DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Exotic-Species Afforestation on the Understory Vegetation of Santo Antao, Cape Verde Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of Exotic-Species Afforestation on the Understory Vegetation of Santo Antao, Cape Verde Islands EFFECTS OF EXOTIC-SPECIES AFFORESTATION ON THE UNDERSTORY VEGETATION OF SANTO ANTAO, CAPE VERDE ISLANDS By: W. Scott Benton A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN NATURAL RESOURCES College of Natural Resources UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN – STEVENS POINT Stevens Point, Wisconsin April 2015 APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE COMMITTEE OF: _______________________________________________________ Dr. Ron Crunkilton, Committee Chairman Professor of Fisheries and Water Resources _______________________________________________________ Dr. Holly Petrillo Associate Professor of Forestry _______________________________________________________ Dr. Paul McGinley Professor of Fisheries and Water Resources ii ABSTRACT The nation of Cape Verde is an isolated, geologically young Macaronesian archipelago off the west coast of Africa. The westernmost island, Santo Antão, ranks second in the archipelago in terms of area and altitude, possesses high topographic relief, and thus harbors some of the highest levels of native plant diversity in Cape Verde. After a history of denudation, exotic-species afforestations were established in the high altitude regions of Santo Antão in the mid-20th century in an effort to combat erosion, re-establish vegetative understories, increase water yield and infiltration, and provide socio-economic opportunities for the local populace. An evaluation of the afforestations has not been completed, particularly in terms of the effect on understory species. The central objective of this research was to determine the impact of exotic- species afforestations on the understory vegetation of the Planalto Leste region of the island of Santo Antão across three bioclimatic zones – humid, sub-humid, and semi-arid. A total of 42 plots were sampled in both afforested and natural habitats, and the data were analyzed to ascertain the afforestation’s effect on understory richness, cover, and composition. Afforestations were observed to exert a negative effect on understory vegetation abundance and diversity, and the magnitude of the effect is likely attributable to the formation of closed canopies and thick leaf litter layers, inhibiting understory growth. Negative effects were most pronounced in the humid zone, less pronounced in the sub-humid zone, and not present in the semi-arid zone. The original goals of afforestation are evaluated, and some stand management suggestions are given to improve native understory plant conservation. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The list of people and organizations that allowed this project to be realized span many years and two continents. Thanks first go to Bobbi Kubish and the University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point and US Peace Corps for selecting me for the Masters International program and as a Peace Corps Volunteer. Thanks are owed to many Capeverdeans for their time, housing, food, knowledge, deep friendship, and for teaching me the definition of generosity; special thanks go to Domingos Fortes, João de Canda, Emitério Ramos, Silviana Roque, and Gilda Monteiro. Dr. Holly Petrillo and the other committee members provided valuable criticisms, and most importantly I am ever grateful to my intelligent, patient, witty, and supportive wife Melissa with whom I share all my adventures and who makes my life a joy. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ VI LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... VII INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 8 Oceanic Island Biodiversity ............................................................................................................ 8 Biodiversity of Cape Verde and Santo Antão ................................................................................. 9 Plantation Forestry ........................................................................................................................ 11 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................................. 14 Cape Verde.................................................................................................................................... 14 Santo Antão and the Planalto Leste Region .................................................................................. 16 METHODS ................................................................................................................................... 23 Plot Selection ................................................................................................................................ 23 Data Collection ............................................................................................................................. 25 Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 26 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Diversity Indices and Site Characteristics .................................................................................... 30 Rank Abundance Curves and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation ............................................... 31 Rarefaction Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 34 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................... 