Asian Barometer Survey Wave 4 2014-2016 TECHNICAL REPORT ()

By

Social Weather Stations for Asian Barometer Survey Center for East Asia Democratic Studies National Taiwan University

October 2014

Contact Information Social Weather Stations 52 Malingap Street, Sikatuna Village, 1101 Philippines Tel: 632-924-4465 Fax: 632-920-2181 Email: [email protected]

Asian Barometer Survey No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Center for East Asia Democratic Studies, College of Social Sciences National Taiwan University Tel: 886-2-3366-8456 Fax: 886-2-2365-7179 Email: [email protected]

1. BASIC INFORMATION

1.1 LOCATION The Asian Barometer 2014 Survey covered the entire Philippines, and had four major study areas: National Capital Region (NCR), Balance Luzon (outside NCR), Visayas and .

1.2 POPULATION The population of the Philippines in 2010 was 92,097,000, with estimation at 100,096,496 as of July 1, 2014. Fifty percent of the population is urban, with the median age as 23.2 years.1

1.3 GOVERNMENT2 The Philippines is a democratic republic with the president as the head of the state and the government. It is a unitary state with the exception of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, which is largely free from the national government.

The president is elected by popular vote for a single six-year term through the first-past-the-post rule. The bicameral Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Members of the Senate are elected to a six-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms). The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large by the electorate. The members of the House of Representatives are elected to a three-year term (limited to 3 consecutive terms). In 2013, representatives were elected from 234 legislative districts (single-member district), and no more than 20% of the total number of representatives are elected through the party-list. Currently, there are 58 representatives elected through the party-list, which make the total number of the representatives to be 292. Voters vote for a single party-list organization and organizations that garner at least 2% of the total number of votes win one seat for every 2% up to a maximum of three representatives. Major parties are not allowed to participate in the party-list election.

The current president is Benigno S. Aquino III, who was elected in June 2010. The latest legislative election was held in 2013, with the president’s party—the Liberal Party—controls 39% of the seats.

1 Worldometers, “Population”, http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/. Accessed on October 1, 2014. 2 Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines. Accessed on October 1, 2014. 1.4 ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE3 The GDP per capital is USD 7,412 for the 2015 estimate. The annual economic growth is forecast to be 5.0% in 2015. The Philippines has high unequal income distribution, with the Gini coefficient as 43.0.

1.5 IMPORTANT POLITICAL AND SOCIAL EVENTS4 The Philippines has territorial disputes with China and Taiwan in the South China Sea. In May 2013, major diplomatic row erupts between Taiwan and the Philippines after Filipino coastguards killed a Taiwanese fisherman in disputed waters.

In November 2013 Typhoon Haiyan swept across central areas of the country, leaving devastating and thousands of dead in its wake. A major international aid efforts was organized to help more than four million people affected.

In March 2014, MILF rebel group signed a peace deal with the government that brought an end to one of Asia’s longest and deadliest conflicts.

2. TIMETABLE

Activity Duration Preparation Questionnaire translation: Translate English 2014/05/21-06/16 Core Questionnaire into Filipino Questionnaire translation: Translate Filipino 2014/06/16-25 Questionnaire into Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Iluku, Tausug, and Waray Pre-fieldwork Preparations: Logistics, 2014/06/23-30 Questionnaire reproduction, Preparation of showcards Supervising Anchors’ (SA) Training (NCR) 2014/06/30 Field Interviewers’ Training 2014/07/2-3 Fieldwork National Capital Region (NCR) 2014/07/4-9 Balance Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao 2014/07/4-9 Data Processing

3 Ibid. 4 BBC News. “Philippines profile-Timeline”, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15581450. Accessed on October 1, 2014. Data entry and processing 2014/07/14-08/8 Data cleaning 2014/08/8-28 Submission of Philippine data for checking 2014/08/29

3. RESPONDENTS

3.1 CRITERIA OF SELECTING RESPONDENTS Data was gathered through face-to-face interviews of voting-age Filipino adults aged 18 years old and above. The survey asked a host of questions about political, social and economic issues, some undertaken as regular indicators monitored over time and others reflective of current concerns. It also obtained information and background characteristics about the household and family members. The questionnaire was administered thru paper and pencil interviews (PAPI).

3.2 RESEARCH ETHNICAL REVIEW In the Philippines there is no need to obtain any permission for any research type. For the ABS IV we did not need to go through the review process in the Philippines. However, before the beginning of interview process, the interviewers informed all interviewees that ‘we will not record your name or identifying information about you on the questionnaire. So no one will know who gave which answers to our questions. There is no risk to you in participating in the survey. There is also no benefit to you in participating in the survey. But if you answer our questions, you will help us understand how the public feels about issues facing the country today. Your participation in the survey is voluntary. If there are any questions you don't want to answer you don't have to answer them. And you can stop participating in the survey at any time. ..’

4. SAMPLING PROCESS AND METHODOLOGY

4.1 SAMPLING SIZES AND ERROR MARGINS An indicator of data quality is the standard error of the estimate, on which the margin for sampling error is based. As survey statistics are mostly proportions, the key measure of data precision is the standard error of a proportion taken from a sample. It is computed as follows:

_+ Z * p(1-p) n Where Z, at 95% confidence level is 1.96; p is the sample proportion estimate and n is the sample size. The overall sample size of 1,200 voting-age adults gives a maximum error margin of ± 2.83% at the 95% confidence level, assuming a simple random sampling design. The sampling error is at its highest when the true proportion being estimated is close to 50%.

The following approximate 95%-confidence margins for sampling error should be made when aggregating data at various levels:

Region Sample Size Error margin Philippines 1,200 ±3% National Capital Region 300 ±6% Balance Luzon 300 ±6% Visayas 300 ±6% Mindanao 300 ±6%

However, somewhat higher error margins should be expected since multi-stage cluster sampling was used; this design-effect is not readily measurable through established statistical software.

