Evaluation of the UNFPA 9 Country Programme Egypt

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Evaluation of the UNFPA 9 Country Programme Egypt Evaluation of the UNFPA 9th Country Programme Egypt (Mid 2013-2017) Final Report – Sixth & Terminal Draft Date: 04 May 2017 Figure 1: Egypt Country Map Evaluation Team Team Leader& Population and Ms. Doha Abdelhamid Development Specialist Team Member & Youth and Dr. Amr Awad Reproductive Health Specialist Team Member & Gender Specialist Ms. Ghada El Sherif Evaluation Manager Ms. Dawlat Shaarawy I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Evaluation Team would like to thank the UNFPA CO and all PMOs for the support given to the Team throughout the Evaluation journey. We are especially grateful to Prof. Sasha Bodiroza, UNFPA CO Representative, Ms. Germaine Haddad, Assistant Representative, and Ms. Dawlat Shaarawy, Evaluation Manager, and all for their time, support and data provided without which this endeavor would not have completed on time for the upcoming CP programming cycle. The Evaluation Team is also indebted to many key persons who were encountered through interviews with the GOE, IPs, Ministries, NGOs, beneficiaries, private sector, consultants etc. Special gratitude is extended to H.E. Dr. Maissa Shawky, Deputy Minister of Health and Population; H.E. Prof. Tarek Amin, NPC Rapporteur; H.E. Prof. Ashraf El-Araby, Minister of Planning, Monitoring and Administrative Development; H.E. Mr. Helmy El-Namnam, Minister of Culture; H.E. Gen. Abou-Bakr El-Guindy, CAPMAS President; H.E. Prof. Atef El-Shitany, Former NPC Rapporteur; Mr. Motaz Yeken, Ms Randa Hamza, and Ms Sally George, Senior Advisors at MOIC; Ms Dalia Hassan, Former Deputy Population Minister; Dr Ghada Abdallah, Dr Hoda Mostafa, and Prof. Hussein Abdelazziz of CAPMAS; RCT Management and in particular Ms. Ashgan Farid; Mr. Michael Schaadt, UNCT Head; Mr. Tor Haug, Norwegian Embassy; Ms Izabella Eriksson; Swedish Embassy; Mr. Josuke Kawamoto, Japanese Embassy, Ms. Gilian Wilcox, UNICEF Deputy Representative, Mr. Jorg Schimmel, OIC and Deputy Country Director of UNWomen; Ms. Elsa Bousquet of UNHCR; Dr. Ghada Mohsen and Dr. Fatma El-Zahraa of IDSC; Dr. Hanan Gerguis of Baseera; Ms. Nahla Hossam, CARE Egypt Field Supervisor, and their teams for extremely useful inputs, views and documents. We are very thankful to Ms. Samia Hafez, PA to UNFPA Representative, Ms. Rasha Hafez, Admin. Assistant, and Ms. Noha El-Maghraby, Research Assistant to the TL, for their valuable logistical, administrative and research support. The Evaluation Team’s grateful to the members of the ERG for their tangible support and inspiring interactions since CPE inception to date. They are, Prof. Sasha Bodiroza, UNFPA CO Representative, Ms Dawlat Shaarawy, UNFPA Evaluation Manager, Dr. Olugbemiga Adelakin, RO M&E Advisor, Prof. Mohsen Fathy, MOHP/FP, H.E. Prof. Tarek Amin, NPC Rapporteur, Mr. Motaz Yeken, Senior Advisor to the Minister of International Cooperation, Ms. Randa Hamza, M&E Senior Advisor, Ms. Sally George, M&E Senior Advisor, and Mr. Georges Nalenga, UNRC M&E Specialist. II TABLE OF CONTENT Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... II Table of Content......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... III Abbreviation and Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... V Structure of the Country Programme Evaluation Report ........................................................................................................................................................... X List of Tables .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. XI List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... XII Key Facts Table........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ XIV Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. XV PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. XV CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COUNTRY PROGRAMME EVALUATION ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: COUNTRY CONTEXT ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES AND COUNTRY STRATEGIES ..................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2ROLE OF EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 3: UN / UNFPA STRATEGIC RESPONSE AND PROGRAMME. ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.1: UN AND UNFPA STRATEGIC RESPONSE .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 UNFPA RESPONSE THROUGH THE COUNTRY PROGRAMME .................................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 4.1 RELEVANCE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 4.2 EFFICIENCY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23 4.3 EFFECTIVENESS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 4.4 SUSTAINABILITY .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 4.5 STRATEGIC POSITIONING ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 4.6 COMPOSITE ASSESSMENT OF EVALUATION CRITERIA ............................................................................................................................................. 51 4.7 MONITORING AND EVALUATION AT CO DURING THE 9TH CP CYCLE ................................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNT .............................................................................................................. 54 Annex 1: Terms of Reference .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 67 Annex2: Evaluation Reference Group (ERG) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 77 Annex3: CO Organogram ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Industrial Policy in Egypt 2004–2011
