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Lễ Cúng Cá Ông Beteckning: Rel D fält vt 2007:1 Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap Lễ Cúng Cá Ông The Beliefs & Traditional Worship of the Fishermen in Central Việt Nam Sandra Lantz Maj 2007 D-uppsats, 10 poäng Religionsvetenskap Religionsvetenskapliga fältstudier D Handledare: Olov Dahlin Abstract(s) Title: Lễ Cúng Cá Ông - The Beliefs & Traditional Worship of the Fishermen in Central Việt Nam Level: Degree of Master of Social Science Address: University of Gävle The Department of Humanities and Social Sciences S - 801 76 GÄVLE Sweden Telephone: +46-26-64 85 00 Fax: (+46) 26 64 85 86 Website: http://www.hig.se Author: Sandra Lantz [email protected] Date: 2007-01-30 Supervisor: PhD Olov Dahlin The purpose of this project, as a minor field study, is to study the fishermen and their beliefs and worship in Việt Nam. Since the worship of the fishermen exists all along the coast from the Gulf of Thailand in the south to Ha Long Bay and beyond in the north, the study is concentrated to the coastal area of central Việt Nam – that is in the Quảng Nam surroundings, mainly Hội An but also Đà Nẵng. The aspects of the representation of the worship in society as well as how it is looked upon by society, both religiously (according to tôn giáo) and politically, will also be dealt with. This study is based upon observation and non-structured interviews. Although partially being based upon Grounded theory, the study is theoretically inspired by Graham Harvey’s book Animism. Respecting the Living World. The outcome shows that the Cá Ông worship is based upon historical events and experiences. The worship, which is carried out among all fishermen, is similar throughout the coast though the dates of worship may vary. Politically the religion is not necessarily threatened, although the 1992 Constitution is some what ambiguous. In society, the religion is respected, but peasants do not intermingle in festival activities concerning the fisherman’s traditions. There are links to be found dealing with the arguments of Harvey when it comes to animist beliefs and features of Cá Ông. Keywords: Whale Cult; Whale religion; Whale worship; Cá Ông; religion and cult; Việt Nam; grounded theory; animism ii Titre: Lễ Cúng Cá Ông – La croyance en Adoration traditionnelle des pêcheurs au Viét Nam central Niveau: Les Études de champs scientifiques de religion D Adresse: L’Université de Gävle Département des Sciences Humaines et Sociales S -801 76 GÄVLE La Suède Téléphone: +46-26-64-85-00; Fax +46 26 64 85 86 Fax: (+46) 26 64 85 86 Website: http://www.hig.se Auteur: Sandra Lantz [email protected] Date: 2007-01-30 Instructeur: PhD Olov Dahlin Le but de cette étude de champ c’est d’étudier les pêcheurs de Viét Nam et leur confianceen et leur affection à Cá Ông. Puisque la confiance des pêcheurs dit-on existe le long du chemin du sud , de la baie de Thailand, à Ha Long Bay au nord, l’étude a été concentrée à la côte du Viét Nam central surtout la province de Quang Nam, concentrée à Hôi An et aussi Dà Nang. Comment la croyance des pêcheurs est representée dans la société et comment la société regarde la pratique vont être traité d’un perspectif politique et religieux. L’étude s’est basée sur l’observation participante sur des interviews semistructurelles. Partiellement la théorie est liée à l’Animisme respectant le monde vivant de Graham Harvey basé sur Grounded Theory. Le résumé montre que la croyance en Cà Ông est basée sur des événementset des experiences historiques. La prière pratiquée par tous les pêcheurs est faite à la même facon même si les dates pour les festivaux et les ceremonies diffèrent. Politiquement la croyance est respectée et en partie reconnue, mais les paysans n’assistent pas aux festivals concernant des traditions des pêcheurs. Il y a des parallèles entre l’opinion d’Harvey sur l’Animisme et les parties animistes trouvées dans la croyance en Cá Ông. Mots clés: Le Culte des baleines; La religion des baleines Cá Ông; religion et Culte; Viétnam; Théorie base; l’Animisme iii Tựa đề: Lễ Cúng Cá Ông Trình độ cấp: Khoa học đạo giáo lý, môn tự do D Địa chỉ: Trường đại học Gävle Con người và khoa học xã hội S - 801 76 GÄVLE Thuỵ điển Telephone: +46-26-64 85 00 Fax: (+46) 26 64 85 86 Website: http://www.hig.se Tác giả: Sandra Lantz [email protected] Date: 2007-01-30 Chủ nhiệm: PhD