4.2 SAMPLING SCHEME The Philippines was divided into four study areas: National Capital Region (NCR), Balance Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao (See Figure 1. Map of the Philippines). Multi-stage probability sampling was used in the selection of sample spots. The allocation of sample units in each stage was as follows:

Sample Sample Region Spots Respondents Province Municipality National Capital -- 17 60 300 Region Balance Luzon 10 15 60 300 Visayas 5 15 60 300 Mindanao 6 15 60 300 Total 21 62 240 1200

4.2.1 FIRST STAGE-SELECTION OF PSU 4.2.1.1 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NRC) For NCR’s first stage, 60 barangays were distributed among the 17 NCR cities and municipalities in such a way that each city/municipality was assigned a number of barangays that was roughly proportional to its population size. An additional provision was that each municipality must receive at least one . Barangays were then selected from within each municipality with probability proportional to size (PPS). See Figure 2 for an illustration of the sampling scheme for NCR.

4.2.1.2 OUTSIDE OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION: BALANCE LUZON, VISAYAS, MINDANAO Balance Luzon was divided into 6 regions: Region I, CAR+Region II, Region III, Region IV-A, Region IV-B and Region V; Visayas into 3 regions: Region VI, Region VII and Region VIII; and Mindanao into 6 regions; Region IX, Region X, Caraga, Region XI, Region XII and ARMM. See Figure 3 for an illustrative example of the sampling scheme for Balance Luzon. Using probability proportional to population size (PPS) of the region, the allocation of 10 provinces in Luzon, 5 in Visayas and 6 in Mindanao were as follows:

Luzon Visayas Mindanao Region I 1 Region VI 2 Region IX 1 CAR+Region Region X 1 Region VIII 2 1 II Region III 3 Region VIII 1 Caraga 1 Region IV-A 3 Region XI 1 Region IV-B 1 Region XII 1 Region V 1 ARMM 1 Total 10 5 6

The non-quota provinces were selected without replacement using probability proportional to their remainders. The remainders are fractions derived when the proportion of the regions (based on their respective study area) are multiplied by 10 for Luzon, and 5 for Visayas and 6 for Mindanao. For instance, if 1.28 is obtained for Region I, then 1 province is assigned to this region and remaining fraction of 0.28 is included for the allocation of the non-quota province.

Given the target number of provinces for each region, sample provinces were then selected by PPS, without replacement. An additional provision is that each region must receive at least one province.

Figure 1: Map of the Philippines

Figure 2: Sampling Scheme for National Capital Region

Figure 3: Sampling Scheme for Provincial Areas (Example, Balance Luzon)

4.2.2 SECOND STAGE-SELECTION OF SSU 4.2.2.1 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NRC) National Capital Region does not have SSU. It goes straightly to the household selection.

4.2.2.2 OUTSIDE OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION: BALANCE LUZON, VISAYAS, MINDANAO Within the study areas of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, 15 municipalities were allocated among the sample provinces. The number of municipalities for each study area was multiplied by the proportion of the provinces. The resulting integers became the number of municipalities in that province. If there were remaining municipalities to be allocated, they were distributed using probability proportional to the remainders. Sample municipalities were then selected from within each sample province with probability proportional to population size, without replacement. An additional provision was that each province must receive at least one municipality.

4.2.4 THIRD STAGE-SELECTION OF SPOTS 4.2.4.1 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NRC) National Capital Region does not have the third stage. It goes straightly to the household selection.

4.2.4.2 OUTSIDE OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION: BALANCE LUZON, VISAYAS, MINDANAO Once the sample provinces have been selected, 60 spots for each of the major areas were allocated among the sample provinces. Using the target number set for each spot in each region, the spots were distributed in such a way that each province was assigned a number of spots roughly proportional to its population size.

Luzon Visayas Mindanao Region I 7 Region VI 24 Region IX 10 CAR+Region Region X 8 Region VIII 22 12 II Region III 15 Region VIII 14 Caraga 6 Region IV-A 16 Region XI 12 Region IV-B 5 Region XII 11 Region V 9 ARMM 9 Total 60 60 60

Sample barangays within each sample municipality were selected with probability proportional to size. Sample barangays were then classified as urban or rural based on the latest National Statistics Office classification (2000).

4.2.4 FOUTH STAGE-SELECTION OF HOUSEHOLDS 4.2.4.1 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NRC) In each sample barangay, five (5) households were established by systematic sampling. Designated starting points were randomly assigned - it was either: 1) a municipal/barangay hall, 2) a school, 3) the barangay captain's house, 4) a church/chapel/mosque, 5) a health facility, or 6) a basketball court. A random start from 1-6 was also randomly generated for each spot. Thus, if a particular spot has a random

start of 4, the first sample household should be the 4th household from the designated starting point. Subsequent sample households were chosen using a fixed interval of 5 households in between the sampled ones; i.e. every 6th household was sampled.

4.2.4.2 OUTSIDE OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION: BALANCE LUZON, VISAYAS, MINDANAO For the fourth stage, within each sample spot, five (5) households were established by systematic sampling. In urban barangays as well as in rural barangays, designated starting points were randomly assigned - it was either: 1) a municipal/barangay hall, 2) a school, 3) the barangay captain's house, 4) a church/chapel/mosque, 5) a health facility, or 6) a basketball court. A random start from 1-6 was also randomly generated for each spot. Thus, if a particular spot has a random start of 4, the first sample household should be the

4th household from the designated starting point. The sampling interval for urban barangays was six, while for rural barangays, it was two.

4.2.5 FIFTH STAGE-SELECTION OF RESPONDENT 4.2.5.1 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NRC) For the last stage, in each selected household, a respondent was randomly chosen among the household members who were 18 years of age and older, using a probability selection table. In selecting the probability respondent of a household, only male family members were pre-listed in the probability selection table of odd-numbered questionnaires; only female family members were pre-listed for even-numbered questionnaires.

4.2.5.2 OUTSIDE OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION: BALANCE LUZON, VISAYAS, MINDANAO For the fifth and final stage, as discussed earlier, a respondent was randomly chosen from among the voting-age adults in each selected household using a probability respondent selection table. A respondent not contacted during the first attempt was visited for a second time. If the respondent remained unavailable, or in cases where there was no qualified probability respondent of a given gender, the interval sampling of households would continue until five sample respondents were identified.

4.3 NUMBER OF CALLS AND SUBSTITUTION/ALTERNATE SAMPLES A respondent not contacted during the first attempt was visited for a second time. If the respondent remained unavailable, or in cases where there was no qualified probability respondent of a given gender, the interval sampling of households would continue until five sample respondents were identified.