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Loewe, Markus Working Paper Industrial policy in Egypt 2004–2011 Discussion Paper, No. 13/2013 Provided in Cooperation with: German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), Bonn Suggested Citation: Loewe, Markus (2013) : Industrial policy in Egypt 2004–2011, Discussion Paper, No. 13/2013, ISBN 978-3-88985-616-6, Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), Bonn This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/199399 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Discussion Paper 13/2013 Industrial Policy in Egypt 2004–2011 Markus Loewe Industrial Policy in Egypt 2004–2011 Markus Loewe Bonn 2013 Discussion Paper / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik ISSN 1860-0441 The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
    [Show full text]
  • 6.3 Newspaper Article on Improved Charcoal Stoves
    INNOVATION, USER PARTICIPATION, AND FOREST ENERGY DEVELOPMENT Matthew S. Gamser A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Science and Technology Policy Studies University of Sussex October 1986 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES DEFINITIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DECLARATION ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. INNOVATION, TECHNICAL CHANGE, AND DEVELOPMENT: THE IMPORTANCE OF USERS 3. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE 4. SUDAN AND THE SUDAN RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECT 5. IMPROVED CHARCOAL PRODUCTION IN SUDAN 6. CHARCOAL STOVES IN SUDAN: THE MULTIPLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF USERS - ARTISANS, RETAILERS, AND CONSUMERS 7. INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION AND FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT IN SUDAN 8. INNOVATION AND FOREST ENERGY IN SUDAN: THE INSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THIS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX 1. GRANTS PROCEDURES APPENDIX 2. CHARCOAL STOVE MONITORING REPORT LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES PAGE FIGURES 2.1 CHANGES IN SUPPLY AND DEMAND 2.2 LINEAR INNOVATION 2.3 NON-LINEAR INNOVATION 2.4 TYPICAL INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT: “HIERARCHICAL” MODEL 2.5 INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR USER-INTERACTIVE INNOVATION: “BIOLOGICAL” MODEL 3.1 R & D ORGANIZATION CHARTS 4.1 SUDAN 4.2 GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN MINISTERIAL ORGANIZATIONS WITH ENERGY RESPONSIBILITIES 4.3 GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS 4.4 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 4.5 LINES OF AUTHORITY AND SUPPORT IN SREP 5.1 CHARCOAL CONSUMPTION BY REGION 5.2 SUDAN: NORTHERN LIMIT OF CHARCOAL
    [Show full text]
  • VIEWER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Open Access Annual Acknowledgement of Manuscript Reviewers Daniel Giannella-Neto* and Marilia De Brito Gomes
    Giannella-Neto and Gomes Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 2013, 5:14 DIABETOLOGY & http://www.dmsjournal.com/content/5/1/14 METABOLIC SYNDROME REVIEWER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Open Access Annual acknowledgement of manuscript reviewers Daniel Giannella-Neto* and Marilia de Brito Gomes Contributing reviewers The Editors of Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome would like to thank all reviewers, both external and Editorial Board Members, who have contributed to the journal since its inception, and whose valuable support continues to be essential to the success of the journal. Nader Abraham Ather Ali David Araújo-Vilar United States United States Spain Sean Adams Sabrina E M Almeida Ehud Arbit United States Brazil United States Adejuwon Adeneye Marlene M Alvarez Pablo Aschner Nigeria Brazil Colombia Raghu Adya Andion C Alves Yoshimasa Aso United Kingdom Brazil Japan Bharat B Aggarwal Kamal Amin Nimer Assy United States Egypt Israel Navneet Agrawal Amy Anderson Martin Auinger India United States Austria Abelardo Aguilera Christian Andersson Fabienne Aujard Spain Sweden France Bo Ahrén Claudia R M Andrade Navneet Aujla Sweden Brazil United Kingdom Jaweed Akhtar Francesco Andreozzi Márcio Augusto Averbeck United States Italy Brazil Baris Akinci Theodore Angelopoulos Álvaro Avezum Turkey United States Brazil Eduardo Alegria Tiago Antunes-Lopes Daud M. Ishaq Aweis Brazil Brazil Malaysia Adnan A Ali Peter Apor Fereidoun Azizi Canada Hungary Iran * Correspondence: [email protected] Post Graduation Programme in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, Rua Vergueiro, 235-249 – 2º SS, São Paulo 01345-000, Brazil © 2013 Giannella-Neto and Gomes; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomatic List