36 Cultural and Management Implications ........................................................................................ 38 Research Needs ............................................................................................................................. 42 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................. 43 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Endemism of vascular plants of the Cape Verde, Canary, and Madeira islands; only islands >50 km2 are included (Adapted from Brochmann et al. 1997). ........................................ 10 Table 2. Conservation status of angiosperms in Cape Verde and Santo Antão (adapted from Leyens and Lobin (eds.) 1996). Percent of all Capeverdean angiosperm species in parentheses. 11 Table 3. Endemic and indigenous tree species of the Planalto Leste region of Santo Antão (Brochmann et al. 1997). .............................................................................................................. 19 Table 4. Chronological summary of forestry-related events on the island of Santo Antão, Cape Verde. ............................................................................................................................................ 20 Table 5. Definition of modified Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance classifications and conversion to average percent cover classes. .................................................................................................. 27 Table 6. Understory diversity, abundance, similarity and site characteristic metrics of the humid, sub-humid, and semi-arid bioclimatic zones. Significant values are in bold................................ 31 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Geographic location of Cape Verde. ............................................................................. 15 Figure 2. Climatic factors of Cape Verde (adapted from Rocha 2010). ....................................... 16 Figure 3. Bioclimatic zones, national parks, afforested areas, and study plots of the Planalto Leste region of Santo Antão. Red points indicate natural plots and green points indicate afforested plots. ............................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 4. Rank abundance curves for natural and forest understory habitats in the a) humid, b) sub-humid, and c) semi-arid bioclimatic zones. The x-axis represents the ranked proportional abundances of understory species. ................................................................................................ 33 Figure 5. Rarefaction curves and upper and lower 95% confidence intervals for natural and forest habitats in the a) humid, b) sub-humid, and c) semi-arid bioclimatic zones. ............................... 35 vii INTRODUCTION Oceanic Island Biodiversity Insular oceanic islands have been of particular interest to scientists for centuries and are often viewed as ‘natural laboratories’ (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). Isolated oceanic islands often have a paucity of species compared to their continental neighbors but due to the rapid speciation of initial colonizers they generally have a high degree of endemism and adaptive radiations (Sadler 1999). While island ecosystems facilitate rapid diversification they also harbor high rates of extinction (Gillespie 2007, Pimm 1996, Sadler 1999, Paulay 1994, Sax and Gaines 2008). Isolated oceanic island species
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hybridization in the Genus Phoenix: a Review
    Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 831-842 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v25i11.16660 http://www.ejfa.info/ REVIEW ARTICLE Hybridization in the genus Phoenix: A review Muriel Gros-Balthazard* University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Biochemistry, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Abstract The genus Phoenix is composed of 14 species naturally distributed in the Old World. This genus comprises the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., cultivated for its fruits, the dates, while other species are grown for food, ornament and religious purposes. Phoenix species were, for these reasons, spread out of their natural distribution area. It is therefore common to find species not naturally sympatric, growing together, in cultivation or in the wild. Phoenix species are interfertile and crossing distinct species leads to fertile hybrid offspring (interspecific hybridization). The introduction of a species in the wild generates gene flows leading to the creation of new hybrids and has conservation implications. In cultivation, such crossings may be spontaneous or are the result of artificial pollination, as several reasons impel doing so. Crossing gives rise to beautiful hybrids and is also useful for the conservation of old palm groves threatened by pests. Moreover, artificial pollination of date palms using another Phoenix species can be of interest given the metaxenic pollen effects. In addition, this process may have some potential benefits in date palm improvements, by the creation of hybrid cultivars. Thus, an increasing need of hybrid detection and characterization exists, particularly as morphology alone is not sufficient for this task. Besides new methods such as traditional and geometric morphometrics that may bring new clues, the advent of genetic and molecular markers helps to detect hybrids, especially based on the combination of nuclear and chloroplastic data.