Only three barangays out of the 240 barangays were substituted. Two barangays were substituted for security reasons and one because it is in a remote/far-flung area. They are: 1. Brgy. Datu Esmael (Bago-a-ingud), Dasmarinas, Cavite (Balance Luzon): The barangay captain did not allow the interviewers to conduct the interviews because of his concern for their security, particularly due to the prevalence of drug addicts in some parts of the barangay; 2. Brgy. Lanao Dakula, Parang, Sulu (Mindanao): This barangay was replaced because of ongoing security operations in that area at the time of the interviews; and, 3. Brgy. Panampalay, Pres Manuel A. Roxas, Zamboanga Del Norte (Mindanao): This barangay was replaced because of its remote/far-flung location, and there were no public vehicles going to this barangay at the time of the interview because of the heavy rains.

4.4 SURVEY STATISTICS Shown in the table below are the final dispositions of case codes. These were slightly modified for area-based in-person household surveys, based on the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) Standard Definitions on Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys.

A total of 3,345 households were contacted for the survey, of which 1,200 were completed interviews. There were 1,317 eligible cases for which no interview is obtained: 992 were cases of the respondent away/not available and 290 cases of known respondent refusal.

There were 650 cases of unknown eligibility and no interview: 478 were cases of nobody home, and 113 cases of unknown if household has an eligible respondent. There were 178 cases of households with no eligible respondents.

Category Frequency Percent Interviewed 1200 35.9 Completed 1200 35.9 Original 516 15.4 Replicate 684 20.4 Eligible, No Interview (Non-response) 1317 39.4 Nobody is home 478 14.3 Unknown if HH has an eligible respondent 113 3.4 HH-level refusal 47 1.4 Unable to enter building/reach housing unit 10 0.3 HH-level language problem 2 0.1 Not Eligible 178 5.3 No eligible respondent 178 5.3 Total 3,345 100

The refusal rate for this survey is 52.3%. SWS computed the refusal rate (RR) following the definition that refusal rate is one minus the number of complete interviews (I) with reporting cases divided by the number of eligible cases in the sample:

I 1 I  PRNCO  Where I = Complete interview P = Partial interview R = Refusal and break-off NC = Non-contact O= Physically or Mentally unable/incompetent

Shown in the table below are the response rates disaggregated by area, locale, class, sex, age and educational attainment of the respondents. The refusal rates are lower in Visayas (41%) and Mindanao (37%), in rural areas (40%), among females, among older adults aged 25 and above and among those with elementary education or less.

Category Refusal rate (%) Total Philippines 52.3 National Capital Region (NCR) 65.5 Balance Luzon 55.0 Visayas 40.7 Mindanao 36.8 Urban 58.8 Rural 39.8 Classes ABC 48.5 Class D 53.5 Class E 49.2 Males 58.2 Females 44.4 18-24 years old 56.5 25-34 51.6 35-44 51.8 45-54 52.8 55 years old and above 50.3 No formal qualification 42.6 Lowest formal qualification (Elementary grad) 46.6 Intermediate secondary 53.6 University degree incomplete 56.9 University degree completed 53.6

5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5.1 PREPARATION 5.1.1 QUESTIONNAIRE The final questionnaire is composed of two modules: the Main Questionnaire and the Socio-Demographic (SDC) Questionnaire. The Main Questionnaire has 172 questions, while the SDC Questionnaire has 15 questions, for a total of 187 question items. The definitive language version of the core questionnaire, English, was translated into Filipino. The Filipino version of the questionnaire became the basis of the other language versions translated by the pool of SWS language translators: Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Iluku, Tausug, and Waray.

5.1.2 PRE-TESTING AND FINALIZING QUESTIONNAIRE The Filipino version underwent cognitive pretests to make sure that the messages were conveyed accurately. In addition, cognitive pre-testing enabled SWS to: - Determine the time length of the interview;

- Improve the wording of the questions, if necessary;

- Eliminate unnecessary questions or add new items, as the case may be;

- Test question sequence and identify bases;

- Correct and improve translation;

- Change open-ended questions into multiple-choice questions;

- Find out which items are conceptually vague;

- Check accuracy and adequacy of the questionnaire instructions;

- Determine whether the focus of the question is clear; and,

- Identify interviewer's recording difficulties

5.1.3 TRAINING Two sets of training were conducted prior to the fieldwork implementation – one for the Supervising Anchors (SAs) and assistant Supervising Anchors (ASAs), and one for the field interviewers on-site.

5.1.3.1 SUPERVISOR A general training for the five (5) SAs and seven (7) ASAs was conducted at the SWS office in Quezon City. The Supervising Anchors (SAs) are regular SWS staff who directly report to the Project Director (Ms. Linda Guerrero), the Field Manager (Ms. Germelita Caron), and, Project Manager (Ms. Iremae Labucay). The ASAs are regular project-based assistants. They are in-charge of the overall day-to-day monitoring of the conduct of the survey implementation as well as the administration of fieldwork logistics. The general training was conducted by the Project Manager. The SAs/ASa, in turn, conducted the training of field interviewers.

5.1.3.2 INTERVIEWER The field interviewers’ trainings were conducted on-site, or in strategic, central locations where the interviews were to be conducted.

Training Time. The minimum training time for interviewers was 2 days prior to field implementation. The third day was the start-off, where the SAs/ASAs observed the field interviewers on their first interviews.

Training Activities. These mainly consisted of: One or two days office training to learn the basics of the project; and, Mock interviews among participants, i.e. field interviewers interviewing supervising anchors as respondents are done to get accustomed to the flow of interviewing and questionnaire format. Interviews were practiced with a supervisor around until the interviewer could be left on her own.

5.2 FIELDWORK 5.2.1 WORKERS ON HAND For this project, a total of 53 field interviewers and seven project assistants were deployed. The field interviewers and project assistants were from the pool of SWS interviewers. Thirty encoders were hired for data processing.

5.2.2 SUPERVISION 5.2.2.1 EVALUATION OF INTERVIEWER＇S WORK All first interviews of each field interviewer were observed by her field supervisor, and then evaluated. Only after meeting a certain evaluation criteria was an interviewer left to interview on her own, although her field supervisor always stayed within the vicinity of the sample spot to conduct checks.

Supervisors reporting to the field manager monitored the study full-time. They observed interviewers (at least 10% of total interviewers were observed by supervisors), followed-up and did surprise checks on the field interviewers. They also ensured that field logistics were received promptly and administered properly.