    Diplomatic List Spring 2016 DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 11221 Office of the Chief of Protocol Revised March 18, 2016 --------------------------------------------------------------- For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Preface This publication contains the names of the members of the diplomatic staffs of all missions and their spouses. Members of the diplomatic staff are the members of the staff of the mission having diplomatic rank. These persons, with the exception of those identified by asterisks, enjoy full immunity under provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Pertinent provisions of the Convention include the following: Article 29 The person of a diplomatic agent shall be inviolable. He shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention. The receiving State shall treat him with due respect and shall take all appropriate steps to prevent any attack on his person, freedom or dignity. Article 31 A diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State. He shall also enjoy immunity from its civil and administrative jurisdiction, except in the case of: (a) a real action relating to private immovable property situated in the territory of the receiving State, unless he holds it on behalf of the sending State for the purposes of the mission; (b) an action relating to succession in which the diplomatic agent is involved as executor, administrator, heir or legatee as a private person and not on behalf of the sending State; (c) an action relating to any professional or commercial activity exercised by the diplomatic agent in the receiving State outside of his official functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting Featured Language: Arabic
    The hronicle C A Publication of the American Translators Association VOLUME XXIX • NUMBER 2 FEBRUARY 2000 Focus on: Interpreting Featured Language: Arabic The Features A House Without Mirrors Chronicle By Manouche Ragsdale . 16 A Publication of the American Translators Association With the help of the ATA Board of Directors, the ATA Public Relations Volume XXVIX, Number 2 Committee will launch a program to educate, inform, and “train” T&I February 2000 users in order to help interpreters and translators build a long-overdue public image. Parlance in European Union By Louis Korda . 17 Bright Horizons for the Interpreters Division By Diane E. Teichman . 19 The first year of our established division, 1999, was dedicated to taking stock of who we were, how we work, and what our needs were. The result was the establishment of a sound structure from which to build on within the ATA. Our division meeting and reception at the St. Louis conference showed a cohesive, fun-loving, and dynamic mem- bership. Now, for the year 2000, we are both capable and ready to take advantage of the opportunity to play a leading global role in the inter- preting profession. Translating for Interpreters By Cynthia Migueléz . 20 This article, written for novice interpreters with little or no formal train- Focus on: ing, provides a basic overview of some well-established translating strategies that, when learned and routinized, can enhance general inter- Interpreting preting skills. Featured Language: Arabic Insights on Conference Interpreting By Lucia Conti . 24 Illustration: The Granting of Wishes This article includes a technical description of the working conditions and techniques used in conference interpreting.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Economic Empowerment Study
    Public Disclosure Authorized W men Economic Public Disclosure Authorized Empowerment Study Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Women Economic Empowerment Study May, 2018 Women Economic Empowerment Study Women Economic Empowerment Study © 2018 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. Women Economic Empowerment Study Women Economic Empowerment Study Acknowledgments The views expressed in this report are those of the authors, and should not be attributed to the World Bank Group, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.
    [Show full text]
  • ICT Policy Review of Egypt
    U NITED NATIO N S CONFERENC E O N TRADE AND DEVELO PMENT Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Communicattiions and Information Te chc nology New YorkYork and GenevG a, 2011 NOTE The term “country”, as used in this publication, refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations of country groupings are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular territory or area in the development process. Reference to a company, public or private centres and national programmes should not be construed as an endorsement by UNCTAD of those institutions or their activities. Material in this publication may be freely quoted with appropriate acknowledgement. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION UNCTAD/DTL/STICT/2011/6 Copyright © United Nations, 2011 All rights reserved. Printed in Switzerland PREFACE iii PREFACE Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly widespread in the world and are of growing importance to economic and social development. The international community has recognized the potential benefits of ICTs and encouraged governments to elaborate comprehensive, forward-looking and sustainable national ICT strategies as an integral part of their development plans and poverty reduction strategies. Many developing countries have already put in place one or several national ICT plans and others are in the process of doing so.