    [Show full text]
  • Maquetación 1
    Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc., Vol. XXVII, 357-410 (diciembre de 2015) The botany of the three voyages of Captain James Cook in Macaronesia: an introduction Francisco-Ortega 1,2 *, J., Santos-Guerra 3, A., Romeiras 4,5 , M. M. , Carine 6, M. A. , Sánchez-Pinto 7, L. & Duarte 4,8 *, M. C. 1 International Center for Tropical Botany, Latin American and Caribbean Center Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida, U.S.A. 2 Kushlan Tropical Science Institute, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, Florida , U.S.A. 3 Calle Guaidil 16, Urbanización Tamarco, Tegueste, Tenerife, Spain 4 Tropical Research Institute (IICT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Portugal 5 Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Portugal 6 Plants Division, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom 7 Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre, Calle Fuente Morales 2, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 8 Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO/InBIO), University of Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal * Corresponding authors: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT The British naval captain James Cook (1728-1779) was one of the most important figures in the history of scientific exploration. During the 18 th century he was the only ex - plorer to call on the four Macaronesian archipelagos. His first two visits were part of voy - ages that circumnavigated the globe and included celebrated naturalists, notably Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820) and Daniel Solander (1733-1782) (first voyage) and Johann Reinhold Forster (1729-1798) and his son George Forster (1754-1794) (second voyage).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversidad Genética En Especies Del Género Phoenix L
    Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (España) Doctorado en Recursos y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA EN ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO PHOENIX L. TESIS DOCTORAL ENCARNACIÓN CARREÑO SÁNCHEZ ORIHUELA (ESPAÑA) 2017 Diversidad genética en especies del género Phoenix L. Tesis Doctoral realizada por Encarnación Carreño Sánchez, Licenciada en Ciencias Biológicas en la Universidad de Murcia y Máster Universitario en Agroecología, Desarrollo Rural y Agroturismo en la Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (Alicante), para la obtención del grado de Doctor. Fdo.: Encarnación Carreño Sánchez Orihuela, 15 de junio de 2017 Dr. José Ramón Díaz Sánchez, Dr. Ingeniero Agrónomo, Catedrático de Universidad y Director del Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria de la Universidad Miguel Hernández, INFORMA: Que atendiendo al informe presentado por los Dres. Concepción Obón de Castro profesora Titular del Departamento de Biología Aplicada de la Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Diego Rivera Núñez Catedrático de Universidad del Departamento de Biología Vegetal de la Universidad de Murcia, y Francisco Alcaraz Ariza Catedrático de Universidad del Departamento de Biología Vegetal de la Universidad de Murcia, la Tesis Doctoral titulada “Diversidad genética en especies del género Phoenix” de la que es autora la licenciada en Biología y Master en Agroecología Desarrollo Rural y Agroturismo Dña. Encarnación Carreño Sánchez ha sido realizada bajo la dirección de los Doctores citados, puede ser presentada para su correspondiente exposición pública. Y para que conste a los efectos oportunos firmo el presente informe en Orihuela a _______de ________ de 2017. Fdo.: Dr. José Ramón Díaz Sánchez Dr. Concepción Obón de Castro, Profesora Titular del Departamento de Biología Aplicada de la Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, CERTIFICA: Que la Tesis Doctoral titulada “Diversidad genética en especies del género Phoenix” de la que es autor la licenciada en Biología y Master en Agroecología Desarrollo Rural y Agroturismo Da.
    [Show full text]
  • An Update to the African Palms (Arecaceae) Floristic and Taxonomic Knowledge, with Emphasis on the West African Region
    Webbia Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography ISSN: 0083-7792 (Print) 2169-4060 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tweb20 An update to the African palms (Arecaceae) floristic and taxonomic knowledge, with emphasis on the West African region Fred W. Stauffer, Doudjo N. Ouattara, Didier Roguet, Simona da Giau, Loïc Michon, Adama Bakayoko & Patrick Ekpe To cite this article: Fred W. Stauffer, Doudjo N. Ouattara, Didier Roguet, Simona da Giau, Loïc Michon, Adama Bakayoko & Patrick Ekpe (2017): An update to the African palms (Arecaceae) floristic and taxonomic knowledge, with emphasis on the West African region, Webbia To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2017.1313381 Published online: 27 Apr 2017. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tweb20 Download by: [Université de Genève] Date: 27 April 2017, At: 06:09 WEBBIA: JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY AND GEOGRAPHY, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2017.1313381 An update to the African palms (Arecaceae) floristic and taxonomic knowledge, with emphasis on the West African region Fred W. Stauffera, Doudjo N. Ouattarab,c, Didier Rogueta, Simona da Giaua, Loïc Michona, Adama Bakayokob,c and Patrick Ekped aLaboratoire de systématique végétale et biodiversité, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; bUFR des Sciences de la Nature (SN), Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Ivory Coast; cDirection de Recherche et Développement (DRD), Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast; dDepartment of Botany, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The present contribution is the product of palm research on continental African taxa started Received 15 March 2017 7 years ago and represents an update to our taxonomic and floristic knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Necessity of Combining Ethnobotany