5.2.2.2 SPOT-CHEKING Part of quality control was to make sure at least 30% of each interviewer’s output was spot-checked and back-checked. Once an incomplete or inconsistent answer was spotted in the questionnaire, the field interviewer went back to the respondent’s house to re-ask the question for verification.

5.2.2.3 RE-TESTING There is no re-testing but after each interview, the interviewer was asked to go over her own work and check for consistency. All accomplished interview schedules were submitted to the assigned group supervisor who, in turn, edited every interview.

5.3 FIELD EDITING 5.3.1 DATA PROCESSING All the completed questionnaires were returned to the SWS office for data processing. A CSPro-based program was used for data entry, and SPSS for the generation of data tables.

5.3.2 DATA ENTERING AND CLEANING Office editors conducted final consistency checks on all interviews prior to coding. Encoded data were validated (100%) by a group separate from the encoders. All data tables generated were checked.

5.4 ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE Overall, the interviewers assessed that the questionnaire was relatively easy to implement compared with other SWS questionnaires that they have recently implemented. In particular, they cite that because there were only a few items with skipping instructions, the flow of the interview was facilitated. There were also a few questions that needed to be cross-checked for consistency.

They observed that the questions were of interest particularly to the younger, more educated respondents from urban areas.

The problems encountered in the implementation of the questionnaire were primarily related to the length of the questionnaire. Some of the questions were also too wordy or verbose, which contributed to the questionnaire being lengthy. The use of show cards with the answer categories of the questions could have reduced the overall length of the interview.

The questionnaire, with 187 question items, took an average 62 minutes to be completed, or three (3) questions per minute. Several respondents, in fact, complained to the interviewers that the questionnaire was too lengthy. There were a few cases of the interviews terminated because of the lengthy interviews. One interviewer noted a case of an elderly respondent who fell asleep while being interviewed. In some cases, the respondents asked the interviewers to repeat reading to them the answer categories. The interviewers also noted that some of the respondents seemed bored in the middle of the interviews.

The interviewers themselves found the questionnaire too lengthy to implement, to the extent that some of them suffered sore throat following the interviews. One interviewer shared that a respondent had offered her a glass of water to drink when she had difficulty enunciating the questions near the end of the interview.

Aside from the issue of the questionnaire being too lengthy when implemented, the interviewers had little difficulty with the implementation. On the questions related to participation in elections, the interviewers reported that several respondents seemed hesitant to answer, but eventually gave their responses without prompting or probing from the interviewer.

Just before the fieldwork started, a security alert was raised for Southern Mindanao due to intelligence reports of possible terror threat in key cities in the region, particularly in Davao City, Cagayan de Oro City, Koronadal City, and Kidapawan City. This heightened security situation, however, it did not affect the survey implementation, that is, it did not cause any delay in the fieldwork.

5.5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTURE IMPLEMENTATION To address the issue of the interview being lengthy, SWS strongly suggests expanding the use of show cards with the answer categories of the questions, from which the respondents will choose their response to the survey question. The use of show cards with answer categories would facilitate the survey administration in several ways.

For one, it could eliminate the need for the interviewer to repeat reading the answer categories upon the request of the respondent. Show cards with answer categories would also minimize the recency effect, or the tendency of respondents to choose the answer category that they would hear last. In addition, using show cards in repetitive questions, such as putting the agree-disagree battery statements in show cards, would minimize the probability of the respondents giving mechanical answers as it would give the respondents sufficient time to think carefully before they give their responses. It would also address the issue of the respondents getting bored or sleepy in the middle of the interviews, as they would feel that they are active participants to the interview process.

The expected primacy effect of show cards with answer categories, or the tendency of respondents to choose the answer category that they would see first in the list, could be mitigated by using a rating board-ring card with answer categories. Ring cards are show cards that are bound by together usually ring bound, hence the name “ring card”. The rating boards are where the answer categories are written. Ring cards assure that the statements are shown to the respondents sequentially. (See Figures 4 and 5 for example of rating board-ring card).

When using the rating board-ring card, the interviewer will first read the question. Then the interviewer will give the ring cards to the respondent and read the first statement. After that, the interviewer will show the rating board where the respondent can choose his/her answers from. The interviewer may read the answer categories again and again, if necessary. She then records the answer of the respondent before proceeding to the next statement. If the respondent reads everything in the ring cards, the interviewer should tell the respondent in a polite manner that he/she should answer the questions one by one and in a particular order. If the respondent understands how to use the rating boards and ring cards, the interviewer will not have a hard time in the succeeding questions.

Figure 4. Example of a ring card. One side shows the Filipino version, the other side shows the language version (in this case, the English version).

Figure 5. Example of a rating board. The board shows the answer categories for an Agree-Disagree statement battery. The rating board always contains the Filipino version and the local language version of the answer categories (in this case, the English version).

6. RELIABILITY ANALYSIS As part of a full review of the survey, questions were subjected to a reliability analysis. Reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, α. It is a common rule of thumb that a Cronbach α value of .6 to .7 is an acceptable value. This Technical Report uses commonly accepted rule of thumb in interpreting Cronbach’s α values:

α ≥ 0.9 Excellent 0.7 ≤ α < 0.9 Good 0.6 ≤ α < 0.7 Acceptable 0.5 ≤ α < 0.6 Below Standard α < 0.5 Poor

6.1 ECONOMIC EVALUTIONS The Cronbach’s α value for the six items is .6157, which is considered acceptable. Each of the six items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q2 (.3375) and Q5 (.3365) have the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .615.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α if Cronbach's α = .615 correlation item deleted Q1. How would you rate the overall .373 .566 economic condition of our country today? Q2. How would you describe the change in the economic condition of our country .337 .579 over the last few years? Q3. What do you think will be the state of our country’s economic condition a few .349 .588 years from now? Q4. As for your own family, how do you rate the economic situation of your family .390 .565 today? Q5. How would you compare the current economic condition of your family with .336 .578 what it was a few years ago? Q6. What do you think the economic situation of your family will be a few .404 .550 years from now?