    [Show full text]
  • The Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting Securities Market of the Developed and Emerging Economies: BRICS and Ukraine Case
    British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences 13 March 2016, Vol. 11 (1) The Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting Securities Market of the Developed and Emerging Economies: BRICS and Ukraine Case Hnatyuk Rostyslav PhD Student Ivan Franko National University of L’viv E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In the article we inquire into the international securities market which is a source of financial development for the major part of the world economy. We perform linear correlation analysis in order to determine the influence of the macroeconomic and institutional factors on the microstructural (internal) determinants of securities market. We attempt to compare the results across developed and emerging economies in order to find out the differences. We found that most of the relationships are consistent with the theory. We also discovered that for development of emerging economies securities market the role of institutional environment is much more important than macroeconomic indicators, whereas for developed countries good performance of both is mostly equally essential. Key words: institution, institutional factors, macroeconomic variable, securities market determinants Introduction The securities market is one of the most important sources of financing for most of the companies in developed countries and quiet important for those from emerging economies. It allows accumulation of vast amounts of financial resources relatively quickly and without attaching yourself to a particular bank therefore allowing development of a particular project. In the last decades it is securities market that became one of the most quick – booming and technologically intensive market in the world economy. Since the beginning of XX economists believed that financial development may give an impetus for the national economy growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Acknowledgement of Manuscript Reviewers, the Underappreciated Contributors Yasmin Mulla, Ahmed Bakillah and M Mahmood Hussain*
    Mulla et al. Nutrition & Metabolism 2015, 12:3 http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/12/1/3 REVIEWER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Open Access Acknowledgement of manuscript reviewers, the underappreciated contributors Yasmin Mulla, Ahmed Bakillah and M Mahmood Hussain* Contributing reviewers We and the Editorial Board sincerely acknowledge and thank all the reviewers for their active participation and contribution during 2014 (Volume 11). We greatly appreciate their dedication and behind the scenes contribution. It is largely due to their support and expertise that we have been able to publish high standard manuscripts. We would also like to thank authors for choosing Nutrition & Metabolism and contributing their cherished work to this journal. Sarah Abou Merhi Ahmed Bakillah Deepak Bhatnagar United States of America United States of America United Kingdom Nader G. Abraham Michiel Balvers Sheng Bi United States of America Netherlands United States of America Charles Abramson Tyler Barker Jeffrey Billheimer United States of America United States of America United States of America Abdelaziz Abulelsaad Darius Batulevicius William Blaner Egypt Lithuania United States of America Nihal Ahmad Jamie Baum Emanuela Bostjancic United States of America United States of America Slovenia Kamal Amin Juerg H Beer Olivier Bruyère Egypt Switzerland Belgium Robin Anderson Elizabeth Beierle Martin Burtscher United States of America United States of America Austria Susan Arthur Damien Belobrajdic Andrew Butler United States of America Australia United States of
    [Show full text]
  • Praetorian Spearhead the Military Role in the Evolution of Egypt’S State Capitalism 3.0
    Middle East Centre PRAETORIAN SPEARHEAD THE MILITARY ROLE IN THE EVOLUTION OF EGYPT’S STATE CAPITALISM 3.0 Yezid Sayigh LSE Middle East Centre Paper Series | 43 | January 2021 About the Middle East Centre The Middle East Centre builds on LSE’s long engagement with the Middle East and provides a central hub for the wide range of research on the region carried out at LSE. The Middle East Centre aims to enhance un- derstanding and develop rigorous research on the societies, economies, polities and interna- tional relations of the region. The Centre pro- motes both specialised knowledge and public understanding of this crucial area and has out- standing strengths in interdisciplinary research and in regional expertise. As one of the world’s leading social science institutions, LSE com- prises departments covering all branches of the social sciences. The Middle East Centre harnesses this expertise to promote innovative research and training on the region. Middle East Centre Praetorian Spearhead: The Role of the Military in the Evolution of Egypt’s State Capitalism 3.0 Yezid Sayigh LSE Middle East Centre Paper Series | 43 January 2021 About the Author Abstract Yezid Sayigh is Senior Fellow at the Military involvement in the Egyptian Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East economy is giving rise to a new version of Center in Beirut, where he leads the pro- state capitalism. Driven by Arab socialism gramme on Civil-Military Relations in in the 1960s and reshaped by privatisation Arab States (CMRAS). His work focuses in the 1990s, under President Abdel-Fat- on the comparative political and eco- tah el-Sisi the state has sought to bend nomic roles of Arab armed forces and the private sector to its capital invest- non-state actors, the impact of war ment strategy while continuing to profess on states and societies, the politics of commitment to free market economics.