    On the necessity of combining ethnobotany and genetics to assess agrobiodiversity and its evolution in crops: A case study on date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Siwa Oasis, Egypt Muriel Gros-Balthazard, Vincent Battesti, Sarah Ivorra, Laure Paradis, Frédérique Aberlenc, Oumarou Zango, Salwa Zehdi-Azouzi, Souhila Moussouni, Summar Abbas Naqvi, Claire Newton, et al. To cite this version: Muriel Gros-Balthazard, Vincent Battesti, Sarah Ivorra, Laure Paradis, Frédérique Aberlenc, et al.. On the necessity of combining ethnobotany and genetics to assess agrobiodiversity and its evolution in crops: A case study on date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Siwa Oasis, Egypt. Evolutionary Applications, Blackwell, 2020, 13 (8), pp.1818-1840. 10.1111/eva.12930. hal-02375285v3 HAL Id: hal-02375285 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02375285v3 Submitted on 4 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Received: 28 October 2019 | Revised:
    [Show full text]
  • Date Palm: Miracle Tree for Semi-Arid Region of Received: 17-09-2019 Accepted: 22-10-2019 India
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2020; 9(1): 1310-1317 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2020; 9(1): 1310-1317 Date palm: Miracle tree for semi-arid region of Received: 17-09-2019 Accepted: 22-10-2019 India Neeraj Jharkhand Rai University, Neeraj, Vinita Bisht, Kaushal Singh and Neetu Ranchi, Jharkhand, India Abstract Vinita Bisht “Trees for life” is becoming very popular slogan in an international context. Trees have been the way of Banda University of Agriculture life since time immemorial for livelihood security and reducing vulnerability to climate-related risks. The and Technology, Banda, utilization of trees and their products (viz. 6F’s food, fruit, fiber, fertilizers, fodder and fuelwood) for the Uttar Pradesh, India sustenance are intricately woven with indigenous, traditional, and farmers knowledge. In this context, Kaushal Singh one such important tree species of semi-arid tract of India is widely utilized for a number uses due to Banda University of Agriculture their multivarious benefits i.e. Phoenix sylvestris date palm tree. This tree is widely growing near water and Technology, Banda, bodies, road side, canal side, wastelands, farmland, households and railway track in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, India Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Bihar and Deccan plateau of India. Traditionally date palm juice for jaggery and toddy; leaves for brooms, mattresses, thatching material, Neetu baskets, ropes, tiffins, marriage crowns, fodder; fruits for edible purpose; stem for beams or construction Banda University of Agriculture material and trees for ornamental etc. are used in rural areas. The every part of the tree is useful and and Technology, Banda, providing livelihood supports to tree dependent communities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Domestication Syndrome in Phoenix Dactylifera Seeds: Toward the Identification of Wild Date Palm Populations
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The Domestication Syndrome in Phoenix dactylifera Seeds: Toward the Identification of Wild Date Palm Populations Muriel Gros-Balthazard1,2¤*, Claire Newton1,3, Sarah Ivorra1, Marie-Hélène Pierre1, Jean- Christophe Pintaud2†, Jean-Frédéric Terral1 1 Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université - Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS / Université de Montpellier / IRD / EPHE, CC065, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France, 2 UMR DIADE, équipe DYNADIV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier cedex 5, France, 3 Laboratoire d’Archéologie et de Patrimoine, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski (Qc), G5L 3AI, Canada † Deceased. ¤ Current address: UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), Campus CIRAD, Bâtiment 3, TA A 108/03, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Gros-Balthazard M, Newton C, Ivorra S, Abstract Pierre M-H, Pintaud J-C, Terral J-F (2016) The Domestication Syndrome in Phoenix dactylifera Investigating crop origins is a priority to understand the evolution of plants under domestica- Seeds: Toward the Identification of Wild Date Palm tion, develop strategies for conservation and valorization of agrobiodiversity and acquire fun- Populations. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152394. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152394 damental knowledge for cultivar improvement. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) belongs to the genus Phoenix, which comprises 14 species morphologically very close, sometimes Editor: Kenneth M Olsen, Washington University, UNITED STATES hardly distinguishable. It has been cultivated for millennia in the Middle East and in North Africa and constitutes the keystone of oasis agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • Anther Development and Microsporogenesis in Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.)