6.2 TRUST IN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS The Cronbach’s α value for the 13 items is .837, which is considered good. Each of the 13 items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q7 (.404) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .837.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .837 Correlation If Item Deleted Q7. The President .404 .831 Q8. The courts .498 .824 Q9. The national government [in ] .461 .827 Q10. Political parties [not any specific .487 .825 party] Q11. Parliament .558 .820 Q12. Civil Service .462 .827 Q13. The military .532 .822 Q14. The police .522 .823 Q15. Local government .483 .826 Q16. Newspapers .462 .827 Q17. Television .443 .828 Q18. The Commission on Elections or .548 .821 COMELEC Q19. Non-governmental organizations or .447 .828 NGOs

6.3 SOCIAL CAPITAL 6.3.1 FAMILY TRUST The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .615, which is considered acceptable. Each of the three items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q28 (.395) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. As Q27 has the highest corrected item-total correlation of .554, deleting Q27 from the battery would have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value. That is, if it were to be deleted, it would reduce the overall reliability.615 to unacceptable .398.

Deleting either Q26 or Q28 from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than or similar to the overall reliability α = .615.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .615 Correlation If Item Deleted Q26. Your relatives .423 .590 Q27. Your neighbors .554 .398 Q28. Other people you interact with .395 .624

6.3.2 SOCIAL NETWORK The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .332, which is considered unacceptable. Each of the three items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery, though the correlations are low. Q32 (.100) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting Q32 from this battery would have a moderate but inconsequential effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value. That is, if it were to be deleted, it would increase the overall reliability.332 to .461, which is still below that minimum threshold (α = 0.6) for it to be acceptable. Deleting any of Q30 or Q31 from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α .332.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .332 Correlation If Item Deleted Q30. If you have a difficult problem to manage, are there people outside .252 .123 your household you can ask for help? Q31. When people outside your household have problems, do they .231 .168 come to you for help? Q32. If you had friends or co-workers whose opinions on politics differed .100 .461 from yours, would you have a hard time conversing with them?

6.4 ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICE The Cronbach’s α value for the four items is .596, which is considered poor. Each of the four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q42 (.339) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α .596.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .596 Correlation If Item Deleted Q39. An identity document (such as a .383 .521 birth certificate or passport Q40. A place in a public primary school .399 .514 for a child Q41. Medical treatment at a nearby .410 .502 clinic Q42. Help from the police when you .339 .570 need it

6.5 PSYCHOLOGICAL INVOLVEMENT The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .497, which is considered poor. Each of the three items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .497.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .497 Correlation If Item Deleted Q44. How interested would you say .346 .347 you are in politics? Q45. How often do you follow news .348 .408 about politics and government? Q46. When you get together with your family members or friends, how .338 .430 often do you discuss political matters?

6.6 INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA The Cronbach’s α value for the six items is .608, which is considered acceptable. Each of the six items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q48 (.166) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than or similar to the overall reliability α = .608.

Corrected Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .608 Item-total If Item Deleted Correlation Q47. Do you have Internet access at home? .280 .598 Q48. Do you have Internet access on a mobile .166 .614 phone? Q49. How often do you use the internet? .378 .547 Q50. Do you currently use any of the .289 .597 following social media networks? Q51. How often do you use the Internet including social media networks to find .545 .453 information about politics and government? Q52. How often do you use the Internet including social media networks to express .536 .455 your opinion about politics and government?

6.7 TRADITIONALISM The Cronbach’s α value for the 14 items is .664, which is considered acceptable. Each of the 14 items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Q61 (.196) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α= .664.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .664 Correlation If Item Deleted Q55. For the sake of the family, the individual should put his personal .269 .649 interests second. Q56. In a group, we should sacrifice our individual interest for the sake of the .319 .642 group’s collective interest. Q57. For the sake of national interest, .266 .650 individual interest could be sacrificed. Q58. When dealing with others, developing a long-term relationship is .358 .637 more important than securing one’s immediate interest. Q59. When dealing with others, one should not only focus on immediate .331 .643 interest but also plan for future. Q60. Even if parents’ demands are unreasonable, children still should do .288 .647 what they ask. Q61. When a mother-in-law and a daughter-in-law come into conflict, even if the mother-in-law is in the wrong, the .196 .662 husband should still persuade his wife to obey his mother. Q62. Being a student, one should not .351 .636 question the authority of their teacher. Q63. In a group, we should avoid open quarrel to preserve the harmony of the .315 .644 group. Q64. Even if there is some disagreement with others, one should avoid the .250 .652 conflict. Q65. A person should not insist on his own opinion if his co-workers disagree .253 .651 with him. Q66. Wealth and poverty, success and .279 .648 failure are all determined by fate. Q67. If one could have only one child, it is more preferable to have a boy than a .217 .659 girl. Q68. When dealing with others, one should not be preoccupied with .333 .639 temporary gains and losses.

6.8 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 6.8.1 EXPRESSION OF IDEAS The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .721, which is considered good. Each of the five items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Q73 (.455) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .721.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .721 Correlation If Item Deleted Q69. Contacted elected officials or .499 .669 legislative representatives at any level Q70. Contacted officials at higher level .513 .662 Q71. Contacted traditional .470 .686 leaders/community leaders. Q72. Contacted other influential people .511 .664 outside the government. Q73. Contacted news media .455 .690

6.8.2 CIVIC ACTION The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .567, which is considered poor. Q74, Q75, Q76 and Q77 are positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .567. Q78 is negatively correlated with the other four questions in this module. Deleting this question from the battery would significantly increase the overall reliability from poor .567 to good .728. Hence, it is necessary to re-consider including this question in the battery along with Q74, Q75, Q76 and Q77 in the implementation of the questionnaire in the future.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .567 Correlation If Item Deleted Q74. Got together with others to try to .442 .433 resolve local problems Q75. Got together with others to raise an .543 .384 issue or sign a petition Q76. Attended a demonstration or protest .467 .445 march Q77. Used force or violence for a .396 .501 political cause Q78. Have you voted in every election, voted in most elections, voted in some -.001 .728 elections or hardly ever voted?