Olov Dahlin Nội dung của bài học tự do này là học và nguyên cứu về những người ngư dân ở việt nam về sự tín ngưỡng và tôn thờ của họ đối với Cá Ông (Whale). Theo những tin đồn của những người ngư dân đã cho thấy Cá Ông tồn tại dài theo biển của ThaiLan và xuống dưới phía nam của vịnh Hạ Long và sau đó tiếp tục lên phía bắc và ở đây bài luận này chỉ chú trọng nhất đến những ngư dân của vùng biển trung tâm Việt Nam tức là tỉnh Quảng nam, trong đó có Đà nẵng và chú trọng nhất là ở Hội An. Những gì tin, mê tín và tín ngưỡng của ngư dân là điển quan trọng được diễn biến thực tế trong xã hội đời sống ngay nay, và những gì xã hội thấy được sự thử thách sẽ diễn ra cả hai bên, như tôn giáo và cũng như trong lĩnh vực chính trị. Trong bài luận này cơ bản là gặp gở sinh viên đã trực tiếp quan sát và học hỏi những tư liệu cũng như những cuộc thẩm vấn thực tế. Lý thuyết của bài học này là một phần có liên quan đến Grahamn Harvey’s Animism. (Thuyết duy linh đối với duy vật) Respecting the Living World (Tôn trọng thế giới của sinh vật sống). Phần kết luận cho chúng ta thấy rằng sự tồn tại của Cá Ông là căn bản của những câu chuyện đã xảy ra va kinh nghiệm của ngư dân. Lễ cúng cá ông, được ngư dân thường tổ chức ở vùng biển và diễn ra hàng năm như thường lệ, nhưng ngày va mùa cúng thì có vùng lại khác nhau. Trong lĩnh vực chính trị cho thấy, sư tín ngưỡng của của ngư dân đã được tôn trọng và một phần được ông chứng trong xã hội, nhưng không phải ai cũng thờ cúng cá ông ví dụ, những người làm nghề nông thì khác chẳng hạn, họ không cúng Cá Ông như ngư dân làm biển. Ngược lại Lễ cúng cá ông đã trở thành một phong tục truyền thống của riêng ngư dân. Quan điểm của Harvey’s về thuyết duy linh đối với duy vật nó song song với nhưng linh thiêng vể, thần linh mà con người đối với Cá Ông. iv Acknowledgements There are several people I would like to thank from the bottom of my heart for helping me fulfil not only an astonishing assignment but also a magical period of my life that I forever will cherish. In Việt Nam Dũng: A great many thanks for taking me to the temples, for interpreting interviews and last but not least for showing interest in and sharing your own valuable knowledge on this subject. I would also like to thank you for giving me the opportunity to read the manuscript of Heonik Kwon! Gian and Vân: Thank you for helping me find informants and setting up meetings – what would I have done without you! I would also like to thank you for your great hospitality and kindness towards my children. Hải: Thank you for your valuable help of serving as a private driver any day at any time. Hội An Centre for Management and Preservation: Thank you for your effort in finding useful information of Lễ Cúng Cá Ông (Cá Ông worship) in Hội An. Phí: Thank you for transcribing Văn Tê Ông Ngú and for giving me a guide as how to use my keys in Vietnamese writing. I would also like to thank you for letting my family use your motorbike! Phúỏng and Khá: Thank you for your friendship, your wonderful meals and fresh seafood! Vân and Lars: Thank you so very much for giving my family a second home! Without you things would have been so much more difficult. Vân: thank you once more for your effort in translating texts and serving as my interpreter on a daily basis. Thank you also for translating my abstract and summary into Vietnamese. You are a true friend! I would also like to thank all my informants who, despite of the typhoon, took the time to answer my questions. I hope that I have made your answers justice and your beliefs acknowledged! In Sweden Anders: A great many thanks for all your help and engagement in your “spare” time! Anna: Thank you for looking after my plants and for making sure the mailbox did not explode! I owe you one, big time! Kurt: Thank you so much for looking after our house and checking the bills among other things. One can always count on you! v Mom and dad: Thank you for all your support and for encouraging me in my studies. Thank you also for taking care of things while away. Mom, thank you for always reading my essays and for showing interest in my assignments. Dad, I know it’s been hard on you – but now we are back, safe and sound! Olov Dahlin: Thank you for your quick replies on the mail whenever I was stuck and in need of instant help and also for giving me valuable pieces of advice.
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