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Enlisting the Diversity of Orb-Weavers of Asia As Well As Endemic Orb-Weaving Species of India

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Enlisting the Diversity of Orb-Weavers of Asia As Well As Endemic Orb-Weaving Species of India © 2016. Indian Journal of Arachnology 5 (1-2): 176-304 ISSN 2278-1587 (Online) ENLISTING THE DIVERSITY OF ORB-WEAVERS OF ASIA AS WELL AS ENDEMIC ORB-WEAVING SPECIES OF INDIA Anuradha Rajoria* and Harishant Jadhao** *Department of Zoology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Maharashtra [email protected], ** [email protected] ABSTRACT The present enlisting of the orb-weavers of Asia is done in order to understand the generic as well as species abundance of the orb-weaving families which are recorded from Asian continent till date. This enlisting also highlights the species of the orb-weaving families which are endemic to India. This is a simple, sorted compilation of the diversity of Asian Orb-weavers. Keywords: Asia, India, Araneae, endemic, orb-weavers, spider fauna. INTRODUCTION “Orb-Weavers” as we know, are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel- shaped webs often found in gardens, fields and forests. Their common name is taken from the round shape of this typical web, and the taxon was formerly also referred to as the Orbiculariae and are basically categorized under the Superfamilies Araneoidea, Cyatholipoidea, Deinopoidea, Linyphioidea, Symphytognathoidea and Theridioidea. A total of 20 families are categorised within these superfamilies, while Asian continent records 15 families viz., Anapidae Simon, 1895; Araneidae Clerck, 1757; Deinopidae C.L. Koch, 1850; Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859; Mimetidae Simon, 1881; Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch, 1928; Nephilidae Simon, 1894; Nesticidae Simon, 1894; Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986; Symphytognathidae Hickman, 1931; Synaphridae Wunderlich, 1986; Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866; Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833; Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 and Uloboridae Thorell, 1869. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present work is based on the review of the orb-weaving families which are included in Platnick’s World Spider Catalog and recently uploaded online version of World Spider Catalog (2016) and also by consulting published books, materials and available literature. Out of the 20 orb-weaving families, 15 families are recorded from Asian Continent and 11 families from India are included in this paper. The endemic species of India are underlined. Here, New Guinea and Georgia are also included, since New Guinea shares the Asia-Australia Transition zone while Georgia, a country at the intersection of Europe and Asia. Abbreviations used: ♂ = male, ♀ = female, j = juvenile, * = type species of the genus 1. FAMILY ANAPIDAE Simon, 1895 Genera Species Sex Distribution Borneanapis Snazell, 2009 belalong Snazell, 2009 ♂♀ Borneo hatsushibai Ono, 2005 ♂♀ Japan maculosa Oi, 1960 ♂♀ China, Korea, Japan Comaroma Bertkau, 1889 nakahirai (Yaginuma, 1959) ♀ Japan tongjunca Zhang & Chen, 1994 ♂♀ China December, 2016 176 Diversity of orb-weavers of Asia Rajoria & Jadhao grossus (Forster, 1959) ♂ New Guinea Conculus Komatsu, 1940 lyugadinus Komatsu, 1940 * ♂♀ China, Korea, Japan simboggulensis Paik, 1971 ♂♀ Korea Enielkenie Ono, 2007 acaroides Ono, 2007 * ♂♀ Taiwan Gaiziapis Miller, Griswold & Yin, encunensis Lin & Li, 2012 ♂♀ China 2009 zhizhuba Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 * ♂♀ China Guiniella Rix & Harvey, 2010 tropica (Forster, 1959)* ♂♀ New Guinea montisemodi (Brignoli, 1978) ♂♀ Nepal Metanapis Brignoli, 1981 tectimundi (Brignoli, 1978) ♀ Nepal Minanapis Platnick & Forster, menglunensis Lin & Li, 2012 ♂♀ China 1989 Japan, Hawaii, Caroline aloha Forster, 1959 ♂♀ ls., Queensland (Britain, Germany, introduced) namkhan Lin, Li & Jäger, 2013 ♂ Laos Pseudanapis Simon, 1905 Laos, Malaysia, Sumatra, parocula (Simon, 1899) * ♂♀ Java serica Brignoli, 1981 ♀ Hong Kong wilsoni Forster, 1959 ♂♀ New Guinea crassitarsa Wunderlich & Song, 1995 * ♂ China, Vietnam, Laos Sinanapis Wunderlich & Song, lingituba Lin & Li, 2012 ♂♀ China 1995 wuyi Jin & Zhang, 2013 ♀ China Zangherella Caporiacco, 1949 apuliae (Caporiacco, 1949) ♂♀ Italy, Greece, Turkey 2. FAMILY ARANEIDAE Clerck, 1757 Actinacantha Simon, 1864 globulata (Walckenaer, 1841) * ♀ Sumatra, Java armida (Audouin, 1826) ♂♀ Palearctic armida orientalis (Kulczyński, 1901) ♀ Russia, China carbonaria (L. Koch, 1869) ♂♀ Palearctic carbonaria sinensis (Schenkel, 1953) ♂♀ China ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802) ♂♀ Palearctic luosangensis Yin et al., 1990 ♂♀ China matsudae Tanikawa, 1994 ♂♀ Japan North America, Russia, packardi (Thorell, 1875) * ♂♀ China, Kazakhstan serpentina Guo & Zhang, 2010 ♂♀ China taibaishanensis Zhu & Wang, 1995 ♂♀ China Iran, Turkey, Russia, Georgia, talishia (Zawadsky, 1902) ♂♀ Azerbaijan callidus Schmidt & Scharff, 2008 ♀ Sulawesi coccineus Simon, 1895 * ♂♀ China to Moluccas Acusilas Simon, 1895 dahoneus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 ♀ Philippines lepidus (Thorell, 1898) ♂ Myanmar Indian Journal of Arachnology 5 (1-2) 177 Diversity of orb-weavers of Asia Rajoria & Jadhao Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, malaccensis Murphy & Murphy, 1983 ♂♀ Sumatra, Borneo spiralis Schmidt & Scharff, 2008 ♂ Sumatra vei Schmidt & Scharff, 2008 ♂ Sulawesi vilei Schmidt & Scharff, 2008 ♂ Sulawesi liriope (L. Koch, 1875) ♂♀ Ethiopia, Yemen Agalenatea Archer, 1951 redii (Scopoli, 1763) * ♂♀ Palearctic fuscocolorata (Bösenberg & Strand, ♂♀ China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan 1906) * Alenatea Song & Zhu, 1999 touxie Song & Zhu, 1999 ♀ China wangi Zhu & Song, 1999 ♀ China buchi Chrysanthus, 1969 ♀ New Guinea, Solomon Is. depressum (Thorell, 1877) ♂♀ China, Myanmar to Sulawesi depressum birmanicum (Thorell, 1895) ♀ Myanmar fuscolimbatum (Simon, 1901) ♀ Malaysia hammeni Chrysanthus, 1969 ♀ New Guinea jacobsoni Chrysanthus, 1961 ♀ Indonesia japonicum Yaginuma, 1962 ♂♀ China, Thailand, Japan maculatum (Thorell, 1897) ♀ Myanmar Anepsion Strand, 1929 India, Sri Lanka, China to maritatum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877) ♂♀ Sulawesi Australia, New Guinea, peltoides (Thorell, 1878) ♂♀ Bismarck Arch. reimoseri Chrysanthus, 1961 ♀ New Guinea Taiwan, Philippines, Riouw roeweri Chrysanthus, 1961 ♂♀ Is. villosum (Thorell, 1877) ♀ Sulawesi wichmanni (Kulczyński, 1911) ♂♀ New Guinea angura Tikader, 1970 ♀ India caudatella Roewer, 1942 ♀ New Guinea heptotubercula Yin, Hu & Wang, 1983 ♂♀ China logio Yaginuma, 1956 ♂♀ China, Korea, Japan Arachnura Vinson, 1863 melanura Simon, 1867 ♂♀ India to Japan and Sulawesi perfissa (Thorell, 1895) ♀ Myanmar pygmaea (Thorell, 1890) ♂ Nias Is. quinqueapicata Strand, 1911 ♀ Aru Is spinosa (Saito, 1933) ♀ Taiwan acrocephalus (Thorell, 1887) ♀ Myanmar acropygus (Thorell, 1877) ♀ Sulawesi Araneus Clerck, 1757 acusisetus Zhu & Song, 1994 ♂♀ China, Korea, Japan affinis Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988 ♂ China aksuensis Yin, Xie & Bao, 1996 ♀ China Indian Journal of Arachnology 5 (1-2) 178 Diversity of orb-weavers of Asia Rajoria & Jadhao albabdominalis Zhu et al., 2005 ♂♀ China albomaculatus Yin et al., 1990 ♂♀ China alboquadratus Dyal, 1935 ♀ Pakistan alsine (Walckenaer, 1802) ♂♀ Palearctic altitudinum Caporiacco, 1934 ♀ Karakorum amabilis Tanikawa, 2001 ♂♀ Japan anantnagensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 ♀ India anaspastus (Thorell, 1892) ♀ Singapore ancurus Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988 ♂♀ China angulatus Clerck, 1757 * ♂♀ Palearctic anjonensis Schenkel, 1963 ♀ China annuliger (Thorell, 1898) ♀ Myanmar apiculatus (Thorell, 1895) ♀ Myanmar Africa, São Tomé, Yemen, apricus (Karsch, 1884) ♀ Socotra aralis Bakhvalov, 1981 ♀ Kyrgyzstan arfakianus (Thorell, 1881) ♀ New Guinea asiaticus Bakhvalov, 1983 ♀ Kyrgyzstan auriculatus Song & Zhu, 1992 ♂♀ China badiofoliatus Schenkel, 1963 ♀ China badongensis Song & Zhu, 1992 ♂ China balanus (Doleschall, 1859) ♀ Amboina bantaengi Merian, 1911 ♀ Sulawesi basalteus Schenkel, 1936 j China bastarensis Gajbe, 2005 ♀ India beebei Petrunkevitch, 1914 ♀ Myanmar beijiangensis Hu & Wu, 1989 ♂♀ China bicavus Zhu & Wang, 1994 ♀ China bigibbosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885) j Yarkand bihamulus Zhu et al., 2005 ♂♀ China bilunifer Pocock, 1900 ♀ India bimaculicollis Hu, 2001 ♂♀ China biprominens Yin, Wang & Xie, 1989 ♂♀ China bipunctatus (Thorell, 1898) ♀ Myanmar blaisei Simon, 1909 ♀ Vietnam blochmanni (Strand, 1907) ♀ Java boerneri (Strand, 1907) ♂♀ India boerneri clavimaculus (Strand, 1907) ♀ India boerneri obscurellus (Strand, 1907) ♀ India boesenbergi (Fox, 1938) ♀ China borealis Tanikawa, 2001 ♂♀ Japan boreus Uyemura & Yaginuma, 1972 ♂♀ Japan Indian Journal of Arachnology 5 (1-2) 179 Diversity of orb-weavers of Asia Rajoria & Jadhao brisbanae (L. Koch, 1867) ♂♀ New Guinea, Australia camilla (Simon, 1889) ♀ India, Pakistan carnifex (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885) ♀ Yarkand catillatus (Thorell, 1895) j Myanmar caudifer Kulczyński, 1911 ♀ New Guinea celebensis Merian, 1911 ♂♀ Sulawesi cercidius Yin et al., 1990 ♂♀ China chunhuaia Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988 ♂♀ China chunlin Yin et al., 2009 ♂♀ China circe (Audouin, 1826) ♂♀ Palearctic circellus Song & Zhu, 1992 ♀ China circumbasilaris Yin et al., 1990 ♀ China colubrinus Song & Zhu, 1992 ♀ China New Guinea to New South cyrtarachnoides (Keyserling, 1887) ♂♀ Wales daozhenensis Zhu et al., 2005 ♂♀ China dayongensis Yin et al., 1990 ♀ China decaisnei (Lucas, 1863) ♀ Philippines decentellus (Strand, 1907) ♂ India, China depressatulus (Roewer, 1942) ♀ New Guinea diadematoides Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988 ♀ China diadematus Clerck, 1757 ♂♀ Holarctic diffinis Zhu, Tu & Hu, 1988 ♀ China doenitzellus (Strand, 1906) ♀ Japan dofleini (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) ♂♀ Japan dospinolongus Barrion & Litsinger, ♂ Philippines 1995 ejusmodi Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 ♂♀ China, Korea, Japan elatatus (Strand, 1911) ♀ Aru Is., Kei Is. Bangladesh, India, China, ellipticus (Tikader & Bal, 1981) ♂♀ Laos elongatus Yin, Wang & Xie, 1989 ♀ China India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, enucleatus (Karsch, 1879) ♀ Sumatra
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