6.9 REGIME PREFERENCE 6.9.1 IDEAL SYSTEM OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT This battery consists of four main questions, with each question having a follow-up question. The main question and the follow-up question were grouped together, then re-coded as “Statement 1: Strongly agree”, “Statement 1: Agree,” “Statement 2: Strongly agree,” “Statement 2: Agree”. For example, Q79 and Q79a were grouped, and re-coded as: 1 Statement 1. Government leaders implement what voters want: Strongly agree

2 Statement 1. Government leaders implement what voters want: Agree

3 Statement 2. Government leaders do what they think is best for the people: agree 4 Statement 2. Government leaders do what they think is best for the people: strongly Agree

The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .406, which is considered unacceptable. Each of the four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery, but the correlations are low. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .406.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .406 Correlation If Item Deleted Q79+Q79a. Regime Preference 1: Statement 1. Government leaders implement what voters want. .261 .294 Statement 2. Government leaders do what they think is best for the people. Q80+Q80a. Regime Preference 2: Statement 1. Government is our employee, the people should tell government what needs to be .174 .387 done. Statement 2. The government is like parent, it should decide what is good for us. Q81+Q81a. Regime Preference 3: Statement 1. The media should have the right to publish news and ideas without government control. .188 .372 Statement 2. The government should have the right to prevent the media from publishing things that might be politically destabilizing. Q82+Q82a. Regime Preference 4: Statement 1. Political leaders are .270 .289 chosen by the people through open and competitive elections. Statement 2. Political leaders are chosen on the basis on their virtue and capability even without election.

6.9.2 OPERATION OF CURRENT GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .649, which is considered acceptable. Each of the four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .649.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .649 Correlation If Item Deleted Q83. Over the long run, our system of government is capable of solving the .422 .587 problems our country faces Q84. Thinking in general, I am proud .424 .585 of our system of government Q85. A system like ours, even if it runs into problems, deserves the .448 .569 people's support Q86. I would rather live under our system of government than any other .425 .585 that I can think of

6.10 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY The Cronbach’s α value for the four items is .466, which is considered unacceptable. Each of the four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery, through the correlations are low. Q88 (.182) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than or similar to the overall reliability α = .466.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .466 Correlation If Item Deleted Q88. 1. Government narrows the gap between the rich and the poor. 2. People choose the government leaders in free and fair election. .182 .473 3. Government does not waste any public money. 4. People are free to express their political views openly. Q89. 1. The legislature has oversight over the government. 2. Basic necessities, like food, clothes and shelter, are provided for all. .292 .372 3. People are free to organize political groups. 4. Government provides people with quality public services. Q90. 1. Government ensures law and order. 2. Media is free to criticize the things government does. .282 .384 3. Government ensures job opportunities for all. 4. Multiple parties compete fairly in the election. Q91. 1. People have the freedom to take part in protests and demonstrations. 2. Politics is clean and free of corruption. 3. The court protects the ordinary .319 .340 people from the abuse of government power. 4. People receive state aid if they are unemployed.

6.11 QUALITY OF GOVERNANCE The Cronbach’s α value for the nine items is .618, which is considered acceptable. Each of the nine items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q104 (.143) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than or similar to the overall reliability α = .618.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .618 Correlation If Item Deleted Q101. People have the power to change .287 .592 a government they don’t like. Q102. Political parties or candidates in our country have equal access to the .307 .588 mass media during the election period. Q103. Between elections, the people have no way of holding the government .249 .602 responsible for its actions. Q104. When government leaders break the laws, there is nothing the court can .143 .631 do. Q105. All citizens from different ethnic communities in [Country X] are treated .384 .566 equally by the government. Q106. Rich and poor people are treated .264 .598 equally by the government. Q107. People have basic necessities like .223 .607 food, clothes, and shelter. Q108. People are free to speak what .441 .552 they think without fear. Q109. People can join any organization .417 .559 they like without fear.

6.12 PREFERENCE FOR DEMOCRACY The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .512, which is considered poor. Each of the five items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q129 (.208) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .512.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α=.512 Correlation If Item Deleted Q125. Which of the following statements comes closest to your own opinion? (1) Democracy is always preferable to any other kind of government (2) Under some circumstances, an .328 .434 authoritarian government can be preferable to a democratic one (3) For people like me, it does not matter whether we have a democratic or a nondemocratic regime. Q126. Which of the following statements comes closer to your own view? (1) Democracy is capable of solving .308 .449 the problems of our society (2) Democracy cannot solve our society’s problems Q127. If you had to choose between democracy and economic development, .301 .445 which would you say is more important? Q128. If you had to choose between reducing economic inequality and .307 .452 protecting political freedom, which would you say is more important? Q129. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “Democracy .208 .498 may have its problems, but it is still the best form of government.”

6.13 LEGITMACY OF DEMOCRACY/ DETACHMENT FROM AUTHORITARIANISM The Cronbach’s α value for the four items is .781, which is considered good. Each of the four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Q132 (.533) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .781.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .781 Correlation If Item Deleted Q130. We should get rid of parliament and elections and have a strong leader .578 .733 decide things Q131. Only one political party should be allowed to stand for election and .635 .703 hold office Q132. The army (military) should come .533 .758 in to govern the country Q133. We should get rid of elections and parliaments and have experts make .610 .719 decisions on behalf of the people

6.14 CITIZEN EMPOWERMENT AND POLITICAL SUPPORT The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .585, which is considered poor. Each of the five items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Q134 (.302) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .585.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .585 Correlation If Item Deleted Q134. I think I have the ability to .302 .553 participate in politics Q135. Sometimes politics and government seems so complicated that .366 .516 a person like me can’t really understand what is going on Q136. People like me don’t have any influence over what the government .343 .529 does Q137. You can generally trust the people who run our government to do .323 .539 what is right Q138. A citizen should always remain loyal only to his country, no matter .378 .510 how imperfect it is or what wrong it has done

6.14 AUTHORITARIAN/DEMOCRATIC VALUES The Cronbach’s α value for the eleven items is .670, which is considered acceptable. Each of the eleven items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Q139 (.184) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than or similar to the overall reliability α = .670.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α =.670 Correlation If Item Deleted Q139. Women should not be involved .184 .671 in politics as much as men Q140. The government should consult religious authorities when interpreting .316 .649 the laws Q141. People with little or no education should have as much say in .266 .657 politics as highly-educated people Q142. Government leaders are like the head of a family; we should all follow .327 .647 their decisions Q143. The government should decide whether certain ideas should be .343 .644 allowed to be discussed in society Q144. Harmony of the community will be disrupted if people organize .360 .641 lots of groups Q145. When judges decide important cases, they should accept the view of .394 .634 the executive branch Q146. If the government is constantly checked [i.e. monitored and supervised] by the legislature, it .371 .639 cannot possibly accomplish great things Q147. If we have political leaders who are morally upright, we can let them .367 .640 decide everything Q148. If people have too many different ways of thinking, society will .264 .658 be chaotic Q149. When the country is facing a difficult situation, it is ok for the .304 .651 government to disregard the law in order to deal with the situation

6.15 GLOBALIZATION The Cronbach’s α value for the four items is .332, which is considered poor. Each of the four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module, though the correlations are low. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .332.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α =.332 Correlation If Item Deleted Q150. How closely do you follow major events in foreign countries / the .168 .277 world? Q151. Our country should defend our way of life instead of becoming more .259 .169 and more like other countries. Q152. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “We should .152 .295 protect our farmers and workers by limiting the import of foreign goods.” Q153. Do you think the government .130 .339 should increase or decrease the inflow of foreign immigrants into the country?