    Pak. J. Bot., 49(1): 331-335, 2017. ANTHER DEVELOPMENT AND MICROSPOROGENESIS IN DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) ESMAEIL JAZINIZADEH1,2*, AHMAD MAJD1 AND ZAHRA POURPAK2 1Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author's email: [email protected] Abstract Microsporogenesis and pollen morphology of Phoenix dactylifera L. was studied in this study. Anther, in different developmental stages, was removed, fixed in Formalin-glacial acetic acid-alcohol (FAA), stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and then sliced at 8-10μm by rotary microtome. Staining was carried out with Hematoxylin-Eozin. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the mature pollen grains. The pollen protein extracts of date palm were obtained from pollen by phosphate buffer saline (PBS). They were separated by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The anther wall is constituted of five cellular strata: epidermis, monostratified endothecium, middle layer formed by two cellular strata and the secretory tapetum. The microspore mother cells begin meiosis and form tetrads of tetragonal microspores. The mature anther wall consists of an epidermis and an endothecium. Mature pollen grains are two-celled and monosulcate, semitectate -reticulate. SDS- PAGE analysis of mature pollen grains showed protein bands of 10–110 kDa regions. Key words: Anther development, Microsporogenesis, Pollen grain, Phoenix dactylifera L., SDS-PAGE, SEM. Introduction Mahabale & Biradar (1967) found successive type of division in microspores in Phoenix sylvestris. With Scanning Being a member of Arecaceae or Palmae family, Electron Microscopy (SEM), Soliman & Al-Obeed (2013) Coryphoideae subfamily, Phoeniceae tribe and phoenix investigated the pollen morphology of eleven date palm cv of genus, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a tree species.
    [Show full text]
  • Pintaud 2015
    Université de Montpellier École Doctorale SIBAGHE MÉMOIRE présenté en vue d’obtenir : L’HABILITATION A DIRIGER DES RECHERCHES 2015 Jean-Christophe Pintaud IRD, UMR DIADE/DYNADIV Phylogénie et diversité génétique des palmiers : de la signature du forçage paléoclimatique et géologique à l’empreinte de l’Homme Soutenu le 3 Juillet 2015, Devant le jury composé de : François Bonhomme, Directeur de Recherche CNRS, rapporteur Jérôme Chave, Directeur de Recherche CNRS, rapporteur Dario De Franceschi, Maître de Conférences MNHN, rapporteur Sophie Nadot, Professeur Université de Paris Sud, examinatrice Joëlle Ronfort, chercheur INRA, examinatrice James Tregear, Directeur de Recherche IRD, examinanteur RÉSUMÉ Phylogénie et diversité génétique des palmiers : de la signature du forçage paléoclimatique et géologique à l’empreinte de l’Homme. La famille des palmiers compte 187 genres et environ 2600 espèces, distribués dans toutes les régions chaudes du monde. Les analyses phylogénétiques conduites dans la famille, incorporant des schémas de datation moléculaire calibrés à l’aide de fossiles, montrent de nettes discontinuités dans l’histoire évolutive de ce groupe de plantes au cours du Cénozoïque, coïncidant clairement avec des phénomènes paléoclimatiques et géologiques majeurs. En particulier, un ensemble de phylogénies moléculaires conduites à divers niveaux sur un groupe pris comme modèle, la sous-tribu néotropicale des Bactridinae, nous a permis d’identifier quatre signaux de diversification dans la structure phylogénétique, particulièrement significatifs
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Three Plant Lineages Endemic to the Cape Verde Islands
    Research Article SPECIAL ISSUE: Island Plant Biology—Celebrating Carlquist’s Legacy Patterns of genetic diversity in three plant lineages endemic to the Cape Verde Islands Maria M. Romeiras1,2*, Filipa Monteiro1, M. Cristina Duarte2,3, Hanno Schaefer4 and Mark Carine5 1 Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal 2 Tropical Research Institute (IICT/JBT), Trav. Conde da Ribeira 9, 1300-142 Lisbon, Portugal 3 Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO/InBIO), University of Porto, Campus Agra´rio de Vaira˜o, 4485-661 Vaira˜o, Portugal 4 Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Biodiversitaet der Pflanzen, D-85354 Freising, Germany 5 Plants Division, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Received: 