    [Show full text]
  • 351 Pn -Aaz- 3 1
    351 PN -AAZ- 3 1 G194 KaK POWER FROM THE PEOPLE POWER FROM THE PEOPLE Innovation, user participation, and forest energy development MATFHEW S. GAMSER ABOtIy ftr International Devetopment Library Room 10 SA-18 Washington, D.C. 20523 IT PUBLICATIONS 1988 Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd. 103/105 Southampton Row, London WC1B 4HH, UK © Intermediate Technology Publications 1988 ISBN 0 946688 94 X Printed in Great Britain by Short Run Press Ltd., Exeter Contents LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES vi DEFINITIONS vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii 1. Introduction 1 2. Innovation, Technical Change, and Development: The Importance of 'Users' 6 3. Renewable Energy and Development Assistance 32 4. Sudan and the Sudan Renewable Energy Project 52 5. Improved Charcoal Production in Sudan 65 6. Charcoal Stoves in Sudan: The Multiple Contributions of Users - Artisans, Retailers, and Consumers 84 7. Institutional Innovation and Forestry Development in Sudan 105 8. Innovation and Forest Energy Development: Wider Institutional Implications of the Sudanese Experience 126 NOTES 131 BIBLIOGRAPHY 145 v Figures and Tables FIGURES 2.1 Changes in Supply and Demand 8 2.2 Typical Institutional Relationships for Technology Development: 'Hierarchical' Model 26 2.3 Institutional Relationships for User-Interactive Innovation: 'Biological' Model 27 3.1 R & D Organization Charts 46 4.1 Sudan 53 4.2 Government of Sudan Ministerial Organizations With Energy Responsibilities 57 4.3 Government of Sudan Research and Development Organizations 58 4.4 Lines of Authority and Support in SREP
    [Show full text]
  • Fllw General
    Stanford University Libraries iiL§19£,J25 779 186 m //i 'if' <i( tkm ram Frank Lloyd Wright Collection wm D Gift of Professor and Mrs. Paul R. Hanna IH9H OBJwaBBkYiJ'M'.s WmBBA maBM ill HWHBmmL Jtf.' //: mMmm HH ,.,.7v£fiK fii'MM W >-v$iV3 dmftf iffjfi MyJJi(7Jtiw/7?amm WmSBm V It 4ZJ/'I*WJfl vv. I i i • BBk #2w Mm WKEMSmWwBmm BHH HHL EH. >»&$$%, ffinEH Bfl Ml '''' i\ UHBHHmH ' HiBSPWB US ilii Frank Lloyd Wright Collection Gift of Professor and Mrs. Paul R. Hanna Stanford University Libraries FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT GENERAL VOLUME 6 January, 1970 Through November, 1974 I I IU THE CIVIC CENTER MARIN COUNTY CALIFORNIA In 1956 the Marin County Board of Supervisors authorized an ex- penditure of $511,000 for the purchase of a 140 acre site about three miles north of San Rafael for development of a civic cen- ter complex and county fairgrounds. Coupling the seat of county government with the necessary facilities to make the selected site into a center of community activity had long been the dream of many far-sighted citizens. World famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright was engaged by the Board of Supervisors to prepare a Mas- ter Plan to encompass the elements of this daring concept. In March 1957 Mr. Wright present- ed plans for the first construc- tion phase - the Administration Building. A year later he added plans for the fairgrounds pavil- ion, playgrounds, lagoon and gen- eral civic areas. The Master Plan connected gently sloping hills with graceful hori- zontal buildings springing in great arches over entrance road- ways between the hills.
    [Show full text]