6.16 REDISTRIBUTION The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .300, which is considered unacceptable. Each of the six items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module, though the correlations are low. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than or similar to the overall reliability α = .300.

Corrected Item-total Cronbach's α Cronbach's α = .300 Correlation If Item Deleted Q155. How fair do you think income .208 .205 distribution is in the Philippines? Q156. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is the responsibility of the government to .090 .296 reduce the differences between people with high income and those with low incomes. Q157. How concerned are you about the loss of your or your family's major .081 .308 source of income within the next 12 months? Q158. The following is a hypothetical question: If you were unfortunate enough to lose your main source of .028 .321 income, how serious would it be for you and your family? Q159. Considering all the effort that you and your family members have made in the past, do you think the .273 .169 income that your family currently receives is FAIR or NOT FAIR? Q160. As compared to my parent's generation, my generation has more or .135 .261 fewer opportunities to improve one's standard of living or social status?

7. EXAMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVENESS OF SAMPLE SET AND WEIGHTING

To yield representative figures at the national level, census-based population weights are applied to the survey data. The weight projection is computed by dividing the projected population in the area by the sample size of the same area. Appropriate projected factors were applied so that original population proportions were reflected in the data tables using this formula: Population Projection factors =------(Weight) No. of Interviews

For questions answered by the sample voting-age adults, the following projection factors were used:

2014 NSO Projection factor Projected Total Sample Size Region for 1 probability Population Age 18 (1200) respondent (000) and above NRC 8,325,407 300 .56 Balance Luzon 26,426,641 300 1.77 Visayas 11,573,176 300 .77 Mindanao 13,499,544 300 .90 Total 59,824,768 1,200

7.1 GOODNESS-OF-FIT TESTS

Gender

Sample Population Result Frequency Percent Percent

Male 600 50 50.45 Chi square=.097 Female 600 50 49.55 P>.05

Total 1200 100.00 100.00 Consistent with the

population

Age Group

Sample Population Result Frequency Percent Percent

18 – 24 163 13.6 22.0

25 – 34 288 24.0 25.4 Chi square=64.81

35 – 44 286 23.8 20.6 P<.05 45 – 54 208 17.3 15.4 Not consistent with 55 + 255 21.3 16.6 the population Total 1200 100 100

7.2 SAMPLE REPRESENTATIVENESS Characteristics of the sampled respondents are listed below to examine whether or not our sample is representative. Characteristics considered were gender, age, and education level. (See Appendix for the national characteristics of the national population, based on the 2010 Census)

Gender Before weighting After weighting Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Male 600 50.0 600 50.0 Female 600 50.0 600 50.0 Total 1200 100.0 1200 100.0 Chi square=.097, p-value>.05, consistent with the population after weighting.

Age Group Before weighting After weighting Age Group Frequency Percent Frequency Percent 18-24 163 13.6 169 14.0 25-34 288 24.0 288 24.0 35-44 286 23.8 281 23.4 45-54 208 17.3 200 16.7 55 + 255 21.3 262 21.8 Total 1200 100.0 1200 100.0 Chi square=60.78, p-value<.05, not consistent with the population after weighting.

Appendix

1. List of PSU, SSU, and TSU

PSU SSU TSU Area Region Barangay/Province City/Municipality Barangay National Capital -- Barangay 16 Region Barangay 86 Barangay 241 Barangay 355 Barangay 382 Barangay 858 Barangay 649 Barangay 900 Barangay 754 Addition Hills Industrial Valley Bambang Pinagbuhatan Santa Cruz Baesa Bahay Toro Commonwealth Doa Josefa Kaligayahan Sauyo Talayan Talipapa Holy Spirit Balong-Bato Barangay 56 Barangay 60 Barangay 70 Barangay 103 Barangay 163 Barangay 174 Barangay 186 Dampalit Santolan North Bay Blvd.,

North Maysan Viente Reales Elias Aldana Pulang Lupa Uno B. F. International

Village East Rembo Post Proper Southside San Isidro Cupang Sucat San Dionisio Moonwalk San Martin De Porres Barangay 135 Barangay 155 Tabacalera Ibayo-Tipas Balance Region I Pangasinan San Fabian Nibaliw East Luzon Sagud-Bahley City of Urdaneta Camanang Casantaan Labit Proper Nancalobasaan Palina East Region II+CAR Isabela Angadanan Barangcuag Baui Lourdes (El Escao) Fugaru Mangandingay Rancho Bassit San Isidro Viga Region III Bataan Dinalupihan New San Jose Bulacan Bulacan San Nicolas Taliptip San Jose Del Monte Kaypian Santa Cruz Francisco

Homes-Narra Francisco

Homes-Yakal Graceville Gumaoc West Santa Cruz V San Miguel Pinambaran Santa Ines Sibul Pampanga Mexico Pandacaqui San Miguel Region Cavite Bacoor Molino I IV-A-Calabarzon Queens Row

Central Ligas III Real II Dasmarias Datu Esmael (Bago-a-ingud) Paliparan III San Antonio De

Padua II San Lorenzo Ruiz

II Laguna Bian De La Paz Malaban Rizal City of Antipolo Dela Paz (Pob.) San Isidro (Pob.) Mambugan Bagong Nayon Dalig San Mateo Silangan Region V Camarines Norte Labo Anahaw (Pob.) Kalamunding

(Pob.) Cabusay Calabasa Mabilo II Malangcao-Basud Malasugui Pag-Asa Talobatib Region Marinduque Gasan Bachao Ilaya IV-B-Mimaropa Bacongbacong Bognuyan Pangi Tiguion Visayas Region VI Iloilo Oton Galang San Antonio Tagbac Sur Trapiche Pototan Amamaros Jamabalud Fernando Parcon Ward (Pob.) Sara Apelo Bakabak Villahermosa Negros Occidental Ilog Andulauan Dancalan Barangay II (Pob.) Murcia Abo-abo Zone I (Pob.) Pandanon Salvacion Silay City Barangay II (Pob.) Barangay III (Pob.) Barangay IV (Pob.) Barangay VI Pob.