21 December 2014; Accepted: 5 April 2015; Published: 15 May 2015 Guest Editor: Clifford Morden Citation: Romeiras MM, Monteiro F, Duarte MC, Schaefer H, Carine M. 2015. Patterns of genetic diversity in three plant lineages endemic to the Cape Verde Islands. AoB PLANTS 7: plv051; doi:10.1093/aobpla/plv051 Abstract. Conservation of plant diversity on islands relies on a good knowledge of the taxonomy, distribution and genetic diversity of species. In recent decades, a combination of morphology- and DNA-based approaches has become the standard for investigating island plant lineages and this has led, in some cases, to the discovery of previously over- looked diversity, including ‘cryptic species’. The flora of the Cape Verde archipelago in the North Atlantic is currently thought to comprise 740 vascular plant species, 92 of them endemics. Despite the fact that it is considered relatively well known, there has been a 12 % increase in the number of endemics in the last two decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Insights Into Date Palm Origins
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review Genomic Insights into Date Palm Origins Muriel Gros-Balthazard 1,* , Khaled Michel Hazzouri 2 and Jonathan Mark Flowers 1,3 1 Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE; [email protected] 2 Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (KCGEB), United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE; [email protected] 3 Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 September 2018; Accepted: 3 October 2018; Published: 17 October 2018 Abstract: With the development of next-generation sequencing technology, the amount of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) genomic data has grown rapidly and yielded new insights into this species and its origins. Here, we review advances in understanding of the evolutionary history of the date palm, with a particular emphasis on what has been learned from the analysis of genomic data. We first record current genomic resources available for date palm including genome assemblies and resequencing data. We discuss new insights into its domestication and diversification history based on these improved genomic resources. We further report recent discoveries such as the existence of wild ancestral populations in remote locations of Oman and high differentiation between African and Middle Eastern populations. While genomic data are consistent with the view that domestication took place in the Gulf region, they suggest that the process was more complex involving multiple gene pools and possibly a secondary domestication.
    [Show full text]
  • Analisi Della Diversità Genetica in Due Specie Arboree Mediterranee: Palma Da Dattero (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) E Pino Nero (Pinus Nigra Arnold)
    DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN "Scienze genetiche, microbiologiche e bioinformatica" CICLO XXV COORDINATORE Prof.ssa Milvia Luisa Racchi Analisi della diversità genetica in due specie arboree mediterranee: palma da dattero (Phoenix dactylifera L.) e pino nero (Pinus nigra Arnold) Settore Scientifico Disciplinare AGR07/BIO18 Dottorando Dott. Bove Andrea Tutore Cotutore Prof. Racchi Milvia L. Dott. Vendramin Giovanni G. Anni 2010/2012 Dichiarazione Con la presente affermo che questa tesi è frutto del mio lavoro e che, per quanto io ne sia a conoscenza, non contiene materiale precedentemente pubblicato o scritto da un'altra persona né materiale che è stato utilizzato per l’ottenimento di qualunque altro titolo o diploma dell'Università o altro istituto di apprendimento, a eccezione del caso in cui ciò venga riconosciuto nel testo. Una copia della tesi sarà disponibile presso DiBA (DISPAA dal 1° gennaio). Declaration I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by other person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. A copy of the thesis will be available at DiBA (DISPAA from January 1st 2013) Firenze, 31 dicembre 2012 Andrea Bove Riassunto Questo progetto di ricerca del dottorato si articola su due casi di studio simili nelle metodiche per generare i dati, basate su tecniche di genotipizzazione molecolare, ma con approcci differenti nell’analisi e soprattutto nell’interpretazione dei dati.
    [Show full text]