with the purpose of uncovering global spider diversity patterns. New information A total of 2613 spiders were collected, of which 892 (34%) were adults.
    [Show full text]