(Hawaiian) Kapitan Ramon Lantad Rizal Region VII Cebu Badian Tubod City of Carcar Buenavista Liburon Ocana Perrelos Poblacion I City of Naga Central Poblacion Inoburan Patag Uling Ronda Can-abuhon San Remigio Busogon To-ong Negros Oriental Bayawan (Tulong) Banaybanay Villasol (Bato) Nangka Suba (Pob.) Dumaguete City Candau-ay (Capital) Piapi Poblacion No. 5

(Barangay 5) Poblacion No. 8

(Barangay 8) Taclobo Region VIII 83700000 Leyte 83718000 Dulag Alegre Bolongtohan Camitoc Fatima General Roxas Cambula District

(Pob.) Candao (Pob.) Combis (Pob.) Highway (Pob.) San Miguel (Pob.) Serrano (Pob.) Pastrana Cancaraja Lanawan Malitbogay Zamboanga Del Dipolog City Mindanao Region IX Gulayon Norte (Capital) Olingan Barra (Pob.) Central (Pob.) Miputak (Pob.) Santa Filomena Pres. Manuel A. Piamar Roxas Panampalay Sergio Osmea Sr. Macalibre Sinai Region X Misamis Occidental Bonifacio Bolinsong Buenavista Ozamis City Bacolod Diguan Dimaluna Lam-an Litapan Maningcol Carmen (Misamis

Annex) San Antonio Sangay Daku Tabid Region XI Davao Del Sur Bansalan Marber Davao City Buhangin (Pob.) Eden Lubogan Panacan Barangay 5-A

(Pob.) Barangay 20-B

(Pob.) Barangay 31-D

(Pob.) Bago Aplaya Hagonoy Kibuaya Kiblawan San Jose Santa Cruz Inawayan Region XII Sarangani Maasim Amsipit Bales Colon Daliao Kablacan Kanalo Lumasal Lumatil Malbang Poblacion

(Maasim) Seven Hills Autonomous Region in Muslim Sulu Jolo (Capital) Alat Mindanao (ARMM) Bus-bus San Raymundo Tulay Walled City (Pob.) Parang Buton Lupa Abu Tikong Lanao Dakula Butuan City Bading Pob. (Bgy. Caraga Agusan Del Norte (Capital) 22) Buhangin Pob.

(Bgy. 19) Imadejas Pob.

(Bgy. 24) Manila de Bugabus San Mateo Kitcharao Sangay

2. Other supplemental information

2.1 Sex Distribution of the Population, 2010 In 000 % Both Sexes 92,097 100.00 Male 46,459 50.45 Female 45,638 49.55

2.2 Distribution of Population Both Sexes Males Females In 000 % In 000 % In 000 % Total 92,097 100.00 46,459 100.00 45,638 100.00 Population Under 5 10,231 11.11 5,291 11.39 4,939 10.82 5 - 9 10,317 11.20 5,329 11.47 4,987 10.93 10 - 14 10,168 11.04 5,230 11.26 4,937 10.82 15 - 19 9,676 10.51 4,914 10.58 4,761 10.43 20 - 24 8,370 9.09 4,229 9.10 4,140 9.07 25 - 29 7,390 8.02 3,719 8.01 3,670 8.04 30 - 34 6,744 7.32 3,419 7.36 3,3249 7.29 35 - 39 5,990 6.50 3,037 6.54 2,952 6.47 40 - 44 5,450 5.92 2,761 5.94 2,689 5.89 45 - 49 4,664 5.06 2,354 5.07 2,309 5.06 50 - 54 3,883 4.22 1,945 4.19 1,938 4.25 55 - 59 2,980 3.24 1,470 3.17 1,509 3.31 60 - 64 2,224 2.41 1,061 2.28 1,162 2.55 65 - 69 1,495 1.62 678 1.46 816 1.79 70 - 74 1,140 1.24 491 1.06 649 1.42 75 - 79 705 0.77 285 0.61 420 0.92 80 – 84 393 0.43 145 0.31 247 0.54 85 + 270 0.29 91 0.20 179 0.39

2.3 Years of Schooling of the Population, 2010 Both Sexes Males Females

In 000 % In 000 % In 000 % No Grade 3,309 4.04 1,727 4.20 1,581 3.89 Completed Elementary undergraduate 22,507 27.49 12,130 29.47 10,377 25.50 and below Elementary 9,539 11.65 4,812 11.69 4,726 11.61 graduate High school 11,774 14.38 5,949 14.45 5,825 14.31 undergraduate High school 15,676 19.15 7,545 18.33 8,131 19.98 graduate Post secondary 324 0.40 182 0.44 142 0.35 undergraduate Post secondary 2,172 2.65 1,136 2.76 1,036 2.55 graduate College 7,708 9.42 3,785 9.19 3,923 9.64 undergraduate College 8,291 10.13 3,642 8.85 4,648 11.42 graduate Post 241 0.29 101 0.25 140 0.34 baccalaureate Not reported 320 0.39 154 0.38 166 0.41

2.4 Employment rate of the population, 2012 Both Sexes Males Females

In 000 % In 000 % In 000 % Household Population 63,253 100.00 31,528 100.00 31,726 100.00 15 yrs old and above LABOR FORCE Employed - Employed persons include all those who, during the reference period are 15 years and over as of 37,668 59.55 22,962 72.83 14,706 46.35 their last birthday are reported either at work or with a job but not at work. Unemployed - persons who, during the reference period are 15 years old and over as of their last birthday and 2,763 4.37 1,715 5.44 1,048 3.30 who have no job/business and are actively looking for work. NOT IN THE LABOR 22,822 36.08 6,851 21.73 15,972 50.34 FORCE References

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